Water and fertilizer integrated tea tree plug seedling device and seedling method

Abstract

The application discloses a water and fertilizer integrated tea tree plug seedling device and a seedling method, and steps are as follows: 1, mother tree treatment; 2, preparation of the device: the cutting substrate formula is grass charcoal: loess: residue: perlite; 3, shoot selection: selecting vigorous and pest-free current-year semi-lignified branches from the mother plant in a mother garden; 4, shoot cutting: pruning the collected branches into one growth point and half a leaf; 5, cutting: using a rooting agent; 6, rooting period management: the nutrient solution is a seedling technology matched with the cutting device, the substrate is continuously transported to the tea cutting root, the root is strengthened, and the seedling is strengthened; 7, seedling cultivation: the tea rooting nutrient solution is used in cooperation with the seedling device. The application also relates to a device, and capillary tubes are connected with the plug and a water storage device respectively. The water and fertilizer integrated management in the tea cutting seedling process is realized, the labor cost can be saved, the survival rate of tea is improved, and the application has application value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tea tree seedling, more particularly to a water and fertilizer integrated tea tree plug seedling device, and also relates to a water and fertilizer integrated tea tree plug seedling method. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0002] Tea tree is a perennial woody economic crop originated in the southwest of China and widely planted in the mountains of China. Due to the unique flavor and diverse functions of tea, the consumer group of tea is gradually expanding, and the demand for building gardens is also increasing. At present, tea seedling products are divided into bare-root seedlings obtained by open ground cutting and plug seedlings obtained by plug cutting. Compared with bare-root seedlings, plug seedlings have high survival rate and uniformity when planting, and are favored by garden builders. Fertilizer and water management is the key to tea tree plug cutting seedling, and improper management can easily cause low rooting rate, uneven rooting, and dead seedlings, which greatly affects the economic benefits of tea tree seedling.

[0003] The design of existing tea cutting devices focuses on mechanization and space utilization. For example, the novel tea cutting seedling device in application number 202121844036.X can be moved flexibly and better complete the tea cutting process. For example, the three-dimensional tea cutting seedling device in application number 201921055300.4 utilizes vertical space to increase the number of seedlings per unit area. These devices have complex structure design, high one-time investment and subsequent maintenance cost, and are difficult to promote on a large scale. In addition, these devices cannot automatically water and fertilize the seedlings after cutting, and still require manpower to complete the water and fertilizer management during the seedling process. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling device with simple structure, which can meet all the needs of tea seedling cutting from bud collection to nursery process, effectively keep the cutting substrate moist, save manpower and resources, speed up the tea cutting nursery efficiency, and improve the quality of nursery tea seedlings.

[0005] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling method, which is easy to operate and simple in operation, covers the whole process of tea cutting from bud collection to nursery, solves the problems of difficult and slow rooting and low nursery rate through good substrate ratio, standardized cutting process, efficient pest control and water and fertilizer integrated management.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purposes, the present application adopts the following technical measures:

[0007] The device for water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling is characterized by comprising a plug with molecular diffusion material, a capillary and a water storage device, the capillary is connected with the plug and the water storage device respectively, the plug is arranged on the water storage device, and the capillary connects the plug and the water storage device. The water storage device is used for storing water or nutrient solution, the plug and the capillary keep the substrate moist by molecular diffusion and siphon respectively. The water storage device is a plastic box with a length of 50 cm, a width of 34 cm and a height of 14 cm.

[0008] When the device is combined, water or nutrient solution can automatically enter the substrate with lower water potential from the water storage device with higher water potential along the capillary and the plug, so that the substrate is kept moist. The device can control the humidity of the substrate by controlling the thickness and number of the capillary. The device for water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling is used to solve the problems of great difficulty in water and fertilizer integrated management and great consumption of manpower and material resources in the process of tea cutting.

[0009] In the process of tea cutting seedling, water and fertilizer management is the key to tea plug cutting seedling, improper management can easily cause low rooting rate and low transplanting rate, which greatly affects the economic benefit of tea seedling. The device has simple structure and can meet all the needs of tea cutting from cutting to transplanting, effectively keep the cutting substrate moist, save manpower and material resources, speed up the efficiency of tea cutting and transplanting, and improve the quality of the transplanted tea seedlings.

[0010] The existing design of tea cutting device focuses on mechanization and space utilization, which can effectively improve the space utilization rate, but the structure of these devices is complex, the one-time investment and subsequent maintenance cost is high, and it is difficult to promote on a large scale. In addition, these devices cannot realize automatic water and fertilizer management after cutting, and still need to consume manpower to complete the water and fertilizer management in the process of seedling. The device provided by the present application can efficiently complete water and fertilizer management, which is beneficial to the survival, rooting and rapid transplanting of tea seedlings.

[0011] A method for water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step (1): mother tree treatment (the specific variety is shown in Table 4): 15 days before cutting, the mother tree is treated by topping and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote lignification of the mother tree; in this step, the effective content of the sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate is greater than 99%, the powder is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:2000 and then sprayed, and the spraying is completed when there are obvious water droplets on the leaves;

[0013] Step (2): Preparation of the device: the cutting substrate formula is peat soil: loess: compost: perlite = 5:2:2:1, after mixing evenly, using thiophanate-methyl for disinfection, after disinfection, rinse once with clean water, then put the substrate in the hole plate device, and put the device into the water storage device containing tea tree rooting nutrient solution (Table 1), the nutrient solution is replaced every 30 days; the concentration of thiophanate-methyl used for substrate disinfection in this step is 700 times liquid prepared from 70% powder;

[0014] Step (3): Bud collection: select vigorous and disease-free current-year semi-lignified branches from the mother plant in the mother garden as materials, and place them in a cool (known to those skilled in the art) ventilated place covered with grass cloth for standby, the temperature should not exceed 40℃, and attention should be paid to supplement water in time; the vigorous branches collected in step (3) are greater than 30cm in length and greater than 0.2cm in diameter;

[0015] Step (4): Bud cutting: the collected branches are trimmed into 3cm long bud stem ends containing one growth point and half leaf, the trimmed cuttings are soaked in carbendazim for one minute for disinfection, and then washed once with clean water for standby; the concentration of carbendazim solution for disinfection of cuttings in this step is 1000 times liquid prepared from 50% powder; the cutting port of the cutting is parallel to the direction of the leaf, and the upper cutting port is slightly higher than the growth point;

[0016] Step (5): Cutting: the base of the treated cutting is soaked in rooting agent (100mg / L IBA) for 8H, the stem is inserted into the substrate vertically to the surface of the substrate, ensuring that the leaf bud is above the substrate, then press the substrate, pour the rooting water, and make the cutting and the substrate fully contact; the rooting agent treatment in this step should be 0.8cm above the base of the cutting, and the rooting agent powder is dissolved in 95% anhydrous ethanol and then made up to volume;

[0017] Step (6): Rooting period management: The nutrient solution is the core of the supporting seedling technology of the cutting device. The substrate needs to be continuously transported by the nutrient solution to meet the needs of tea cutting rooting, root strengthening, and seedling strengthening to achieve high quality and rapid nursery. 15-30 days after cutting is the key period for the base of tea cutting to expand and form the root primordium. Add the tea rooting nutrient solution formula shown in Table 1 (see Table 1) to the water storage device 3. The device can control the relative water content of the seedling substrate to 80-90%, greatly reducing labor costs; Temperature: 20-35℃ is the most suitable temperature for tea cutting rooting; Light management: use a 70% shading net for shading management, 40 days after cutting, gradually increase the light, every 15 days for pest control, spray 500 times 40 fungicide solution and 2000 times 70% water dispersible granule imidacloprid; Pest control in this step should be done once every 15 days, spray fungicide and imidacloprid, and the application time can be appropriately shortened when the temperature rises, wherein the concentration of fungicide is 40% powder to form 500 times liquid, and imidacloprid is 70% water dispersible granule to form 2000 times liquid.

[0018] Table 1. Tea rooting nutrient solution formula as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Step (7): Seedling cultivation: tea rooting nutrient solution formula and seedling device are used together, 40-50 days after cutting, tea seedlings grow out of adventitious roots, at this time the nutrient solution formula is changed to the tea root strengthening nutrient solution formula shown in Table 2 (see Table 2), which can promote the rapid development of tea seedling root system and strengthen the root system; 120 days after cutting, tea cutting has a good root system, at this time the nutrient solution is changed to the seedling nutrient solution formula shown in Table 3 (see Table 3), which can promote tea sprouting and improve tea seedling nursery efficiency, resulting in promoting sprouting and improving tea seedling nursery efficiency.

[0021] Table 2. Root strengthening nutrient solution formula

[0022]

[0023] Table 3. Seedling nutrient solution formula

[0024]

[0025] Through the above technical measures: the most critical steps are steps (5), (6), and (7). These steps mainly solve the limitations of tea resource preservation and good seed extension caused by the difficulty of cutting rooting of part of the tea resources; tea cutting rooting is the key to the success of the seedling process. These steps can significantly improve the rooting rate, survival rate, and first-class seedling rate of tea cutting cuttings.

[0026] These key steps combined with the whole step mainly achieves good technical effect, these technical steps can contain the whole process of tea tree cutting, through good substrate matching, standardized cutting process, efficient prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests and water and fertilizer integrated management, the problems of difficult rooting, slow rooting and low rate of leaving nursery of tea tree are solved;

[0027] The progress of the matched cutting invention relative to the prior art is reflected in the formula design of rooting nutrient solution, root strengthening nutrient solution, seedling strengthening nutrient solution and seedling substrate, and the main difference between the technical scheme and the prior art is the formula and use of nutrient solution in the seedling process.

[0028] A water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling device, comprising a plug of molecular diffusion material, a capillary, and a water storage device, the capillary being connected with the plug and the water storage device respectively, the plug being placed on the water storage device, and the capillary connecting the plug and the water storage device. The water storage device is used for storing water or nutrient solution, and the plug and the capillary respectively use molecular diffusion and capillary action to keep the substrate moist. (A plastic box with a length of 50 cm, a width of 34 cm, and a height of 14 cm is customized as the water storage device);

[0029] When the device is assembled, water or nutrient solution will automatically flow from the water storage device with higher water potential along the capillary and the molecular diffusion plug into the substrate with lower water potential, keeping the substrate moist. The device can control the humidity of the substrate by controlling the thickness and number of capillaries.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and effects:

[0031] The device in the present application realizes water and fertilizer integrated management in the process of tea tree cutting and seedling, and cooperates with the matched seedling method to save labor cost and improve tea tree survival rate, and has application value. The present application uses a simple and simple plug device, solves the problem of difficult control and management of water and fertilizer in the process of tea tree seedling, and at the same time designs related rooting, root strengthening and seedling nutrient solution, which is used with the device to solve the problem of difficult rooting of part of tea tree resources, speed up the cutting and leaving nursery efficiency of tea tree, and improve the quality of nursery tea seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling device.

[0033] In the figure: 1-plug, 2-capillary, 3-water storage device.

[0034] Figure 2 Effect of the water and fertilizer integrated seedling device on the cutting and seedling effect of tea trees and the matched seedling method.

[0035] Figure A. Survival rate. B. Callus rate. C. Rooting rate. D. New shoot length. E. Stem thickness. F. First-class seedling rate; CK is the fertilizer seedling device and tea tree and supporting seedling, T1 is only watering without fertilization, frequency is 7 days once; The same below. T2 is one fertilizer and two waterings, one fertilizer and three waterings, T1, T2 and T3 are the management methods of conventional plug seedling;

[0036] Figure 3 Effect of different cutting substrate seedling effects.

[0037] Figure A. Survival rate. B. Callus rate. C. Rooting rate; CK is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1 (conventional seedling light substrate), T1 is peat: loess: compost: perlite = 5:2:2:1 and T2 is compost: loess = 7:3 (the compost used in the formula is from Angel yeast), T3 is grass carbon: loess = 7:3;

[0038] Figure 4 Effect of different pretreatment methods on seedling effects.

[0039] Figure A. Callus rate. B. Rooting rate. C. Average number of roots; CK is not treated cutting, T1 is IBA treatment, T2 is NAA treatment, T3 is IBA+NAA treatment, T4 is IBA+6-BA treatment, T5 is dark pretreatment 8H, T6 is dark, ice water low temperature pretreatment 8H, T7 is rooting nutrient solution spraying soil, formula same as table 1, T8 is rooting nutrient solution spraying soil+IBA treatment; Among them, the hormone treatment in T1, T2, T3, T4, T8 is soaking the cutting base 8H;

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] A water and fertilizer integrated plug supporting seedling method, the steps are:

[0042] 1. Mother tree treatment (specific varieties are shown in table 4): 15 days before cutting, the mother tree is topped and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed to promote lignification of the mother tree; In this step, the effective content of the sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate is greater than 99%, the powder is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:2000 before spraying, and spraying is performed until there are obvious water droplets on the leaves;

[0043] 2. Preparation of the device: the cutting substrate formula is grass carbon: loess: compost: perlite = 5:2:2:1, which is mixed uniformly and then disinfected with methylthiophanate, washed once after disinfection, then placed in the plug device, and the device is placed in the water storage device containing the tea tree rooting nutrient solution (table 1), and the nutrient solution is replaced every 30 days; The methylthiophanate used for disinfection of the substrate in this step is a 700-fold liquid prepared from 70% powder;

[0044] 3. Bud: select the vigorous, no disease and pest of current year semi-lignified branches from the mother garden of tea tree mother plant as material, place in cool (ordinary skilled in the art) ventilation, cover with grass cloth for standby, temperature should not exceed 40℃, pay attention to supplement water in time; the length of vigorous branches collected in the step is greater than 30cm, and the stem diameter is greater than 0.2cm;

[0045] 4. Pruning: the collected branches are pruned into 3cm long stem end with one growth point and half leaf, the pruned cuttings are soaked in carbendazim for one minute for disinfection, and then washed with clean water for standby; the carbendazim solution for disinfection of cuttings in this step is 1000 times liquid prepared by 50% powder;

[0046] 5. Cutting: the base of the completed cutting treated with rooting agent (100mg / L IBA) is soaked for 8H, the stem is inserted into the substrate vertically, and the leaf bud is ensured above the substrate, then the substrate is pressed tightly, and the rooting water is poured to make the cutting and the substrate fully contact; the rooting agent treatment in this step should be 0.8cm above the base of the cutting, and the rooting agent powder is dissolved with 95% anhydrous ethanol and then constant volume is added;

[0047] 6. Rooting period management: the nutrient solution is the core of the cutting device supporting the seedling raising technology, the substrate needs to be continuously transported by the nutrient solution to meet the needs of tea cutting rooting, root strengthening and seedling strengthening, so as to achieve the purpose of high quality and rapid nursery; 15-30 days after cutting is the key period of tea cutting base swelling and forming of adventitious root primordium, the tea rooting nutrient solution formula shown in table 1 is added to 3 water storage device, the device can control the relative water content of the seedling substrate to 85%, which greatly reduces the labor cost; temperature: 25℃ is the most suitable temperature for tea cutting rooting; light management: use 70% shading net for shading management, 40 days after cutting, gradually increase the light, every 15 days for disease and pest control, spray 500 times 40 powder of chlorothalonil solution and 2000 times 70% water dispersible granule of imidacloprid; the disease and pest control in this step should be carried out once every 15 days, spray chlorothalonil and imidacloprid, and the application time can be appropriately shortened when the temperature rises, among them, the concentration of chlorothalonil is 40% powder to prepare 500 times liquid, and imidacloprid is 70% water dispersible granule to prepare 2000 times liquid.

[0048] Table 1. Tea rooting nutrient solution formula is as follows

[0049]

[0050] 7. The strong seedling cultivation: the tea tree rooting nutrient solution formula and the seedling device are used in cooperation, 40-50 days after cutting, the tea seedling grows out adventitious root, at this time, the nutrient solution formula is changed into the tea tree strong root nutrient solution formula shown in table 2 (see table 2), which can promote the rapid development of tea seedling root system and strengthen the root system; 120 days after cutting, the tea cutting has a good root system, at this time, the nutrient solution is changed into the strong seedling nutrient solution formula shown in table 3 (see table 3), which can promote the tea shoot and improve the tea seedling out of nursery efficiency, the result is to promote the shoot and improve the tea seedling out of nursery efficiency.

[0051] Table 2. The strong root nutrient solution formula is as follows

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Table 3. The strong seedling nutrient solution formula is as follows

[0055]

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] A water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling device, comprising a plug 1 of molecular diffusion material, a capillary tube 2, a water storage device 3, the capillary tube 2 being connected with the plug 1 and the water storage device 3 respectively, the plug 1 being arranged on the water storage device 3, and the capillary tube 2 connecting the plug 1 and the water storage device 3. The water storage device 3 is used for storing water or nutrient solution, and the plug 1 and the capillary tube 2 respectively utilize molecular diffusion and siphon to keep the substrate moist. The water storage device 3 is made of plastic with a length of 50 cm, a width of 34 cm and a height of 14 cm (which can be made by ordinary skilled in the art).

[0058] When the device is combined, water or nutrient solution will automatically enter the substrate with lower water potential from the water storage device 3 with higher water potential along the capillary tube 2 and the molecular diffusion plug 1, so as to keep the substrate moist. The device can control the humidity of the substrate by controlling the thickness and number of the capillary tube 2.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] The following will be combined with the examples of the present application, and the present application will be described in detail and completely, obviously, the following examples are only a part of the present application, and not all. Based on the practice in the present application, other examples obtained by ordinary skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0061] The example process is mother tree treatment→device preparation→branch taking→branch cutting→cutting→rooting period management→strong seedling cultivation:

[0062] Experimental site: No. 32 greenhouse of South Lake Tea Germplasm Resource Orchard, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province;

[0063] Materials and methods: Tea tree branches were collected from the South Lake Tea Tree Germplasm Resource Garden of Huazhong Agricultural University, all of which were over 5 years old, and Echa No. 10 was used for cutting experiments in early September 2019 and early October 2020. The implementation steps are as follows: Step 1: 15 days before cutting, the mother tree was topped and sprayed with 2000 times KH2PO4 solution to promote lignification; Step 2: the cutting medium formula is grass charcoal: loess: compost: perlite = 5:2:2:1, mix evenly, then sterilize with 700 times 70% methylthiophanate powder, rinse with water after sterilization, then place the medium in the hole tray device, and place the device in the water storage device containing the rooting nutrient solution, the nutrient solution formula is shown in Table 1; Step 3: select vigorous and disease-free current-year semi-lignified branches from the mother tree garden as materials, and place them in a cool and ventilated place for standby, and pay attention to supplement water in time; Step 4: the collected branches are trimmed into 2-5 cm long stem tips with one growing point and half a leaf, and the trimmed cuttings are soaked and disinfected with 1000 times 50% carbendazim, and then washed with water for standby; Step 5: use rooting agent (100 mg / L IBA) to soak the base of the completed cutting, the stem is inserted into the medium vertically, and the leaf bud is above the medium, then press the medium, pour the rooting water, and make the cutting and the medium fully contact; Step 6: rooting period management: the nutrient solution is one of the core of the cutting device supporting the seedling technology, the medium needs to be continuously transported by the nutrient solution to meet the needs of tea cutting rooting, strong root, strong seedling, in order to achieve high quality, rapid and fast nursery; 15-30 days after cutting, it is the key period for tea cutting base to expand and form adventitious root primordium, add the tea rooting nutrient solution formula shown in Table 1 to the 3 water storage device (the nutrient solution is replaced every 30 days, the same below), the device can control the relative water content of the seedling medium to 80-90%, which greatly reduces the labor cost; temperature: 20-35℃ is the most suitable temperature for tea cutting rooting; light management: use 70% shading net for shading management, 40 days after cutting, gradually increase the light, every 15 days for pest control, spray 500 times 40 fungicide solution and 2000 times 70% water dispersible granule imidacloprid; Step 7: tea rooting nutrient solution formula and seedling device are used together, 40-50 days after cutting, tea seedlings grow adventitious roots, at this time, change the nutrient solution formula to the tea root strengthening nutrient solution formula shown in Table 2, which can promote the rapid development of tea seedling root system; 120 days after cutting, tea cutting has a good root system, at this time, change the nutrient solution to the seedling nutrient solution formula shown in Table 3, which can significantly improve the survival rate, healing rate, rooting rate, new shoot length, stem thickness and first-class seedling rate of tea seedlings (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 ).

[0064] Example 4: (The water and fertilizer integrated seedling device is beneficial for high survival rate tea tree cuttings)

[0065] Fertilizer and water management is crucial for tea tree seedling propagation via tray cuttings. Improper management can easily lead to low rooting rates, uneven rooting, and stunted seedlings, significantly impacting the economic benefits of tea tree seedling cultivation. The specific cutting process is the same as in Example 1. The specific tested varieties are: Echa No. 10, Meizhan, Zijuan, Jinmudan, Zimudan, Qianfu No. 4, Wufeng 310, Maolv, Shuchazaozao, Xianyuzaozao, Jiukeng No. 16, Jinguanyin, Qianmei 502, Fuding Dabai, Huangdan, Qianmei 106, Zhongcha 108, Mingxuan 131, Wuniuzao, Yingshuang, Taicha No. 12, Fuyun No. 6, Lichuan Hong No. 1, Mabianlv, Zhenong 117, Jiukengzaozao, and Duokangxiang. The integrated water and fertilizer device provided by this invention uses two capillaries to continuously absorb and permeate water and nutrients from three water storage devices into the substrate of one seedling tray, ensuring that the nutrients and water in the substrate are always optimal for the survival and rooting of tea cuttings. Table 4 shows the survival rate of tea cuttings propagated using this device, indicating that the survival rate of the 27 tested tea varieties was 94-100%.

[0066] Table 4. Survival rate of tea tree cuttings propagated using this device (3 months after cutting)

[0067]

[0068] The other implementation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Example 5: (The integrated water and fertilizer seedling device and supporting seedling cultivation method are conducive to the high-quality and rapid transplanting of tea trees by short cuttings)

[0070] As illustrated in the examples above, the management of water and nutrients is crucial for tea tree cutting propagation, and the level of management determines the quality and efficiency of tea tree cutting propagation. To compare the differences between the integrated propagation method proposed in this invention and conventional propagation methods, the author compared the effects of the device of this invention, watering only without fertilization, one-fertilizer-two-water, and one-fertilizer-three-water on the survival rate, callus rate, rooting rate, new shoot length, stem thickness, first-grade seedling ratio, and second-grade seedling ratio of tea tree cuttings. CK represents the integrated water and fertilizer management of the device, as detailed in the invention description. Treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 all involved conventional tray cutting, unlike the integrated water and fertilizer propagation device cutting in CK. T1 involved watering only without fertilization, at a frequency of once every 7 days; the frequency is the same for subsequent treatments. T2 involved one-fertilizer-two-water, with one fertilization followed by two waterings; T3 involved one fertilization followed by three waterings. Under the integrated water and fertilizer management system, the survival rate of tea seedling cuttings reached 93%, significantly higher than other conventional water and fertilizer management methods. Figure 2A); research shows that the emergence of callus (commonly known as "long tumor") during the cutting process of tea tree helps the occurrence of adventitious roots to some extent, because callus has a certain absorption capacity and can improve the ability of cuttings to cope with stress. The callus rate and rooting rate of tea seedlings in the water and fertilizer integrated management device are significantly higher than those in other conventional water and fertilizer management methods Figure 2 B and Figure 2 C); new shoot length and stem thickness are important indicators for evaluating the growth of tea seedlings. Comparative results show that the water and fertilizer integrated management device has the best new shoot length and stem thickness, followed by the one-fertilizer and two-water management method, indicating that these two methods are more efficient Figure 2 D and Figure 2 E); finally, the author counted the percentage of first-class seedlings (high ≥ 30 cm, stem thickness ≥ 3 mm, lateral root number ≥ 3, GB11767-2003 tea seedling) of the four treatments. The results showed that the percentage of first-class seedlings in the water and fertilizer integrated management device was the highest, reaching 31% Figure 2 F), which was significantly higher than that in other management methods; it is worth noting that tea seedlings managed by two conventional methods are difficult to meet the standard of first-class seedlings.

[0071] Example 6: (Spent mushroom compost is an ideal substrate for cutting tea tree cuttings)

[0072] Successful cutting of tea seedlings cannot be achieved without good substrate, because the ratio of substrate affects the temperature, humidity and air permeability of the substrate. The author compared the survival rate, callus rate and rooting rate of tea seedlings in four different substrates; the control group CK is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1 (conventional seedling light substrate), T1 is peat: loess: spent mushroom compost: perlite = 5:2:2:1, T2 is spent mushroom compost: loess = 7:3 (the spent mushroom compost used in the formula comes from Angel Yeast) and T3 is peat: loess = 7:3. The results show that T1 treatment has the highest survival rate, callus rate and rooting rate, which is better than the other three formulas Figure 3 ). Spent mushroom compost is an ideal soil substrate, which can not only enrich soil microbial diversity, but also be decomposed into humus with strong water permeability and air permeability in the soil. The author's research results also show that spent mushroom compost as part of the substrate formula has great potential in tea seedling cultivation.

[0073] In this step, rooting agent and nutrient solution culture are not used during cutting, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Example 7:

[0075] (Leaving one leaf and soaking in carbendazim for disinfection is conducive to the survival and rooting of tea tree cuttings)

[0076] The survival rate, callus rate and rooting rate of the cuttings treated by the five disinfection methods are shown in Table 5. In general, the survival rate of the cuttings of the two varieties is better after treatment with chlorothalonil and carbendazim, and the rooting rate is best after treatment with carbendazim. The number of leaves has a great influence on the survival rate and rooting rate of the cuttings. If the number of leaves is too large, the cuttings will lose water quickly through transpiration, and the cuttings will die before nodule and adventitious root formation. If the number of leaves is too small, the cuttings will have low photosynthetic efficiency and slow adventitious root formation, which is not conducive to the rapid growth of tea seedlings. Therefore, reasonable leaf retention is often a problem that needs to be considered. The author compared the effects of the number of leaves on the survival rate, callus rate and rooting rate of the cuttings of the two varieties, and the results showed that (Table 6) the survival rate and rooting rate of Echa No. 10 were higher when the number of leaves was 2 or 1 than when the number of leaves was 3 or 4, and the number of leaves of Zhongcha 108 was best when the number of leaves was 1. Considering the survival rate and rooting rate, the number of leaves of the cuttings of tea should be one or two, and the cuttings should be soaked in carbendazim. If the tea is vigorous, 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the leaves can be removed to prevent the cuttings from dying due to excessive transpiration.

[0077] Table 5 Effects of different disinfection treatments on tea cutting

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Table 6 Effects of the number of leaves on tea cutting

[0081]

[0082] In this step, the cutting substrate formula is peat: vermiculite = 4:1, and rooting agent and nutrient solution culture are not used during cutting. The other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0083] Example 8:

[0084] (Spraying rooting nutrient solution on soil can significantly improve the rooting rate of tea cuttings)

[0085] The rooting rate is the most concerned problem for the cutting breeding technology personnel. In order to improve the rooting rate of tea cutting, the author compared the effects of 8 different methods (T1 for IBA treatment, T2 for NAA treatment, T3 for IBA+NAA treatment, T4 for IBA+6-BA treatment, T5 for dark pretreatment 8H, T6 for dark ice water low temperature pretreatment 8H, T7 for rooting nutrient solution spraying soil (formula same as Table 1), T8 for rooting nutrient solution spraying soil+IBA treatment, among which the hormone treatment in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T8 is soaking the cutting base for 8H) on the callus rate, rooting rate and average rooting number of tea cutting, and set the cutting without treatment as the control group. The results show that Figure 4 ), T8 treatment has the best effect, the callus rate, rooting rate and average rooting number are the best, followed by T1. It is shown that the rooting agent treatment and the rooting nutrient solution spraying soil both have good effect on the tea cutting rooting, and the two can synergistically promote the tea cutting rooting.

[0086] In this step, the cutting substrate formula is peat: vermiculite = 4:1, and no nutrient solution culture is used during cutting, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer integrated plug seedling raising method, comprising the following steps: (1) mother tree treatment: 15 days before cutting, the mother tree is topped and sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote lignification of the mother tree; the effective content of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is greater than 99%, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate powder is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:2000 before spraying, and the spraying is performed until there are obvious water droplets on the leaves; (2) preparation of the device: the cutting substrate formula is grass charcoal: loess: compost: perlite = 5:2:2:1, which is mixed uniformly, disinfected with methylthiophanate, washed once with clean water after disinfection, then placed in the plug device, and the device is placed in a water storage device containing tea tree rooting nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is replaced every 30 days; the methylthiophanate used for substrate disinfection has a concentration of 700 times liquid prepared from 70% powder; (3) shoot collection: select vigorous and disease-free current-year semi-lignified branches from the mother tree in the mother garden as materials, place the collected branches in a cool and ventilated place, cover them with grass cloth, and supplement water, with the temperature being not higher than 40°C; the length of the collected branches is greater than 30 cm, and the diameter of the stem section is greater than 0.2 cm; (4) shoot cutting: the collected branches are cut into 3 cm long stem ends with one growth point and half a leaf, the cuttings are disinfected by immersing them in carbendazim for one minute, and then washed once with clean water for standby use; the carbendazim solution for disinfection has a concentration of 1000 times liquid prepared from 50% powder; the cutting edge is parallel to the direction of the leaves, and the upper cutting edge is higher than the growth point; (5) cutting: the cuttings are treated with rooting agent 100 mg / L IBA for 8 hours, the stem section is vertically inserted into the substrate, the leaf bud is above the substrate, the substrate is tightly pressed, and the cutting is contacted with the substrate by pouring rooting water; the rooting agent treatment should be 0.8 cm higher than the base of the cutting, the rooting agent powder is dissolved in 95% anhydrous ethanol and then made up to volume; one leaf or two leaves are left on the tea cutting, and the cutting is immersed in carbendazim; if the tea tree is vigorous, 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the leaves are cut off during cutting, so as to prevent the cutting from dying due to excessive transpiration; (6) rooting period management: 15-30 days after cutting, the tea cutting base swells and forms an adventitious root primordium; the tea rooting nutrient solution is added to the water storage device, the relative water content of the seedling substrate in the water storage device should be controlled at 80-90%, and the temperature is 20-35°C; light management: shading management is performed using a 70% shading net, 40 days after cutting, the light is gradually increased, and disease and pest control is performed every 15 days, 500 times 40% carbendazim powder solution and 2000 times 70% water dispersible granule imidacloprid are sprayed; disease and pest control is performed once every 15 days, carbendazim and imidacloprid are sprayed, and the application time is shortened when the temperature rises, wherein the concentration of carbendazim is 500 times liquid prepared from 40% powder, and the concentration of imidacloprid is 2000 times liquid prepared from 70% water dispersible granule. (7) strong seedling cultivation: tea tree rooting nutrient solution formula and seedling raising device are used in cooperation, tea seedlings grow out adventitious roots successively 40-50 days after cutting, the tea tree rooting nutrient solution is replaced by the strong root nutrient solution, the tea cutting has root system 120 days after cutting, the strong root nutrient solution is replaced by the strong seedling nutrient solution, and the tea tree sprouts are promoted, and the tea seedling field efficiency is improved; the seedling raising device used in the method is composed of a plug, a capillary, and a water storage device, wherein, The capillary is connected with the plug tray and the water storage device respectively, the plug tray is placed on the water storage device, and the capillary connects the plug tray and the water storage device; the water storage device is used for storing water or nutrient solution, the plug tray and the capillary respectively utilize molecular diffusion and siphon to keep the substrate moist; the water storage device is a customized plastic box with a length of 50 cm, a width of 34 cm and a height of 14 cm; after the combination is completed, the water or nutrient solution will automatically enter the substrate with lower water potential from the water storage device with higher water potential along the capillary and the plug tray, so as to keep the substrate moist; the humidity of the substrate is controlled by controlling the thickness and number of the capillary.

2. The method for water and fertilizer integrated plug tray seedling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tea tree rooting nutrient solution is: Reagent type Reagent Concentration mg / L Macronutrients Ammonium sulfate 99.6 Calcium nitrate 25.2 Monopotassium phosphate 13.6 Potassium sulfate 26.1 Calcium chloride 21.09 Magnesium sulfate 51.7 Aluminum sulfate 102.6 Micronutrients Boric acid 0.02 Manganese sulfate 0.07 Zinc sulfate 0.08 Copper sulfate 0.02 Sodium molybdate 0.35 Ferrous sulfate 0.03 Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 0.

7.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The strong root nutrient solution is: Reagent type Reagent Concentration mg / L Macronutrients Calcium nitrate 345 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 77 Potassium nitrate 404 Magnesium sulfate 246 Aluminum sulfate 102.6 Micronutrients Boric acid 0.02 Manganese sulfate 0.07 Zinc sulfate 0.08 Copper sulfate 0.02 Sodium molybdate 0.35 Ferrous sulfate 0.03 Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 0.7 Plant growth regulator Indole-3-butyric acid 400 Organic fertilizer Fulvic acid 2.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The strong seedling nutrient solution is: Reagent type Reagent Concentration mg / L Macronutrients Calcium nitrate 815 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 153 Potassium nitrate 607 Magnesium sulfate 370 Aluminum sulfate 102.6 Micronutrients Boric acid 0.02 Manganese sulfate 0.07 Zinc sulfate 0.08 Copper sulfate 0.02 Sodium molybdate 0.35 Ferrous sulfate 0.03 Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 0.7 Plant growth regulator Indole-3-butyric acid 400 Organic fertilizer Fulvic acid 2 Carbon source Sucrose 200 Bactericide Carbendazim 200.

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