Clamping and positioning tool and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a clamping and positioning tool and a using method thereof.The clamping and positioning tool comprises a driving mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a base, the base is fixedly arranged at the top of the driving mechanism, the clamping mechanism comprises a sliding part and two symmetrically-arranged clamping assemblies, and the base is located between the two clamping assemblies; the two clamping assemblies can get close to and / or get away from each other in the length direction of the sliding part, each clamping assembly comprises a clamping plate and a plurality of extending parts arranged in the length direction of the clamping plate at intervals, and each extending part can stretch out or retract in the thickness direction of the clamping plate; the driving mechanism comprises an oil storage tank, a push-pull assembly, a first pipeline assembly, a second pipeline assembly, a third pipeline assembly and a fourth pipeline assembly, hydraulic oil is stored in the oil storage tank, one end of the push-pull assembly is rotationally connected with the bottom face of the base, and the push-pull assembly is used for driving the base to move in the vertical direction. According to the clamping and positioning tool, pressure does not need to be applied all the time, operation is easy, clamping stability is good, and special-shaped parts can be clamped.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical parts processing, and in particular relates to a clamping and positioning tool and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Auxiliary tooling for CNC machine tools is equipment and tools used to assist in positioning, clamping, supporting, measuring and tool changing during the processing of CNC machine tools. They can enhance the processing capability of CNC machine tools and improve the processing accuracy and production efficiency of workpieces. In the processing of mechanical parts by CNC machine tools, auxiliary tooling is often installed to fix the mechanical parts. Conventional auxiliary tooling mainly includes clamping tooling, which can achieve rapid positioning of parts by clamping parts during processing. It mainly includes two clamping blocks that can move relative to each other, and screw rods and slides are installed to cooperate with the clamping blocks. When clamping the parts, the two sliders are relatively close by rotating the screw rod, and finally the two clamping blocks are relatively close to clamp the parts. Although the structure of this auxiliary tooling is relatively simple, it takes a long time to operate during clamping and positioning. At the same time, there is a risk of slipping on the outer side of the screw rod if it is used for a long time, which affects the clamping stability.

[0003] In addition, when auxiliary fixing is performed on mechanical parts, a universal auxiliary tooling is generally used to achieve fixation. This universal auxiliary tooling can effectively fix the parts, but for some irregularly shaped parts, the universal auxiliary tooling can only fix the protruding parts of the parts. At this time, the clamping force on each part of the part is not the same, which will seriously affect the clamping stability of the parts. The use of special auxiliary tooling will increase the processing cost and urgently need to be improved. For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN116280526A and the name of a four-claw bottom support cloth insertion machine is provided with four horizontally displaceable clamping plates and a movable seat that can be displaced up and down. During the cloth insertion process, the vertical displacement is converted into horizontal displacement by applying downward pressure to the movable seat, so that the silk cloth can be retracted and multiple clamping plates can be moved closer to the silk cloth to fix the silk cloth; at the same time, the downward pressure can realize the hydraulic oil from a low place to a high place to store energy, and quickly realize the discharge of the foam support when discharging. However, if the above device needs to limit and fix foam trays of different sizes, different downward pressures are required, that is, the smaller the volume of the foam tray, the greater the downward pressure is required to complete the limiting and fixing process; at the same time, the hydraulic oil after transfer can only realize the popping out of the foam tray after energy storage; and when the downward pressure disappears, the clamping force disappears immediately, and a long-term automatic clamping process cannot be achieved.

[0004] Another example is the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN117840369A, entitled "A Positioning Device for Fastener Processing". It also sets multiple clamping blocks that can be moved close or away at the same time to achieve clamping or internal support of the workpiece. It mainly inputs different hydraulic oil capacities to achieve the mutual approach of multiple external clamping blocks to achieve rapid fixation of the workpiece, and at the same time, the switching of external clamping blocks and internal support blocks is achieved through the action of hydraulic oil to achieve rapid conversion between external clamping and internal support. However, when it is used, it must use an external device to input a suitable volume of hydraulic oil to maintain the best clamping state, and it is also impossible to quickly clamp special-shaped parts. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a clamping and positioning tool and a method of using the same.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] One object of the present invention is to provide a clamping and positioning tool, comprising a driving mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a base, wherein the base is fixedly arranged on the top of the driving mechanism, the clamping mechanism comprises a sliding portion and two symmetrically arranged clamping assemblies, the base is located between the two clamping assemblies, the two clamping assemblies can approach and / or move away from each other along the length direction of the sliding portion, each of the clamping assemblies comprises a clamping plate and a plurality of extensions arranged at intervals along the length direction of the clamping plate, and each of the extensions can extend or retract along the thickness direction of the clamping plate;

[0008] The driving mechanism includes an oil storage tank, a push-pull assembly, a first pipeline assembly, a second pipeline assembly, a third pipeline assembly and a fourth pipeline assembly. Hydraulic oil is stored in the oil storage tank. The push-pull assembly includes a first oil storage pipe, one end of the first oil storage pipe is connected to the first pipeline assembly, the other end of the first pipeline assembly is connected to one end of the oil storage tank, one end of the second pipeline assembly is connected to the other end of the oil storage tank, the other end of the second pipeline assembly is connected to one end of the third pipeline assembly and one end of the fourth pipeline assembly, the other end of the third pipeline assembly is connected to the clamping assembly, and the other end of the fourth pipeline assembly is connected to the sliding part; one end of the push-pull assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base, and the push-pull assembly is used to drive the base to move up and down in a vertical direction.

[0009] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the driving mechanism further includes a first piston plate and a first piston rod, one end of the first piston rod passes through the top of the oil storage tank and is fixedly connected to the base, the other end of the first piston rod is located inside the oil storage tank and is fixedly connected to the first piston plate, the first piston rod can move up and down along the height direction of the oil storage tank, and hydraulic oil is filled between the bottom surface of the first piston plate and the bottom of the cavity of the oil storage tank; first oil delivery ports are provided on both sides of the upper end of the oil storage tank, and second oil delivery ports are provided on both sides of the lower end of the oil storage tank, the first oil delivery port and the first oil delivery port are both connected to the oil storage tank, the first oil delivery port is located above the first piston plate, and the second oil delivery port is located below the first piston plate, and two-way pressure flap valves are installed inside the first oil delivery port and the second oil delivery port.

[0010] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the push-pull assembly includes a mounting block, a first fixed seat, a connecting rod, a second fixed seat, a guide block, a first support frame, a pull rod and a first guide rail, the mounting block is fixedly sleeved on one end of the first piston rod close to the first piston plate, one end of the mounting block is fixedly connected to one end of the first fixed seat, the other end of the first fixed seat is rotatably connected to the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the second fixed seat; the bottom surface of the second fixed seat is fixedly connected to the guide block, the second fixed seat is located above the first guide rail, and the guide block is slidably connected to the first guide rail; the outer periphery of the oil storage tank is fixedly sleeved with the first support frame, the end of the first support frame away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to one end of the first guide rail, the end of the guide block away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod, all or part of the pull rod is accommodated in the first guide rail, the end of the pull rod away from the guide block passes through the end of the first guide rail away from the guide block, the end of the pull rod away from the guide block is fixedly provided with a protrusion, the outer diameter of the protrusion is greater than the width of the first guide rail, and the pull rod can move along the length direction of the first guide rail.

[0011] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the push-pull assembly also includes a second support frame, an extension block, a second piston plate, a second piston rod and a first three-way valve, the outer peripheral fixed sleeve of the oil storage tank is provided with the second support frame, the second support frame is located below the first support frame, the end of the second support frame away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to one end of the first oil storage pipe, the end of the first oil storage pipe away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to the first three-way valve and communicated with a joint of the first three-way valve; the bottom surface of the guide block is fixedly connected to the top surface of the extension block, the second piston plate is located inside the first oil storage pipe, one end of the second piston rod passes through one end of the first oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to one side of the extension block, and the other end of the second piston rod is located inside the first oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to the second piston plate.

[0012] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged first oil pipelines, one end of one of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with one of the first oil delivery ports, the other end of one of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with one of the joints of the first three-way valve, one end of another of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with another of the first oil delivery ports, and the other end of another of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with the remaining joint of the first three-way valve; the second pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged second oil pipelines, the third pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged third oil pipelines, the fourth pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged second oil storage pipes and a second three-way valve fixedly arranged at one end of each of the second oil storage pipes, one end of the second oil storage pipe is connected and communicated with one of the joints of the second three-way valve, and the other end of each of the second oil storage pipes is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding portion; the remaining two joints of one of the second three-way valves are respectively connected and communicated with one end of one of the second oil pipelines and one end of one of the third oil pipelines, and the other end of one of the second oil pipelines is connected and communicated with one of the second oil delivery ports.

[0013] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the fourth pipeline assembly also includes a third piston plate and a third piston rod, the third piston plate is located inside the second oil storage pipe, one end of the third piston rod away from the second three-way valve passes through one end of the second oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to the clamp, and the other end of the third piston rod is located inside the second oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to the third piston plate; a first elastic member is sleeved on the outer periphery of the third piston rod, one end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to one side of the third piston plate, and the other end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the second oil storage pipe, and the length of the first elastic member in a natural state is less than the length of the second oil storage pipe.

[0014] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sliding part includes a base plate and a second guide rail fixedly connected to both ends of the base plate, the base plate is fixedly connected to the top of the oil storage tank and the first piston rod passes through the thickness direction of the base plate, the end of the second oil storage pipe away from the second three-way valve is fixedly connected to the end of the second guide rail away from the bottom plate, and the end of the third piston rod away from the second three-way valve also passes through the end of the second guide rail away from the bottom plate; the splint includes a splint body and a clamping block fixedly connected to the middle part of the bottom end of the splint body, the clamping block is located inside the second guide rail and is movably clamped with the second guide rail, the clamping block can move back and forth along the length direction of the second guide rail, and the end of the third piston rod away from the second three-way valve is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping block.

[0015] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, each of the extension portions comprises an oil storage tank, a third oil storage pipe, a fourth piston plate, a fourth piston rod and an auxiliary clamping plate, the length direction of the oil storage tank being parallel to the length direction of the clamp body and perpendicular to the length direction of the third oil storage pipe, a plurality of the third oil storage pipes are evenly spaced apart on a side of each clamp body away from the base, one end of the third oil storage pipe is fixedly connected to a side of the clamp body away from the base, the other end of the third oil storage pipe is fixedly connected to a side of the oil storage tank and the third oil storage pipe is communicated with the oil storage tank, a connected through hole and a groove are provided on one clamp body corresponding to each of the third oil storage pipes, the through hole and the groove jointly penetrate the thickness direction of the clamp body, and the through hole is close to the third oil storage pipe.

[0016] According to some preferred implementation aspects of the present invention, the axis center line of the through hole coincides with the axis center line of the groove, and the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the diameter of the groove; the fourth piston plate is located inside the third oil storage pipe, one end of the fourth piston rod close to the oil storage tank is located inside the third oil storage pipe and fixedly connected to the fourth piston plate, the other end of the fourth piston plate passes through a corresponding one of the through holes and a groove and is fixedly connected to the auxiliary clamping plate, the groove is used to accommodate the auxiliary clamping plate and the volume of the groove matches the volume of the auxiliary clamping plate;

[0017] A second elastic member is sleeved on the outer circumference of the fourth piston rod, one end of the second elastic member is fixedly connected to one side of the fourth piston plate, and the other end of the second elastic member is fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the third oil storage pipe; when the second elastic member is in a natural state, the length of the second elastic member is smaller than the length of the third oil storage pipe, and a side of the auxiliary clamping plate away from the fourth piston rod is flush with a side of the clamping plate body away from the third oil storage pipe.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a clamping and positioning tool, comprising the following steps:

[0019] The workpiece is placed on the base, and then the pull rod is pulled in the direction away from the oil storage tank, so as to drive the first piston rod to move downward, and at the same time drive the second piston rod to move to the side away from the oil storage tank, so that the hydraulic oil inside the first oil storage pipe enters the interior of the oil storage tank through the first oil delivery pipe and the first oil delivery port and is located above the first piston plate, so as to apply downward pressure on the first piston plate, so that the hydraulic oil below the first piston plate enters the interior of the second oil storage pipe through the second oil delivery port and the second oil delivery pipe, and enters the interior of the oil storage tank through the second oil delivery port, the second oil delivery pipe and the third oil delivery pipe, so as to respectively drive the third piston rod to push the two clamping plates closer to each other until the workpiece is clamped, drive the fourth piston rod to push the auxiliary clamping plate to abut against the workpiece, and finally release the pull rod to keep the workpiece clamped;

[0020] When you need to release the workpiece, push the pull rod back toward the oil tank.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: when clamping a workpiece, the clamping and positioning fixture of the present invention realizes the transfer of hydraulic oil by manually controlling the push-pull assembly. When the hydraulic oil is transferred, the workpiece can be automatically clamped and maintained in a clamped state without applying pressure all the time, and there is no need to accurately control the capacity of the hydraulic oil input, nor is there any need to input hydraulic oil externally. The pull rod only needs to be pulled until the workpiece is clamped, and then the pull rod can be released. The operation is simple and the clamping stability is better. In addition, by setting an extension part in the clamping assembly, the hydraulic oil can also be input into the oil storage pipes of multiple extension parts during the transfer process, thereby pushing multiple auxiliary clamping plates to extend and contact the concave and convex parts of the workpiece, realizing multi-point support on the surface of special-shaped parts, avoiding the problem that special-shaped parts need to be clamped using special clamps, thereby realizing the use of the universal clamping and positioning fixture of the present invention to realize the rapid clamping of special-shaped parts, and improving the clamping efficiency and clamping versatility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping and positioning tooling in the preferred embodiment of the present invention from a first viewing angle;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping and positioning tooling in the preferred embodiment of the present invention from a second viewing angle;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a partial structural exploded schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism after matching with the second pipeline assembly, the third pipeline assembly and the fourth pipeline assembly in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure after the sliding part is hidden;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the side view of the structure of the driving mechanism after hiding part of the structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-section structure of a driving mechanism after a part of the structure is hidden in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the oil storage tank, the first piston rod and the first piston plate in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Wherein, the accompanying drawings are marked as follows:

[0031] Oil storage tank-1, base-2, first piston plate-3, first piston rod-4, first oil delivery port-5, second oil delivery port-6, first support frame-7, first guide rail-8, first fixed seat-9, second fixed seat-10, guide block-11, pull rod-12, extension block-13, second support frame-14, first oil storage pipe-15, second piston plate-16, second piston rod-17, first three-way valve-18, first oil delivery pipe-19, second three-way valve-20, first The second oil pipeline -21, the third oil pipeline -22, the bottom plate -23, the second guide rail -24, the second oil storage pipe -25, the third piston plate -26, the third piston rod -27, the first elastic member -28, the clamping plate body -291, the clamping block -292, the oil storage tank -293, the third oil storage pipe -294, the fourth piston plate -295, the fourth piston rod -296, the second elastic member -297, the auxiliary clamping plate -298, the connecting rod -30, the mounting block -31, and the protrusion -32. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1 Clamping and positioning tool

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the clamping and positioning tool of the present invention includes a driving mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a base 2. The base 2 is fixedly arranged on the top of the driving mechanism for placing the workpiece. The driving mechanism is used to drive the clamping mechanism to clamp or release the workpiece. The clamping and positioning tool in this embodiment can clamp regular-shaped or special-shaped parts.

[0035] Specifically, the driving mechanism includes an oil storage tank 1, a first piston plate 3, a first piston rod 4, a push-pull assembly, a first pipeline assembly, a second pipeline assembly, a third pipeline assembly and a fourth pipeline assembly. Figure 7 As shown, the first piston plate 3 is located inside the oil storage tank 1, one end of the first piston rod 4 passes through the top of the oil storage tank 1 and is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base 2, the other end of the first piston rod 4 is located inside the oil storage tank 1 and is fixedly connected to the first piston plate 3, the first piston rod 4 can move up and down along the height direction of the oil storage tank 1, and the bottom of the first piston plate 3 and the bottom of the cavity of the oil storage tank 1 are filled with hydraulic oil. The first oil delivery port 5 is provided on both sides of the upper end of the oil storage tank 1, and the second oil delivery port 6 is provided on both sides of the lower end of the oil storage tank 1. The first oil delivery port 5 is located above the first piston plate 3, and the second oil delivery port 6 is located below the first piston plate 3. Bidirectional pressure flap valves are installed inside the first oil delivery port 5 and the second oil delivery port 6. In actual use, the oil tank 1 can be placed on a horizontal ground or a horizontal workbench to ensure that the device is in a horizontal state. At the same time, in the initial state, the base 2 is at the highest point, that is, the distance between the bottom surface of the first piston plate 3 and the bottom end of the inner cavity of the oil tank 1 is the maximum value. At this time, the hydraulic oil between the two can just push the first piston plate 3 to the highest point, completing the preparation before the workpiece clamping and positioning. In addition, in the initial state, there is no hydraulic oil between the top surface of the first piston plate 3 and the top of the inner cavity of the oil tank 1, and the valve inside the first oil delivery port 5 is not under pressure and is in a closed state. The hydraulic oil between the bottom surface of the first piston plate 3 and the bottom end of the inner cavity of the oil tank 1 can just provide support for the first piston plate 3, ensuring that the first piston plate 3 is in the initial position (highest position), and the valve inside the second oil delivery port 6 is not under pressure and is in a closed state. The setting of the two-way pressure flap valve inside the first oil delivery port 5 and the second oil delivery port 6 allows the hydraulic oil to flow only in one direction.

[0036] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the push-pull assembly includes a mounting block 31, a first fixed seat 9, a connecting rod 30, a second fixed seat 10, a guide block 11, a first support frame 7, a pull rod 12 and a first guide rail 8. The mounting block 31 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the first piston rod 4 close to the first piston plate 3, one end of the mounting block 31 is fixedly connected to one end of the first fixed seat 9, the other end of the first fixed seat 9 is rotationally connected to one end of the connecting rod 30 through a first rotating shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod 30 is rotationally connected to the second fixed seat 10 through a second rotating shaft. The bottom surface of the second fixed seat 10 is fixedly connected to the guide block 11, the second fixed seat 10 is located above the first guide rail 8, and the guide block 11 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 8. Specifically, the upper end of the guide block 11 is located in the first guide rail 8, the lower end of the guide block 11 is located below the bottom surface of the first guide rail 8, and the length of the lower end of the guide block 11 is greater than the width of the first guide rail 8 to prevent the guide block 11 from sliding off the first guide rail 8. A first support frame 7 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the oil storage tank 1, and one end of the first support frame 7 away from the oil storage tank 1 is fixedly connected to one end of the first guide rail 8, and one end of the guide block 11 away from the oil storage tank 1 is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod 12, and all or part of the pull rod 12 is accommodated in the first guide rail 8; one end of the pull rod 12 away from the guide block 11 passes through the end of the first guide rail 8 away from the guide block 11 and is fixedly provided with a protrusion 32, and the outer diameter of the protrusion 32 is larger than the width of the first guide rail 8 to prevent the pull rod 12 from completely entering the first guide rail 8 and making it inconvenient to pull and pull the pull rod 12; by manually pulling the protrusion 32, the pull rod 12 can be further driven to move along the length direction of the first guide rail 8.

[0037] In addition, the push-pull assembly also includes a first oil storage pipe 15, a second support frame 14, an extension block 13, a second piston plate 16, a second piston rod 17 and a first three-way valve 18. The outer periphery of the oil storage tank 1 is fixedly sleeved with a second support frame 14, the second support frame 14 is located below the first support frame 7, the end of the second support frame 14 away from the oil storage tank 1 is fixedly connected to one end of the first oil storage pipe 15, the end of the first oil storage pipe 15 away from the oil storage tank 1 is fixedly connected to the first three-way valve 18 and is communicated with a joint of the first three-way valve 18; the bottom surface of the lower end portion of the guide block 11 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the extension block 13, the second piston plate 16 is located inside the first oil storage pipe 15, one end of the second piston rod 17 passes through one end of the first oil storage pipe 15 and is fixedly connected to one side of the extension block 13, and the other end of the second piston rod 17 is located inside the first oil storage pipe 15 and is fixedly connected to the second piston plate 16.

[0038] Furthermore, the first pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged first oil pipes 19, one end of one first oil pipe 19 is connected to and communicated with a first oil port 5, the other end of one first oil pipe 19 is connected to and communicated with one of the joints of the first three-way valve 18, one end of another first oil pipe 19 is connected to and communicated with another first oil port 5, and the other end of the other first oil pipe 19 is connected to and communicated with the remaining joint of the first three-way valve 18. The second pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged second oil delivery pipes 21, the third pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged third oil delivery pipes 22, and the fourth pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged second oil storage pipes 25, a second three-way valve 20 fixedly arranged at one end of each second oil storage pipe 25, a third piston plate 26 and a third piston rod 27, wherein one end of the second oil storage pipe 25 is connected and communicated with one of the joints of the second three-way valve 20, the remaining two joints of a second three-way valve 20 are respectively connected and communicated with one end of a second oil delivery pipe 21 and one end of a third oil delivery pipe 22, and the other end of a second oil delivery pipe 21 is connected and communicated with a second oil delivery port 6. The third piston plate 26 is located inside the second oil storage pipe 25, and the end of the third piston rod 27 away from the second three-way valve 20 passes through one end of the second oil storage pipe 25, and the other end of the third piston rod 27 is located inside the second oil storage pipe 25 and fixedly connected to the third piston plate 26. The outer periphery of the third piston rod 27 is sleeved with a first elastic member 28, one end of the first elastic member 28 is fixedly connected to one side of the third piston plate 26, and the other end of the first elastic member 28 is fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the second oil storage pipe 25. The length of the first elastic member 28 in a natural state (initial state) is less than the length of the second oil storage pipe 25 to ensure that there is a gap between one end of the third piston plate 26 and one end of the cavity of the second oil storage pipe 25 close to the second oil delivery pipe 21. The first elastic member 28 in this embodiment is preferably a spring.

[0039] Furthermore, if Figures 1 to 4As shown, the clamping mechanism includes a sliding portion and two symmetrically arranged clamping assemblies, the base 2 is located between the two clamping assemblies, and the two clamping assemblies can approach and / or move away from each other along the length direction of the sliding portion. The sliding portion includes a bottom plate 23 and a second guide rail 24 fixedly connected to both ends of the bottom plate 23, each clamping assembly includes a clamping plate and a plurality of extensions evenly spaced along the length direction of the clamping plate, the two clamping plates are parallel to each other, and each clamping plate includes a clamping plate body 291 and a clamping block 292 fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom end of the clamping plate body 291. The bottom plate 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the oil storage tank 1 and the first piston rod 4 penetrates the thickness direction of the bottom plate 23. The end of the second oil storage pipe 25 away from the second three-way valve 20 is fixedly connected to the end of the second guide rail 24 away from the bottom plate 23. The end of the third piston rod 27 away from the second three-way valve 20 also penetrates the end of the second guide rail 24 away from the bottom plate 23 and is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping block 292; the clamping block 292 is located inside the second guide rail 24 and is movably clamped with the second guide rail 24. The clamping block 292 can move back and forth along the length direction of the second guide rail 24. In this embodiment, in the initial state, the base 2 is at the highest point, and the distance between the two clamping components is also the largest at this time.

[0040] Each extension portion includes an oil storage tank 293, a third oil storage pipe 294, a fourth piston plate 295, a fourth piston rod 296 and an auxiliary clamping plate 298. The length direction of the oil storage tank 293 is parallel to the length direction of the clamp body 291 and perpendicular to the length direction of the third oil storage pipe 294. A plurality of third oil storage pipes 294 are evenly fixedly arranged on the side of each clamp body 291 away from the base 2. One end of the third oil storage pipe 294 is fixedly connected to the side of the clamp body 291 away from the base 2, and the other end of the third oil storage pipe 294 is fixedly connected to one side of the oil storage tank 293, and the third oil storage pipe 294 is connected to the oil storage tank 293. A connected through hole and a groove are provided on a clamp body 291 corresponding to each third oil storage pipe 294. The through hole is close to the third oil storage pipe 294. The through hole and the groove run through the thickness direction of the clamp body 291 together, and the axis line of the through hole coincides with the axis line of the groove. The diameter of the through hole is smaller than the diameter of the groove. The groove is used to accommodate the auxiliary clamping plate 298 and the volume of the groove matches the volume of the auxiliary clamping plate 298.

[0041] Specifically, Figure 4As shown, the fourth piston plate 295 is located inside the third oil storage pipe 294, one end of the fourth piston rod 296 close to the oil storage tank 293 is located inside the third oil storage pipe 294 and fixedly connected to the fourth piston plate 295, and the other end of the fourth piston plate 295 passes through a corresponding through hole and a groove and is fixedly connected to the auxiliary clamping plate 298. A second elastic member 297 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the fourth piston rod 296, one end of the second elastic member 297 is fixedly connected to one side of the fourth piston plate 295, and the other end of the second elastic member 297 is fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the third oil storage pipe 294; when the second elastic member 297 is in a natural state, the length of the second elastic member 297 is less than the length of the third oil storage pipe 294, so as to ensure that there is a gap between one end of the fourth piston plate 295 and one end of the cavity of the third oil storage pipe 294 close to the oil storage tank 293. and when the second elastic member 297 is in a natural state, the side of the auxiliary clamping plate 298 away from the fourth piston rod 296 is flush with the side of the clamping plate body 291 away from the third oil storage pipe 294, thereby preventing the auxiliary clamping plate 298 from extending and making it impossible to place the workpiece on the base 2.

[0042] Example 2: Method of using the clamping tool

[0043] The workpiece in this embodiment has a regular shape, and the method for using the clamping and positioning tool specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] First, place the device on a horizontal ground or workbench, and place the workpiece on the base 2, and try to keep the workpiece in the middle of the base 2. At this time, the pull rod 12 can be pulled forward (away from the oil tank 1) to drive the guide block 11 to move forward relative to the first guide rail 8. When the guide block 11 moves forward, the connecting rod 30 is then subjected to tension and deflected, so that the angle between the connecting rod 30 and the first support frame 7 gradually decreases, and a downward pulling force is applied to the base 2. At this time, the base 2 descends and drives the workpiece to descend. When the guide block 11 moves forward, the second piston plate 16 can be driven forward synchronously through the second piston rod 17. At this time, the hydraulic oil inside the first oil storage pipe 15 is then discharged through the first three-way valve 18 and transported into the first oil delivery port 5 through the first oil delivery pipe 19.

[0045] When the base 2 descends, the first piston plate 3 will be driven to descend accordingly. The hydraulic oil entering the first oil delivery port 5 will exert pressure on the two-way pressure flap valve therein to open it. The hydraulic oil will enter the interior of the oil storage tank 1 and be located above the first piston plate 3 to exert downward pressure on the first piston plate 3. At this time, the hydraulic oil located below the first piston plate 3 will then exert pressure on the two-way pressure flap valve inside the second oil delivery port 6, so that the two-way pressure flap valve therein is also opened, and the hydraulic oil is discharged through the second oil delivery port 6. At this time, the two-way pressure flap valve inside the first oil delivery port 5 and the second oil delivery port 6 can prevent the hydraulic oil from flowing back. Subsequently, the hydraulic oil below the first piston plate 3 enters the interior of the second three-way valve 20 through the second oil delivery pipe 21, and continues to enter the interior of the second oil storage pipe 25.

[0046] As the hydraulic oil enters the second oil storage pipe 25, it will push the third piston plate 26 to move away from the second three-way valve 20, and can drive the third piston rod 27 to move away from the second three-way valve 20. At this time, the clamping block 292 will be pushed and slide along its length relative to the second guide rail 24, and finally drive the two clamping plate bodies to get closer to each other until the workpiece is clamped. After the workpiece is clamped, the pull rod 12 can be released. At this time, the two-way pressure flap valve in the first oil delivery port 5 and the second oil delivery port 6 is no longer under pressure, and the valve is automatically closed; the hydraulic oil entering the first piston plate 3 and the hydraulic oil entering the second oil storage pipe 25 will no longer flow back, and the current state, that is, the clamping state, is maintained to complete the rapid clamping and positioning of the workpiece. And with the input of hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil can simultaneously enter the interior of the third oil pipe 22 through a joint of the second three-way valve 20, and then enter the interior of the oil storage tank 293, and finally enter the interior of the third oil storage pipe 294, and exert pressure on the fourth piston plate 295 to drive the fourth piston rod 296 and the auxiliary clamping plate 298 to extend therewith. However, since the shape of the workpiece in this embodiment is a regular shape, the outer surface of the workpiece directly abuts against the auxiliary clamping plate 298, so that the auxiliary clamping plate 298 cannot be extended.

[0047] When the workpiece is clamped and positioned and the processing is completed, if the workpiece needs to be disassembled, the pull rod 12 can be pushed inward (toward the direction close to the oil tank 1), which can push the guide block 11 to move in the direction close to the oil tank 1, and drive the connecting rod 30 to deflect obliquely upward, and finally drive the base 2 to rise. When the base 2 rises, it can simultaneously drive the first piston plate 3 to rise. At this time, the two-way pressure flap valve inside the first oil delivery port 5 is pressurized and opened, and the hydraulic oil above the first piston plate 3 is discharged through the first oil delivery port 5 and the first oil delivery pipe 19 and flows back to the inside of the first oil storage pipe 15 to complete the reset. At the same time, the first piston plate 3 rises to generate negative pressure, and the first elastic member 28 is no longer affected by pressure and automatically resets. The hydraulic oil inside the second oil storage pipe 25 can be recirculated to the bottom of the first piston plate 3 of the oil storage tank 1 through the second oil delivery pipe 21 to complete the reset. At this time, the two clamps are relatively far away from each other, and the limit on the workpiece can be released, so that the workpiece can be quickly disassembled.

[0048] Example 3: Method for using the clamping and positioning tool

[0049] The workpiece in this embodiment is irregularly shaped, and the method of using the clamping and positioning tooling in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2. The difference from Embodiment 2 is that: with the input of hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil can simultaneously enter the interior of the third oil pipeline 22 through a joint of the second three-way valve 20, and then enter the interior of the oil storage tank 293, and finally enter the interior of the third oil storage pipe 294, applying pressure to the fourth piston plate 295 and compressing the second elastic member 297, so as to drive the fourth piston rod 296 and the auxiliary clamping plate 298 to extend and protrude from the side of the clamping plate body 291 close to the groove, until one end of the auxiliary clamping plate 298 contacts the concave or convex part of the irregularly shaped workpiece, and each auxiliary clamping plate 298 can contact different concave or convex parts of the workpiece, so as to realize multi-point support of the irregularly shaped workpiece and complete the clamping and positioning process of the irregularly shaped workpiece.

[0050] In the present invention, the transfer of the hydraulic oil inside the first oil storage pipe 15 and the transfer of the hydraulic oil inside the oil storage tank 1 can be completed by manually pulling the pull rod 12. At the same time, the pressure of the hydraulic oil and the valve characteristics inside the first oil delivery port 5 and the second oil delivery port 6 are used to make the hydraulic oil flow only in one direction, that is, the thrust is converted into the flow of hydraulic oil, and the workpiece is automatically clamped and the current clamping state is maintained by the flow of hydraulic oil. The whole process can be quickly completed by pulling the pull rod 12, which can effectively avoid the problem of the time-consuming manual screwing in the traditional device, and there will be no slipping of the thread, which can significantly improve the clamping positioning efficiency and clamping stability, and realize the rapid clamping positioning of the workpiece. In addition, through the setting of the extension part in the clamping assembly, multiple auxiliary clamping plates 298 can all protrude from the side of the clamping plate close to the workpiece, and multiple auxiliary clamping plates 298 can be kept in contact with the concave or convex part of the special-shaped part, ensuring multi-point support of the special-shaped part, so that the stable clamping of the special-shaped workpiece can be achieved through the universal clamping and positioning tooling, and the production cost and clamping stability can be taken into account.

[0051] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A clamping and positioning tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a driving mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a base, wherein the base is fixedly arranged on the top of the driving mechanism, the clamping mechanism comprises a sliding portion and two symmetrically arranged clamping assemblies, the base is located between the two clamping assemblies, the two clamping assemblies can approach and / or move away from each other along the length direction of the sliding portion, each of the clamping assemblies comprises a clamping plate and a plurality of extensions arranged at intervals along the length direction of the clamping plate, and each of the extensions can extend or retract along the thickness direction of the clamping plate; The driving mechanism includes an oil storage tank, a push-pull assembly, a first pipeline assembly, a second pipeline assembly, a third pipeline assembly and a fourth pipeline assembly. Hydraulic oil is stored in the oil storage tank. The push-pull assembly includes a first oil storage pipe, one end of the first oil storage pipe is connected to the first pipeline assembly, the other end of the first pipeline assembly is connected to one end of the oil storage tank, one end of the second pipeline assembly is connected to the other end of the oil storage tank, the other end of the second pipeline assembly is connected to one end of the third pipeline assembly and one end of the fourth pipeline assembly, the other end of the third pipeline assembly is connected to the clamping assembly, and the other end of the fourth pipeline assembly is connected to the sliding part; one end of the push-pull assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base, and the push-pull assembly is used to drive the base to move up and down in a vertical direction.

2. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism also includes a first piston plate and a first piston rod, one end of the first piston rod passes through the top of the oil storage tank and is fixedly connected to the base, the other end of the first piston rod is located inside the oil storage tank and is fixedly connected to the first piston plate, the first piston rod can move up and down along the height direction of the oil storage tank, and hydraulic oil is filled between the bottom surface of the first piston plate and the bottom of the cavity of the oil storage tank; first oil delivery ports are provided on both sides of the upper end of the oil storage tank, and second oil delivery ports are provided on both sides of the lower end of the oil storage tank, the first oil delivery port and the first oil delivery port are both connected to the oil storage tank, the first oil delivery port is located above the first piston plate, and the second oil delivery port is located below the first piston plate, and two-way pressure flap valves are installed inside the first oil delivery port and the second oil delivery port.

3. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The push-pull assembly includes a mounting block, a first fixed seat, a connecting rod, a second fixed seat, a guide block, a first support frame, a pull rod and a first guide rail, wherein the mounting block is fixedly sleeved on an end of the first piston rod close to the first piston plate, one end of the mounting block is fixedly connected to one end of the first fixed seat, the other end of the first fixed seat is rotatably connected to the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the second fixed seat; the bottom surface of the second fixed seat is fixedly connected to the guide block, the second fixed seat is located above the first guide rail, and the guide block is slidably connected to the first guide rail; the outer periphery of the oil storage tank is fixedly sleeved with the first support frame, the end of the first support frame away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to one end of the first guide rail, the end of the guide block away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod, all or part of the pull rod is accommodated in the first guide rail, the end of the pull rod away from the guide block passes through the end of the first guide rail away from the guide block, and the end of the pull rod away from the guide block is fixedly provided with a protrusion, the outer diameter of the protrusion is greater than the width of the first guide rail, and the pull rod can move along the length direction of the first guide rail.

4. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The push-pull assembly also includes a second support frame, an extension block, a second piston plate, a second piston rod and a first three-way valve. The outer peripheral fixed sleeve of the oil storage tank is provided with the second support frame, the second support frame is located below the first support frame, one end of the second support frame away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to one end of the first oil storage pipe, one end of the first oil storage pipe away from the oil storage tank is fixedly connected to the first three-way valve and communicated with a joint of the first three-way valve; the bottom surface of the guide block is fixedly connected to the top surface of the extension block, the second piston plate is located inside the first oil storage pipe, one end of the second piston rod passes through one end of the first oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to one side of the extension block, and the other end of the second piston rod is located inside the first oil storage pipe and fixedly connected to the second piston plate.

5. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged first oil pipelines, one end of one of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with one of the first oil delivery ports, the other end of one of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with one of the joints of the first three-way valve, one end of another of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with another of the first oil delivery ports, and the other end of another of the first oil pipelines is connected and communicated with the remaining joint of the first three-way valve; the second pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged second oil pipelines, the third pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged third oil pipelines, the fourth pipeline assembly includes two symmetrically arranged second oil storage pipes and a second three-way valve fixedly arranged at one end of each of the second oil storage pipes, one end of the second oil storage pipe is connected and communicated with one of the joints of the second three-way valve, and the other end of each of the second oil storage pipes is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding portion; the remaining two joints of one of the second three-way valves are respectively connected and communicated with one end of one of the second oil pipelines and one end of one of the third oil pipelines, and the other end of one of the second oil pipelines is connected and communicated with one of the second oil delivery ports.

6. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fourth pipeline assembly also includes a third piston plate and a third piston rod, the third piston plate is located inside the second oil storage pipe, one end of the third piston rod away from the second three-way valve passes through one end of the second oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to the clamping plate, the other end of the third piston rod is located inside the second oil storage pipe and is fixedly connected to the third piston plate; a first elastic member is sleeved on the outer periphery of the third piston rod, one end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to one side of the third piston plate, the other end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the second oil storage pipe, and the length of the first elastic member in a natural state is less than the length of the second oil storage pipe.

7. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding part includes a bottom plate and a second guide rail fixedly connected to both ends of the bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the top of the oil storage tank and the first piston rod passes through the thickness direction of the bottom plate, the end of the second oil storage pipe away from the second three-way valve is fixedly connected to the end of the second guide rail away from the bottom plate, and the end of the third piston rod away from the second three-way valve also passes through the end of the second guide rail away from the bottom plate; the clamping plate includes a clamping plate body and a clamping block fixedly connected to the middle part of the bottom end of the clamping plate body, the clamping block is located inside the second guide rail and is movably clamped with the second guide rail, the clamping block can move back and forth along the length direction of the second guide rail, and the end of the third piston rod away from the second three-way valve is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping block.

8. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the extension parts includes an oil storage tank, a third oil storage pipe, a fourth piston plate, a fourth piston rod and an auxiliary clamping plate, the length direction of the oil storage tank is parallel to the length direction of the clamp body and perpendicular to the length direction of the third oil storage pipe, and a plurality of the third oil storage pipes are evenly spaced apart on the side of each of the clamp bodies away from the base, one end of the third oil storage pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the clamp body away from the base, the other end of the third oil storage pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the oil storage tank and the third oil storage pipe is connected to the oil storage tank, and a connected through hole and a groove are provided on one of the clamp bodies corresponding to each of the third oil storage pipes, the through hole and the groove run through the thickness direction of the clamp body together, and the through hole is close to the third oil storage pipe.

9. The clamping and positioning tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The axis center line of the through hole coincides with the axis center line of the groove, and the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the diameter of the groove; the fourth piston plate is located inside the third oil storage pipe, one end of the fourth piston rod close to the oil storage tank is located inside the third oil storage pipe and fixedly connected to the fourth piston plate, and the other end of the fourth piston plate passes through a corresponding through hole and a groove and is fixedly connected to the auxiliary clamping plate, the groove is used to accommodate the auxiliary clamping plate, and the volume of the groove matches the volume of the auxiliary clamping plate; A second elastic member is sleeved on the outer circumference of the fourth piston rod, one end of the second elastic member is fixedly connected to one side of the fourth piston plate, and the other end of the second elastic member is fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the third oil storage pipe; when the second elastic member is in a natural state, the length of the second elastic member is smaller than the length of the third oil storage pipe, and a side of the auxiliary clamping plate away from the fourth piston rod is flush with a side of the clamping plate body away from the third oil storage pipe.

10. A method for using the clamping and positioning tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The workpiece is placed on the base, and then the pull rod is pulled in the direction away from the oil storage tank, so as to drive the first piston rod to move downward, and at the same time drive the second piston rod to move to the side away from the oil storage tank, so that the hydraulic oil inside the first oil storage pipe enters the interior of the oil storage tank through the first oil delivery pipe and the first oil delivery port and is located above the first piston plate, so as to apply downward pressure on the first piston plate, so that the hydraulic oil below the first piston plate enters the interior of the second oil storage pipe through the second oil delivery port and the second oil delivery pipe, and enters the interior of the oil storage tank through the second oil delivery port, the second oil delivery pipe and the third oil delivery pipe, so as to respectively drive the third piston rod to push the two clamping plates closer to each other until the workpiece is clamped, drive the fourth piston rod to push the auxiliary clamping plate to abut against the workpiece, and finally release the pull rod to keep the workpiece clamped; When you need to release the workpiece, push the pull rod back toward the oil tank.

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