Cultivation method for controlling tips and promoting flower bud differentiation of syzygium samarangense

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for controlling tips and promoting flower bud differentiation of syzygium samarangense, and belongs to the technical field of tip control cultivation of syzygium samarangense. The method comprises the following steps: slightly shearing 70-80 days before flower forcing in the wax apple production period, applying a phosphorus-potassium-silicon mixed fertilizer in holes on the ground, and applying the fertilizer once every 15 days, totally twice; then a mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is sprayed to leaf surfaces and drips water, spraying is conducted once every 15 days, and spraying is conducted 2-3 times in total; after spraying is conducted for 5-7 days, closed girdling is conducted, after 40-45 days, a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and a plant nutrition regulator is used for spraying, spraying is conducted once every 15 days, and spraying is conducted 1-2 times in total. The silicon fertilizer is mixed and added in the fertilizer and water management period to assist in increasing the absorption and utilization rate of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; besides, through the synergistic effect of tip control, trunk girdling and a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and a plant nutrition regulator, syzygium samarangense plants are stable, flower bud differentiation is promoted, meanwhile, the method has the characteristics of disease resistance, disease prevention, high flower forcing and flowering rate and large inflorescence amount, and the important effects of annual flowering and fruiting and promotion of syzygium samarangense industry synergy can be achieved; the method has the advantages of simple operation process, high efficiency, stability, few use times and labor cost saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling the shoot growth of wax apples, and specifically to a cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth of wax apples to promote flower bud differentiation. Background Art

[0002] Wax apple (Syzygium javanica) belongs to the genus Syzygium of the Myrtaceae family and is a typical perennial evergreen tropical fruit tree. It is rich in vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum. It is a fruit with comprehensive nutrition and is known as the "fruit emperor". It is native to the Malay Peninsula and the Andaman Islands. Currently, it is cultivated in Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Sichuan in China.

[0003] Under natural conditions, wax apples generally have spring flowers and summer fruits. The fruiting period (May - July) is affected by the high-temperature and high-humidity environment, with many pests and diseases, low fruit quality, and weak market competitiveness. The average selling price is 10 - 20 yuan / kg. However, through the adjustment of the production period technology, the off-season fruits from November of each year to April of the following year have fewer pests and diseases, and the fruits are large, crispy, with less water, high sugar content, and dark fruit color. This not only improves the fruit quality but also regulates the market supply and demand, with a high economic price. The average selling price is 40 - 60 yuan / kg, which can well promote the development of wax apples. Therefore, how to promote the early flowering of wax apples to adjust the production period and avoid the rainy season has become the most important link in wax apple cultivation. And inhibiting the vegetative growth of wax apples and promoting the plant to store nutrients and transform them into flower bud differentiation is the key technology in the production period regulation.

[0004] Currently, there are three cultivation methods for promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples. One is to cultivate 2 - 3 batches of new shoots after pruning, and cover the black net about 40 days in advance according to the flower forcing period. By restricting the light path, the wax apple plants are forced to go dormant and stop growing. Before covering the black net, pests and diseases need to be thoroughly removed. If not removed cleanly, it is easy to breed more pests and diseases, and it is inconvenient to carry out prevention and control after covering the black net. In addition, certain phosphorus and potassium fertilizers still need to be supplemented to the plants during the period of covering the black net. Therefore, the disadvantage of the black net method is that it requires more labor and agricultural resources costs, and it is not easy to master the time of covering the black net. If the time is too long, the plants will have serious defoliation, and a large number of buds are not easy to flower. Coupled with the weakness of the tree body, it will affect the future yield. One is to spray a mixture of plant growth hormones in an aqueous solution, which is a mixture of SNA, 2,4-D, paclobutrazol, and chlormequat chloride. However, currently, 2,4-D has been prohibited by the state, and this method is no longer applicable to the current development. One is to use high-concentration (200 - 400 times) organophosphorus insecticides (such as chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, etc.). This method requires spraying high-concentration organophosphorus pesticides. If used improperly, it will cause large-area defoliation and branch drying, posing safety problems to both humans and the tree body, and not meeting the requirements of organic cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Controlling shoots and promoting flowering is one of the key technologies in the efficient, high-quality and high-yield cultivation of fruit trees. Its purpose is to control vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, and promote flower bud differentiation, thereby achieving the goal of high yield.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention provides a cultivation method for controlling shoots and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Light pruning should be carried out 70 to 80 days before the date of flowering in the wax apple production period. Light pruning is required to thin out the overgrown branches on the upper layer of the crown, remove the overgrown branches in the inner hall, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches and dry and diseased branches. After light pruning, spray the entire garden with fungicide once.

[0008] (2) digging two strip trenches 30 cm wide and 30-45 cm deep at the drip line of the wax apple tree, applying 3-4 kg of superphosphate, 1-1.5 kg of potassium chloride and 200-300 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer to wax apple plants over 5 years old, and reducing the corresponding phosphorus, potassium and silicon fertilizer amounts to 1.5-2 kg, 0.5-0.8 kg and 100-150 g per plant for 3-4 years old fruiting trees, respectively, and then covering with soil, and applying fertilizer once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times;

[0009] (3) Use a mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol to spray the entire garden until water drips onto the leaves. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 to 3 times.

[0010] (4) 5-7 days after leaf control, perform closed ring barking on the main trunk at about 25cm to 30cm above the ground. The width of the ring barking for trees over 5 years old is 1.0cm to 1.5cm, and the width of the ring barking for fruiting trees 3 to 4 years old is between 0.60cm and 1.0cm.

[0011] (5) After 40 to 45 days of shoot control, the whole garden is sprayed with a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormones and plant nutrient regulators, once every 15 days, for a total of 1 to 2 times; the plant growth hormones include sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulators include potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), light pruning is performed to make the branches of the plant short and distinct in layers, and the spaces are arranged to avoid overlapping, so that the interior of the crown is well lighted and ventilated.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), 3kg of superphosphate mixed with 1kg of potassium chloride and 200g of 50wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer is applied to wax apple plants over 5 years old in holes near the drip line of the crown. For fruiting trees aged 3 to 4 years, the corresponding phosphorus, potassium and silicon fertilizer amounts are reduced to 1.5kg, 0.5kg and 100g per plant, respectively.

[0014] Further, in step (3), the concentration of the potassium phosphite solution in the mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 3.3 - 5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20 - 30 ppm.

[0015] Further, in step (4), 5 - 7 days after spraying the mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite solution and paclobutrazol during the shoot control period, a closed ring girdling is performed on the main trunk at a position about 25 cm - 30 cm above the ground. For trees over 5 years old, the width of the ring girdling is 1.0 cm - 1.5 cm, and for fruit - bearing trees aged 3 - 4 years, the width of the ring girdling is 0.60 cm - 1.0 cm.

[0016] Further, in step (5), the concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormone is 2.4 - 3.6 ppm, and the concentration of 6 - benzylaminopurine is 3.6 - 5 ppm; in the plant nutrient regulator, the concentration of potassium enolphosphate is 3 - 5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.02 - 0.04 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.02 - 0.04 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 10 - 20 g / L.

[0017] Further, in steps (3) and (5), a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer is used for spraying during spraying, until the leaves are dripping with water.

[0018] During the fertilizer and water management period of the present invention, silicon fertilizer is added to increase the fertilizer efficiency, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, assist the absorption and utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, increase the photosynthesis of crops, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of crops, and promote the growth of crops.

[0019] During the shoot control period, after ring girdling the tree body, a potassium phosphite solution is sprayed by leaf spraying to reduce the use amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the ground, that is, it reduces the impact of chemical fertilizers on the land and improves the absorption effect and absorption speed of fertilizer elements. At the same time, spraying the mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol on the leaf surface can not only supplement the nutrients required for crop growth, increase the disease resistance of plants, but also significantly inhibit the growth of later - stage branches of wax apples, and at the same time reduce the number of applications and dosage of paclobutrazol, reducing the risk of phytotoxicity caused by single - use of paclobutrazol.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics of increasing fertilizer efficiency, reducing the input of chemical fertilizers, and better promoting flower bud differentiation of crops.

[0021] Compared with the existing technology, what are the advantages of the present invention:

[0022] (1) The present invention combines the techniques of controlling shoots and promoting flowering with trunk ring cutting, sprays a mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol after tree ring cutting, reduces the use of organophosphorus pesticides, and controls the vegetative growth of wax apples, promotes reproductive growth and flower bud differentiation, and can achieve the effect of high-efficiency, high-quality and high-yield fruit tree cultivation, with a high flowering rate, large and neat inflorescences, and plays an important role in promoting the efficiency of the wax apple industry. The present invention has the characteristics of simple operation and configuration, low cost, safety, pollution-free, high efficiency and stability.

[0023] (2) The present invention performs closed ring barking on the trunk at a height of about 25 cm to 30 cm from the ground 5 to 7 days after spraying the potassium phosphite aqueous solution and the paclobutrazol mixed aqueous solution during the shoot control period to promote flower bud differentiation of the wax apple plant. At the same time, during the period of promoting flower bud differentiation, a plant nutrition regulator is prepared with a mixture of potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and glucose, which can efficiently and stably promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products in the tree, slow down and inhibit the vegetative growth of the wax apple plant, promote the reproductive growth of the wax apple, and achieve the effect of stably promoting flower bud differentiation.

[0024] (3) During the period of promoting flower bud differentiation, the present invention adds sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine plant growth hormone to the aqueous solution of a mixture of potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and glucose, which can promote the repair of damaged branches of wax apples and the differentiation and formation of new organs, promote flower bud differentiation, and at the same time supplement the nutrients required for flower bud differentiation, enhance stress resistance, reduce the use of organophosphorus pesticides, and has the characteristics of ecological safety, biological safety, food safety, etc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the described contents.

[0026] Embodiments 1-4 are cultivation methods for controlling shoots and promoting flowering of 3-year-old wax apples, and embodiments 5-8 are cultivation methods for controlling shoots and promoting flowering of 15-year-old wax apples.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A cultivation method for controlling the shoots of wax apples and promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Light pruning: Light pruning should be carried out 70 days before the date of flowering in the wax apple production period. Light pruning is required to thin out the overgrown branches on the upper layer of the crown, remove the dominant branches in the inner hall, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches and dry and diseased branches.

[0030] (2) Sprinkle a mixture of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the ground: Apply 1.5 kg of superphosphate, 0.8 kg of potassium chloride and 150 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer to each hole near the drip line of the tree crown. Apply the fertilizer once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times.

[0031] (3) Controlling shoot growth by foliar spraying of potassium phosphite aqueous solution: On the day of applying the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer on the ground, use a mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol to spray the whole garden until the leaves are dripping wet. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; the concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20 ppm. When spraying, use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0032] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol, conduct a closed girdling on the main trunk at a position about 25 cm - 30 cm above the ground, and the width of the girdling is 0.60 cm.

[0033] (5) Foliar spraying of a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator: 45 days after controlling shoot growth, spray the whole garden with a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; the plant growth hormone includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulator includes potassium enolphosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormone is 3.0 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 4 ppm; the concentration of potassium enolphosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.04 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.02 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 15 g / L.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A cultivation method for controlling shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) Light pruning: Conduct light pruning 75 days before the flower forcing date for the wax apple's production period regulation. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the overgrown branches in the upper layer of the tree crown, cut off the dominant branches in the inner cavity, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, and dry and diseased branches.

[0037] (2) Applying phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer on the ground: Near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 1.8 kg of superphosphate, 0.6 kg of potassium chloride, and 150 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer per plant by hole application. Fertilize once every 15 days for a total of 2 times.

[0038] (3) Controlling shoot growth by foliar spraying of potassium phosphite aqueous solution: On the day of applying the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer on the ground, use a mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol to spray the whole garden until the leaves are dripping wet. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times. The concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 4 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20 ppm. When spraying, use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0039] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol, conduct a closed girdling on the main trunk at a position about 25 cm - 30 cm above the ground, and the width of the girdling is 0.60 cm.

[0040] (5) Foliar spraying of a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and plant nutrient regulators: After 45 days of shoot control, the whole garden is sprayed with a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and plant nutrient regulators, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times. The auxin includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulators include potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose; the concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the auxin is 3.0 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 5.0 ppm; the concentration of potassium phosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 4 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.03 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.03 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 10 g / L.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A cultivation method for controlling the shoots of wax apples and promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following steps:

[0043] (1) Light pruning: Light pruning should be carried out 80 days before the date of flowering in the wax apple production period. Light pruning is required to thin out the overgrown branches on the upper layer of the crown, remove the dominant branches in the inner hall, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches and dry and diseased branches.

[0044] (2) Sprinkle a mixture of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the ground: Sprinkle 2 kg of superphosphate, 0.8 kg of potassium chloride and 100 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer on each plant near the drip line of the tree crown. Sprinkle the fertilizer once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times.

[0045] (3) Foliar spraying of potassium phosphite solution for shoot control: Sprinkle potassium phosphate fertilizer on the ground for one day, and then spray the whole garden with a mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol until water drips on the leaves. After 15 days, spray the whole garden for the second time, for a total of 2 times; the potassium phosphite concentration in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5g / L, and the paclobutrazol concentration is 25ppm. Use a backpack sprayer or mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0046] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol mixed solution, perform closed-end girdling on the trunk about 25 cm to 30 cm above the ground with a 0.80 cm width.

[0047] (5) Foliar spraying of a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and plant nutrient regulators: After 45 days of shoot control, the whole garden is sprayed with a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and plant nutrient regulators, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times; the auxin includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulators include potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the auxin is 3.6ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 4ppm; the concentration of potassium phosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 3g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.04mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.02mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 20g / L.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] A cultivation method for controlling the growth of wax apple shoots and promoting flower bud differentiation includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Light pruning: Conduct light pruning 80 days before the flowering induction date for the wax apple's production period regulation. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the overgrown branches in the upper layer of the tree crown, cut off the dominant branches in the inner cavity, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, and dry and diseased branches.

[0051] (2) Applying phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer on the ground: Near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 2 kg of superphosphate, 0.8 kg of potassium chloride, and 150 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer per plant by hole application. Apply the fertilizer once every 15 days for a total of 2 times.

[0052] (3) Spraying potassium phosphite aqueous solution on the leaves to control shoot growth: On the day of applying the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer on the ground, spray the whole garden with a mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol until the leaves are dripping. After 15 days, conduct the second spraying. The concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 30 ppm. When spraying, use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0053] (4) Girdling the tree trunk: 5 days after the first spraying of the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol, conduct a closed girdling on the main trunk at a position about 25 cm - 30 cm above the ground. The width of the girdling is 1.00 cm.

[0054] (5) Spraying a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator on the leaves: 45 days after controlling shoot growth, spray the whole garden with a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; The plant growth hormone includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; The plant nutrient regulator includes potassium enolphosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormone is 2.4 ppm, the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 5.0 ppm, the concentration of potassium enolphosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.03 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.03 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 15 g / L.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] A cultivation method for controlling the growth of wax apple shoots and promoting flower bud differentiation includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) Light pruning: Conduct light pruning 70 days before the flowering induction date for the wax apple's production period regulation. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the overgrown branches in the upper layer of the tree crown, cut off the dominant branches in the inner cavity, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, and dry and diseased branches.

[0058] (2) Soil application of phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer: Near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 3 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of potassium chloride, and 300 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer per plant by hole application respectively. Apply the fertilizer once every 15 days for a total of 2 times.

[0059] (3) Spraying potassium phosphite aqueous solution on the leaf surface to control shoot growth: On the day of soil application of phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer, use the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol to spray the whole garden until the leaves are dripping. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; the concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20 ppm. When spraying, use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0060] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol, conduct a closed girdling on the main trunk at a position about 25 cm - 30 cm above the ground. The width of the girdling is 1.50 cm.

[0061] (5) Spraying the mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator on the leaf surface: 45 days after controlling shoot growth, spray the mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator on the whole garden. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; the plant growth hormone includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulator includes potassium enolphosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormone is 3.0 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 4 ppm; the concentration of potassium enolphosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.04 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.02 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 15 g / L.

[0062] Example 6

[0063] A cultivation method for controlling shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0064] (1) Light pruning: Conduct light pruning 75 days before the flower forcing date for the wax apple's production period regulation. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the overgrown branches in the upper layer of the tree crown, cut off the dominant branches in the inner chamber, overlapping branches, overly dense branches, and dry and diseased branches.

[0065] (2) Soil application of phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer: Near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 3.5 kg of superphosphate, 1.3 kg of potassium chloride, and 250 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer per plant by hole application respectively. Apply the fertilizer once every 15 days for a total of 2 times.

[0066] (3) Spraying potassium phosphite aqueous solution on the leaf surface to control shoot growth: On the day of soil application of phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer, use the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol to spray the whole garden until the leaves are dripping. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; the concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 4 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 30 ppm. When spraying, use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0067] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol mixed solution, perform closed ring barking on the trunk about 25 cm to 30 cm above the ground, with a ring barking width of 1.20 cm.

[0068] (5) Foliar spraying of a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and plant nutrient regulators: After 45 days of shoot control, the whole garden is sprayed with a mixed aqueous solution of auxin and plant nutrient regulators, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times; the auxin includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulators include potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the auxin is 3.0 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 5.0 ppm; the concentration of potassium phosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 4 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.03 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.03 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 10 g / L.

[0069] Example 7

[0070] A cultivation method for controlling the shoots of wax apples and promoting flower bud differentiation comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) Light pruning: Light pruning should be carried out 80 days before the date of flowering in the wax apple production period. Light pruning is required to thin out the overgrown branches on the upper layer of the crown, remove the dominant branches in the inner hall, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches and dry and diseased branches.

[0072] (2) Sprinkle a mixture of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the ground: Sprinkle 3.8 kg of superphosphate, 1.1 kg of potassium chloride and 200 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer on each plant near the drip line of the tree crown. Sprinkle the fertilizer once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times.

[0073] (3) Foliar spraying of potassium phosphite solution for shoot control: Sprinkle potassium phosphate fertilizer on the ground for one day, and then spray the whole garden with a mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol until water drips on the leaves. Spray once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times. The concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20ppm. Use a backpack sprayer or mechanical sprayer for spraying.

[0074] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol mixed solution, perform closed ring barking on the trunk about 25 cm to 30 cm above the ground, with a ring barking width of 1.20 cm.

[0075] (5) Foliar spraying of a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormones and plant nutrient regulators: 45 days after shoot control, spray the mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormones and plant nutrient regulators on the entire orchard, once every 15 days, for a total of 1 - 2 times; the plant growth hormones include sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulators include potassium enolphosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormones is 3.6 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 4 ppm; the concentration of potassium enolphosphate in the plant nutrient regulators is 3 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.04 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.02 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 20 g / L.

[0076] Example 8

[0077] A cultivation method for shoot control and flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0078] (1) Light pruning: Conduct light pruning 80 days before the flower forcing date for the wax apple production period regulation. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the overgrown branches in the upper layer of the tree crown, cut off the dominant branches in the inner cavity, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, and dry and diseased branches.

[0079] (2) Surface application of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: Near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 4 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of potassium chloride, and 200 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer per plant by hole application respectively. Apply the fertilizer once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times.

[0080] (3) Foliar spraying of potassium phosphite aqueous solution for shoot control: On the day of surface application of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, use a mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol to spray the entire orchard until the leaves are dripping. After 15 days, conduct the second spraying, for a total of 2 times; the concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20 ppm. Use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer for spraying during spraying.

[0081] (4) Trunk girdling: 5 days after the first spraying of the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol, conduct a closed girdling on the main trunk at a position about 25 cm - 30 cm above the ground. The width of the girdling is 1.00 cm.

[0082] (5) Foliar spraying of a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormones and plant nutrient regulators: 45 days after shoot control, spray the mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormones and plant nutrient regulators on the entire orchard, once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times; the plant growth hormones include sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrient regulators include potassium enolphosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormones is 2.4 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 5.0 ppm; the concentration of potassium enolphosphate in the plant nutrient regulators is 5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.03 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.03 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 15 g / L.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] A cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0085] Cultivate 1 - 3 batches of new shoots of 3 - year - old wax apples after pruning, cover with black nets about 40 days in advance according to the flower forcing period, force the wax apple plants to enter dormancy and stop growing by restricting light, and do not perform trunk girdling, ground fertilization, foliar spraying of foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulators.

[0086] Comparative Example 2

[0087] A cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0088] (1) Perform light pruning on the 3 - year - old wax apples 70 - 80 days before the flower forcing period for the production period adjustment. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the over - vigorous branches in the upper layer of the crown, cut off the overbearing branches in the inner chamber, overlapping branches, overly dense branches and withered and diseased branches. After light pruning, spray a fungicide throughout the orchard once.

[0089] (2) For the wax apples after light pruning, apply a phosphorus - potassium mixed fertilizer to the plants by ground spreading with an aqueous solution composed of 1.2 kg of superphosphate and 0.3 kg of potassium chloride. Apply it once every 15 days for a total of 3 times.

[0090] (3) On the 7th day after the ground spreading work is completed, prepare an aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% by mixing SNA with a concentration of 28 ppm, 2,4 - D with a concentration of 6 ppm, paclobutrazol with a concentration of 5 ppm, chlormequat chloride with a concentration of 5 ppm and 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spray it once every 15 days for a total of 4 times.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] A cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0093] Cultivate 1 - 3 batches of new shoots of the 3 - year - old wax apples after pruning, cover with black nets about 40 days in advance according to the flower forcing period, and then spray with a mixture of 500 - fold 1.8% sodium nitrophenolate + 500 - fold 48% chlorpyrifos emulsion + 200 - fold urea.

[0094] Comparative Example 4

[0095] A cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, comprising the following steps:

[0096] (1) Light pruning: Perform light pruning on the wax apples 80 days before the flower forcing period for the production period adjustment. The requirements for light pruning are to thin out the over - vigorous branches in the upper layer of the crown, cut off the overbearing branches in the inner chamber, overlapping branches, overly dense branches and withered and diseased branches.

[0097] (2) Ground application of phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer: Near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 2 kg of superphosphate, 0.8 kg of potassium chloride, and 150 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer per plant by hole application respectively. Apply the fertilizer once every 15 days for a total of 2 times.

[0098] (3) Spraying potassium phosphite aqueous solution on the leaf surface to control the shoots: On the day of ground application of phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer, spray the whole garden with a mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol concentration. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times. The concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 30 ppm. When spraying, use a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer to spray until the leaf surface is dripping.

[0099] (4) Spraying a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator on the leaf surface: 45 days after controlling the shoots, spray the whole garden with a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 times; The plant growth hormone includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; The plant nutrient regulator includes potassium enolphosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and glucose. The concentration of sodium nitrophenolate in the plant growth hormone is 2.4 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 5.0 ppm. The concentration of potassium enolphosphate in the plant nutrient regulator is 5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.03 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.03 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 15 g / L.

[0100] Effect Example

[0101] Experimental record: In the wax apple planting base of the Honghe Tropical Agricultural Science Research Institute in Yunnan Province, the experimental operation started in July. Divide 12 plots of land. The number of wax apple plants and the row and plant spacing in each plot are the same. The 1st to 8th planting plots correspond to Examples 1 to 8 of the present invention, the 9th planting plot corresponds to Comparative Example 1, the 10th planting plot corresponds to Comparative Example 2, the 11th planting plot corresponds to Comparative Example 3, and the 12th planting plot corresponds to Comparative Example 4. The number of flower spikes and the flower formation rate are calculated based on the average value of the number of flower spikes and the percentage of flowering shoots within a 1-meter square area in the central part of each wax apple plant in different directions (east, west, south, and north). In this test record, the number of flower spikes and the flower formation rate obtained from the present invention and the comparative examples are compared. The results are shown in Table 1 for details.

[0102] Table 1 Flowering situation of wax apples in the examples and comparative examples.

[0103] Processing Initial flowering time Full flowering time Number of flower spikes Flowering rate % Example 1 Early October Mid-October 516 96.9 Example 2 Early October Mid-October 518 96.1 Example 3 Early October Mid-October 495 97.0 Example 4 Early October Mid-October 523 97.5 Example 5 Mid-September Mid-September 638 96.4 Example 6 Mid-September Mid-September 649 95.5 Example 7 Mid-September Mid-September 705 97.9 Example 8 Mid-September Mid-September 626 98.2 Comparative Example 1 Early October Mid-October 89 89.9 Comparative Example 2 Early October Mid-October 485 95.9 Comparative Example 3 Early October Mid-October 432 96.1 Comparative Example 4 Early October Mid-October 235 93.6

[0104] As can be seen from Table 1, by comparing Examples 1-8 with Comparative Examples 1-4, it shows that according to the growth characteristics of wax apples, through pruning, girdling combined with customized fertilizer and water management plans, both the number of flower spikes and the flower formation rate are relatively high. The operation is simple, the cost is low, and it has both food safety and ecological safety. At the same time, it can stagger the time of a large number of fruits on the market, not only meeting the market demand but also increasing farmers' income. More importantly, as can be seen from Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, when a mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is sprayed during the shoot control period for 5-7 days and no closed girdling is carried out, the number of flower spikes and the flower formation rate decrease significantly, inhibiting the flower bud differentiation of wax apple plants, which further illustrates the feasibility of the pruning, girdling combined with customized fertilizer and water management plan proposed by the present invention.

[0105] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples, characterized in that; The following steps are involved: (1) Light pruning should be carried out 70 to 80 days before the date of flowering in the wax apple production period. Light pruning should be carried out to thin out the overgrown branches on the upper layer of the crown, and to remove the overgrown branches in the inner hall, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, and dry and diseased branches. After light pruning, the whole garden should be sprayed with fungicide once; (2) digging two strip trenches 30 cm wide and 30-45 cm deep at the drip line of the wax apple tree, applying 3-4 kg of superphosphate, 1-1.5 kg of potassium chloride and 200-300 g of 50 wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer to wax apple plants over 5 years old, and reducing the corresponding phosphorus, potassium and silicon fertilizer amounts to 1.5-2 kg, 0.5-0.8 kg and 100-150 g per plant for 3-4 years old fruiting trees, respectively, and then covering with soil, and applying fertilizer once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times; (3) Spray the potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol mixed aqueous solution throughout the garden until water drips onto the leaves. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 to 3 times. (4) 5 to 7 days after the leaf control, perform closed ring barking on the trunk at a height of about 25 to 30 cm from the ground. The width of the ring barking for trees over 5 years old is 1.0 to 1.5 cm, and the width of the ring barking for fruiting trees 3 to 4 years old is 0.60 to 1.0 cm. (5) After 40 to 45 days of shoot control, spray the whole garden with a mixed aqueous solution of plant growth hormone and plant nutrient regulator, once every 15 days, for a total of 1 to 2 times; The plant growth hormone includes sodium nitrophenolate and 6-benzylaminopurine; the plant nutrition regulator includes potassium phosphate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and glucose.

2. The cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), 3kg superphosphate, 1kg potassium chloride and 200g 50wt.% water-soluble silicon fertilizer are applied to wax apple plants over 5 years old near the drip line of the crown. The corresponding phosphorus, potassium and silicon fertilizer amounts of 3-4 year old fruiting trees are reduced to 1.5kg, 0.5kg and 100g per plant respectively.

3. The cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the concentration of potassium phosphite in the mixed aqueous solution of potassium phosphite and paclobutrazol is 3-5 g / L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20-30 ppm.

4. The cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples according to claim 1, wherein: In step (4), 5 to 7 days after spraying the potassium phosphite aqueous solution and the paclobutrazol mixed aqueous solution during the shoot control period, closed ring barking is performed on the trunk 25 cm to 30 cm above the ground. The width of the ring barking for trees over 5 years old is 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm, and the width of the ring barking for fruiting trees between 3 and 4 years old is 0.60 cm to 1.0 cm.

5. The cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the plant growth hormone mixed aqueous solution in step (5), the concentration of sodium nitrophenolate is 2.4-3.6 ppm, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine is 3.6-5 ppm; the concentration of potassium enoate phosphate in the plant nutrition regulator is 3-5 g / L, the concentration of boric acid is 0.02-0.04 mg / L, the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.02-0.04 mg / L, and the concentration of glucose is 10-20 g / L.

6. The cultivation method for controlling the shoot growth and promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples according to claim 1, wherein: The spraying in steps (3) and (5) is carried out using a backpack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer until water drips from the leaf surface.