Viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations for high concentration protein formulations
The introduction of novel viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations, specifically combining certain amino acids and niacinamide, addresses the challenges of viscosity and stability in high concentration biopharmaceuticals, enhancing their formulation stability and administration feasibility.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/132633
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-11-11
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-22
AI Technical Summary
High concentration biopharmaceutical formulations face challenges with viscosity and stability, particularly for administration routes like subcutaneously and intramuscularly, where existing solutions are inadequate in reducing viscosity and enhancing stability.
Development of novel viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations containing combinations of arginine, histidine, meglumine, lysine, arginine·HCl, and niacinamide, which are added to high concentration biopharmaceutical formulations to decrease viscosity and increase stability.
The proposed formulations effectively reduce viscosity and enhance stability of high concentration biopharmaceuticals, achieving viscosities less than 100 cP, preferably less than 50 cP, and maintaining high stability, thereby improving the feasibility and administration of these products.
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Figure PCTCN2024132633-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024132633-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Viscosity-Reducing and stabilizing liquid Formulations for High Concentration Protein FormulationsFIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a series of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations, meticulously tailored to significantly decrease the viscosity and increase the stability of high concentration biopharmaceuticals. The viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations can be used in high concentration biopharmaceutical products and can bring considerable potential for enhancing the formulation stability and elevating the feasibility of high concentration biopharmaceutical products.BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0002] Specific administration routes such as subcutaneously and intramuscularly and higher dosage requirements give the increasing demand for high concentration formulations of biopharmaceutical drugs. This surge in demand presents a significant challenge related to viscosity and stability. To address this issue effectively, there is a need to develop innovative solutions for reducing viscosity and enhancing the stability in high concentration formulations of biopharmaceuticals.SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0003] The present disclosure has an object to develop a novel series of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations meticulously tailored to significantly decrease the viscosity and enhance the stability of high concentration biopharmaceuticals. Compared with existing viscosity reduction strategies, the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations of the present application have better capacity of viscosity reduction and protein stabilization. The introduction of these innovative formulations as additives brings considerable potential for enhancing the formulation stability and elevating the feasibility of high concentration biopharmaceutical products.
[0004] In a first aspect, the present disclosure relates to a novel series of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations meticulously tailored to significantly decrease the viscosity of high concentration biopharmaceuticals and stabilize the biopharmaceuticals. The viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations include: (a) Arginine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (b) Histidine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (c) Meglumine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (d) Lysine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (e) Arginine·HCl (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; or (f) Histidine (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; or (g) Meglumine (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; or (h) Lysine·HCl (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) .
[0005] In some embodiments, the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations can be used to reduce viscosity and enhance the stability of a formulation comprising a protein agent. In other embodiments, the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations can be used to prepare a liquid formulation of a protein agent with high concentration of a protein agent, high stability and with low viscosity, for example, less than 100 cP, preferably less than 50 cP, as measured at 20℃.
[0006] In a second aspect, the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation, comprising: (i) one or more protein agents; (ii) a suitable buffer system; (iii) a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulation, comprising: (a) Arginine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (b) Histidine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (c) Meglumine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (d) Lysine (30-300 mM) and Niacin (30-300 mM) ; or (e) Arginine·HCl (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; or (f) Histidine (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; or (g) Meglumine (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; or (h) Lysine·HCl (30-300 mM) and Niacinamide (30-300 mM) ; wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation has a pH between about 4.5 and 7.5, increased stability, and a viscosity less than 100 cP, preferably less than 50 cP, as measured at 20 ℃.
[0007] In some embodiments, the one or more protein agents have a molecular weight from about 50 kDa to about 250 kDa and at a concentration from about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL, preferably from about 100 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL.
[0008] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation has a pH about 4.5 to 7.5, about 5.0 to 7.5, about 5.5 to 7.5, about 6.0 to 7.5, about 4.0 to 7.5, about 4.5 to 7.5, about 5.0 to 7.5, or about 6.0 to 7.5, or any pH value in a range of 4.5 to 7.5, for example, pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 or 7.5.
[0009] In some embodiments, the buffer system may be selected from, but not limited to: histidine buffer, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, tris buffer, succinate buffer, and any combination thereof.
[0010] In some embodiments, the buffer system may be selected from: (1) histidine buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 5.0 to 7.0; (2) acetate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0; (3) citrate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0; (4) phosphate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5; (5) tris buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5; or (6) Succinate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0.
[0011] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation is a high concentration formulation (e.g., at a concentration greater than 200 mg / mL) of protein agents with reduced viscosity and increased stability, including therapeutic agents. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation is a liquid formulation having a viscosity less than 100 cP, preferably less than 50 cP, as measured at 20 ℃. As described in the following Examples, the viscosity is measured by initium one plus viscometer. In general, these formulations are suitable for parenteral administration, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration (e.g., by injection, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection) , and in many embodiments by parenteral administration that does not involve infusion and / or that is other than intravenous administration. In particular, in many embodiments, the present disclosure provides formulations suitable for administration by intravenous (IV) , subcutaneous (SC) and / or intramuscular (IM) injection. In many embodiments, provided formulations are suitable for administration via 18–32-gauge needles.
[0012] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation is in aqueous liquid form or a non-aqueous liquid form. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation can be lyophilized and reconstituted immediately prior to use.
[0013] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation has good stability during storage. The presence of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent may significantly reduce the aggregation of the protein agent, for example, during preparation and / or storage.
[0014] Typically, the formulations are aqueous formulations. Most commercially available mAb products administered by SC or IM injection are formulated in aqueous buffers, such as a phosphate, succinate or L-histidine buffer, with the addition of excipients and / or surfactants, such as maltose, mannitol, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, lactic acid, proline, arginine, EDTA, sorbitol, or 80 (PS80 sorbitan monolaurate) . These compounds act to improve overall solution stability.
[0015] In an embodiment, the protein agent is a therapeutic protein. The term “protein agent” also includes peptide or polypeptide. In another embodiment, the protein agent is an immunoglobulin, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, or fusion protein, or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , preferably a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, for example, but not limited to Pembrolizumab, Adalimumab, Trastuzumab, Aflibercept, or Rituximab.
[0016] In an embodiment, the protein agent is a fusion protein. In another embodiment, the protein agent is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) .
[0017] In an embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation further comprises other excipients or additives, for example, selected from: aggregation-reducing agents, sugars or sugar alcohols, polysaccharides, stabilizers, hyaluronidase, buffering agents, preservatives, carriers, antioxidants, chelating agents, natural or synthetic polymers, cryoprotectants, lyoprotectants, surfactants, bulking agents, acidifying agents, ingredients to reduce injection site discomfort, antifoaming agents, alkalizing agents, vehicles, aggregation inhibitors, solubilizing agents, tonicity modifiers, or stabilizing agents and combinations thereof. It should be appreciated that the skilled person in the art can select suitable compounds or compositions for the other excipients or additives based on the desired properties of the final formulation.
[0018] In an embodiment, the aggregation-reducing agents are selected from the group consisting of nicotinic acid, caffeine citrate, caffeine nicotinate, caffeine, octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and n-dodecyl-P-D-maltoside and optionally in combination with one or more of arginine, tryptophan, histidine, proline, cysteine, β-alanine, Potassium Glutamate, Arginine Ethylester, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) , EGTA (aminopolycarboxylic acid) , EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) , hydroxy propyl beta (HP-Beta) cyclodextrins, hydroxy propyl gamma (HP-Gamma) cyclodextrins, sulfo-butyl ether (SBE) cyclodextrins, TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) , trehalose, ethylene glycol, betaine, xylitol, sorbitol, 6- (N- (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino) hexanoic acid (NBD-X) , methyl acetyl phosphate (MAP) , citraconic anhydride, pyrophosphate and citrate.
[0019] In an embodiment, the tonicity modifiers are selected from the group consisting of arginine, cysteine, histidine, glycine, alkali salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, saccharides such as sucrose, glucose, dextrose, glycerin or mannitol and combinations thereof.
[0020] In an embodiment, the antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysine, EDTA, DTPA, sorbitol, mannitol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, hypophosphorous acid, monothioglycerol, propyl gallate, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sufur dioxide, tocopherol and combinations thereof.
[0021] In an embodiment, the lyoprotectants are selected from the group consisting of sucrose, lactose, trehalose, dextran, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltose, lactulose, maltulose, glucitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomaltulose and mannitol; amino acids, such as arginine or histidine or proline or glycine; lyotropic salts, such as magnesium sulfate; polyols, such as propylene glycol, glycerol, poly (ethylene glycol) , or polypropylene glycol; gelatin, dextrins, modified starch, carboxymethyl cellulose and combinations thereof.
[0022] In some embodiments, the concentration of a protein agent in a high concentration, low-viscosity formulation may be at least about 10 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 75 mg / mL, 100 mg / mL, 150 mg / mL, 200 mg / mL, 250 mg / mL, or 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the concentration may be within a range bounded by a lower limit and an upper limit, the upper limit being larger than the lower limit. In some embodiments, the lower limit may be about 10 mg / mL, about 25 mg / mL, about 50 mg / mL, about 75 mg / mL, about 100 mg / mL, about 150 mg / mL, about 200 mg / mL or about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the upper limit may be about 200 mg / mL, about 250 mg / mL or about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 10 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 10 mg / mL to about 200 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 25 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 25 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 25 mg / mL to about 200 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 50 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 50 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 50 mg / mL to about 200 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 75 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 75 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 75 mg / mL to about 200 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 100 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 100 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 100 mg / mL to about 200 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 150 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 150 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 150 mg / mL to about 200 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 200 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the range may be about 200 mg / mL to about 250 mg / mL. In some embodiments the range may be about 250 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL.
[0023] In a third aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for reducing viscosity and increasing the stability of a formulation comprising a protein agent, comprising: adding a viscosity-reducing amount of any one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations of the first aspect to the formulation comprising one or more protein agents, wherein the final formulation has a viscosity less than 100 cP, preferably less than 50 cP, as measured at 20 ℃.
[0024] In an embodiment, the protein agent is a therapeutic protein. The term “protein agent” also includes peptide or polypeptide. In another embodiment, the protein agent is an immunoglobulin, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, or fusion protein, or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , preferably a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, for example, but not limited to Pembrolizumab, Adalimumab, Trastuzumab, Aflibercept, or Rituximab. In a further embodiment, the protein agent is a fusion protein. In another embodiment, the protein agent is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) .
[0025] In an embodiment, the protein agent is at a concentration from about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL in the formulation, for example, about 100 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL, for example, about 100 mg / mL, about 150 mg / mL, about 200 mg / mL, about 250 mg / mL, or about 300 mg / mL.
[0026] In an embodiment, the formulation is administrated by parenteral administration, for example, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.
[0027] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a liquid formulation comprising a protein agent with high concentration of a protein agent, high stability and low viscosity, comprising: (i) dissolving the protein agent in a buffer; and (ii) adding any one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulations of the first aspect; wherein the liquid formulation comprising a high concentration of protein agent has a viscosity less than 100 cP as measured at 20 ℃.
[0028] In an embodiment, the buffer is selected from histidine buffer, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, tris buffer, succinate buffer, or any combination thereof. For example, the buffer is selected from: (1) histidine buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 5.0 to 7.0; (2) acetate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0; (3) citrate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0; (4) phosphate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5; (5) tris buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5; or (6) Succinate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0.
[0029] In an embodiment, the protein agent is a therapeutic protein. The term “protein agent” also includes peptide or polypeptide. In another embodiment, the protein agent is an immunoglobulin, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, or fusion protein, or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , preferably a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, for example, but not limited to Pembrolizumab, Adalimumab, Trastuzumab, Aflibercept, or Rituximab. In a further embodiment, the protein agent is a fusion protein or an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) .
[0030] In some embodiments, the protein agent is present at a concentration within a range of about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL. Typically, the liquid protein agent formulation prepared according to this method is characterized by a viscosity that is lower than that of an otherwise comparable formulation of the protein agent lacking the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulation.
[0031] In some embodiments, the use of a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulation reduces the viscosity of a protein agent formulation to a viscosity that, when measured at 20℃, may be less than 100 cP, preferably less than 50 cP, for example, about 95 cP, 90 cP, 85 cP, 80 cP, 75 cP, 70 cP, 65 cP, 60 cP, 55 cP, 50 cP, about 45 cP, 40 cP, 35 cP, 30 cP, 25 cP, 20 cP, 15 cP, or lower, or any value therein, for example, any value in the range of 0 to 100 cP, or preferably any value in the range of 0 to 50 cP.
[0032] In an embodiment, the liquid formulation comprising a protein agent is administrated by parenteral administration, for example, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.
[0033] In an embodiment, the liquid formulation comprising a protein agent has reduced protein aggregation during preparation and storage.
[0034] In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure relates to use of the liquid formulation comprising a protein agent for preventing or treating diseases in a subject.
[0035] In a sixth aspect, the present disclosure relates to use of any one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulation as described in the first aspect for reducing viscosity and increasing the stability of a formulation comprising a protein agent at a high concentration, for example, about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL, preferably from about 100 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL.
[0036] In a seventh aspect, the present disclosure relates to use of any one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulation as described in the first aspect for preparing a liquid formulation comprising a protein agent with high concentration of a protein agent, high stability and low viscosity.
[0037] The foregoing and other features and advantages of the disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of several embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0038] While the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms, disclosed herein are specific illustrative embodiments thereof that exemplify the principles of the disclosure. It should be emphasized that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated. Moreover, any section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.
[0039] DEFINITIONS
[0040] In order to better understand the disclosure, the definitions and explanations of the relevant terms are provided as follows.
[0041] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. More specifically, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless stated otherwise.
[0042] Throughout this disclosure, unless the context requires otherwise, the words “comprise” , “comprises” and “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated step or element or group of steps or elements but not the exclusion of any other step or element or group of steps or elements. By “consisting of” is meant including, and limited to, whatever follows the phrase “consisting of” . Thus, the phrase “consisting of” indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, and that no other elements may be present. By “consisting essentially of” is meant including any elements listed after the phrase, and limited to other elements that do not interfere with or contribute to the activity or action specified in the disclosure for the listed elements. Thus, the phrase “consisting essentially of” indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, but that other elements are optional and may or may not be present depending upon whether or not they affect the activity or action of the listed elements.
[0043] As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” refers to a quantity, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight, or length that varies by as much as 30, 25, 20, 25, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1%to a reference quantity, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length. In particular embodiments, the terms “about” or “approximately” when preceding a numerical value indicates the value plus or minus a range of 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1%. In general, those skilled in the art, familiar with the context, will appreciate the relevant degree of variance encompassed by "about" in that context.
[0044] The term "viscosity, " as generally used herein, refers to the resistance of a substance (typically a liquid) to flow. Viscosity is related to the concept of shear force; it can be understood as the effect of different layers of the fluid exerting shearing force on each other, or on other surfaces, as they move against each other. Viscosity can be "kinematic" or "absolute" . There are several measures of viscosity. The units of viscosity are Ns / m, also known as Pascal-seconds (Pa-s) . Viscosity may be measured by using, for example, a viscometer at a given shear rate or multiple shear rates. An "extrapolated zero-shear" viscosity can be determined by creating a best fit line of the four highest-shear points on a plot of absolute viscosity versus shear rate, and linearly extrapolating viscosity back to zero-shear. Alternatively, for a Newtonian fluid, viscosity can be determined by averaging viscosity values at multiple shear rates. Viscosity can also be measured using a microfluidic viscometer at single or multiple shear rates (also called flow rates) , wherein absolute viscosity is derived from a change in pressure as a liquid flow through a channel. Viscosity equals shear stress over shear rate.
[0045] As generally used herein, the term "absolute viscosity" is sometimes called "dynamic viscosity" or "simple viscosity, " is the product of kinematic viscosity and fluid density. Absolute viscosity is expressed in units of centipoise (cP) . The SI unit of absolute viscosity is the milli Pascal-second (mPa-s) , where 1 cP = l mPa-s.
[0046] As used herein, the term "viscosity-reducing agent" refers to a compound or a composition which acts to reduce the viscosity of a solution relative to the viscosity of a solution absent of a viscosity-reducing agent. The viscosity-reducing agent may be a single compound, or may be a mixture of two or more compounds. When the viscosity-reducing agent is a mixture of two or more compounds, the listed concentration refers to each individual agent, unless otherwise specified. Particularly, when the viscosity-reducing agent is a mixture of two or more compounds, it is referred to as “viscosity-reducing formulation” in the context of the disclosure. The viscosity-reducing formulation of the present disclosure has a capacity of stabilizing a liquid formulation of a protein agent, and thus it is also known as “the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation” .
[0047] As used herein, the term "administration" typically refers to the administration of a composition to a subject or system to achieve delivery of an agent that is, or is included in, the composition. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of a variety of routes that may, in appropriate circumstances, be utilized for administration to a subject, for example a human. For example, in some embodiments, administration may be ocular, oral, parenteral, topical, etc. In some particular embodiments, administration may be bronchial (e.g., by bronchial instillation) , buccal, dermal (which may be or comprise, for example, one or more of topical to the dermis, intradermal, interdermal, transdermal, etc. ) , enteral, intra-arterial, intradermal, intragastric, intramedullary, intramuscular, intranasal, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intravenous, intraventricular, within a specific organ (e.g., intrahepatic) , mucosal, nasal, oral, rectal, subcutaneous, sublingual, topical, tracheal (e.g., by intratracheal instillation) , vaginal, vitreal, etc. In some embodiments, administration may involve only a single dose. In some embodiments, administration may involve application of a fixed number of doses. In some embodiments, administration may involve dosing that is intermittent (e.g., a plurality of doses separated in time) and / or periodic (e.g., individual doses separated by a common period of time) dosing. In some embodiments, administration may involve continuous dosing (e.g., perfusion) for at least a selected period of time.
[0048] In general, the term "agent" , as used herein, may be used to refer to a compound or entity of any chemical class including, for example, a polypeptide, nucleic acid, saccharide, lipid, small molecule, metal, or combination or complex thereof. In appropriate circumstances, as will be clear from context to those skilled in the art, the term may be utilized to refer to an entity that is or comprises a cell or organism, or a fraction, extract, or component thereof. Alternatively, or additionally, as context will make clear, the term may be used to refer to a natural product in that it is found in and / or is obtained from nature. In some instances, again as will be clear from context, the term may be used to refer to one or more entities that are man-made in that they are designed, engineered, and / or produced through action of the hand of man and / or are not found in nature. In some embodiments, an agent may be utilized in isolated or pure form; in some embodiments, an agent may be utilized in crude form. In some embodiments, potential agents may be provided as collections or libraries, for example that may be screened to identify or characterize active agents within them. In some cases, the term "agent" may refer to a compound or entity that is or comprises a polymer; in some cases, the term may refer to a compound or entity that comprises one or more polymeric moieties. In some embodiments, the term "agent" may refer to a compound or entity that is not a polymer and / or is substantially free of any polymer and / or of one or more particular polymeric moieties. In some embodiments, the term may refer to a compound or entity that lacks or is substantially free of any polymeric moiety.
[0049] The term "protein aggregation, " as generally used herein, refers to a biological phenomenon in which mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra-or extracellularly. These protein aggregates are often correlated with diseases. In fact, protein aggregates have been implicated in a wide variety of disease known as amyloidosis, including ALS, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion disease. This aggregation can be 'native, ' in which the protein structure is maintained and the aggregation is largely reversible, or 'non-native, ' where denaturation and structural changes mean this effect is largely irreversible. Aggregates may continue to grow and form over a wide size range, including up to and beyond the formation of visible particles, and ultimately this leads to precipitation.
[0050] The term "protein aggregation preventer / aggregation inhibitor, " as generally used herein, means an inhibitor which is capable of preventing formation of additional protein aggregate in a protein-containing solution. Thus, inhibition can encompass preventing an increase in the amount of protein aggregate in a protein formulation or solution. Prevention is measured by comparing the amount of aggregate present in a protein-containing solution that comprises at least one inhibitor of insoluble aggregate formation with the amount of aggregate present in a protein-containing solution that does not comprise at least one inhibitor of insoluble aggregate formation and is measured by either using Size-Exclusion chromatography or dynamic light scattering techniques.
[0051] The term "aggregation-reducing agent, " as generally used herein, means an agent for decreasing the amount of protein aggregate in a protein-containing solution. Thus, reducing can encompass decreasing the amount of protein aggregate in a protein formulation or solution. Decreasing is measured by comparing the amount of aggregate present in a protein-containing solution that comprises at least one reducer of insoluble aggregate formation with the amount of aggregate present in a protein-containing solution that does not comprise at least one reducer of insoluble aggregate formation and is measured by either using Size-Exclusion chromatography or dynamic light scattering techniques.
[0052] As generally used herein, the term "formulation" refers to a combination of a therapeutic protein (e.g., a therapeutic antibody or antibody fragments thereof) and one or more ingredients or excipients. Examples of excipients are described in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, published jointly by the American Pharmaceutical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. As used herein, "formulations" include "Therapeutic Protein formulations. " Furthermore, "formulations" include "Therapeutic High Protein Concentration" and "Antibody or fragments thereof formulations" and "monoclonal antibody formulations. "
[0053] As generally used herein, the term "fusion protein" refers to a protein that is created from two different genes encoding for two separate proteins. Fusion proteins are generally produced through recombinant DNA techniques known to those skilled in the art. Two proteins (or protein fragments) are fused together covalently and exhibit properties from both parent proteins.
[0054] As used herein, the term "liquid formulation" refers to a protein formulation that is either supplied in an acceptable pharmaceutical diluent or one that is reconstituted in an acceptable pharmaceutical diluent prior to administration to the patient.
[0055] As generally used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids and bases, including inorganic acids and bases, and organic acids and bases. Suitable non-toxic acids include inorganic and organic acids such as acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like. Suitable positively charged counterions include sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and magnesium.
[0056] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutical composition" refers to a composition in which an active agent is formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In some embodiments, the active agent is present in unit dose amount appropriate for administration in a therapeutic regimen that shows a statistically significant probability of achieving a predetermined therapeutic effect when administered to a relevant population. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may be specially formulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including those adapted for the following: oral administration, for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions) , tablets, e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and systemic absorption, boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to the tongue; parenteral administration, for example, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, a sterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or a controlled-release patch or spray applied to the skin, lungs, or oral cavity; intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream, or foam; sublingually; ocularly; transdermally; or nasally, pulmonary, and to other mucosal surfaces.
[0057] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; pH buffered solutions; polyesters, polycarbonates and / or poly anhydrides; and other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.
[0058] As generally used herein, the term "stability" or "physical stability" refers to the ability of a protein formulation to resist physical deterioration, such as aggregation. A formulation that is physically stable forms only an acceptable percentage of irreversible aggregates (e.g., dimers, trimers, or other aggregates) of the bioactive protein agent. The presence of aggregates may be assessed in a number of ways, including by measuring the average particle size of the proteins in the formulation by means of dynamic light scattering. A formulation is considered physically stable if less than about 5%irreversible aggregates are formed after 24 months at 4℃. Acceptable levels of aggregated contaminants ideally would be less than about 2%. Level as low as about 0.2%is achievable, although approximately 1%is more typical.
[0059] As generally used herein, the term "plasticizing" refers to the use of a plasticizer, e.g., lanolin, ethanol, to make a formulation comprising a therapeutic protein in a solution that becomes viscous after it is injected subcutaneously, forming a matrix. The resulting high viscosity matrix is adhesive, biodegradable and biocompatible. The therapeutic protein is then released in a controlled manner from the matrix.
[0060] As generally used herein, the term "reduced-viscosity formulation (of a protein agent) " refers to a liquid formulation with a high concentration of a high-molecular-weight protein, such as a mAb, or a low-molecular-weight protein that is modified by the presence of one or more additives to lower the viscosity, as compared to a corresponding formulation that does not contain the viscosity-reducing additive (s) .
[0061] The term “drug” as used herein refers to any cytotoxic molecule which has an antitumor effect and at least one substituted group or a partial structure allowing connection to a linker structure. The drug may kill cancer cells and / or inhibit growth, proliferation, or metastasis of cancer cells, thereby reducing, alleviating, or eliminating one or more symptoms of a disease or disorder.
[0062] An "immunoglobulin " or "native antibody" is a tetrameric glycoprotein. In a naturally-occurring immunoglobulin, each tetramer is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one "light" (about 25 kDa) and one "heavy" chain (about 50-70 kDa) . The amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a "variable" ( "V" ) region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids which are primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal portion of each chain defines an invariable region primarily responsible for effector function. The four chains are arranged in a classic "Y" model. The bottom "leg" of the "Y" is called the Fc region and is used to anchor the antibody within cell membranes, and is also used to bind macrophage cells and thus activate complementation. The two "arms" at the top of the "Y" are called Fab regions. Each Fab region contains an invariable region (at the junction of the Fab and the Fc regions) and a variable region (which extends to the tip of the "Y" or Fc region) . Each variable region contains identical antigen-binding sites (at regions within the variable regions called "hypervariable" regions) at each tip of the "Y" . The term "hypervariable" region refers to amino acid residues from a complementarity-determining region or CDR (i.e., residues 24-34 (CDRL1) , 50-56 (CDRL2) and 89-97 (CDRL3) in the light chain variable domain and 31-35 (CDRH1) , 50-65 (CDRH2) and 95-102 (CDRH3) in the heavy chain variable domain as described by Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991) ) . "Framework" or FR residues are the remaining variable region residues other than the hypervariable region residues. Each Fab region has one antigen-binding site, and the complete antibody molecule therefore has two antigen-binding sites (i.e., is "bivalent" ) . The two antigen-binding sites on a naturally occurring antibody are identical to each other, and therefore the antibody is specific for one antigen (i.e., is "monospecific" ) .
[0063] Immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes depending on the amino acid sequence of the invariable domain of their heavy chains. Heavy chains are classified as mu (μ) , delta (Δ) , gamma (γ) , alpha (α) , and epsilon (ε) , and define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively. Typically, IgG, IgE and IgD occur as monomers, while IgA can occur as not only a monomer, but also a dimer or trimer, and IgM can occur as a pentamer. Several of the above may be further divided into subclasses or isotypes, e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2. Different isotypes have different effector functions; for example, IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes have antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities. Human light chains are classified as kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) light chains. Within light and heavy chains, the variable and invariable regions are joined by a "J" region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the heavy chain additionally encompassing a "D" region of about 10 more amino acids (See generally, Fundamental Immunology, Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989)) .
[0064] “Antibody fragments” comprise a portion of a full-length antibody, generally the antigen binding or variable region thereof. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’, F (ab’) 2, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; minibodies (Olafsen et al. (2004) Protein Eng. Design & Sel. 17 (4) : 315-323) , fragments produced by a Fab expression library, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, CDR (complementary determining region) , and epitope -binding fragments of any described herein which immunospecifically bind to cancer cell antigens, viral antigens or microbial antigens, single-chain antibody molecules; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
[0065] The following examples are provided to better illustrate the claimed invention and are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. All specific compositions, materials, and methods described below, in whole or in part, fall within the scope of the present invention. These specific compositions, materials, and methods are not intended to limit the invention, but merely to illustrate specific embodiments falling within the scope of the invention. One skilled in the art may develop equivalent compositions, materials, and methods without the exercise of inventive capacity and without departing from the scope of the invention. It will be understood that many variations can be made in the procedures herein described while still remaining within the bounds of the present invention. It is the intention of the inventors that such variations are included within the scope of the invention.EXAMPLES
[0066] Now the present disclosure will be illustrated in detail with reference to the following examples. However, those skilled in the art should understand that, the following examples are only provided for illustration, but not intended to limit the present disclosure in any way. Example 1: Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab solutions in various buffers at 20℃.
[0067] This example tested the viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Pembrolizumab solutions.
[0068] Materials and Methods
[0069] Pembrolizumab is a commercially available mAb. In this example, it was produced by WuXi Biologics based on its sequence sourced from Drug Bank (DB09037) . The recombinant cell culture fermentation was harvested by centrifugation, and the resulting filtrate pool was loaded onto a Protein A column. The target protein was eluted at pH 3.8 and subsequently neutralized to pH 5.5 using 1 M Tris base. The eluate then underwent depth filtration and was passed through a 0.2 μm filter. The intermediate filtration pool was loaded onto an AEX (Anion Exchange) column in flow-through mode. Following this step, the AEX flow-through pool was further processed on a CEX (Cation Exchange) column, and the target protein was eluted using a linear gradient elution. The CEX eluate was subsequently concentrated to a concentration of 40 g / L and diafiltrated over six dia-volumes to exchange the buffer to a final composition of a buffer concentration within 5-50 mM using histidine, acetate, citrate, phosphate, tris or succinate buffer system at a pH between 4.5 and 7.5, respectively. Through formulation exchange, Pembrolizumab was transferred into test groups, encompassing with the component concentration varied from 30 mM to 300 mM, incorporating one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, shown in Tables 1-18. Furthermore, there was a control group (i.e., positive control) comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation, 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan, from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . An additional control group solely consisted of MilliQ water and the protein as blank control. The formulation containing Pembrolizumab was subsequently concentrated to 100-300 mg / mL (e.g., 100, 200, or 300 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge with a concentration variation of 3%. To ascertain Pembrolizumab's concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Pembrolizumab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.42 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0070] The viscosity of samples was measured by initium one plus viscometer (Rheosense) at 20℃. For samples with a viscosity exceeding 1000 cP, viscosity was measured using a TA rheometer.
[0071] As shown in Tables 1-18, the data demonstrated the viscosity-reducing efficacy of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Pembrolizumab in different buffers: histidine (pH 5.0 to 7.0) , acetate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , citrate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , phosphate (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , Tris (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , and succinate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) buffer. As for Pembrolizumab at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL, the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations exhibited superior viscosity reduction when compared to the reference lead formulation from WO2018211517 and excipient-free samples. Table 1 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 2 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 3 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 4 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 5 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 6 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 7 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 8 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 9 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 10 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 11 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 12 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 13 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Tris buffer, at pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 14 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 15 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Tris buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 16 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 17 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 18 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 2: Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab solutions in various buffers at 20℃
[0072] This example tested the viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Adalimumab solutions.
[0073] Materials and Methods
[0074] Adalimumab is a commercially available mAb. In this example, it was produced by WuXi Biologics based on its sequence sourced from Drug Bank (DB00051) . The recombinant cell culture fermentation was harvested by centrifugation, and the resulting filtrate pool was loaded onto a Protein A column. The target protein was eluted at pH 3.8 and subsequently neutralized to pH 5.5 using 1 M Tris base. The eluate then underwent depth filtration and was passed through a 0.2 μm filter. The intermediate filtration pool was loaded onto an AEX (Anion Exchange) column in flow-through mode. Following this step, the AEX flow-through pool was further processed on a CEX (Cation Exchange) column, and the target protein was eluted using a linear gradient elution. The CEX eluate was subsequently concentrated to a concentration of 40 g / L and diafiltrated over six dia-volumes to exchange the buffer to a final composition of a buffer concentration within 5-50 mM using histidine, acetate, citrate, phosphate, tris or succinate buffer system at a pH between 4.5 and 7.5, respectively. Through formulation exchange, Adalimumab was transferred into test groups, encompassing with the component concentration varied from 30 mM to 300 mM, incorporating one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, shown in Tables 19-36. Furthermore, there was a control group (i.e., positive control) comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . An additional control group solely consisted of MilliQ water and the protein as blank control. The formulation containing Adalimumab was subsequently concentrated to 100-300 mg / mL (e.g., 100, 200, or 300 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge with a concentration variation of 3%. To ascertain Adalimumab’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Adalimumab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.40 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0075] The viscosity of samples was measured by initium one plus viscometer (Rheosense) at 20℃. For samples with a viscosity exceeding 1000 cP, viscosity was measured using a TA rheometer.
[0076] As shown in Tables 19-36, the data demonstrated the viscosity-reducing efficacy of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Adalimumab in different buffers: histidine (pH 5.0 to 7.0) , acetate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , citrate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , phosphate (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , Tris (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , and succinate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) buffer. As for Adalimumab at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL, the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations exhibited superior viscosity reduction when compared to the reference lead formulation from WO2018211517 and excipient-free samples. Table 19 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 5 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 20 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 21 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 50 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 22 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 23 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 20 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 24 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 50 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 25 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 5 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 26 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 27 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 50 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 28 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 29 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 30 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 31 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 5 mM Tris buffer, at pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 32 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 33 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 50 mM Tris buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 34 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 35 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 20 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 36 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab in 50 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 3: Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab solutions in various buffers at 20℃.
[0077] This example describes the viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Trastuzumab solutions.
[0078] Materials and Methods
[0079] Trastuzumab is a commercially available mAb. In this example, it was produced by WuXi Biologics based on its sequence was sourced from Drug Bank (DB00072) . The recombinant cell culture fermentation was harvested by centrifugation, and the resulting filtrate pool was loaded onto a Protein A column. The target protein was eluted at pH 3.8 and subsequently neutralized to pH 5.5 using 1 M Tris base. The eluate then underwent depth filtration and was passed through a 0.2 μm filter. The intermediate filtration pool was loaded onto an AEX (Anion Exchange) column in flow-through mode. Following this step, the AEX flow-through pool was further processed on a CEX (Cation Exchange) column, and the target protein was eluted using a linear gradient elution. The CEX eluate was subsequently concentrated to a concentration of 40 g / L and diafiltrated over six dia-volumes to exchange the buffer to a final composition of a buffer concentration within 5-50 mM using histidine, acetate, citrate, phosphate, tris or succinate buffer system at a pH between 4.5 and 7.5, respectively. Through formulation exchange, Trastuzumab was transferred into test groups, encompassing with the component concentration varied from 30 mM to 300 mM, incorporating one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, shown in Tables 37-54. Furthermore, there was a control group (i.e., positive control) comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 in WO2018211517) . An additional control group solely consisted of MilliQ water and the protein as blank control. The formulation containing Trastuzumab was subsequently concentrated to 100-300 mg / mL (e.g., 100, 200, or 300 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge with a concentration variation of 3%. To ascertain Trastuzumab’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Trastuzumab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.48 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0080] The viscosity of samples was measured by initium one plus viscometer (Rheosense) at 20℃. For samples with a viscosity exceeding 1000 cP, viscosity was measured using a TA rheometer.
[0081] As shown in Tables 37-54, the data in demonstrated the viscosity reducing effect of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Trastuzumab in different buffers: histidine (pH 5.0 to 7.0) , acetate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , citrate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , phosphate (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , Tris (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , and succinate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) Buffer. As for Trastuzumab at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL, the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations exhibited superior viscosity reduction when compared with the reference lead formulation of WO2018211517 and excipient-free samples. Table 37 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 5 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 38 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 39 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 50 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 40 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 41 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 20 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 42 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 50 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 43 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 5 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 44 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 45 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 50 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 46 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 47 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 48 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 49 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 5 mM Tris buffer, at pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 50 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 51 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 50 mM Tris buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 52 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 53 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 20 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 54 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab in 50 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 4: Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on ADC (Trastuzumab-MMAE, DAR8 Cysteine conjugated) solutions in various buffers at 20℃.
[0082] This example tested the viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Trastuzumab-MMAE solutions.
[0083] Materials and Methods
[0084] Trastuzumab-MMAE is an ADC. Trastuzumab is a commercially available mAb. In this example, it was produced by WuXi Biologics based on its sequence was sourced from Drug Bank (DB00072) . The recombinant cell culture fermentation was harvested by centrifugation, and the resulting filtrate pool was loaded onto a Protein A column. The target protein was eluted at pH 3.8 and subsequently neutralized to pH 5.5 using 1 M Tris base. The eluate then underwent depth filtration and was passed through a 0.2 μm filter. The intermediate filtration pool was loaded onto an AEX (Anion Exchange) column in flow-through mode. Following this step, the AEX flow-through pool was further processed on a CEX (Cation Exchange) column, and the target protein was eluted using a linear gradient elution. The CEX eluate was subsequently concentrated to a concentration of 40 g / L and diafiltrated over six dia-volumes to exchange the buffer to a final composition of 20 mM histidine at pH 6.0. MC-VC-PAB-MMAE was purchased from WuXi STA. ADC material is prepared in a one-pot reaction: A 5 mM TCEP stock solution (TCEP / Trastuzumab mole ratio = 6.0) was added to the Trastuzumab solution, and the reaction mixture was incubated in a shaker at 200 rpm and 30℃ for 2 hours. Subsequently, a 10 mg / mL linker-drug stock solution (MC-VC-PAB-MMAE / Trastuzumab mole ratio = 11.0 in DMA) was added, and the reaction was continued under the same conditions (200 rpm, 30℃) for an additional 2 hours. The quench was conducted using 100 mM L-cysteine solution (L-cysteine / Trastuzumab mole ratio = 20) for 1 hour at 200 rpm, 30℃. The reaction mixture was then purified using a Thermo ZebaTM Spin Desalting Column (40K, 0.5 mL) , yielding the final product: Trastuzumab-MMAE conjugate (DAR 8) . Through buffer exchange, Trastuzumab-MMAE conjugate was transferred into a final buffer composition with concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mM, using histidine, acetate, citrate, phosphate, tris or succinate buffer system at a pH between 4.5 and 7.5, respectively, and into one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations with the component concentrations varying from 30 mM to 300 mM, as shown in Tables 55-72. Furthermore, there was a control group (i.e., positive control) comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 in WO2018211517) . An additional control group solely consisted of MilliQ water and the ADC product as blank control. The formulation containing Trastuzumab-MMAE was subsequently concentrated to 100-300 mg / mL (e.g., 100, 200, or 300 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge with a concentration variation of 3%. To ascertain Trastuzumab-MMAE concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the Trastuzumab-MMAE solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Trastuzumab-MMAE without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.48 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0085] The viscosity of samples was measured by initium one plus viscometer (Rheosense) at 20℃. For samples with a viscosity exceeding 1000 cP, viscosity was measured using a TA rheometer.
[0086] As shown in Tables 55-72, the data demonstrated the viscosity reducing effect of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Trastuzumab-MMAE in different buffers: histidine (pH 5.0 to 7.0) , acetate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , citrate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , phosphate (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , Tris (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , and succinate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) Buffer. As for Trastuzumab-MMAE at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL, the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations exhibited superior viscosity reduction when compared to the reference lead formulation from WO2018211517 and excipient-free samples. Table 55 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 56 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 57 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 58 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 59 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 60 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 61 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 62 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 63 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 64 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 65 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 66 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 67 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Tris buffer, at pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 68 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 69 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Tris buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 70 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 71 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 72 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 5: Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept solutions in various buffers at 20℃.
[0087] This example describes the viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Aflibercept solutions.
[0088] Materials and Methods
[0089] Aflibercept is commercially available recombinant fusion protein. In this example, it was produced by WuXi Biologics based on its sequence was sourced from Drug Bank (DB08885) . The recombinant cell culture fermentation was harvested by centrifugation, and the resulting filtrate pool was loaded onto a Protein A column. The target protein was eluted at pH 3.8 and subsequently neutralized to pH 5.5 using 1 M Tris base. The eluate then underwent depth filtration and was passed through a 0.2 μm filter. The intermediate filtration pool was loaded onto an AEX (Anion Exchange) column in flow-through mode. Following this step, the AEX flow-through pool was further processed on a CEX (Cation Exchange) column, and the target protein was eluted using a linear gradient elution. The CEX eluate was subsequently concentrated to a concentration of 40 g / L and diafiltrated over six dia-volumes to exchange the buffer to a final composition of a buffer concentration within 5-50 mM using histidine, acetate, citrate, phosphate, tris or succinate buffer system at a pH between 4.5 and 7.5, respectively. Through formulation exchange, Aflibercept was transferred into test groups, encompassing with the component concentration varied from 30 mM to 300 mM, incorporating one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, shown in Tables 73-90. Furthermore, there was a control group (i.e., positive control) comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 in WO2018211517) . An additional control group solely consisted of MilliQ water and the protein as blank control. The formulation containing Aflibercept was subsequently concentrated to 100-300 mg / mL (e.g., 100, 200, or 300 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge with a concentration variation of 3%. To ascertain Aflibercept concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Aflibercept without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.15 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0090] The viscosity of samples was measured by initium one plus viscometer (Rheosense) at 20℃. For samples with a viscosity exceeding 1000 cP, viscosity was measured using a TA rheometer.
[0091] As shown in Tables 73-90, the data in demonstrated the viscosity reducing effect of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Aflibercept in different buffers: histidine (pH 5.0 to 7.0) , acetate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , citrate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) , phosphate (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , Tris (pH 6.5 to 7.5) , and succinate (pH 4.5 to 6.0) Buffer. As for Aflibercept at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL, the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations exhibited superior viscosity reduction when compared with the reference lead formulation of WO2018211517 and excipient-free samples. Table 73 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 5 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 74 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 75 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 50 mM Histidine buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 76 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 77 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 20 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 5.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 78 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 50 mM Acetate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 79 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 5 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 80 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 81 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 50 mM Citrate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 82 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 83 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 84 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 85 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 5 mM Tris buffer, at pH 6.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 86 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 87 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 50 mM Tris buffer, at pH 7.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 88 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 89 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 20 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 5.5 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 90 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept in 50 mM Succinate buffer, at pH 6.0 at 20℃. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 6: Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Rituximab solutions in 20 mM histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃.
[0092] This example tested the viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Rituximab solutions.
[0093] Materials and Methods
[0094] Rituximab is commercially available. In this example, it was produced by WuXi Biologics based on its sequence sourced from Drug Bank (DB00073) . The recombinant cell culture fermentation was harvested by centrifugation, and the resulting filtrate pool was loaded onto a Protein A column. The target protein was eluted at pH 3.8 and subsequently neutralized to pH 5.5 using 1 M Tris base. The eluate then underwent depth filtration and was passed through a 0.2 μm filter. The intermediate filtration pool was loaded onto an AEX (Anion Exchange) column in flow-through mode. Following this step, the AEX flow-through pool was further processed on a CEX (Cation Exchange) column, and the target protein was eluted using a linear gradient elution. The CEX eluate was subsequently concentrated to a concentration of 40 g / L and diafiltrated over six dia-volumes to exchange the buffer to a final composition of 20 mM histidine at pH 6.0. Through buffer exchange, Rituximab was transferred into ten test groups, encompassing eight with a 20 mM histidine pH 6.0 buffer, incorporating one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, shown in Table 91. Furthermore, there was a formulation comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 in WO2018211517) as a control group. An additional control group solely consisted of a 20 mM histidine buffer pH 6.0 and the protein as blank control. The formulation containing Rituximab was subsequently concentrated to around 200 mg / mL (200 ± 5 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge. To ascertain Rituximab’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combine with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples. For Rituximab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.65 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0095] The viscosity of samples was measured by initium one plus viscometer (Rheosense) at 20℃. For samples with a viscosity exceeding 1000 cP, viscosity was measured using a TA rheometer.
[0096] As shown in Table 91, the data demonstrated the viscosity-reducing efficacy of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Rituximab within histidine buffer. As for Rituximab at a concentration of 200 ± 5 mg / mL, the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations exhibited significant viscosity reduction, better than the efficacy of the reference lead formulation from WO2018211517. Table 91 Viscosity reducing effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on 200 ± 5 mg / mL Rituximab in histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at 20℃. Example 7: Effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Pembrolizumab stability at various temperatures.
[0097] This example tested the effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Pembrolizumab stability and compared it with the lead formulation (25 mM Phosphate, 81.2 mM of Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan) in WO2018211517.
[0098] Materials and Methods
[0099] The Pembrolizumab samples were produced by WuXi Biologics, as described in Example 1, and formulated as shown in Tables 92-109. The prepared samples were aseptically filtered with 0.22 μm PVDF membrane filters before filling. After filtration, samples were filled with a pipette to 2 mL vials, and the fill volume was 1.0 mL. Then the vials were stoppered and sealed and subjected to 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ chambers to start the stability assessment. Furthermore, there was a formulation comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) as control group. After preparing the control group samples, the pH was adjusted to the target value using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. An additional group, consisting solely of MilliQ water and the protein, was prepared as a blank. The pH of the blank group was also adjusted to match the target pH using the same method. To ascertain Pembrolizumab's concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Pembrolizumab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.42 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0100] The test for protein stability was carried out over a 4-week period by SE-UPLC. Samples were prepared as described above. As shown in Tables 92-109, after 4 weeks, the monomer content of Pembrolizumab at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL formulated with the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations was higher than or close to 90%even at 40℃, comparable or better than the lead formulation in WO2018211517, regardless of the used buffers, indicating good stabilization effect of the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations. Table 92 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Histidine buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 93 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 94 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Histidine buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 95 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 96 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Acetate buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 97 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Acetate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 98 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Citrate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 99 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 100 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Citrate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 101 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 102 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 103 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 104 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Tris buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 105 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 106 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 107 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 108 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 20 mM Succinate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 109 SE-UPLC results of formulated Pembrolizumab in 50 mM Succinate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 8: Effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Adalimumab stability at various temperatures.
[0101] This example tested the effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations of the present application on Adalimumab stability and compared it with the lead formulation (25 mM Phosphate, 81.2 mM of Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan) in WO2018211517.
[0102] Materials and Methods
[0103] The Adalimumab samples were produced by WuXi Biologics, as described in Example 2, and formulated as shown in Tables 110-127. The prepared samples were aseptically filtered with 0.22 μm PVDF membrane filters before filling. After filtration, samples were filled with a pipette to 2 mL vials, and the fill volume was 1.0 mL. Then the vials were stoppered and sealed and subjected to 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ chambers to start the stability assessment. Furthermore, there was a control group group comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . After preparing the control group samples, the pH was adjusted to the target value using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. An additional control group, consisting solely of MilliQ water and the protein, was prepared as a blank. The pH of the blank group was also adjusted to match the target pH using the same method. To ascertain Adalimumab’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Adalimumab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.40 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0104] The test for protein stability was carried out over a 4-week period by SE-UPLC. Samples were prepared as described above. As shown in Tables 110-127, after 4 weeks, the monomer content of Pembrolizumab at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL formulated with the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations was higher than 90%even at 40℃, comparable or better than the lead formulation in WO2018211517, regardless of the used buffers, indicating good stabilization effect of the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations. Table 110 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 5 mM Histidine buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 111 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 112 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 50 mM Histidine buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 113 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 114 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 20 mM Acetate buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 115 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 50 mM Acetate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 116 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 5 mM Citrate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 117 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 118 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 50 mM Citrate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 119 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 120 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 121 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 122 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 5 mM Tris buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 123 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 124 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 125 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 126 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 20 mM Succinate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 127 SE-UPLC results of formulated Adalimumab in 50 mM Succinate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 9: Effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab stability at various temperatures.
[0105] This example tested the effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab stability and compared it with the lead formulation (25 mM Phosphate, 81.2 mM of Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan) in WO2018211517.
[0106] Materials and Methods
[0107] The Trastuzumab samples were produced by WuXi Biologics, as described in Example 3, and formulated as shown in Tables 128-145. The prepared samples were aseptically filtered with 0.22 μm PVDF membrane filters before filling. After filtration, samples were filled with a pipette to 2 mL vials, and the fill volume was 1.0 mL. Then the vials were stoppered and sealed and subjected to 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ chambers to start the stability assessment. Furthermore, there was a control group comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . After preparing the control group samples, the pH was adjusted to the target value using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. An additional control group, consisting solely of MilliQ water and the protein, was prepared as a blank. The pH of the blank group was also adjusted to match the target pH using the same method. To ascertain Trastuzumab’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Trastuzumab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.48 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0108] The test for protein stability was carried out over a 4-week period by SE-UPLC. Samples were prepared as described above. As shown in Tables 128-145, after 4 weeks, the monomer content of Trastuzumab formulated with the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations was higher than or close to 90%even at 40℃, comparable or better than the lead formulation in WO2018211517, regardless of the used buffers, indicating good stabilization effect of the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations. Table 128 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 5 mM Histidine buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 129 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 130 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 50 mM Histidine buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 131 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 132 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 20 mM Acetate buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 133 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 50 mM Acetate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 134 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 5 mM Citrate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 135 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 136 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 50 mM Citrate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 137 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 138 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 139 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 140 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 5 mM Tris buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 141 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 142 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 143 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 144 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 20 mM Succinate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 145 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab in 50 mM Succinate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 10: Effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on ADC (Trastuzumab-MMAE, DAR8 Cysteine) stability at various temperatures.
[0109] This example tested the effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Trastuzumab-MMAE stability and compared it with the lead formulation (25 mM Phosphate, 81.2 mM of Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan) in WO2018211517.
[0110] Materials and Methods
[0111] The Trastuzumab-MMAE samples were produced by WuXi Biologics, as described in Example 4, and formulated as shown in Tables 146-163. The prepared samples were aseptically filtered with 0.22 μm PVDF membrane filters before filling. After filtration, samples were filled with a pipette to 2 mL vials, and the fill volume was 1.0 mL. Then the vials were stoppered and sealed and subjected to 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ chambers to start the stability assessment. Furthermore, there was a control group comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . After preparing the control group samples, the pH was adjusted to the target value using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. An additional control group, consisting solely of MilliQ water and the Trastuzumab-MMAE, was prepared as a blank. The pH of the blank group was also adjusted to match the target pH using the same method. To ascertain Trastuzumab-MMAE’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the Trastuzumab-MMAE solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Trastuzumab-MMAE without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.48 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0112] The test for protein stability was carried out over a 4-week period by SE-UPLC. Samples were prepared as described above. As shown in Tables 146-163, after 4 weeks, the monomer content of Trastuzumab-MMAE at a concentration from 100 to 300 mg / mL formulated with the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations was higher than or close to 90%even at 40℃, comparable or better than the lead formulation in WO2018211517, regardless of the used buffers, indicating good stabilization effect of the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations. Table 146 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Histidine buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 147 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 148 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Histidine buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 149 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 150 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Acetate buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 151 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Acetate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 152 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Citrate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 153 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 154 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Citrate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 155 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 156 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 157 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 158 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Tris buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 159 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 160 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 161 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 162 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 20 mM Succinate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 163 SE-UPLC results of formulated Trastuzumab-MMAE in 50 mM Succinate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid, 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 11: Effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept stability at various temperatures.
[0113] This example tested the effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Aflibercept stability and compared it with the lead formulation (25 mM Phosphate, 81.2 mM of Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan) in WO2018211517.
[0114] Materials and Methods
[0115] The Aflibercept samples were produced by WuXi Biologics, as described in Example 5, and formulated as shown in Tables 164-181. The prepared samples were aseptically filtered with 0.22 μm PVDF membrane filters before filling. After filtration, samples were filled with a pipette to 2 mL vials, and the fill volume was 1.0 mL. Then the vials were stoppered and sealed and subjected to 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ chambers to start the stability assessment. Furthermore, there was a control group comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . After preparing the control group samples, the pH was adjusted to the target value using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. An additional control group, consisting solely of MilliQ water and the protein, was prepared as a blank. The pH of the blank group was also adjusted to match the target pH using the same method. To ascertain Aflibercept’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against corresponding buffers containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Aflibercept without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.15 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0116] The test for protein stability was carried out over a 4-week period by SE-UPLC. Samples were prepared as described above. As shown in Tables 164-181, after 4 weeks, the monomer content of Aflibercept at a concentration of 100 to 300 mg / mL formulated with the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations was higher than 95%even at 40℃, comparable or better than the lead formulation in WO2018211517, regardless of the used buffers, indicating good stabilization effect of the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations. Table 164 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 5 mM Histidine buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 165 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 166 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 50 mM Histidine buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 167 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 5 mM Acetate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 168 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 20 mM Acetate buffer, pH 5.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 169 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 50 mM Acetate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 170 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 5 mM Citrate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 171 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 20 mM Citrate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 172 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 50 mM Citrate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 173 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 5 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 174 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 20 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 175 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 50 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 176 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 5 mM Tris buffer, pH 6.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 177 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 178 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 179 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 5 mM Succinate buffer, pH 4.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 180 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 20 mM Succinate buffer, pH 5.5 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Table 181 SE-UPLC results of formulated Aflibercept in 50 mM Succinate buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 5℃, 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. ) Example 12: Effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Rituximab stability in 20 mM histidine buffer, pH 6.0 at various temperatures.
[0117] This example tested the effect of viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations on Rituximab stability and compared it with the lead formulation (25 mM Phosphate, 81.2 mM of Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan) in WO2018211517.
[0118] Materials and Methods
[0119] Rituximab was produced by WuXi Biologics as described in Example 6, and formulated as indicated in Table 182. Through buffer exchange, Rituximab was transferred into ten test groups, encompassing eight with a 20 mM histidine pH 6.0 buffer, incorporating one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, respectively, in Table 182. Furthermore, there was a control group comprising 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, with 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid and 29.4 mM Tryptophan (matching the lead formulation 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 along with 10 mg / mL Nicotinic acid (acid form) and 6 mg / mL Tryptophan from Examples 14 and 16-21 in WO2018211517) . An additional control group solely consisted of a 20 mM histidine buffer pH 6.0 and the protein (as blank control) . The formulation containing Rituximab was subsequently concentrated to around 200 mg / mL (200 ± 5 mg / mL) using an Eppendorf centrifuge. To ascertain Rituximab’s concentration in the groups, absorbance at 280 nm combined with SE-UPLC was gauged against a histidine buffer containing a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing agent for excipient-containing samples, and absorbance at 280 nm was measured for the protein solution without a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation. For Rituximab without excipients, the buffer alone (i.e., devoid of excipients) served as a blank for protein concentration calculation. The extinction coefficient was measured at 1.65 (mg / mL) -1·cm-1.
[0120] Protein stability assessment, conducted over a 4-week period using SE-UPLC, utilized samples prepared as outlined previously. The data as shown in Table 182 demonstrated that Rituximab at a concentration of 200 ± 5 mg / mL, formulated with the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations, exhibited a monomer content higher than 93%, when stored even at 40℃for 4 weeks, comparable to or superior to the lead formulation in WO2018211517, indicating superior stabilization capacity of the tested viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulations to prevent protein aggregation during sample preparation and storage. Table 182 SE-UPLC results of formulated Rituximab in 20 mM Histidine buffer, pH 6.0 stored at 25℃ and 40℃ for 4 weeks. (25 mM phosphate buffer, 81.2 mM Nicotinic acid (acid form) , 29.4 mM Tryptophan, pH 6.0, the lead formulation from WO2018211517, is used as control. )
[0121] Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or central attributes thereof. In that the foregoing description of the present invention discloses only exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that other variations are contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments that have been described in detail herein. Rather, reference should be made to the appended claims as indicative of the scope and content of the invention.
Claims
1.A viscosity-reducing and stabilizing liquid formulation, selected from:(a) 30-300 mM Arginine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(b) 30-300 mM Histidine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(c) 30-300 mM Meglumine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(d) 30-300 mM Lysine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(e) 30-300 mM Arginine·HCl and 30-300 mM Niacinamide; or(f) 30-300 mM Histidine and 30-300 mM Niacinamide; or(g) 30-300 mM Meglumine and 30-300 mM Niacinamide; or(h) 30-300 mM Lysine·HCl and 30-300 mM Niacinamide.2.A pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation, comprising:(i) one or more protein agents;(ii) a suitable buffer system;(iii) a viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation selected from:(a) 30-300 mM Arginine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(b) 30-300 mM Histidine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(c) 30-300 mM Meglumine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(d) 30-300 mM Lysine and 30-300 mM Niacin; or(e) 30-300 mM Arginine·HCl and 30-300 mM Niacinamide; or(f) 30-300 mM Histidine and 30-300 mM Niacinamide; or(g) 30-300 mM Meglumine and 30-300 mM Niacinamide; or(h) 30-300 mM Lysine·HCl and 30-300 mM Niacinamide;wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation has a pH between about 4.5 and 7.5, increased stability, and a viscosity less than 100 cP as measured at 20 ℃.3.The protein agent formulation of claim 2, wherein the protein agents have a molecular weight from about 50 kDa to about 250 kDa and at a concentration from about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL, preferably from about 100 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL.4.The protein agent formulation of claim 2, wherein the protein agent is a therapeutic protein, including peptide or polypeptide, preferably an immunoglobulin, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, or fusion protein, or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , more preferably a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, for example, Pembrolizumab, Adalimumab, Trastuzumab, Aflibercept, or Rituximab.5.The protein agent formulation of claim 2, wherein the buffer system is selected from histidine buffer, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, tris buffer, succinate buffer, or any combination thereof.6.The protein agent formulation of claim 5, wherein the buffer system is selected from:(1) histidine buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 5.0 to 7.0;(2) acetate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0;(3) citrate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0;(4) phosphate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5;(5) tris buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5; or(6) Succinate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0.7.The protein agent formulation of claim 2, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable protein agent formulation further comprises other excipients or additives, for example, selected from: aggregation-reducing agents, sugars or sugar alcohols, polysaccharides, stabilizers, hyaluronidase, buffering agents, preservatives, carriers, antioxidants, chelating agents, natural or synthetic polymers, cryoprotectants, lyoprotectants, surfactants, bulking agents, acidifying agents, ingredients to reduce injection site discomfort, antifoaming agents, alkalizing agents, vehicles, solubilizing agents, tonicity modifiers, or stabilizing agents and combinations thereof.8.The protein agent formulation of claim 2, wherein the protein agent formulation is administrated by parenteral administration, for example, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.9.The protein agent formulation of claim 2, wherein the protein agent formulation is a liquid formulation, for example, in aqueous liquid form or a non-aqueous liquid form, or the protein agent formulation is in a lyophilized form.10.A method for reducing viscosity and increasing the stability of a formulation comprising a protein agent, comprising: adding a viscosity-reducing amount of any one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation according to claim 1 to the formulation comprising a protein agent,wherein the final formulation comprising a protein agent has a viscosity less than 100 cP as measured at 20 ℃.11.A method for preparing a liquid formulation comprising a protein agent with high concentration of a protein agent, high stability and low viscosity, comprising:(i) dissolving the protein agent in a buffer; and(ii) adding any one of the viscosity-reducing and stabilizing formulation according to claim 1;wherein the liquid formulation has a viscosity less than 100 cP as measured at 20 ℃.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the buffer is selected from histidine buffer, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, tris buffer, succinate buffer, or any combination thereof.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the buffer is selected from:(1) histidine buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 5.0 to 7.0;(2) acetate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0;(3) citrate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0;(4) phosphate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5;(5) tris buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 6.5 to 7.5; or(6) Succinate buffer at a concentration from about 5 mM to about 50 mM and at a pH 4.5 to 6.0.14.The method of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the protein agent is a therapeutic protein, including peptide or polypeptide, preferably an immunoglobulin, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, or a fusion protein, or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , more preferably a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, for example, Adalimumab, Trastuzumab, Aflibercept, or Rituximab.15.The method of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the protein agent is at a concentration from about 10 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL, preferably from about 100 mg / mL to about 300 mg / mL.16.The method of claim10 or claim 11, wherein the formulation comprising a protein agent is administrated by parenteral administration, for example, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.17.The method of claim10 or claim 11, wherein the formulation comprising a protein agent is in aqueous liquid form or a non-aqueous liquid form.18.The method of claim10 or claim 11, wherein the formulation comprising a protein agent can be lyophilized.19.The method of claim10 or claim 11, wherein the formulation comprising a protein agent further comprises other excipients or additives, for example, selected from: aggregation-reducing agents, sugars or sugar alcohols, polysaccharides, stabilizers, hyaluronidase, buffering agents, preservatives, carriers, antioxidants, chelating agents, natural or synthetic polymers, cryoprotectants, lyoprotectants, surfactants, bulking agents, acidifying agents, ingredients to reduce injection site discomfort, antifoaming agents, alkalizing agents, vehicles, solubilizing agents, tonicity modifiers, or stabilizing agents and combinations thereof.20.The method of claim10 or claim 11, wherein the formulation comprising a protein agent has reduced protein aggregation during preparation and storage.
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