Method for regulating flowering phase of oriental cherry

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of oriental cherry, and belongs to the technical field of plant flowering phase regulation and control. According to the method, GA3 with different concentrations is sprayed to treat five branches of the 'Feihan', and red paint is used for marking for phenology observation in the flowering phase. According to the method, the flowering phase of Feihan can be advanced in 200 mg / L GA3, 500 mg / L GA3, 1000 mg / L GA3 and 2000 mg / L GA3 treatment groups, the total flowering phase is prolonged through low-concentration treatment in 200 mg / L GA3 and 500 mg / L GA3, the flower bud development process of 500 mg / L GA3 is between low-concentration treatment and high-concentration treatment, flowers grow healthily, the initial flowering phase is advanced by about 4 days, the total flowering phase lasts for 12 days, and a scientific foundation is laid for theoretical and technical research of oriental cherry flowering phase regulation and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant flowering period regulation, and particularly relates to a method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms. Background Art

[0002] 'Feihan' (Prunus campanulata 'Feihan') is a species of P. campanulata. It has pink flowers, dense flowers, strong resistance and fast growth. It has been introduced in Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan, and has become one of the famous domestic cherry varieties with the largest promotion area. Taking Nanjing as an example, the initial flowering period of 'Feihan' is 3-5 days later than the early cherry variety Tsubakihan (P. 'Introrsa'), and 3-5 days earlier than the early cherry variety Somei Yoshino. Therefore, the flowering period regulation of 'Feihan' plays an important role in the formation of the cherry blossom intention landscape.

[0003] With the high-quality development of my country's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, and the increasing emphasis on environmental beautification, the flowering period of cherry blossoms in their natural state often cannot meet people's actual needs. It is particularly important to use artificial technology to adjust the flowering period to meet people's needs for cherry blossom viewing at different times. At present, the research on the subgenus Sakura mainly focuses on systematic classification, breeding system research, and flowering period forecasting. There are few reports on the relevant research on the regulation of the flowering period of ornamental cherry blossoms. Because the open-field environment of woody plants is difficult to control and the treatment effect of horticultural measures is limited, plant growth regulators are currently the best choice for exploring the regulation of the flowering period of woody plants. They have low requirements for the environment and facilities and are easy to operate in the field.

[0004] Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid acids. They were first discovered as metabolites of the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi and were reclassified as Fusarium fujikuroi. It was further confirmed that they exist in plants as natural hormones. Gibberellins play an important role in regulating the growth and development of higher plants, such as promoting seed germination and sprouting, root growth, and flower development. At present, 136 types of gibberellins have been isolated and identified, but only a few such as GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 have biological activity. GA3 is the most widely used in agricultural production. Exogenous PGRs are widely used in herbaceous and vine ornamental flowers to regulate flowering period. Research on ornamental woody plants mainly focuses on traditional early spring woody plants such as plum blossoms, peach blossoms, and plums. Treatment with 2000mg / L gibberellin has a significant regulatory effect on the flowering period of plum blossoms, and its treatment concentration is closely related to the treatment time; 200mg / L to 4000mg / L gibberellin solution can effectively break the dormancy of cherry blossom plants; 2000mg / L gibberellin treatment can advance the viewing period of 'Jiangmei' by 4.33 days; 2000mg / L GA3 treatment of azalea can advance the flowering period by 4.4 days, and 1500mg / L IAA treatment can delay the flowering period by 4.6 days; spraying GA3 with concentrations of 120mg / L and 150mg / L in early March can advance the initial and full flowering periods of ornamental peach blossoms with an early phenological period by 1 day, increase the number of petals and enlarge the flower stems, and improve the ornamental value; At present, the research on gibberellin regulation of flowering period is mainly focused on exploring the mechanism of the influence of concentration on the development period of plants, but even with the same concentration and the same growth regulator, the research results will be different due to differences in treated plants and treatment time. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms, so as to adjust the flowering period while ensuring the ornamental quality of the blossoms, so as to achieve the purpose of supplying flowers on demand in the market.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms comprises the steps of spraying a gibberellin solution on cherry blossom plants.

[0008] Preferably, the variety type of the cherry blossom plant is 'Fei Han'.

[0009] Preferably, the gibberellin is a GA3 type hormone.

[0010] Preferably, the concentration of GA3 is 0-2000 mg / L.

[0011] Preferably, GA3 is sprayed on the experimental plants every 10 days.

[0012] Preferably, 5 plants are treated with different concentrations of GA3, for a total of 4 treatments.

[0013] Preferably, samples are collected during the dormancy period, greening period, scale cracking period, coloring period or initial flowering period, and untreated samples are collected during the same period.

[0014] Preferably, the sample is placed in liquid nitrogen with tweezers until no bubbles are generated, and then transferred to a -80°C ultra-low temperature freezer for storage until subsequent physiological index determination and use.

[0015] Preferably, the whole plant is sprayed, and the hormones are sprayed in the morning or evening when the light is not strong, and each spray is carried out until liquid drips from the branches.

[0016] Preferably, phenological observations are calculated based on the last time of hormone spraying. After plant treatment, plants are observed every 5 days during the dormant stage, every 3 days from the first observation of green flower buds to the scale-cracking stage, every 2 days after the budding stage, and every day from the appearance of the first flower until the flowers fall.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] The present invention provides a method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms. Taking 'Fei Han' as a test material, a total of 6 treatments are set, namely (1) 100 mg / L GA3; (2) 200 mg / L GA3; (3) 500 mg / L GA3; (4) 1000 mg / L GA3; (5) 2000 mg / L GA3; and (6) control (CK). During the flowering process of 'Fei Han', it needs to go through dormancy, germination, cracking of scales, color exposure, pedicel elongation, and finally flowering. The test results show that spraying different concentrations of GA3 has different effects on the flowering phenology of 'Fei Han'. Compared with CK (spraying with clean water), spraying 200mg / LGA3, 500mg / L GA3, 1000mg / L GA3 and 2000mg / L GA3 can promote the early flowering phenology. Among them, the flower buds of 500mg / L GA3, 1000mg / L GA3 and 2000mg / L GA3 treatments were the first to sprout (late January and early February), and the bud appearance period of 2000mg / LGA3 treatment was earlier than that of other treatments. Its initial flowering period was earlier than that of CK and low concentration treatments (100mg / L GA3, 200mg / LGA3), but later than that of 500mg / L GA3 treatment. Among all the treatments, the 500mg / L GA3 treatment entered the initial flowering period the earliest, about 4 days earlier than CK, and the flowering period lasted the longest, about 12 days, which was 3 days, 5 days, and 5 days longer than the 200mg / L GA3, 1000mg / L GA3, and 2000mg / LGA3 treatments, respectively, and 4 days longer than the 100mg / L GA3 and CK treatment groups. The flowering phenology of the 100mg / L GA3 treatment was consistent with that of CK. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples. The examples are implemented based on the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The experimental site of this study is located in Longshan Cherry Blossom Garden, Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province (118.030474E, 32.046652N), which has a subtropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 15-22℃, an average temperature of 0-15℃ in the coldest month, and an annual precipitation of 800-1600 mm.

[0022] 'Fei Han' is the main variety planted in the test site. All plants are asexually propagated seedlings with good consistency and stability, making them ideal test materials. This study selected 3-year-old 'Fei Han' with healthy growth, consistent tree height and canopy size as test materials.

[0023] There were 6 treatments in this experiment: (1) 100 mg / L GA3; (2) 200 mg / L GA3; (3) 500 mg / L GA3; (4) 1000 mg / L GA3; (5) 2000 mg / L GA3; and (6) control (CK).

[0024] Before spraying hormones, select 5 branches of each treated plant that are in the same direction, have healthy growth, similar bud quantity, and more flower branches, mark them with red paint, and use them for flowering phenology observation.

[0025] The experiment started in January 2023 during the dormant period of the 'Fei Han' plants. GA3 was sprayed on the experimental plants every 10 days. Five plants were treated with each concentration, for a total of four treatments (January 1, January 10, January 20, and January 30, 2023). Since the experiment was carried out in the same experimental field, different gradient treatments shared one control, and the whole plant was sprayed. Hormones should be sprayed in the morning or evening when the light is not strong, and each spraying was done until liquid dripped from the branches.

[0026] In this experiment, the four hormone sprayings were completed in January, and the four sample collection times were January 10, 2023 (dormant period), February 7 (greening period), February 28 (scale cracking period), and March 12 (coloring or initial flowering period), and untreated samples were collected during the same period.

[0027] Select flower branches with strong growth and small individual differences on the periphery of the plant, bring them back to the laboratory with absorbent cotton, remove the flower buds from the branches, peel off the dirt and leathery bud scales on the periphery of the flower buds, minimize the error caused by the samples to the test results, wrap them with tin foil, mark the collection time and treatment concentration, immerse the samples in liquid nitrogen with tweezers until no bubbles are generated, and transfer them to a -80℃ ultra-low temperature refrigerator for storage.

[0028] The last time of hormone spraying was used as the calculation date. After the plants were treated, they were observed every 5 days during the dormancy stage in January, every 3 days from the first observation of green flower buds to the scale-cracking stage, every 2 days after the bud stage, and every day from the appearance of the first flower until the flowers fell. Photos were taken and records were recorded during the flowering phenology observation process.

[0029] During the flowering process of 'Fei Han', it needs to go through dormancy, budding, cracking, color exposure, pedicel elongation, and finally flowering. The experimental results show that spraying different concentrations of GA3 has different effects on the flowering phenology of 'Fei Han'. Compared with CK (spraying with clean water), spraying 200mg / L GA3, 500mg / L GA3, 1000mg / LGA3 and 2000mg / L GA3 can promote the early flowering phenology. Among them, the flower buds of 500mg / L GA3, 1000mg / LGA3 and 2000mg / L GA3 treatments are the first to sprout (late January and early February), and the budding period of 2000mg / LGA3 treatment is earlier than other treatments. Its initial flowering period is earlier than CK and low concentration treatments (100mg / L GA3, 200mg / LGA3), but later than 500mg / L GA3 treatment. Among the treatments, the 500mg / L GA3 treatment entered the initial flowering period the earliest, about 4 days earlier than CK, and the flowering period lasted the longest, about 12 days, which was 3 days, 5 days, and 5 days longer than the 200mg / L GA3, 1000mg / L GA3, and 2000mg / L GA3 treatments, respectively, and 4 days longer than the 100mg / L GA3 and CK treatments. The flowering phenology of the 100mg / L GA3 treatment and CK were consistent. Table 1 shows the statistical results of the effect of different concentrations of GA3 on the flowering period of 'Feihan'.

[0030] Table 1 Effect of GA3 spraying on the flowering period of 'Feihan'

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: spraying a gibberellin solution on cherry blossom plants.

2. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety type of the cherry blossom plant is 'Feihan'.

3. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gibberellin is a GA3 type hormone.

4. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of GA3 is 0-2000 mg / L.

5. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental plants were sprayed with GA3 every 10 days.

6. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 4, characterized in that: Five plants were treated with different concentrations of GA3 for a total of four times.

7. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Samples were collected during the dormancy period, greening period, scale cracking period, coloring period or initial flowering period, and untreated samples were collected during the same period.

8. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 7, characterized in that: Use tweezers to immerse the sample in liquid nitrogen until no bubbles are generated, and transfer it to a -80°C ultra-low temperature freezer for storage until subsequent physiological index measurement and use.

9. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spray the whole plant, and spray the hormone in the morning or evening when the light is not strong. Spray each time until liquid appears on the branches.

10. The method for regulating the flowering period of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phenological period observation is calculated based on the last time of hormone spraying. After the plants are treated, they are observed every 5 days during the dormant stage, every 3 days from the first observation of green flower buds to the scale-breaking stage, every 2 days after the bud stage, and every day from the appearance of the first flower until the flowers fall.

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