Organic pollution-free planting method for rhizoma panacis majoris

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting, and discloses a rhizoma panacis majoris organic pollution-free planting method which comprises the following steps: S1, building a planting sunshade in a rhizoma panacis majoris pre-planting field; s2, after a microbial agent insecticide is sown in the planting land, soil turning and ploughing are conducted; s3, waiting for one month, sowing farmyard organic fertilizer on the pre-planting land, turning and mixing the soil by using a mini-tiller, and then performing soil preparation and box opening on the pre-planting land; s4, carrying out staggered planting and seedling scattering; s5, laying and covering each box land with pine needles after sowing; step S6, spraying a foliar fertilizer after May; according to the planting method, ant soil is selected as planting land soil, an organic pollution-free pest control method is adopted, and a farmyard organic fertilizer rich in nutrition is prepared, so that the use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers is reduced, the pesticide residues and the heavy metal content in the rhizoma panacis majoris are reduced, and the medicinal component content and the quality of the rhizoma panacis majoris are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and in particular to an organic and pollution-free planting method for Panax notoginseng. Background Art

[0002] Panax notoginseng is a Chinese medicinal material, which is the root of Panax notoginseng of Campanulaceae or the dried rhizome of Panax notoginseng of Araliaceae. It is dug in autumn, washed, sliced ​​and dried. Panax notoginseng has extremely high medicinal value and is widely used in traditional medicine. With the increase in market demand and the improvement of people's requirements for the quality and safety of medicinal materials, as well as the continuous improvement of people's requirements for the quality of Chinese medicinal materials and the enhancement of awareness of ecological environment protection, the traditional method of planting Panax notoginseng faces many challenges, such as pesticide residues, decreased soil fertility, unstable planting environment and other problems. It is difficult to meet the standards of organic and pollution-free planting. The traditional planting method uses a large amount of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which not only pollutes the environment, but also affects the quality and safety of Panax notoginseng. For this reason, we proposed an organic and pollution-free planting method for Panax notoginseng. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an organic and pollution-free planting method for Panax notoginseng, which solves the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an organic and pollution-free planting method of pearl ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1, constructing a planting environment: constructing a planting sunshade at the bead planting site;

[0006] Step S2, spraying pesticides on the cultivated land: spraying pesticides on the land where the beads are planted, and the pesticides are selected from microbial agents, and then turning the soil over to complete the pest control;

[0007] Step S3, ridge formation and box formation: wait for one month to complete the pest control on the planting land, then spread farm organic fertilizer on the pre-planting land and use a micro-tillage machine to turn the soil and mix it, so that the farm organic fertilizer and the soil are evenly mixed, and then the pre-planting land is leveled, furrowed and ridged to form a block-shaped box land, the height of the box land is 14-17 cm, and the width is 1.1-1.4 meters;

[0008] Step S4, sowing: staggered planting is performed on each box plot, and the staggered planting specifically includes: when planting the pearl ginseng seedlings, the row spacing and the plant spacing are ensured to be 13-19 cm, so that two adjacent rows of seedlings are staggered, and the horizontal staggered distance between the two adjacent rows of seedlings is half of the plant spacing, and the sowing and planting time is any time between March each year and September of the previous year;

[0009] Step S5, covering with pine needles: after sowing the pearl ginseng in each box plot, each box plot is covered with pine needles at intervals of one to seven days;

[0010] Step S6, fertilization: Panax notoginseng seedlings will sprout in April every year, and foliar fertilizer will be sprayed after May, using a manual backpack sprayer. Foliar fertilizer will be sprayed once in May, June, July, August and September every year after planting.

[0011] Preferably, the step S1, constructing the planting environment specifically includes: selecting ant soil with higher terrain, good drainage, fertile soil and rich in humus as the bead ginseng planting site, and building a sunshade, the height of the sunshade is 1.9 meters to 2.3 meters high, and the sunshade is ensured to be ventilated all around, the shading rate of the sunshade is 65%-75%, the column spacing between the supporting columns for building the sunshade is 5-6 meters, the row spacing is 3-4 meters, and a drip irrigation system is installed simultaneously when building the sunshade.

[0012] Preferably, the step S2 of spraying pesticides on cultivated land specifically includes: selecting a composite formula of multiple microbial agents with complementary functions, and when spraying pesticides on cultivated land, first mixing the microbial agent with an appropriate amount of organic carrier to make a mixture of agents, and then spreading it on the soil surface at a dosage of 12-18 kg per mu, and then tilling the soil to make the mixture penetrate 25-30 cm into the soil, to ensure that the microbial agent is evenly distributed in the soil and can play a role for a long time.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the farm organic fertilizer in the ridging and boxing is homemade and the specific process includes: preferentially selecting organic fertilizers certified by organic standards and feces powder of herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep, and horses, and rotten wood foam processed from miscellaneous wood that has fallen naturally or decayed naturally after being felled for a certain period of time as basic raw materials;

[0014] Then, a layer of pre-treated wood rot foam with a thickness of 10-15 cm is laid at the bottom of the composting site, and then a layer of livestock manure powder with a thickness of 3-7 cm is evenly spread on it, followed by a layer of organic fertilizer raw materials with a thickness of 13-18 cm. The layers are stacked in this order, and the total stack height is controlled between 1.5-5 meters. During the stacking process, a layer of biological microbial agent activator is evenly spread every 30-40 cm height, and the specification of each spreading is to add biological microbial agent activator in the ratio of 0.7-2.1 kg brown sugar and 0.4-1.6 kg yeast extract;

[0015] After the composting is completed, temperature sensors and humidity sensors are inserted to monitor the temperature and humidity changes inside the compost respectively. According to the monitoring data of the temperature sensors and humidity sensors, the compost temperature is controlled to be maintained between 45 and 55 degrees Celsius, the humidity is maintained between 40% and 60%, and the fermentation time of the farm organic fertilizer is controlled between 40 and 60 days.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the trench digging in ridging and opening boxes specifically includes: a drainage channel is opened between the box floors, the depth of the channel is 18 - 30 cm, the width is 20 - 40 cm, and it has a certain slope.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, sowing specifically includes: determining the optimal sowing time window for Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng according to the long-term climate data and altitude information of the local meteorological department and the growth habits of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng;

[0018] On the basis of staggered sowing, a "pin" - shaped sowing pattern is adopted, that is, adjacent two rows of seedlings are distributed in a "pin" shape;

[0019] After sowing, a fence is set up around the planting area to prevent trampling by humans and livestock. The soil humidity is regularly checked. If the soil is dry, water is replenished in a timely manner through the irrigation system to keep the soil moisture content between 32% and 41%. At the same time, the seed germination situation is observed. If it is found that some seeds do not germinate or there are diseases, corresponding measures are taken in a timely manner, and manual weeding is carried out regularly during the growth period of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, and herbicides cannot be used.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, covering with pine needles specifically includes: placing the collected pine needles in an ultraviolet disinfection chamber or an ozone fumigation chamber for disinfection treatment, and then according to the requirements of layered covering, first use a spreading device to lay a layer of fine pine needles with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm on the surface of the box floor, then spread a layer of organic soil miscellaneous fertilizer with a thickness of 1 - 1.5 cm on it, and finally cover a layer of coarse pine needles with a thickness of 2 - 3 cm.

[0021] This organic and pollution - free planting method of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng also includes: storing the harvested Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng seedlings for subsequent planting of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, and selecting ant soil for storing seedlings, and the storage time is four years. Specifically, select strong, disease - free, well - developed and complete seedlings from the harvested Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng for storing seedlings. Appropriate pruning is carried out on the selected Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng seedlings, removing the withered branches, yellow leaves and over - long stems and vines above the ground, and keeping the stem height about 10 - 15 cm. Then, carry out storage - seedling planting according to the above - mentioned Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng planting process, and add 3 - 4 cm of compost and 1 - 2 cm of compost respectively in the second year and the third year, and lay a new layer of pine needles when composting.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an organic and pollution - free planting method of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] Improve quality

[0024] Reduce pollution: Select microbial inoculants to replace chemical pesticides for pest and disease control, avoiding the residue of chemical pesticides in Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, and ensuring the safety of the medicinal materials. At the same time, the self-made farm organic fertilizer has undergone strict raw material screening and fermentation control, reducing the introduction of harmful substances such as heavy metals, making the quality of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng more pure and pollution-free, meeting the standards of organic and pollution-free Chinese medicinal materials.

[0025] Optimize the growth environment: Select ant soil with a relatively high terrain, good drainage, and rich in humus as the planting area, and create a natural and stable growth environment for Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng by reasonably building a sunshade shed. Appropriate light and temperature conditions are conducive to the photosynthesis and metabolism of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, promoting the synthesis and accumulation of medicinal components, thereby improving its quality.

[0026] Balanced nutrient supply: The farm organic fertilizer is made by composting a variety of high-quality organic raw materials, rich in macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as a variety of trace elements, and can continuously and evenly supply nutrients during the growth process of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the release rate of nutrients from farm organic fertilizers is relatively slow, more in line with the growth and development needs of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, and helps to improve the content of its medicinal components and the stability of quality.

[0027] Increase yield

[0028] Reasonable planting pattern: Adopt a staggered "pin" - shaped sowing pattern, ensuring good ventilation and light transmission between the plants of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng. Sufficient light and air circulation can enhance the photosynthesis efficiency of the plants, promote the synthesis and accumulation of carbohydrates, provide an adequate material basis for the growth and development of the plants, and thus increase the yield per plant and the yield per unit area.

[0029] Precise soil management: The boxed land formed by ridging and opening boxes and the reasonably set drainage channels effectively improve the drainage and ventilation performance of the soil. Avoiding root diseases caused by waterlogging, enabling the roots to grow healthily in a loose and breathable soil environment, enhancing the root's absorption capacity of nutrients and water, and then improving the growth potential and yield of the plants. At the same time, regular soil moisture monitoring and precise irrigation ensure that Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng can obtain appropriate water supply at different growth stages, avoiding the adverse effects of drought or waterlogging on the yield.

[0030] Effective fertilization strategy: Foliar fertilizer is sprayed during the critical period of the growth of pearl ginseng. Foliar fertilizer contains a variety of amino acids, humic acid, seaweed extracts and trace elements, which can quickly replenish the nutrients needed for plant growth, promote leaf growth, photosynthesis and material transport, and improve the plant's resistance and growth vitality, thereby increasing yields. In addition, scientific composting management during the seedling storage process provides sufficient nutrient reserves for the seedlings, allowing them to grow rapidly in subsequent plantings, laying the foundation for high yields.

[0031] Promoting sustainable development

[0032] Soil improvement and protection: The use of organic fertilizers and pine leaf mulching can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. Long-term implementation of this planting method can gradually improve soil fertility, reduce dependence on external fertilizers, and achieve sustainable utilization of soil resources. At the same time, the application of microbial agents helps maintain the balance and diversity of soil microbial communities, promote the health and stability of the soil ecosystem, and further ensure the sustainability of pearl ginseng cultivation.

[0033] Seedling breeding optimization: The four-year seedling storage process, combined with scientific seedling management and soil improvement measures, can cultivate high-quality seedlings with well-developed root systems and strong resistance. These seedlings have a high survival rate and strong growth in subsequent plantings, which is not only conducive to increasing the yield of the season, but also provides a stable and reliable source of seedlings for long-term pearl ginseng planting, reduces the planting risks caused by seedling quality problems, and promotes the sustainable development of the entire pearl ginseng planting industry.

[0034] Eco-friendly planting: During the entire planting process, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers is reduced, reducing pollution to the surrounding water, air and soil environment. By adopting an integrated pest control strategy that combines biological control, physical control and agricultural control, as well as reasonable planting environment management and resource utilization methods, an eco-friendly pearl ginseng planting system has been built, which is conducive to protecting the ecological balance of the planting area and achieving harmonious coexistence between agricultural production and the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a process flow of an organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a finished product of Panax notoginseng produced by the planting method of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of Panax notoginseng fruit produced by the planting method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the growth of the pearl ginseng produced by the planting method of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng produced by the planting method of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of packaging finished products of Panax notoginseng produced by the planting method of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of homemade farm organic fertilizer in the planting method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] A method for organic and pollution-free cultivation of pearl ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step S1, planting environment construction:

[0045] Site selection: Choose ant soil with high terrain, good drainage, fertile soil, and rich in humus as the planting site for pearl ginseng. Such soil has good air permeability and water retention, which can provide a suitable growth environment for the root system of pearl ginseng, which is conducive to the absorption of nutrients and the development of the root system; and soil samples at different depths of the planting site can be collected and sent to professional testing institutions for comprehensive analysis, including indicators such as pH, heavy metal content, and microbial community structure, to ensure that the soil environment meets organic planting standards. The ideal soil pH should be between 6.0-7.0, which is conducive to the absorption of nutrients by pearl ginseng.

[0046] Sunshade construction: Build a sunshade with a height of 1.9 meters to 2.3 meters, control the shading rate at 65%-80%, and ensure ventilation around the sunshade. The spacing between the support columns for the sunshade is 5-6 meters, the spacing between the rows is 3-4 meters, and the drip irrigation system is installed simultaneously when the sunshade is built. The sunshade is made of materials with adjustable shading rate, which can be adjusted according to the demand for light intensity at different growth stages of the pearl ginseng. For example, in the seedling stage, the shading rate can be appropriately increased to 75%-80% to reduce the damage of strong light to the seedlings; as the plant grows, the shading rate is gradually reduced to 65%-70% to promote photosynthesis. Appropriate shading conditions can simulate the light intensity in the natural growth environment of the pearl ginseng, avoid direct strong light from causing damage to the plant, and good ventilation can reduce the incidence of diseases and pests. The drip irrigation system can accurately control the amount of irrigation water, improve the utilization rate of water resources, and avoid soil moisture problems caused by excessive or uneven watering.

[0047] Step S2, pest control:

[0048] Selection and application of microbial agents: Select a compound formula of microbial agents with multiple complementary functions, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma, etc. Bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth of various pathogens in the soil, Bacillus thuringiensis has special effects on pests such as Lepidoptera, and Trichoderma can effectively prevent and control root diseases and promote plant growth. These agents work together to effectively inhibit the growth of pathogens in the soil, have a preventive effect on a variety of pests, and can also promote the growth of pearl ginseng plants. When spreading pesticides on cultivated land, first mix the microbial agent with an appropriate amount of organic carrier (such as bran, sawdust, etc.) to make an agent mixture, and then spread it on the soil surface at a dosage of 12-18 kg per mu, and then plow it to make the agent mixture penetrate 25-30 cm into the soil, ensuring that the microbial agent is evenly distributed in the soil and can play a long-term role. This method of pest control avoids the problem of pesticide residues caused by the use of chemical pesticides and meets the requirements of organic and pollution-free planting;

[0049] Physical control can also be carried out: a solar insecticidal lamp is set up every 2-6 meters in the planting area to trap the pests by taking advantage of their phototaxis. The wavelength and brightness of the insecticidal lamp should be adjusted according to the visual characteristics of common ginseng pests to improve the trapping efficiency.

[0050] Hang yellow sticky insect boards, 35-50 per acre, mainly targeting small pests such as aphids and whiteflies. The height of the sticky insect board should be adjusted in time according to the growth height of the pearl ginseng plant, and kept 12-17 cm higher than the top of the plant to ensure the best pest capture effect.

[0051] Step S3, soil improvement and land preparation:

[0052] Preparation of organic fertilizer for farms: organic fertilizers certified by organic certification and feces powder of herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep, and horses, as well as wood foam processed from miscellaneous wood that has fallen or decayed naturally after a certain period of time after being felled, are preferred as basic raw materials; the details are as follows: fresh feces of herbivorous animals are collected at the farm, and care should be taken to avoid feces contamination during transportation. Spread the collected feces on the drying yard to dry, and turn them regularly to accelerate water evaporation. When the water content of the feces reaches the requirement, use a crusher to crush it. During the crushing process, pay attention to controlling the size of the crushed particles, which can be achieved by adjusting the mesh aperture of the crusher. The crushed feces powder is collected in a special storage container to prevent rain and impurities from mixing; then organize personnel to collect naturally decayed miscellaneous wood in the mountains and forests. When collecting, relevant forestry regulations and ecological protection principles should be followed to avoid excessive logging and damage to the ecological environment. The collected rotten wood is transported to the processing site, cut into wood blocks of appropriate size using cutting equipment, and then sent to the wood chipper for crushing. During high-temperature sterilization, the operating procedures must be strictly followed to ensure that the temperature and time of the sterilizer are accurately controlled. The sterilized wood rot should be used in the compost pile as soon as possible to avoid long-term exposure to the air and causing re-contamination.

[0053] A layer of pre-treated wood rot foam with a thickness of 10-15 cm is laid at the bottom of the composting site, and then a layer of livestock manure powder with a thickness of 3-7 cm is evenly spread on it, followed by a layer of organic fertilizer raw materials with a thickness of 13-18 cm. The layers are stacked in this order, and the total stacking height is controlled between 1.5-5 meters. During the stacking process, a layer of biological microbial agent activator is evenly spread for every 30-40 cm height of the stacking, and added in a ratio of 0.7-2.1 kg of brown sugar and 0.4-1.6 kg of yeast extract. At the same time, in order to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost, some organic materials with high nitrogen content, such as bean cake powder, can be added in appropriate amounts to maintain the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost between 23-31:1. After the composting is completed, insert the temperature sensor and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature and humidity changes inside the compost respectively. When the fermentation temperature exceeds 55 degrees Celsius, the temperature is lowered by turning the compost to maintain the temperature between 45 and 55 degrees Celsius. When the humidity is lower than 40%, it is moisturized by spraying water to maintain the humidity between 40% and 60%. After 40-60 days of fermentation, the maturity of the compost is judged by a number of indicators. In appearance, the color of the compost turns dark brown or black, the texture is loose, there is no obvious odor and it has the fragrance of soil. In terms of physical and chemical indicators, the organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, carbon-nitrogen ratio and other indicators of the compost are measured. When the organic matter content is stable between 30% and 40%, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reaches 8%-12%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio drops to 15-20:1, it can be determined that the compost is mature. The mature compost also needs to be finely screened, using a sieve with an aperture of 5-10 mm to remove large pieces of material and impurities that are not completely decomposed, so as to obtain a farm organic fertilizer with uniform particles and stable quality for the cultivation of pearl ginseng. Through this scientific composting method, we can prepare farm organic fertilizer that is rich in various nutrients, high in organic matter content and harmless, which can provide long-term and stable nutrient supply for the growth of pearl ginseng, improve soil structure, and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer.

[0054] Ridge and box opening: After waiting for a month to complete the pest control of the planting site, spread homemade farm organic fertilizer on the pre-planting site of the pearl ginseng and use a micro-tillage machine to turn the soil and mix it, so that the farm organic fertilizer and the soil are evenly mixed, and then the pre-planting site is leveled, trenched and ridged to form a block-shaped box land with a height of 14-17 cm and a width of 1.1-1.4 meters. Drainage channels are opened between the boxes, with a depth of 18-30 cm and a width of 20-40 cm; and the slope of the drainage channel and the flow, pressure and other parameters of the irrigation equipment are adjusted to ensure the normal operation of the drainage and irrigation systems; the setting of ridges, boxes and drainage channels is conducive to drainage, irrigation and the management of pearl ginseng plants, and can create a good soil structure and spatial layout for the growth of pearl ginseng, and avoid the occurrence of root diseases caused by waterlogging.

[0055] Step S4, seeding:

[0056] Determination of seeding time: Based on the long-term climate data and altitude information of the local meteorological department as well as the growth habits of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, determine the optimal seeding time window for Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng. For example, in areas with higher altitudes and cooler climates, seeding can be carried out from April to May every year; while in areas with lower altitudes and higher temperatures, it is advisable to seed from March to April every year. By precisely selecting the seeding time, ensure that the seeds of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng germinate and grow under the most suitable environmental conditions.

[0057] Seeding pattern: On the basis of staggered seeding, adopt the "pin" - shaped seeding pattern, that is, the adjacent two rows of seedlings are distributed in a "pin" shape, ensuring that both the row spacing and plant spacing are 13 - 19 cm, making the adjacent two rows of seedlings in a staggered distribution, and the horizontal staggering distance between the adjacent two rows of seedlings is half of the plant spacing. Control the seeding depth at 3 - 5 cm. After seeding, cover the soil in time and gently compact it; this seeding pattern ensures that the Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng plants are relatively evenly distributed in the field, can make full use of land resources, and reduce land waste. At the same time, the staggered distribution of the adjacent two rows of seedlings and the specific horizontal staggering distance form a good ventilation and light - transmission pattern between the plants. Sufficient light can promote the photosynthesis of the leaves of Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, provide an adequate material and energy basis for the growth, development of the plants and the synthesis of medicinal components, be conducive to the robust growth of the plants, and improve the quality of the medicinal materials. Good ventilation conditions can reduce the humidity in the field, reduce the environment for the breeding of pests and diseases, and reduce the incidence of diseases. For example, it can effectively reduce the fungal diseases caused by too high humidity.

[0058] The uniform planting layout enables each Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng plant to have a relatively balanced opportunity to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. It avoids the situation that due to overly dense plants, some plants lack nutrients and water, while some plants cause resource waste due to excessive competition. This can ensure that each Panax japonicus Torr. var. wangianus (Sun) Tsai & Tseng plant grows under suitable nutrient and water conditions, is conducive to the healthy development of the roots and the overall robust growth of the plants, promotes the uniform growth of the plants, and improves the yield stability and quality consistency of the population.

[0059] Management after sowing: After sowing, set up fences around the planting site to prevent trampling by people and animals. Check soil moisture regularly. Soil moisture sensors can be used for monitoring. If the soil is dry, replenish water through the irrigation system in time to keep the soil moisture content between 32% and 41%. At the same time, observe the germination of seeds. If it is found that some seeds have not germinated or have diseases, take corresponding measures in time. During the growth period of pearl ginseng, manual weeding is carried out every 1-2 weeks, and herbicides are not allowed. The setting of fences can protect the pearl ginseng seedlings from external interference and maintain the ecological environment of the planting site. Reasonable soil moisture control can provide suitable moisture conditions for seed germination and plant growth. Manual weeding avoids the pollution of herbicides to pearl ginseng plants and soil environment, and ensures the organic quality of pearl ginseng.

[0060] Step S5, covering with pine leaves:

[0061] The collected pine needles are disinfected by ultraviolet irradiation or ozone fumigation to kill the bacteria and eggs carried on the surface of the pine needles and prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Then, according to the requirements of layered covering, first use the spreading equipment to lay a layer of fine pine needles with a thickness of 1-3 cm on the surface of the box, and then spread a layer of organic soil and miscellaneous fertilizer with a thickness of 1-1.5 cm on it, and finally cover it with a layer of coarse pine needles with a thickness of 2-3 cm. During the covering process, pay attention to the control of the thickness of each layer to ensure that the covering is uniform and flat. After the covering is completed, the pine needle layer is lightly compacted to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. Pine needle disinfection can kill the bacteria and eggs carried on the surface of the pine needles and prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Layered covering of pine needles can not only better maintain soil moisture and temperature, but also provide a continuous supply of nutrients for the growth of pearl ginseng, while reducing weed germination and conserving fertilizer.

[0062] Step S6, fertilization:

[0063] Foliar fertilizer application: The seedlings of pearl ginseng will sprout in April every year, and foliar fertilizer will be sprayed after May. The spraying method is to use a manual backpack sprayer, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once in May, June, July, August, and September every year after planting. Foliar fertilizer can be selected from special foliar fertilizers with organic certification. Its nutrients should contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, such as boron, zinc, molybdenum, etc., to meet the nutrient needs of pearl ginseng at different growth stages. When spraying foliar fertilizer, pay attention to choosing 9-11 am or 4-6 pm on a windless and sunny day, and avoid spraying during high temperature and strong light periods to avoid fertilizer damage or affect fertilizer efficiency. In the middle and late stages of growth, according to the planting area and terrain conditions, drones can be used to spray foliar fertilizers. First, plan the drone fertilization route, load the foliar fertilizer solution into the drone fertilization equipment, and perform fertilization operations according to the set parameters. After fertilization, observe the growth of pearl ginseng and adjust the fertilization formula and frequency as needed. At the same time, the spray should be even and meticulous, so that both sides of the leaves can be fully exposed to the fertilizer solution. Through the reasonable application of foliar fertilizer, the nutrients needed for the growth of pearl ginseng can be replenished in time, promoting the growth and development of the plant and the accumulation of medicinal ingredients.

[0064] Seedling treatment

[0065] Seedling selection and pruning: Select healthy, disease-free, and fully developed root seedlings from the harvest of Panax notoginseng, and prune the selected Panax notoginseng seedlings appropriately. When pruning the seedlings, use sharp scissors or pruning shears to prune the above-ground parts and roots to the specified height and length. During the pruning process, be careful to avoid damaging the healthy tissues of the seedlings, remove dead branches and yellow leaves on the above-ground parts, and remove overly long stems and vines, keeping the stem height at around 10-15 cm.

[0066] Planting of seedlings: Plant seedlings according to the above-mentioned planting process of pearl ginseng, and add 3-4 cm of compost and 1-2 cm of compost in the second and third years respectively. When composting, lay a new layer of pine leaves. The seedling planting period is four years, and ant soil is used for seedling planting. The seedling planting site should be a flat land with convenient drainage and irrigation, ventilation and sunshine, and good surrounding ecological environment. The soil is ant soil. Regularly manage the seedling planting site, including watering, fertilization, pest and disease control, etc. Watering should be carried out according to weather conditions and soil moisture conditions, and the soil moisture content should be kept between 30% and 40%; fertilization should be carried out according to the growth stage of pearl ginseng; pest and disease control adopts a combination of biological control, physical control and chemical control to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings during the seedling planting period. The seedling planting process can provide a transitional growth environment for the pearl ginseng seedlings, so that they can maintain a good growth state and vitality before planting again. Reasonable composting and pine leaf mulch can provide a continuous supply of nutrients and a good soil environment for seedlings, improve the seedlings' resistance and adaptability, and ensure the survival rate and growth quality of subsequent plantings.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for organic and pollution-free cultivation of ginseng, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, constructing a planting environment: constructing a planting sunshade at the bead planting site; Step S2, spraying pesticides on the cultivated land: spraying pesticides on the land where the beads are planted, and the pesticides are selected from microbial agents, and then turning the soil over to complete the pest control; Step S3, ridge formation and box formation: wait for one month to complete the pest control on the planting land, then spread farm organic fertilizer on the pre-planting land and use a micro-tillage machine to turn the soil and mix it, so that the farm organic fertilizer and the soil are evenly mixed, and then the pre-planting land is leveled, furrowed and ridged to form a block-shaped box land, the height of the box land is 14-17 cm, and the width is 1.1-1.4 meters; Step S4, sowing: staggered planting is performed on each box plot, and the staggered planting specifically includes: when planting the pearl ginseng seedlings, the row spacing and the plant spacing are ensured to be 13-19 cm, so that the seedlings of two adjacent rows are staggered, and the horizontal staggered distance of the seedlings of two adjacent rows is half of the plant spacing, and the sowing and planting time is any time between March each year and September of the previous year; Step S5, covering with pine needles: after sowing the pearl ginseng in each box plot, each box plot is covered with pine needles at intervals of one to seven days; Step S6, fertilization: Panax notoginseng seedlings will sprout in April every year, and foliar fertilizer will be sprayed after May, using a manual backpack sprayer. Foliar fertilizer will be sprayed once in May, June, July, August and September every year after planting.

2. The organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1, constructing the planting environment specifically includes: selecting ant soil with higher terrain, good drainage, fertile soil and rich in humus as the bead ginseng planting site, and building a sunshade, the height of the sunshade is 1.9 meters to 2.3 high, and ensure that the sunshade is ventilated all around, the shading rate of the sunshade is 65%-75%, the spacing between the support columns for building the sunshade is 5-6 meters, the spacing between the rows is 3-4 meters, and a drip irrigation system is installed simultaneously when building the sunshade.

3. The organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S2 of spraying pesticides on cultivated land specifically includes: selecting a composite formula of multiple microbial agents with complementary functions, and when spraying the pesticides on cultivated land, first mixing the microbial agent with an appropriate amount of organic carrier to make a mixture of agents, and then spreading it on the soil surface at a dosage of 12-18 kg per mu, and then plowing the soil to make the mixture of agents penetrate 25-30 cm into the soil, so as to ensure that the microbial agent is evenly distributed in the soil and can play a role for a long time.

4. The organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the farm organic fertilizer in the ridging and boxing is homemade and the specific process includes: preferably using organic certified organic fertilizer and feces powder of herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep, and horses, and rotten wood foam processed from miscellaneous wood that has fallen naturally or decayed naturally after being felled for a certain period of time as basic raw materials; Afterwards, spread a layer of pre-treated miscellaneous wood and rotten wood foam with a thickness of 10 - 15 cm at the bottom of the composting site, then evenly sprinkle a layer of livestock manure powder with a thickness of 3 - 7 cm on it, and then cover it with a layer of organic fertilizer raw materials with a thickness of 13 - 18 cm. Stack the layers in this order, and control the total stacking height between 1.5 - 5 meters. During the stacking process, for every 30 - 40 cm height of stacking, evenly sprinkle a layer of biological bacteria agent activator, and the specification for each sprinkling is to add the biological bacteria agent activator according to the ratio of 0.7 - 2.1 kg of brown sugar and 0.4 - 1.6 kg of yeast extract; After the composting is completed, insert temperature sensors and humidity sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity changes inside the compost respectively. According to the monitoring data of the temperature sensors and humidity sensors, control the compost temperature to be maintained between 45 - 55 °C, keep the humidity between 40% - 60%, and control the fermentation time of the farmyard organic fertilizer to be 40 - 60 days.

5. The organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific process of ditch digging in ridging and box opening includes: dig drainage channels between the box floors, with the channel depth being 18 - 30 cm, the width being 20 - 40 cm, and having a certain slope.

6. The organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the sowing specifically includes: determining the optimal sowing time window of Panax japonicus Torr. according to the long-term climate data and altitude information of the local meteorological department and the growth habits of Panax japonicus Torr.; On the basis of staggered sowing, adopt the "pin" - shaped sowing mode, that is, the adjacent two rows of seedlings are distributed in a "pin" shape; After sowing, set up a fence around the planting area to prevent trampling by humans and livestock. Regularly check the soil humidity. If the soil is dry, timely replenish water through the irrigation system to keep the soil moisture content between 32% - 41%. At the same time, observe the seed germination situation. If it is found that some seeds do not germinate or there are diseases, take corresponding measures in time, and regularly conduct manual weeding during the growth period of Panax japonicus Torr., and do not use herbicides.

7. The method for organic and pollution-free cultivation of Panax notoginseng according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S5, covering with pine needles specifically includes: placing the collected pine needles in an ultraviolet disinfection room or an ozone fumigation room for disinfection treatment. Then, according to the requirements of layered covering, first use a spreading device to spread a layer of fine pine needles with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm on the surface of the box floor, then sprinkle a layer of organic soil miscellaneous fertilizer with a thickness of 1 - 1.5 cm on it, and finally cover it with a layer of thick pine needles with a thickness of 2 - 3 cm.

8. The organic and pollution-free planting method of Panax notoginseng according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes: After the harvest of Panax japonicus Torr., carry out seedling storage for subsequent planting of Panax japonicus Torr., and select ant soil for seedling storage. The seedling storage time is four years. Specifically, select strong, disease - free, well - developed and intact seedlings from the harvested Panax japonicus Torr. for seedling storage. Appropriately prune the selected seedlings of Panax japonicus Torr., remove the withered and yellow leaves and over - long stems and vines above the ground, and keep the stem height about 10 - 15 cm. Then, carry out seedling storage planting according to the above - mentioned Panax japonicus Torr. planting process, and add 3 - 4 cm of compost and 1 - 2 cm of compost respectively in the second year and the third year. When composting, lay a new layer of pine needles for covering.

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