A fertilization ratio optimization method for a growth cycle of pitaya

Abstract

The application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and discloses a fertilization proportioning optimization method for the growth cycle of pitaya, which comprises the following steps: sample collection: according to the growth cycle of pitaya, root soil is collected from multiple pitaya plantations, and different depth soil layers are collected in layers; soil and plant analysis: the internal element content of the soil is detected; strain separation: a plate streaking separation method is used; material screening: carrier materials are tested, and the adsorption of the materials to microorganisms is evaluated; organic raw material treatment: discarded pitaya branches and fruit residues in the plantations are collected; fertilization proportioning: according to the growth nutrition demand of saplings, technical integration: according to the growth cycle results, the process is optimized, and technical details are improved. Through sample collection and analysis, the soil and plant nutrition conditions are accurately mastered, a scientific basis is provided for fertilization, and blind fertilization is avoided. Technical integration integrates and improves each link, and forms an efficient closed loop. Finally, the fertilizer utilization rate is effectively improved, and high-quality and high-yield pitaya is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, in particular to a fertilization ratio optimization method for the growth cycle of pitaya. BACKGROUND

[0002] In today's agricultural industry pattern, pitaya has become a popular crop in tropical and subtropical regions due to its unique taste, rich nutritional value and high economic benefits. However, for a long time, there have been many drawbacks in the fertilization process of pitaya planting.

[0003] Current fertilization practices in pitaya planting mostly rely on traditional experience, and existing fertilization techniques rarely consider multiple factors such as soil fertility, real-time nutrient levels of plants, and microbial environment. Soil, as the foundation of pitaya growth, its internal nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, as well as iron, manganese, zinc and other trace elements, and soil texture, pH value and other physical and chemical properties, will deeply affect the absorption efficiency of plants to nutrients. At the same time, the chemical element level of each part of pitaya plant, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stems, leaves and roots, can directly reflect the nutritional status of the plant, but it is often ignored, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rate. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a fertilization ratio optimization method for the growth cycle of pitaya, which solves the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application realizes the following technical scheme: a fertilization ratio optimization method for the growth cycle of pitaya, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, sample collection: according to the growth cycle of pitaya, root soil is collected from multiple pitaya plantations, different depth soil layers are collected layer by layer, stainless steel tools are used to collect soil and mark the collection depth and position; plant tissue samples, stems take the middle part of main lateral branches, leaves take the top leaves of new shoots, and immediately after collection, use liquid nitrogen tank to freeze or ice bag to cold store and transport to the laboratory;

[0007] S2, soil and plant analysis: detect the internal element content of soil; analyze the chemical element level of each part of the plant;

[0008] S3, strain isolation: using plate streaking isolation method, preliminarily judge the morphological category of microorganisms through microscope observation to isolate beneficial microorganism strains;

[0009] S4, material selection: test the carrier material to make microbial agents, and evaluate the adsorption and protection performance of the material to microorganisms;

[0010] S5, organic material treatment: collect discarded pitaya branches and fruit residues in the plantation; preliminarily clean the collected branches to remove attached soil, weeds, residual leaves and impurities;

[0011] S6, fertilization and proportioning: initially determine the component proportion of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to the growth nutrient requirements of young trees; adjust the requirements of flower bud differentiation and fruit setting; optimize for fruit quality improvement; combine the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the microbial agent;

[0012] S7, technology integration: optimize the process and perfect the technical details according to the growth cycle results.

[0013] Preferably, the sample collection in S1 includes the following steps:

[0014] S101, collecting root soil: using five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and the center position of the plantation as sampling points, removing the surface 0-5 cm floating soil of the sampling points, and taking the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm vertically downward with a shovel to ensure that the soil sample of the root activity layer is collected;

[0015] S102, collecting branches, leaves and root systems as samples: selecting healthy new shoots of the current year, about 20-30 cm in length; selecting mature leaves, 3-5 leaves per plant; collecting main roots and lateral roots, and trying to keep the root system intact.

[0016] Preferably, the soil and plant analysis in S2 includes the following steps:

[0017] S201, detecting soil element content: measuring the contents of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum trace elements by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, absorbing the leaching solution into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, measuring the absorbance at the characteristic wavelength of each element, and calculating the content according to the standard curve;

[0018] S202, analyzing plant chemical element level: determining the nitrogen element content by Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, mixing plant powder with concentrated sulfuric acid and catalyst for heating digestion to convert organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen, then distilling with alkali solution, absorbing with boric acid and titrating with standard acid to calculate the nitrogen content.

[0019] Preferably, in S3, the plate streaking separation method includes the following steps: taking 1g-2g of soil sample, 1ml-2ml of liquid sample or 1ml-2ml of homogenate sample, respectively, into a test tube containing 9ml of sterile normal saline for dilution, to prepare 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 different dilution sample suspensions, and then selecting and separating bacteria with nitrogen fixation ability, phosphorus and potassium solubilizing microorganisms, and fungi strains secreting plant growth hormones through a microscope, and then pure culturing these strains to improve strain activity and purity.

[0020] Preferably, the material screening in S4 uses a mixture design to prepare the microbial inoculant, and the different material proportion combinations include peat 30%-40%, vermiculite 30%-40%, and sodium alginate 10%-20%, to observe the effect on microbial adsorption and survival; set the mixture of peat, vermiculite, and sodium alginate to mix with the microbial strain, so that the microorganisms are evenly attached to the surface of the carrier, ensuring that the microbial inoculant has high microbial activity and long shelf life.

[0021] Preferably, the S5 organic raw material treatment includes the following steps:

[0022] S501, collect discarded dragon fruit branches and fruit residues, clean the collection point, and transport the raw materials to the pretreatment site;

[0023] S502, remove large clumps of soil, sand, and impurities attached to the surface of the collected branches, and clean the outside of the branches using mechanical shaking, blowing, or simple water washing.

[0024] Preferably, the S6 fertilizer ratio includes the following steps:

[0025] S601, according to the growth needs of young trees, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 40%-50%; the root-promoting microbial inoculant is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the addition amount is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the source of organic matter includes treated peat and farmyard manure; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 10:8:10; and 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0026] S602, when the dragon fruit enters the initial fruiting stage, the flower bud differentiation and nutrient demand change, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial inoculant and the potassium-solubilizing microbial inoculant are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the addition amount is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is optimized to 12:10:15; and 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced into the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0027] S603, during the fruiting stage, to improve fruit quality and maintain soil fertility, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 30%-40%, 0.6%-1% of the microbial inoculant is added according to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing microbial inoculant accounts for 40%-50%; the disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial inoculant accounts for 30%-40%; the root-promoting microbial inoculant accounts for 10%-20%; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is accurately 15:12:20; and 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer are supplemented in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

[0028] Preferably, the optimization process in S7 comprises the following steps: the mixing ratio of the bacterial solution and the carrier during physical adsorption is accurate to 1:5, the shaking culture conditions are refined as 150 r / min, room temperature for 2 hours, and the uniform and stable adhesion of microorganisms is ensured.

[0029] The application provides a fertilization ratio optimization method for a growth cycle of pitaya.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The application accurately grasps the soil and plant nutrition status through sample collection and analysis, provides a scientific basis for fertilization, avoids blind fertilization, separates strains and selects materials to create efficient microbial inoculants, scientifically combines inoculants to enhance the soil fertilizer supply capacity, realizes resource recycling through organic raw material treatment, supplements organic nutrients, dynamically optimizes the fertilization ratio according to the growth cycle, and accurately supplies fertilizer. The integrated technology integrates and perfects each link to form an efficient closed loop. Ultimately, the fertilizer utilization rate is effectively improved, high-quality and high-yield pitaya is realized, the environment is protected, and the sustainable development of soil ecology is promoted.

[0032] 2. The application uses the five-point sampling method, selects the four corners and the center position of the plantation as sampling points, removes the surface soil, and takes the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm, which covers the whole and focuses on the root activity layer, solves the problem of one-sided sampling and difficult accurate reflection of root nutrient supply, avoids fertilizer mismatch, improves fertilizer utilization rate, and helps high-quality and high-yield pitaya.

[0033] 3. The application accurately controls the sample amount, performs series gradient dilution, fully shakes and mixes, and repeatedly inoculates plates, and then judges the microbial category by observing the colony morphology under a low-power microscope, so as to screen beneficial strains, supplement nitrogen in the soil, activate insoluble nutrients, reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers, reduce production costs, and solve the problem of soil fertility decline in traditional agricultural production.

[0034] 4. The application sequentially collects discarded pitaya branches and pomace and transports them to a pretreatment site, avoids random disposal of waste resources, pollutes the environment, solves the problem of random disposal of waste, removes large impurities on the branches by mechanical shaking, blowing or water washing, and makes the branches better converted into usable raw materials, solves the problem that the branches cannot be reused due to many impurities, realizes resource recycling, reduces resource waste and environmental pollution, and at the same time, the treated branches can be made into organic fertilizer raw materials, supplement organic nutrients for pitaya growth, and improve fruit quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The method flowchart of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0037] Embodiments

[0038] Please refer to the accompanying Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a fertilization ratio optimization method for the growth cycle of pitaya, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1, sample collection: according to the growth cycle of pitaya, root soil is collected from multiple pitaya plantations, different depth soil layers are collected in layers, stainless steel tools are used to collect soil and mark the collection depth and position; plant tissue samples, stems take the middle part of main lateral branches, leaves take the top leaves of new shoots, and are immediately frozen with liquid nitrogen tanks or refrigerated with ice bags and transported to the laboratory;

[0040] S2, soil and plant analysis: detect the internal element content of the soil; analyze the chemical element level of each part of the plant;

[0041] S3, strain isolation: using plate streaking isolation method, the morphological categories of microorganisms are preliminarily judged by microscope observation to isolate beneficial microorganism strains;

[0042] S4, material screening: test the carrier material to make microbial agents, and evaluate the adsorption and protection performance of the material on microorganisms;

[0043] S5, organic raw material treatment: collecting waste pitaya branches and pomace in the plantation; preliminarily cleaning the collected branches to remove attached soil, weeds, residual leaves and impurities;

[0044] S6, fertilization ratio: according to the nutrient demand of young trees, the component ratio of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is initially determined; the requirements of initial fruit flower bud differentiation and fruit setting are adjusted; the optimization for fruit quality improvement is carried out; and the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is combined with microbial agents;

[0045] S7, technology integration: according to the growth cycle results, the process is optimized and the technical details are improved.

[0046] Specifically, by the growth cycle of pitaya, the root soil is collected from multiple pitaya plantations, different depth soil layers are collected layer by layer, and stainless steel tools are used and marked. This is because the root system of pitaya at different growth stages has different absorption of nutrients in different depth soil, and accurate collection can reflect the real soil fertility status at each stage. In terms of plant tissue samples, the middle part of the main lateral branch is taken as the stem, and the top leaf of the new shoot is taken as the leaf. These parts are sensitive to changes in nutrition and can provide immediate feedback on plant nutrition supply and demand information. After sampling, the samples are immediately frozen with liquid nitrogen tank or refrigerated with ice bag and transported to the laboratory, so as to maximize the biological activity of the samples and ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0047] By detecting the content of elements in the soil, the nutrient basis that the soil can provide for pitaya can be comprehensively understood, and the short board of soil fertility is known. By analyzing the chemical element level of each part of the plant, the current nutritional status of pitaya can be accurately grasped, and it is clear whether the plant is over-nourished or lacks nutrition, thereby providing scientific data support for subsequent fertilizer adjustment.

[0048] Through plate streaking separation method, the morphological category of microorganisms is preliminarily judged and separated by microscope observation. There are many microorganisms in the growth environment of pitaya, some of which are beneficial to the growth of pitaya. Through this method, potential beneficial bacteria resources can be screened out, which lays a foundation for subsequent preparation of microbial inoculant, enhancement of soil fertility and promotion of plant growth.

[0049] By testing the carrier material, the adsorption and protection performance of the material to the microorganisms are evaluated. Suitable carrier material can ensure the survival and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, create good conditions for them to play a role, so that the microbial inoculant can more efficiently act on the growth of pitaya and improve the promotion efficiency of soil microbial ecosystem to the growth of pitaya.

[0050] Through the growth cycle of pitaya, the process is optimized and the technical details are improved, the above-mentioned links are closely combined, and continuous improvement is made according to the feedback at different stages, so that the whole fertilization technology forms an organic and efficient closed loop system, the whole process is accurately controlled from sample collection and analysis to fertilization landing, the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate is solved, the high quality and high yield of pitaya are realized, the planting households obtain higher economic benefits, and the soil ecological health is maintained for sustainable development.

[0051] The sample collection in S1 includes the following steps:

[0052] S101, the root soil is collected: using five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and center position of the plantation as sampling points, removing the surface 0-5cm floating soil of the sampling points, using shovel to take 0-30cm depth soil vertically downward, ensuring that the soil samples of root activity layer are collected;

[0053] S102, collect branches, leaves, and root systems as sample branches Select healthy new shoots of the current year, about 20-30 cm in length; select mature leaves for leaves, 3-5 leaves per plant; collect main roots and lateral roots for root systems, and try to keep the root systems intact.

[0054] Specifically, the collected root soil: using five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and center position of the plantation as sampling points, this method can widely cover different areas of the plantation, collect representative soil samples evenly, and reflect the comprehensive characteristics of the soil of the whole plantation to the greatest extent. The sampling points remove the 0-5cm surface soil, because this part of the soil is greatly affected by the external environment and the nutrient fluctuation is obvious, and after removal, the focus is on the soil layer actually contacted by the root system. The soil at a depth of 0-30cm is taken vertically downward with a shovel, which accurately covers the cactus root activity layer, so as to ensure that the collected soil sample can truly reflect the nutrient status that can be absorbed and utilized by the root system, and provide reliable basis for subsequent soil fertility analysis, solving the problem that the soil sample collection is one-sided and cannot accurately reflect the root nutrient supply.

[0055] Through targeted sample selection, the nutrition dynamics of the dragon fruit plant is accurately controlled from multiple organizational dimensions, providing comprehensive and accurate data support for formulating scientific fertilization strategies, and solving the problem of misjudgment of plant nutrition caused by improper selection of plant samples, and then causing mismatch of fertilizers and low utilization rate.

[0056] The soil and plant analysis in S2 includes the following steps:

[0057] S201, detecting soil element content: by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the contents of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum trace elements, the leaching liquid is sucked into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the absorbance is measured at the characteristic wavelength of each element, and the content is calculated according to the standard curve;

[0058] S202, analyzing plant chemical element level: using Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method to determine nitrogen element content, mixing plant powder with concentrated sulfuric acid and catalyst for heating digestion, converting organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen, then distilling with alkali solution, absorbing with boric acid, and titrating with standard acid to calculate nitrogen content.

[0059] Specifically, the spectrophotometer is used to accurately quantify the soil trace elements, clarify the reserve situation, and solve the problem of blind trace element fertilization and low fertilizer utilization rate caused by inaccurate detection.

[0060] By Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method to determine the nitrogen content of the plant, combined with the analysis of other elements, understand the nutrition surplus and deficiency, solve the problem of random fertilization and fertilizer waste due to unknown plant demand.

[0061] In step S3, the streak plate separation method includes the following steps: take an appropriate amount of soil sample (1g-2g), liquid sample (1ml-2ml), or homogenate sample (1ml-2ml), and put them into test tubes containing 9ml of sterile physiological saline for dilution to prepare sample suspensions with different dilutions of 10⁻¹, 10⁻², and 10⁻³. Then, use a microscope to select and separate bacteria with nitrogen-fixing ability, phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms, and fungi that secrete plant growth hormones. Finally, pure culture these strains to improve their viability and purity.

[0062] Specifically, take 1-2g of soil and 1-2ml of liquid or homogenate sample, dilute them in a 9ml sterile saline test tube to prepare suspensions of 10⁻¹, 10⁻², and 10⁻³. This disperses the microorganisms, facilitating subsequent isolation. Using a microscope, select nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms, and fungi that secrete plant growth hormones based on their morphological characteristics; these are crucial for plant growth. The selected strains are then purified and cultured, and suitable conditions are provided according to their characteristics, such as using a nitrogen-free medium for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Through this rigorous process, precise screening of growth-promoting microbial strains is achieved, solving the problems of slow soil fertility improvement, reliance on chemical fertilizers, and ecological damage caused by the lack of precise isolation methods.

[0063] In S4, the material screening adopts a mixed design to prepare the bacterial agent. The different material ratios include 30%-40% peat, 30%-40% vermiculite, and 10%-20% sodium alginate. The effects on microbial adsorption and survival are observed. The three-factor mixture of peat, vermiculite, and sodium alginate is mixed with the bacterial strain to ensure that the microorganisms are uniformly attached to the carrier surface, thus ensuring a bacterial agent with high microbial activity and long shelf life.

[0064] Specifically, the material ratio is limited: 30%-40% peat moss provides nutrients for microorganisms, 30%-40% vermiculite retains water and allows for air permeability, and 10%-20% sodium alginate aids in microbial attachment. These three are mixed to create various carriers. Next, beneficial bacteria are inoculated onto these carriers, and the culture is conducted in a simulated environment. The adsorption and survival of microorganisms are observed to ensure high activity and long shelf life of the inoculant. This process allows for the selection of suitable material combinations, solving the problems of blind material selection, poor microbial attachment, short survival rates, and negative impacts on crop growth and increased costs associated with previous inoculant preparations.

[0065] The S5 organic raw material processing includes the following steps:

[0066] S501. Collect discarded dragon fruit branches and pulp, clean the collection point, and transfer the raw materials to the pre-processing site.

[0067] S502. For the collected branches, remove large pieces of soil, sand, and impurities from the surface, and clean the exterior of the branches by mechanical shaking, blowing, or simple water washing.

[0068] Specifically, by collecting discarded dragon fruit branches and fruit residues, the effective recycling of waste biomass resources in the plantation is realized, solving the problem of random disposal of waste, which not only wastes resources but also destroys the ecological environment. A large amount of branches and fruit residues are produced during the cultivation of dragon fruit. If discarded randomly, it not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the environment. By preliminarily purifying the discarded branches, a foundation is laid for their transformation into high-quality organic fertilizer raw materials or other usable forms, solving the problem that the branches cannot be effectively reused and cannot supplement organic nutrients for the growth of dragon fruit due to too many impurities.

[0069] The S6 fertilization ratio comprises the following steps:

[0070] S601, according to the growth demand of young trees, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 40%-50%; the root-promoting microbial agent is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the addition content is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the source of organic matter includes treated peat soil and farmyard manure; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 10:8:10; 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0071] S602, when the dragon fruit enters the initial fruiting period, the flower bud differentiation grows, and the nutrient demand changes, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial agent and the potassium-solubilizing microbial agent are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the addition content is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is optimized to 12:10:15; 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced into the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0072] S603, in the fruiting period, in order to improve the quality of fruits and maintain soil fertility, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 30%-40%, 0.6%-1% of the microbial agent is added according to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the proportion of phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing microbial agents is 40%-50%; the disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial agent is added, accounting for 30%-40%; the root-promoting microbial agent is added, accounting for 10%-20%; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is accurately 15:12:20; 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer are supplemented in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

[0073] Specifically, according to the growth needs of young trees, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is determined to be 40%-50%, and the treated peat soil and farmyard manure are selected as the source of organic matter, which can improve the soil structure, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and create a good growth environment for the root system of young trees. The growth-promoting root microbial agent is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the addition amount is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The growth-promoting root microbial agent can be closely combined with the root system of young trees, greatly expanding the absorption range of the root system, stimulating root cell division and elongation, and setting the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio to 10:8:10. Nitrogen helps young trees grow rapidly, phosphorus ensures root development and enhances stress resistance, and potassium cooperates to improve plant stress resistance. The addition of 0.2%-0.3% boron and zinc trace elements can promote cell wall synthesis and pollen tube germination, and zinc is involved in auxin synthesis. Thus, according to the growth characteristics of young trees, comprehensive and adaptive nutrients are provided to solve the problems of blind fertilization and nutrient imbalance during the young tree period, which leads to slow growth and easy attack of young trees.

[0074] When the pitaya enters the initial fruiting period, the growth focus shifts to flower bud differentiation, and the nutrient demand changes. At this time, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, and the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial agent and the potassium-solubilizing microbial agent are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, with an addition amount of 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing microbial agents can help release the phosphorus and potassium nutrients required for flower bud differentiation and early fruit development, and create space for the release of readily available nutrients required for flower bud differentiation; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is optimized to 12:10:15, nitrogen and potassium improve flower bud quality and flower stress resistance, and phosphorus helps early fruit development; 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced, which can be directly absorbed by leaves, enhance photosynthetic efficiency, and preserve flowers and fruits. Thus, the precise needs of the initial fruiting period are met, and the problems of poor flower bud differentiation and low fruit setting rate caused by improper fertilization are solved.

[0075] In the fruit-bearing period, the goal is to improve fruit quality and maintain soil fertility. The organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set at 30%-40%, which ensures the activity of soil microorganisms and prevents soil compaction. According to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, 0.6%-1% of the microbial agent is added; the proportion of phosphorus and potassium solubilizing microbial agent is 40%-50%; the proportion of disease-resistant microbial agent is 30%-40%; and the proportion of root-promoting microbial agent is 10%-20%. The phosphorus and potassium solubilizing microbial agent can continuously provide phosphorus and potassium nutrients for the fruit, while the disease-resistant microbial agent can protect the fruit from disease invasion and ensure high-quality output. The root-promoting microbial agent can maintain the activity of the root system and ensure the growth of pitaya during the fruit-bearing period. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is precisely 15:12:20. Nitrogen makes the fruit plump, phosphorus consolidates quality and enhances storage resistance, and potassium promotes sugar accumulation. Additionally, 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer are added to prevent fruit cracking and increase hardness, and magnesium is involved in photosynthetic product accumulation. Thus, the fruit quality is improved in all aspects, and the problems of unreasonable fertilization, poor fruit quality, and soil fertility decline during the fruit-bearing period are solved.

[0076] The optimization process technology in S7 includes the following steps: the mixing ratio of bacterial solution and carrier during physical adsorption is accurately 1:5, the shaking culture conditions are refined to 150 r / min, room temperature for 2 hours, and the microorganisms are uniformly and stably attached.

[0077] Specifically, the mixing ratio of bacterial solution and carrier during physical adsorption is accurately 1:5, which is based on a large number of previous experimental data and scientific theoretical derivation. By strictly controlling the amount of bacterial solution and carrier, the microorganisms have sufficient and appropriate attachment sites in the initial stage of contacting the carrier, avoiding uneven distribution or ineffective attachment of microorganisms due to excessive or insufficient bacterial solution. The shaking culture conditions are refined to 150 r / min, room temperature for 2 hours. The shaking speed of 150 r / min can create a dynamic environment for the sufficient contact between microorganisms and carriers without damaging the cell structure of microorganisms, promoting the uniform dispersion of microorganisms on the surface of carriers. The room temperature condition is suitable for the growth of most beneficial microorganisms, maintaining their physiological activity, and the 2-hour time ensures that the microorganisms have enough time to complete the stable attachment process. Through this process optimization of physical adsorption, the standardization and efficiency of the microbial agent preparation process are realized, and the microorganisms can be uniformly and stably attached to the carrier in the most ideal state. This solves the problem of unstable attachment and uneven distribution of microorganisms on the carrier due to the extensive process in the past, which further hinders the improvement of soil and the promotion of plant growth when applied to pitaya cultivation.

[0078] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: S1, sample collection: according to the growth cycle of pitaya, collect the root soil from multiple pitaya plantations, collect different depth soil layers, collect soil with stainless steel tools and mark the collection depth and position; Plant tissue samples, stem to main lateral branch middle, leaf to new shoot top leaf, immediately frozen with liquid nitrogen tank or ice bag after harvesting and transported to the laboratory; S2, soil plant analysis: detection of internal element content; analysis of plant chemical element level; S3, strain isolation: using plate streaking isolation method, observing the morphology of microorganisms under microscope to preliminarily judge the morphological category, isolating beneficial microorganism strains; S4, material screening: test carrier materials to make microbial agents, evaluate the adsorption and protection performance of materials to microorganisms; S5, organic raw material treatment: collect waste pitaya branches and pomace in the plantation; clean the collected branches, remove attached soil, weeds, dead leaves and impurities; S6, fertilizer ratio: according to the nutrient demand of young trees, initially determine the component ratio of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer; adjust the fruit quality improvement optimization, so that the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is combined with the microbial agent; S7, technology integration: optimize the process and improve the technical details according to the growth cycle results; The material screening in S4 adopts mixture design to prepare microbial agents, different material ratio combinations include peat soil 30%-40%, vermiculite 30%-40%, sodium alginate 10%-20%, and the influence on microbial adsorption and survival is observed; set the mixture of peat soil, vermiculite and sodium alginate to mix with strains, so that microorganisms are uniformly attached to the surface of the carrier, and microbial agents with high activity and long shelf life are obtained.

2. The method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample collection in S1 comprises the following steps: S101, collecting root soil: using five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and center position of the plantation as sampling points, removing 0-5cm surface soil of the sampling points, taking 0-30cm deep soil vertically downward with a shovel, and ensuring that the soil sample of root activity layer is collected; S102, collecting branches, leaves and roots as samples, branches select healthy new shoots of the current year, length 20-30cm; leaves select mature leaves, 3-5 leaves per plant; roots collect main roots and lateral roots, and try to keep the roots complete.

3. The method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil plant analysis in S2 comprises the following steps: S201, detecting soil element content: measuring iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum trace element content by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, absorbing the leaching solution into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, measuring absorbance at the characteristic wavelength of each element, and calculating the content according to the standard curve; S202, analyzing plant chemical element level: determining nitrogen content by Kjeldahl method, mixing plant powder with concentrated sulfuric acid and catalyst for heating digestion to convert organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen, then distilling with alkali solution, absorbing with boric acid, and titrating with standard acid to calculate nitrogen content.

4. The method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 uses plate streaking separation method including the following steps: take appropriate amount of soil sample 1g-2g, liquid sample 1ml-2ml or homogenate sample 1ml-2ml, respectively into the test tube containing 9ml sterile normal saline for dilution, and make 10 -1 、10 -2 、10 -3 Different dilution sample suspension, and then select and separate the bacteria with nitrogen fixation ability, phosphorus and potassium solubilizing microorganisms and fungi strains secreting plant growth hormones through microscope, and then pure culture these strains to improve strain activity and purity.

5. The method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic raw material treatment in S5 comprises the following steps: S501, collect waste pitaya branches and pomace, clean the collection point, and transfer the raw materials to the pretreatment site; S502, remove the surface of the collected branches, large block of soil, sand, impurities, using mechanical shaking, blowing or simple water washing way, clean the outside of the branches.

6. The method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 fertilization ratio includes the following steps: S601, according to the growth demand of young trees, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 40%-50%; the root promoting microbial agent is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the addition content is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the source of organic matter includes treated peat soil and farmyard manure, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 10:8:10, and 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; S602, when the pitaya enters the initial fruiting period, the flower bud differentiation grows, the nutrient demand changes, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, the phosphorus solubilizing microbial agent and the potassium solubilizing microbial agent are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the total addition content of the microbial agents is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is optimized to 12:10:15, and 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced into the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; S603, in the fruiting period, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 30%-40%, 0.6%-1% of the microbial agent is added according to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the proportion of the phosphorus and potassium solubilizing microbial agent is 40%-50%; the disease-resistant microbial agent is added, and the proportion is 30%-40%; the root promoting microbial agent is added, and the proportion is 10%-20%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is accurately 15:12:20, and 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer are supplemented in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

7. The method for optimizing the fertilizer ratio for the growth cycle of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S7 optimization process technology includes the following steps: the mixing ratio of the microbial solution and the carrier in physical adsorption is accurately 1:5, the oscillation culture condition is refined to 150 r / min and room temperature for 2 hours, and uniform and stable adhesion of the microorganisms is ensured.

Images