High-yield ecological grape planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological planting, and discloses a high-yield ecological grape planting method which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a seedling raising field; (2) selection and treatment of cutting slips; (3) cutting slips are cut; (5) germination and shoot period; (6) flowering period; according to the method, prepared root fixing water is adopted and immediately applied after grape cuttings are cut, the method plays an important role in improving the survival rate of the grape cuttings, in the initial cutting stage of the grape cuttings, root systems are not formed or are not developed, the water absorption capacity is weak, soil particles can fully absorb water and are tightly combined, and the survival rate of the grape cuttings is increased. Air circulation in soil pores is reduced, so that the evaporation speed of soil moisture is reduced, a continuous and stable moist environment is provided for the cutting slips, and the cutting slips are prevented from being withered and dead due to water shortage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological planting, in particular to a planting method for high-yield ecological grapes. Background Art

[0002] Grape (scientific name: Vitis vinifera L.) is a tall twining vine of the genus Vitis in the family Vitaceae. The young stems are bare or slightly covered with cotton wool. The leaves are papery, oval or round. The inflorescence is large and long. The calyx is very small, yellow-green cup-shaped. The style is very short and conical. The berries are oval to oval-oblong, purple-black or red with green when ripe. The flowering period is June; the fruiting period is September-October. Li Shizhen said in "Compendium of Materia Medica": Grapes, which are called sycamores in "Book of Han", can be used to make wine. People will be intoxicated when drinking them, so they have this name.

[0003] Grapes are native to West Asia and were introduced to China during the Western Han Dynasty. They are now distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces in China. Grapes like warm, dry and well-ventilated environments, like plenty of sunlight, have a certain degree of cold resistance, are not strict with soil quality, and are suitable for loose and fertile sandy soil. The main method of reproduction is division, and it can also be propagated by cuttings. Grapes have the effects of replenishing qi and blood, relaxing tendons and collaterals, and promoting urination. It is mainly used to treat qi and blood deficiency, lung deficiency cough, palpitations and night sweats, thirst, rheumatism, gonorrhea, edema, and acne. It has strong anti-cancer properties.

[0004] The grapes planted by the existing technology are mostly fertilized and planted with chemical fertilizers. Although the fertilizer efficiency is high in the short term, after long-term use, it will cause the soil to become compacted, which is not conducive to the subsequent growth of the grapes, resulting in a significant reduction in the yield of the grapes.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention provides a method for growing high-yield ecological grapes to solve the corresponding problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for planting high-yield ecological grapes.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a high-yield ecological grape planting method, comprising:

[0008] (1) Selection of nursery ground: Choose a plot with an altitude of 300-400 meters, an average sunshine time of 6-8 hours, a slope of 10-20 degrees, fertile soil, and apply basal fertilizer;

[0009] (2) Selection and processing of cuttings: In early March, select fully mature, lignified, one-year-old branches and cut them into cuttings 35 cm long;

[0010] (3) Cuttings: Insert the cuttings into the nursery ground to a depth of 5 cm and water them to establish roots;

[0011] Introducing a rooting aid into the rooting water;

[0012] (5) Bud and new shoot stage: Apply bacterial fertilizer two weeks after the buds begin to germinate;

[0013] (6) Flowering period: The flowering period lasts for 7 to 12 days, including topdressing with bacterial fertilizer, tying up vines, pinching, removing side shoots, and improving ventilation and light conditions.

[0014] As a further technical solution: the amount of base fertilizer applied is 5-6 kg per plant.

[0015] As a further technical solution: the base fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0016] 20-30 parts of decomposed pig manure, 15-18 parts of decomposed cow manure, 3-5 parts of earthworm manure, 18-20 parts of straw powder, 1-2 parts of sludge, and 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake.

[0017] As a further technical solution: the straw powder is obtained by mixing corn straw, cotton straw and wheat straw in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 and then crushing them.

[0018] As a further technical solution: the preparation method of the rooting aid is:

[0019] After mixing the decomposed cow dung and water, the mixture was beaten at a speed of 5500 r / min for 10 min, and then filtered to remove the filter residue to obtain a filtrate;

[0020] Adding sodium molybdate to the filtrate, stirring and mixing evenly to obtain a rooting aid;

[0021] The content of the rooting aid in the rooting water is 10-12wt%.

[0022] As a further technical solution: the decomposed cow dung and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5;

[0023] The ratio of the filtrate to sodium molybdate is 120 mL: 0.3-0.5 g.

[0024] As a further technical solution: the bacterial fertilizer is a mixture of bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth;

[0025] Among them, the mixing mass ratio of the bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth is 1:5-6.

[0026] As a further technical solution: the bacterial agent includes: denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1;

[0027] The total number of live bacteria in the microbial agent shall be ≥ 10 billion / mL, and the effective number of live bacteria in a single bacterium shall be ≥ 200 million / mL.

[0028] As a further technical solution: During the budding and new shoot stage: the amount of topdressing fertilizer is 0.3-0.5kg / plant;

[0029] Flowering period: including topdressing of bacterial fertilizer, the usage amount is 0.8-1.0kg / plant.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] The present invention adopts the prepared rooting water, and immediately applies it after the grape cuttings are cut, which plays an important role in improving the survival rate of the grape cuttings. In the early stage of cutting, the root system of the grape cuttings has not yet formed or is underdeveloped, and the water absorption capacity is weak. By adopting the rooting water of the present invention, the soil particles can fully absorb water and be closely combined, and the air circulation in the soil pores is reduced, thereby reducing the evaporation rate of soil moisture, providing a continuous and stable moist environment for the cuttings, and preventing the cuttings from drying up and dying due to lack of water. The rooting water prepared by the present invention can stimulate the division and differentiation of the cells at the base of the cuttings, promote the formation and growth of adventitious roots, and the active ingredients contained therein also have a certain promoting effect on the growth and rooting of the cuttings.

[0032] The rooting water prepared by the present invention can keep the soil aerated to a certain extent. After watering, the water in the soil will occupy a part of the pores, but at the same time, the soil particles will be rearranged to form some pores of moderate size, which is conducive to the circulation of air in the soil. This provides sufficient oxygen for the breathing of the root system of the cuttings and promotes the growth and development of the root system.

[0033] By applying bacterial fertilizer, denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis can secrete extracellular polysaccharides and other substances to bind soil particles together to form stable aggregates, improve soil aeration and water permeability, and facilitate the growth and extension of grape roots. Denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis in bacterial fertilizer can decompose organic matter in the soil, such as animal and plant residues, organic fertilizers, etc., and convert them into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by grapes, thereby improving soil fertility. Denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis in bacterial fertilizer can expand the absorption range of the root system and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients by grapes. The coordinated action of denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis can increase the chlorophyll content in grape leaves, enhance the light reaction and dark reaction process of photosynthesis, thereby improving the photosynthesis efficiency of grapes, increasing the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and providing a material basis for increasing grape yields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A high-yield ecological grape planting method comprising:

[0037] (1) Selection of nursery site: Select a site with an altitude of 300-400 meters, an average sunshine time of 6-8 hours, a slope of 10-20 degrees, and fertile soil, and apply basal fertilizer; the amount of basal fertilizer applied is 5 kg per plant.

[0038] The base fertilizer comprises the following ingredients by weight:

[0039] 20 parts of decomposed pig manure, 15 parts of decomposed cow dung, 3 parts of earthworm manure, 18 parts of straw powder, 1 part of biogas residue, and 5 parts of cottonseed cake.

[0040] The straw powder is obtained by mixing corn straw, cotton straw and wheat straw in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 and then crushing them.

[0041] (2) Selection and processing of cuttings: In early March, select fully mature, lignified, one-year-old branches and cut them into cuttings 35 cm long;

[0042] (3) Cuttings: Insert the cuttings into the nursery ground to a depth of 5 cm and water them to establish roots;

[0043] The rooting aid is introduced into the rooting water, and 100 mL of the rooting water is used for irrigation per plant; the preparation method of the rooting aid is as follows:

[0044] After mixing the decomposed cow dung and water, the mixture was beaten at a speed of 5500 r / min for 10 min, and then filtered to remove the filter residue to obtain a filtrate;

[0045] Adding sodium molybdate to the filtrate, stirring and mixing evenly to obtain a rooting aid;

[0046] The content of the rooting aid in the rooting water is 10wt%.

[0047] Mix decomposed cow dung and water in a mass ratio of 1:5;

[0048] The ratio of the filtrate to sodium molybdate is 120 mL:0.3 g.

[0049] (5) Bud and new shoot stage: two weeks after the buds begin to germinate, apply bacterial fertilizer: the amount of bacterial fertilizer applied is 0.3 kg / plant;

[0050] (6) Flowering period: The flowering period lasts for 7 to 12 days, including topdressing of bacterial fertilizer, vine tying, pinching, removal of side shoots, and improving ventilation and light conditions; the amount of topdressing bacterial fertilizer used is 0.8 kg / plant.

[0051] The bacterial fertilizer is a mixture of bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth;

[0052] Among them, the mixing mass ratio of bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth is 1:5.

[0053] The bacterial agent includes: denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1;

[0054] The total number of live bacteria in the microbial agent shall be ≥ 10 billion / mL, and the effective number of live bacteria in a single bacterium shall be ≥ 200 million / mL.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the base fertilizer includes the following components by weight:

[0057] 25 parts of decomposed pig manure, 16 parts of decomposed cow dung, 4 parts of earthworm manure, 19 parts of straw powder, 1.2 parts of biogas residue, and 6 parts of cottonseed cake.

[0058] The straw powder is obtained by mixing corn straw, cotton straw and wheat straw in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 and then crushing them.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the base fertilizer includes the following components by weight:

[0061] 30 parts of decomposed pig manure, 18 parts of decomposed cow dung, 5 parts of earthworm manure, 20 parts of straw powder, 2 parts of biogas residue, and 8 parts of cottonseed cake.

[0062] The straw powder is obtained by mixing corn straw, cotton straw and wheat straw in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 and then crushing them.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the preparation method of the rooting auxiliary agent is:

[0065] After mixing the decomposed cow dung and water, the mixture was beaten at a speed of 5500 r / min for 10 min, and then filtered to remove the filter residue to obtain a filtrate;

[0066] Adding sodium molybdate to the filtrate, stirring and mixing evenly to obtain a rooting aid;

[0067] The content of the rooting aid in the rooting water is 12wt%.

[0068] Mix decomposed cow dung and water in a mass ratio of 1:5;

[0069] The ratio of the filtrate to sodium molybdate is 120 mL:0.5 g.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is as follows: (5) Bud and new shoot period: two weeks after the buds begin to germinate, apply bacterial fertilizer: the amount of bacterial fertilizer applied is 0.4 kg / plant;

[0072] (6) Flowering period: The flowering period lasts for 7 to 12 days, including topdressing of bacterial fertilizer, vine tying, pinching, removal of side shoots, and improving ventilation and light conditions; the amount of topdressing bacterial fertilizer used is 0.9 kg / plant.

[0073] The bacterial fertilizer is a mixture of bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth;

[0074] Among them, the mixing mass ratio of bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth is 1:5.5.

[0075] Comparative Example 1:

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that no rooting aid is added to the rooting water.

[0077] Comparative Example 2:

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that Trichoderma reesei is not added to the bacterial fertilizer.

[0079] test

[0080] Planting was carried out using the methods in Example and Comparative Example 1, with 100 grape cuttings from the same batch used in each group, and the survival rates of the groups were compared:

[0081] Table 1

[0082] Survival rate% Example 1 100 Example 2 98 Example 3 100 Example 4 100 Example 5 99 Comparative Example 1 91

[0083] It can be seen from Table 1 that the method of the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of grape cuttings by adding a rooting aid to the rooting water.

[0084] The yield of grapes planted by the embodiment and the comparative example methods in the first year was statistically analyzed and compared:

[0085] Table 2

[0086] <![CDATA[Output kg / m 2 > Example 1 18.65 Example 2 17.94 Example 3 17.88 Example 4 18.03 Example 5 18.12 Comparative Example 1 18.57 Comparative Example 2 15.06

[0087] It can be seen from Table 2 that the yield of grapes harvested by the planting method of the present invention is significantly improved.

[0088] The quality of the first-year grapes harvested by the embodiment and the comparative example was tested and compared:

[0089] Table 3

[0090]

[0091] It can be seen from Table 3 that the grapes grown by the method of the present invention have higher quality, larger size and better quality.

[0092] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for growing high-yield ecological grapes, characterized in that: include: (1) Selection of nursery ground: Choose a plot with an altitude of 300-400 meters, an average sunshine time of 6-8 hours, a slope of 10-20 degrees, fertile soil, and apply basal fertilizer; (2) Selection and processing of cuttings: In early March, select fully mature, lignified, one-year-old branches and cut them into cuttings 35 cm long; (3) Cuttings: Insert the cuttings into the nursery ground to a depth of 5 cm and water them to establish roots; Introducing a rooting aid into the rooting water; (5) Bud and new shoot stage: Apply bacterial fertilizer two weeks after the buds begin to germinate; (6) Flowering period: The flowering period lasts for 7 to 12 days, including topdressing with bacterial fertilizer, tying vines, pinching, removing side shoots, and improving ventilation and light conditions.

2. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer application rate is 5-6 kg per plant.

3. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 2 is characterized by: The base fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 20-30 parts of decomposed pig manure, 15-18 parts of decomposed cow manure, 3-5 parts of earthworm manure, 18-20 parts of straw powder, 1-2 parts of sludge, and 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake.

4. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 3 is characterized by: The straw powder is obtained by mixing corn straw, cotton straw and wheat straw in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 and then crushing them.

5. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the rooting auxiliary agent is as follows: After mixing the decomposed cow dung and water, the mixture was beaten at a speed of 5500 r / min for 10 min, and then filtered to remove the filter residue to obtain a filtrate; Adding sodium molybdate to the filtrate, stirring and mixing evenly to obtain a rooting aid; The content of the rooting aid in the rooting water is 10-12wt%.

6. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 5 is characterized by: The decomposed cow dung and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5; The ratio of the filtrate to sodium molybdate is 120 mL: 0.3-0.5 g.

7. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bacterial fertilizer is made of a mixture of bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth; Among them, the mixing mass ratio of the bacterial agent and diatomaceous earth is 1:5-6.

8. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 7 is characterized by: Bacterial agents include: The mass ratio of denitrifying bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, and Bacillus subtilis is 1:2:2:1; The total number of live bacteria in the microbial agent shall be ≥ 10 billion / mL, and the effective number of live bacteria in a single bacterium shall be ≥ 200 million / mL.

9. The high-yield ecological grape planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the budding and new shoot stage: the amount of topdressing fertilizer is 0.3-0.5kg / plant; Flowering period: including topdressing of bacterial fertilizer, the usage amount is 0.8-1.0kg / plant.

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