Transverse and longitudinal adjustable grinding and polishing system

Abstract

The invention provides a transverse and longitudinal adjustable grinding and polishing system, and belongs to the field of sample grinding and polishing machining.The grinding and polishing system comprises a rack, a clamping device, a grinding and polishing module and a programmable console, and the grinding and polishing module comprises a transverse moving mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a bilateral grinding and polishing mechanism; the double-side grinding and polishing mechanism comprises a machine shell, an abrasive belt winding and unwinding device installed on the machine shell, a grinding and polishing pressure self-adaption opening and closing mechanism, an elastic pressure head and a grinding and polishing head conversion device. According to the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing machine, grinding and polishing machining of various rod-shaped or plate-shaped samples can be achieved, four degrees of freedom are achieved, and constant-speed control, pressure control and free conversion of grinding and polishing heads can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of sample grinding and polishing, and in particular to a grinding and polishing system which is adjustable in the horizontal and vertical directions. Background Art

[0002] Metal materials for aviation are subject to rigorous fatigue testing to characterize the material properties or the behavior of components during cyclic loading. Previous test data show that unqualified test specimens will cause data distortion and seriously affect the accuracy of fatigue testing. The "Aviation Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China" HB5287-96 stipulates that rod-shaped or plate-shaped specimens must finally undergo a polishing process along the axis of the specimen to remove surface residual stress and ensure that the surface roughness Ra of the specimen is 0.32μm. The "Aviation Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China" recommends the use of standardized processing equipment and supporting processes to solidify the specimen processing technology to ensure that the specimens submitted by different manufacturers have stable and consistent test performance.

[0003] Suppliers of aviation materials for the civil aviation industry need to obtain Nadcap certification. Nadcap audits focus on process control of measurement and testing. In material analysis and testing certification, sample processing is considered a capability that material laboratories must possess, and the requirements for low-stress grinding and polishing technology, codes Z1 and Z2, to remove residual stress on the sample surface are the most stringent. Currently, there are 6 testing agencies in my country that have obtained the Z1 code, and only 4 that have obtained the Z2 code.

[0004] In addition to the civil aviation industry, more and more industries such as automobiles and ships have begun to re-examine the processing quality issues of material testing specimens, and truly require that test specimens meet the requirements of relevant standards, such as ASTME466, HB5287, etc.

[0005] In summary, excellent materials require excellent performance. The development of domestic aviation materials and the improvement of sample quality are also imperative. The longitudinal throwing machine involved in this patent is a standardized equipment developed to improve sample quality.

[0006] The most traditional method of sample polishing is manual polishing by workers using sandpaper or angle grinder. Since the polishing force is difficult to control, the surface of the polished sample has tiny edges or bosses, which cannot effectively eliminate the surface residual stress and cannot meet the surface roughness of Ra=0.32μm specified in the "Aviation Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China", and the efficiency is low.

[0007] The longitudinal polishing equipment used by most testing institutions is a simple combination of a lathe and a belt grinder. The entire polishing process can be summarized in three points: (1) The three-jaw chuck completes the sample clamping; (2) The spindle box drives the sample to make a circular motion; (3) The contact that can reciprocate along the axial direction presses the polishing belt against the sample for cyclic grinding and polishing.

[0008] Although this type of equipment can greatly improve the degree of automation and polishing efficiency compared to manual work, it still belongs to open-loop control without a feedback adjustment mechanism. From the start of the equipment to the end of the process, the sample polishing quality cannot be tracked and adjusted. This type of equipment can only be used for polishing rod-shaped samples.

[0009] Utility model patent CN212918712U provides a low-stress longitudinal grinding and polishing device for metal round bars. There are three problems with this patent: the patent does not lay out the whole machine or grinding and polishing device, only makes minor changes to the clamping device, and adds an insignificant chip collection function; the concept of constant speed and constant pressure control is mentioned in the article, but no specific measures are given; it is only applicable to rod-shaped specimens.

[0010] Invention patent CN111843752B provides a longitudinal grinder and polisher for rod-type specimens. This invention has three problems: Since there is no rotation of the polishing part, this invention should not be considered as grinding and polishing in the strict sense, but it can indeed obtain grinding lines completely along the axial direction. In this patent, the grinding operation and the renewal of the abrasive belt cannot be carried out simultaneously, which may lead to two results. First, if the specimen is all polished by the same part of the abrasive belt, the fine metal particles remaining on the abrasive belt in the first polished part are very likely to scratch the later polished part; second, if it is segmented grinding, the abrasive belt is renewed every time a section is polished, which will seriously affect the grinding efficiency. The existing patents cannot achieve the technical effect of longitudinal lines, and the existing grinder and polisher chuck loosens with special tools, which is cumbersome to operate.

[0011] Through the analysis of existing technologies, it can be seen that the common problems of existing longitudinal polishing machines are that the structure is simple, and they can only polish conventional rod-shaped specimens, but not plate-shaped specimens or other parts, and the application scenarios are too narrow. As for the polishing quality, it is impossible to adjust it during the operation and trace it after the operation, which easily leads to unqualified specimens. Summary of the invention

[0012] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions, comprising a frame, a clamping device, a grinding and polishing module, and a programmable console, wherein the clamping device comprises a tailstock moving motor, a fixture rotating motor, a synchronous belt, a front ejector seat, a front ejector, a rear ejector, a tailstock, a ball screw transmission assembly, a linear guide assembly, a front clamp, and a rear clamp;

[0013] The grinding and polishing module includes a lateral movement mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism; the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism includes a housing, a sanding belt retracting and releasing device installed on the housing, a grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism, an elastic pressure head and a grinding and polishing head conversion device; the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism is connected to the lifting mechanism;

[0014] The housing is provided with a back plate countersunk hole, the lifting mechanism is provided with a ball screw transmission component, and the ball screw transmission component is provided with a nut through hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the front ejector seat, the ball screw rotating assembly and the linear guide assembly are all fixed on the horizontal operating table of the frame; the front ejector seat, the ball screw rotating assembly and the linear guide assembly are all fixed on the horizontal operating table of the frame; the front ejector seat is used to install the front ejector and the front clamp, and the front ejector and the front clamp can both rotate around their respective axes; the front ejector seat is connected to the tailstock moving motor and the fixture rotating motor; the rotational motion output by the fixture rotating motor is directly transmitted to the front clamp, and the rotational motion is simultaneously transmitted to the front ejector through the synchronous belt; the tailstock is coaxial with the front ejector seat; the rear ejector and the rear clamp are installed on the tailstock, and the rear ejector and the rear clamp can both rotate around their respective axes.

[0016] The tailstock is connected to the ball screw transmission assembly, and the tailstock is connected to the linear guide assembly. The moving motor transmits the output rotational motion to the ball screw transmission assembly, thereby driving the tailstock to move along the slide rail. When clamping the sample, the tailstock moves forward, and when releasing the sample, the tailstock moves backward.

[0017] Furthermore, the front clamp includes a clamp shaft, a clamp seat, a left clamp jaw, a right clamp jaw, a lead screw, a guide rod, a lead screw nut, and a screw; the clamp seat includes a clamp seat guide rod hole and a screw mounting hole; the left clamp jaw includes a clamp jaw guide rod hole, a nut mounting groove, and a jaw; the structure of the right clamp jaw is the same as that of the left clamp jaw; the lead screw includes a right-handed threaded section, a left-handed threaded section, and a star-shaped handwheel; wherein the small diameter end of the clamp shaft is connected to the clamp rotating motor, and the large diameter end of the clamp shaft is connected to the clamp seat; the clamp seat body is U-shaped, with a screw mounting hole in the middle, and clamp seat guide rod holes on both sides of the screw mounting hole; the left clamp jaw and the right clamp jaw are provided with lead screw nut mounting grooves and clamp jaw guide rod holes; the lead screw has a right-handed threaded section and a left-handed threaded section with opposite rotation directions; there are two lead screw nuts.

[0018] Furthermore, the left clamp jaw corresponds to the left-handed section of the thread, and the right clamp jaw corresponds to the right-handed section of the thread; the two screw nuts establish a spiral transmission relationship with the left-handed section of the thread and the right-handed section of the thread respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the transverse movement mechanism includes a column, a back plate, a motor seat, a servo motor, a screw and a linear guide assembly; the column is fixed on the horizontal work surface of the frame, the back plate is fixed on the top of the column, and the motor seat is fixed in the middle position on the left side of the back plate; the servo motor is installed on the motor seat, and the servo motor output shaft is connected to the screw through a coupling; there are two groups of linear guide assemblies, which are arranged on both sides of the screw, and the linear guide assembly is provided with two sliders.

[0020] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a back plate, a motor seat, a servo motor, a ball screw transmission component, a linear guide assembly and a connecting block, the ball screw transmission component includes a screw; the motor seat is fixed at the middle position of the upper end of the slide, the servo motor is installed on the motor seat, the servo motor is connected to the screw in the ball screw transmission component through a coupling, the linear guide assembly includes two left-right symmetrical guide rails, the guide rails are arranged on both sides of the screw, and each group of guide rails has two sliders; there are two connecting blocks in total, each connecting block connects the sliders at the same position of the guide rails, and the connecting block is provided with a threaded hole.

[0021] Furthermore, a slider connecting boss 1, a skateboard nut connecting boss, and a slider connecting boss 2 are provided on the back side of the back plate, wherein both slider connecting boss 1 and slider connecting boss 2 are provided with countersunk holes, and the skateboard nut connecting boss is provided with a threaded hole; the slider connecting boss 1 and the countersunk hole are connected to the slider threaded hole of the linear guide rail assembly in the transverse movement mechanism; the threaded hole is connected to the screw rod in the transverse movement mechanism.

[0022] Furthermore, the countersunk hole of the back plate is cooperatively connected with the threaded hole of the connecting block.

[0023] Furthermore, a nut connecting boss is provided on the side plate of the casing facing the lifting mechanism, and a threaded hole is provided on the nut connecting boss; the threaded hole is matched and connected with the nut through hole by a screw.

[0024] Furthermore, the sanding belt taking-up and unwinding device includes a belt taking-up reel, a belt unwinding reel, a sanding belt traction device, a taking-up motor, a sanding belt guide wheel, a synchronous belt, and a casing back plate; the taking-up motor is installed on the casing back plate, the taking-up motor is installed on the casing back plate, the torque output by the taking-up motor is used to directly drive the driving wheel in the sanding belt traction device, and the taking-up motor transmits the torque to the synchronous wheel friction clutch of the belt taking-up reel through the synchronous belt; the sanding belt traction device includes a sanding belt traction device driving wheel and a sanding belt traction device friction wheel.

[0025] Furthermore, the belt reel includes a synchronous wheel friction clutch, a bearing, a belt reel, a belt reel back plate, a belt reel pressure plate, a star-shaped handwheel with an internal thread, and a belt reel D, wherein the friction clutch, the bearing, the belt reel back plate, the belt reel D, the belt reel pressure plate, and the star-shaped handwheel with an internal thread are connected from left to right through the belt reel to form a belt reel; the belt reel includes a clutch mounting section, a bearing mounting section, a regular hexagonal prism section, and an external thread section, and the belt reel includes a clutch mounting section, a bearing mounting section, a hexagonal prism section, and an external thread section from left to right; the clutch mounting section is connected to the bearing mounting section, the bearing mounting section is connected to the hexagonal prism section, and the hexagonal prism section is connected to the external thread section; the synchronous wheel friction clutch includes a synchronous wheel, a clutch outer ring, a clutch inner ring, and an overload torque adjustment handwheel.

[0026] Furthermore, the grinding and polishing head replacement device comprises a grinding and polishing head conversion device base, a motor, a bevel gear 1, a bevel gear 2, and a grinding and polishing head rotation disk. The grinding and polishing head conversion device base is a mounting seat for the motor and the grinding and polishing head rotation disk. The rotational motion of the motor is transmitted to the grinding and polishing head rotation disk through the bevel gear 1 and the bevel gear 2.

[0027] The grinding and polishing head rotation disk includes a retaining frame, a wide grinding and polishing head, a middle grinding and polishing head, and a narrow grinding and polishing head, wherein the wide grinding and polishing head corresponds to a wide polishing part, the middle grinding and polishing head corresponds to a middle polishing part, and the narrow grinding and polishing head corresponds to a narrow polishing part.

[0028] Furthermore, the polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism includes a base, an opening and closing mechanism control motor, a synchronous belt transmission assembly, a screw, a screw nut, a Z-axis translation base one, a Z-axis translation base two, a linear guide assembly, and a connecting block. The opening and closing mechanism control motor is installed on the right side plate of the base, and the rotational motion output by the opening and closing mechanism control motor is transmitted to the screw through the synchronous belt transmission assembly.

[0029] Furthermore, the elastic pressure head includes an upper mounting plate, a spring seat, a lower mounting plate, a pressure sensor, a spring, a linear guide assembly, and a grinding and polishing head conversion device base. The sliders of the two sets of linear guide assemblies are respectively installed on the lower surface of the upper mounting plate and the upper surface of the lower mounting plate of the Z-axis translation base 2.

[0030] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0031] (1) Tool positioning is clearer and more efficient. The present invention does not require special tools, and the operation is simpler and more efficient. The present invention polishes the side of the plate-shaped product, and the plate-shaped product does not require special clamping of the circular part, and the product does not need to be specially processed in advance. The abrasive belt moves longitudinally on the workpiece, and the polishing lines are longitudinal. (2) The existing patents use different speed stages, and the present invention always uses a constant speed working mode during operation; different feature points are set in the existing holding technique, the existing technology is point control, and the present invention is continuous linear control. At the same time, the present invention can realize processing methods such as line polishing, surface polishing, and point polishing. (3) Realize point polishing processing for aviation fatigue specimens, and surface grinding and polishing of advanced ultra-high strength steel test samples greater than 1500 MPa. Constant pressure and constant speed polishing can be achieved. It has a sufficiently large clamping range and can adapt to specimens of different lengths and shapes. The present invention can also be used for polishing rod-shaped specimens.

[0032] (4) A clamping device is designed to clamp rod or plate specimens of different sizes.

[0033] The "Aviation Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China" provides five standard rod-shaped specimens with different size parameters, four plate-shaped specimens, and two additional non-standard specimens.

[0034] The present invention adopts a double ejector clamping method for rod-shaped specimens. The front ejector is an active component and can be driven to rotate by a motor. The rear ejector is a driven component and is mounted on a tailstock. The tailstock can move forward and backward along the axis of the specimen under the action of a servo motor and a ball screw pair. After the double ejectors firmly push the specimen, the rotational motion of the front ejector can be smoothly transmitted to the specimen, driving the specimen to make a circular motion around the axis, thereby realizing 360° grinding and polishing without dead angles.

[0035] The present invention is designed to have a clamp with openable and closable jaws for plate-like specimens. A screw is installed at the center of the U-shaped base of the clamp, and the screw is bounded by the symmetry plane of the clamp, and the threads on both sides have opposite rotation directions. The left and right jaws establish a spiral transmission relationship with the screw segments with opposite rotation directions through nuts. When the hand wheel at the end of the screw is rotated, the left and right jaws move toward each other at the same time, thereby achieving the clamping and loosening of the plate-like specimen. In order to ensure the stability of the clamping of the plate-like specimen, the above-mentioned clamps are used in pairs, wherein the front clamp is an active component, which can be driven by a precision stepping motor to clamp the specimen and flip it at a preset angle. It is stipulated in the "Aviation Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China" that the plate-like specimen only needs to be longitudinally polished on the side, and there is no need to flip it. However, the addition of the clamp rotation function makes it possible to apply the longitudinal polishing machine to other plate-like workpieces that need to grind and polish multiple surfaces, or even irregular workpieces.

[0036] Both methods have a large enough clamping range to accommodate specimens of different lengths.

[0037] (5) Setting up a grinding and polishing device with four degrees of freedom

[0038] The four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device includes an X-direction lateral movement mechanism, a Y-direction lifting mechanism, a Z-direction grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism, and an abrasive belt rotating around X. The first three degrees of freedom of translation ensure that the grinding and polishing head accurately fits the outer dimensions of different specimens and automatically matches the appropriate grinding and polishing pressure. The last degree of freedom of rotation is used to polish the specimen. The abrasive is not allowed to contact the workpiece twice, and a top-tight contact type is used on the outside of the workpiece.

[0039] The four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device combined with the clamping device mentioned above enables this patented machine to not only be competent for longitudinal polishing of specimens, but also to be able to grind and polish various workpieces within the allowable size range under program control, greatly expanding the application scenarios of the machine.

[0040] (6) Designed a constant speed control device for belt retraction and extension

[0041] The four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device is also equipped with a sanding belt retracting device, which is used to keep the sanding belt updated while grinding and polishing the sample, so as to avoid the used sanding belt from participating in the new grinding and polishing operation, scratching the working surface and affecting the polishing quality. The sanding belt retracting device involved in this patent has the characteristic of keeping the sanding belt linear speed constant, which not only ensures the stability of the grinding and polishing process, improves the grinding and polishing quality, but also effectively avoids the waste of sanding belt.

[0042] The abrasive belt is wound around multiple sets of guide wheels and two sets of grinding and polishing heads, and then clamped by the abrasive belt traction device driving wheel and the friction pressure wheel, and finally wound on the take-up reel. Since the diameter of the abrasive belt traction device driving wheel is constant and the angular velocity of the motor is constant, the linear velocity of the abrasive belt at the rim of the driving wheel is a constant value. As the grinding and polishing work proceeds, the diameter of the take-up reel increases due to the winding of the abrasive belt, and the linear velocity of the abrasive belt at the rim is a gradually increasing variable. When the linear velocity of the same abrasive belt is different at two locations, the take-up reel will slip relative to the take-up reel under the action of the clutch to match the appropriate linear velocity, while keeping the abrasive belt in a tensioned state to ensure the stable winding of the take-up reel.

[0043] At the same time, in order to prevent the unwinding reel from being unstable when releasing the abrasive belt, an adjustable damping structure is added to the end of the unwinding reel to ensure smooth unwinding and that the abrasive belt can remain in a tensioned state.

[0044] (7) Setting up the polishing pressure control system

[0045] The parameterized pressure control system collects pressure through sensors, pre-sets pressure values, collects pressure in real time, and controls by comparing pressure values.

[0046] Double-sided synchronous grinding and polishing is adopted to improve processing efficiency. To ensure the grinding and polishing quality, a pressure control system is designed for the grinding and polishing head part that is in direct contact with the sample to achieve different grinding and polishing process requirements. The grinding and polishing pressure control system mainly consists of two parts: the elastic pressure head and the grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism.

[0047] The elastic pressure head is a PU rubber grinding and polishing wheel with special size designed behind the abrasive belt to tighten the abrasive belt to match the single-point or multi-point contact of different forms of workpieces. The grinding and polishing wheels on each side are hinged to the slider of the double linear guide through the connecting shaft to ensure smooth and free movement. A spring tightening device and a pressure sensor are designed behind the slider. The pressure between the pressure head and the workpiece can be ensured to be within the preset range by selecting the spring process parameters. The pressure sensor can also collect the pressure value during processing in real time.

[0048] The grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism is realized by a set of forward and reverse screw synchronous drive mechanism driven by a precision servo motor. The two sets of elastic pressure heads on both sides of the workpiece are connected to the nuts of the forward and reverse screws through sliders. The whole device uses double linear guides to ensure smooth movement. Different shapes can be programmed to control the profiling process. In addition, because of the real-time pressure collection during the processing, when the pressure exceeds the preset value, the program can adjust the pressure value by controlling the advance and retreat compensation of the pressure head to ensure that the pressure value is controllable in real time. After the grinding and polishing is completed, the grinding and polishing process pressure curve can also be generated to facilitate data storage and system correction, so as to achieve traceability of the grinding and polishing process.

[0049] (8) Setting up grinding and polishing head conversion device

[0050] Both the rod-shaped specimens and the plate-shaped specimens are dumbbell-shaped, wide at both ends and narrow in the middle, and the arc radii at the wide and narrow transition points are different. The smaller the arc radius, the smaller the width of the grinding and polishing head should be, so as to ensure that the abrasive belt fits tightly with the sample surface at the arc, which is beneficial to the consistency of the sample surface grinding and polishing. When grinding straight sections, the width of the grinding and polishing head should not be too small. If the width is too small, on the one hand, it will restrict the grinding and polishing efficiency, and on the other hand, it will cause the abrasive belt to be unable to be fully utilized within the width range, resulting in waste. In view of this situation, the present invention designs a grinding and polishing head conversion device. The rotating disk in the device is equipped with three types of grinding and polishing heads: wide, medium, and narrow. The grinding and polishing head replacement motor can switch to a grinding and polishing head with appropriate width under the control of a preset program during the transition stage between the straight section and the arc section. The addition of the conversion device allows the grinding and polishing process to take into account both quality and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 Prior art grinding and polishing machine device;

[0052] Figure 2 Prior art grinding and polishing machine device;

[0053] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the overall structure of the longitudinal throwing machine of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of the clamping device;

[0055] Figure 5 Side view of the clamping device;

[0056] Figure 6 Overall schematic diagram of the clamp structure;

[0057] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the components of the clamp structure;

[0058] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the clamping and opening shape of the plate specimen;

[0059] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the clamping closed shape of the plate specimen;

[0060] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the grinding and polishing module structure;

[0061] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the transverse movement mechanism;

[0062] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of lifting mechanism;

[0063] Fig.13 Skateboard diagram;

[0064] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the principle of connection between the lifting mechanism and the transverse movement mechanism;

[0065] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the connection principle between the lifting mechanism and the transverse movement mechanism;

[0066] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the casing;

[0067] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of the principle of establishing connection between the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism and the lifting mechanism;

[0068] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the principle of establishing connection between the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism and the lifting mechanism;

[0069] Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the front view of the sanding belt retracting and releasing device;

[0070] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the rear view of the sanding belt retracting and releasing device;

[0071] Fig.21 Schematic diagram of the structure of the abrasive belt tractor;

[0072] Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of the take-up reel structure;

[0073] Fig.23 Schematic diagram with reel;

[0074] Fig.24 Schematic diagram of synchronous wheel friction clutch;

[0075] Fig.25 Stereoscopic diagram of grinding and polishing head conversion device;

[0076] Fig.26 Side view of the grinding and polishing head conversion device;

[0077] Fig. 27 Schematic diagram of the grinding and polishing head rotating disc structure;

[0078] Fig.28 Schematic diagram of the wide polishing section structure;

[0079] Fig.29 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle polishing part;

[0080] Fig.30 Schematic diagram of the narrow polishing section structure;

[0081] Fig.31 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism;

[0082] Fig.32 It is a schematic diagram of the elastic pressure head structure;

[0083] Description of reference numerals:

[0084] 1-frame; 2-clamping device; 3-polishing device; 4-programmable console; 5-tailstock moving motor; 6-clamp rotating motor; 7-synchronous belt; 8-front ejector seat; 9-front ejector; 10-rear ejector; 11-tailstock; 12-ball screw transmission assembly; 13-linear guide assembly; 14-front clamp; 15-rear clamp; 16-clamp shaft; 17-clamp seat; 18-clamp seat guide rod hole; 19-screw mounting hole; 20-left jaw; 21-clamp jaw guide rod hole; 22-nut mounting groove; 23-jaw; 24-right jaw; 25-screw; 26-right-handed thread section; 27-left-handed thread section; 28-star handwheel; 29-guide rod; 30-screw nut; 31-screw; 32-transverse mechanism; 33- Lifting mechanism; 34-double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism; 35-column; 36-back plate; 37-motor seat; 38-servo motor; 381-coupling; 39-screw; 40-linear guide assembly; 401-slider; 41-back plate; 42-motor seat; 43-servo motor; 431-coupling; 44-screw; 45-guide rail; 451-slider; 46-connecting block; 461-threaded hole; 47, -slider connecting boss 1; 48-nut connecting boss; 49-countersunk hole; 50-threaded hole; 51-slider connecting boss 2; 52-casing; 53-nut connecting boss; 54-threaded hole; 541-nut through hole; 55-back plate countersunk hole; 56-rewinding roll; 57-unwinding roll; 58-sand belt tractor; 59 - rewinding motor; 60- abrasive belt guide wheel; 61- synchronous belt; 62- housing back plate; 63- abrasive belt tractor drive wheel; 64- abrasive belt tractor friction wheel; 65- synchronous wheel friction clutch; 66- bearing; 67- belt reel; 68- abrasive belt roll back plate; 69- abrasive belt roll pressure plate; 70- star handwheel with internal thread; D abrasive belt roll; 71- clutch mounting section; 72- bearing mounting section; 73- regular hexagonal prism section; 74- external thread section; 75- synchronous wheel; 76- clutch outer ring; 77- clutch inner ring; 78- overload torque adjustment handwheel; 79- grinding and polishing head conversion device base; 80- motor; 81- bevel gear one; 82- bevel gear two; 83- grinding and polishing head rotation disk; 84- cage; 85- wide grinding and polishing head ;86-middle grinding and polishing head;87-narrow grinding and polishing head;88-wide polishing part;89-middle polishing part;90-narrow polishing part;91-grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism;92-elastic pressure head;93-grinding and polishing head conversion device;94-base;95-opening and closing mechanism control motor;96-synchronous belt transmission assembly;97-screw rod;98-screw rod nut;99-Z-direction translation base one;100-Z-direction translation base two;101-linear guide assembly;102-connecting block;103-upper mounting plate;104-spring seat;105-lower mounting plate;106-pressure sensor;107-spring;108-linear guide assembly;109-grinding and polishing head conversion device base;110-rod specimen A;111-plate specimen B;112- abrasive belt C; 113- abrasive belt roll D. ; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and thus their repeated description will be omitted.

[0086] In addition, the described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. In the following description, many specific details are provided to provide a full understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be practiced while omitting one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. may be adopted. In other cases, known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0087] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figure relative to another element or feature. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, the spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, the elements described as being "under" other elements or features will be positioned "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term "under" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device can also be positioned in other ways, such as rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations, and the spatially relative descriptions used here can be interpreted accordingly.

[0088] Figure 1 to Figure 2 It is a grinding and polishing device in the prior art. The prior art does not have the rotation of the polishing part and should not be regarded as a grinding and polishing device in the strict sense.

[0089] The technical features of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0090] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a grinding and polishing system that is adjustable in transverse and longitudinal directions, comprising a frame 1, a clamping device 2, a grinding and polishing module 3, and a programmable console 4;

[0091] Combination Figure 3The frame 1 is described, wherein the frame 1 is a steel structure frame welded from square tube profiles, and the function of the frame is to provide installation and positioning for the clamping device 2, the grinding and polishing module 3, and the programmable console 4.

[0092] Combine the following Figure 4 and Figure 5 The clamping device 2 will be described in detail.

[0093] The clamping device 2 includes a motor, a transmission mechanism, a double ejector mechanism, a double clamp mechanism, and a double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism. The clamping device can clamp the plate-shaped sample B111 and the rod-shaped sample A110.

[0094] The clamping device 2 specifically includes a tailstock moving motor 5, a fixture rotating motor 6, a synchronous belt 7, a front ejector seat 8, a front ejector 9, a rear ejector 10, a tailstock 11, a ball screw transmission assembly 12, a linear guide assembly 13, a front clamp 14, and a rear clamp 15. The clamping device 2 is responsible for the clamping of the sample. For the rod-shaped sample A110, a double ejector clamping method is adopted, wherein the front ejector 10 is an active part, and under the condition that the sample is pressed tightly, the rod-shaped sample can be rotated around the axis under the drive of the motor; for the plate-shaped sample B111, a clamping method of the front clamp 14 and the rear clamp 15 is adopted, wherein the front clamp 14 is an active part, and can be turned around the axis at a specific angle under the drive of the motor. This function will come into play when there is a need to grind and polish multiple surfaces.

[0095] The front ejector seat 8 , the ball screw rotating assembly 12 and the linear guide rail assembly 13 are all fixed on the horizontal operating table of the frame 1 .

[0096] The front ejector seat 8 is used to install the front ejector 9 and the front clamp 14. The front ejector 9 and the front clamp 14 can both rotate around their respective axes.

[0097] The front ejector seat 8 is connected to the tailstock moving motor 5 and the fixture rotating motor 6 .

[0098] The rotational motion output by the clamp rotating motor 6 is directly transmitted to the front clamp 14 on the one hand, and is transmitted to the front ejector 9 through the synchronous belt 7 on the other hand.

[0099] The tailstock 11 is coaxial with the front ejector seat 8. The rear ejector 10 and the rear clamp 15 are mounted on the tailstock 11, and the rear ejector 10 and the rear clamp 15 can rotate around their respective axes.

[0100] The tailstock 11 is connected to the ball screw transmission assembly 12, and the tailstock 11 is connected to the linear guide assembly 13. The moving motor 5 transmits the output rotational motion to the ball screw transmission assembly 12, thereby driving the tailstock 11 to move along the slide rail. When clamping the sample, the tailstock 11 moves forward, and when releasing the sample, the tailstock 11 moves backward.

[0101] The front clamp 14 and the rear clamp 15 have the same structure. The front clamp 14 is an active clamp driven by a motor, and the rear clamp 15 is a driven clamp.

[0102] Now combine Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The clamp 14 is used as an example to illustrate the clamp structure and working principle.

[0103] The front clamp 14 includes a clamp shaft 16, a clamp seat 17, a left clamp jaw 20, a right clamp jaw 24, a screw rod 25, a guide rod 29, a screw nut 30, and a screw 31; the clamp seat 17 includes a clamp seat guide rod hole 18 and a screw mounting hole 19; the left clamp jaw 20 includes a clamp jaw guide rod hole 21, a nut mounting groove 22, and a jaw 23; the structure of the right clamp jaw 24 is the same as that of the left clamp jaw 20; the screw rod 25 includes a right-handed thread section 26, a left-handed thread section 27, and a star handwheel 28; there are two screw nuts 30;

[0104] The small diameter end of the clamp shaft 16 is connected to the clamp rotating motor 6 , and the large diameter end of the clamp shaft 16 is connected to the clamp seat 17 .

[0105] The main body of the clamp seat 17 is U-shaped, with the screw mounting hole 19 in the middle, and the clamp seat guide rod holes 18 on both sides of the screw mounting hole 19; the corresponding positions of the left jaw 20 and the right jaw 24 are provided with screw nut mounting grooves 22 and jaw guide rod holes 21 on both sides of the mounting grooves. The screw 25 has a right-handed thread section 26 and a left-handed thread section 27 with opposite rotation directions. During installation, the screw 25 passes through the nut mounting grooves 22 on the clamp seat 17 and the left jaw 20 and the right jaw 24. The left jaw 20 corresponds to the left-handed thread section 27, and the right jaw 24 corresponds to the right-handed thread section 26. The two screw nuts 30 respectively establish a spiral transmission relationship with the left-handed thread section 27 and the right-handed thread section 26, and are fixed to the left jaw 20 and the right jaw 24 by screws 31. Before fixing, it should be ensured that the left jaw 20 and the right jaw 24 remain symmetrical with the longitudinal section of the clamp seat 17.

[0106] Combine the following Figure 8 , Fig. 9The working principle of the clamping device for clamping plate-shaped specimens is described below. The guide rod 29 is passed through the clamp seat 17 and the jaw guide rod hole 21 to limit the rotational freedom of the jaw around the axis of the screw rod 25. In this way, the jaws 23 are controlled to open and close by rotating the star-shaped hand wheel 28 to complete the clamping or loosening of the plate-shaped specimen.

[0107] Combine the following Fig.10 The grinding and polishing module is described in detail. The grinding and polishing module includes a transverse movement mechanism 32, a lifting mechanism 33 and a double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism 34; the grinding and polishing device has four degrees of freedom, which include: displacement of the transverse movement mechanism 32 along the X direction, displacement of the lifting mechanism 33 along the Y direction, opening and closing of the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism 34 in the Z direction and rotation of the grinding and polishing belt around X. The first three translational degrees of freedom can ensure that the grinding and polishing head accurately fits the outer dimensions of different samples and matches the appropriate grinding and polishing pressure, and the last rotational degree of freedom is used to polish the sample.

[0108] Combination Fig.11 The transverse movement mechanism 32 is described, and the transverse movement mechanism 32 includes a column 35, a back plate 36, a motor seat 37, a servo motor 38, a lead screw 39 and a linear guide assembly 40.

[0109] The column 35 is fixed on the horizontal work surface of the frame 1, the back plate 36 is fixed on the top of the column 35, and the motor seat 37 is fixed at the middle position on the left side of the back plate 36. The servo motor 38 is installed on the motor seat 37, and the output shaft of the servo motor 38 is connected to the screw rod 39 through a coupling 381; the linear guide assembly 40 has two groups, which are arranged on both sides of the screw rod 39, and the linear guide assembly 40 has two sliders 401.

[0110] Combine the following Fig.12 The lifting mechanism 33 is described in detail. The lifting mechanism 33 includes a back plate 41 , a motor seat 42 , a servo motor 43 , a ball screw transmission component, a linear guide assembly and a connecting block 46 . The ball screw transmission component includes a screw 44 .

[0111] The motor seat 42 is fixed at the middle position of the upper end of the slide plate 41, and the servo motor 43 is installed on the motor seat 42. The servo motor 43 is connected to the screw 44 in the ball screw transmission component through a coupling 431. The linear guide assembly includes two left-right symmetrical guide rails 45, and the guide rails 45 are arranged on both sides of the screw 44. Each group of guide rails 45 has two sliders 451; there are two connecting blocks 46, and each connecting block 46 connects the sliders 451 at the same position of the guide rails 45. In this way, the two sliders belonging to different groups of guide rails and the corresponding connecting blocks are fixedly connected together and can move up and down along the guide rails together.

[0112] Combination Fig.13 The back plate 41 is described in detail. Fig.13The back of the back plate 41 is provided with a slider connecting boss 1 47 , a slide plate nut connecting boss 48 , and a slider connecting boss 2 51 , wherein both the slider connecting boss 1 47 and the slider connecting boss 2 51 are provided with countersunk holes 49 , and the slide plate nut connecting boss 48 is provided with a threaded hole 50 .

[0113] Combination Fig.14 , Fig.15 The working principles of the lifting mechanism and the transverse mechanism are explained: the slider connecting boss 47 and the countersunk hole 49 are connected to the slider threaded hole of the linear guide assembly 40 in the transverse mechanism 32 through screws; the threaded hole 50 is connected to the screw rod 39 in the transverse mechanism 32 through screws; after completing the above connection, the lifting mechanism 33 can be translated along the X direction under the drive of the servo motor 38 in the transverse mechanism 32.

[0114] Combination Figures 1 to 20 The double-sided polishing mechanism 34 is the core mechanism of the polishing device of the present invention. The double-sided polishing mechanism 34 includes a housing 52, a belt retracting device installed on the housing, a polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism 91, an elastic pressure head 92 and a polishing head conversion device 93. The double-sided polishing mechanism 34 has the functions of constant control of the belt linear speed, adaptive adjustment of the polishing pressure and conversion of the polishing head, wherein the constant control function of the belt linear speed is realized by the belt retracting device, the adaptive function of the polishing pressure is realized by the elastic pressure head in combination with the polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism, and the polishing head conversion function is realized by the polishing head conversion device. The double-sided polishing mechanism 34 is described in detail below.

[0115] Combination Fig.16 The casing 52 is described in detail. The casing 52 is a closed shell assembled from panels, and its function is to provide a mounting position for components and to provide protection for the components.

[0116] The side plate of the housing 52 facing the lifting mechanism 33 has a nut connection boss 53, and a threaded hole 54 is reserved on the nut connection boss 53. The housing 52 is provided with a back plate countersunk hole 55.

[0117] Combine the following Fig.17 , Fig.18 To illustrate the working principle of the connection between the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism and the lifting mechanism, the ball screw transmission component of the lifting mechanism 33 also includes a nut through hole 541, and the threaded hole 54 is used to cooperate with the nut through hole 541 through a screw. The back plate countersunk hole 55 is used to cooperate with the threaded hole 461 of the connecting block 46 through a screw.

[0118] The double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism is connected to the lifting mechanism.

[0119] After the above connection is completed, the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism 34 can move along the Y direction under the drive of the servo motor 43 in the lifting mechanism 33.

[0120] Combine the following Fig.19 , Fig. 20 Describe the sanding belt retracting device in detail.

[0121] The function of the sanding belt retracting device is to keep the sanding belt updated while grinding and polishing the sample, so as to avoid the used sanding belt from participating in the new grinding and polishing operation, scratching the working surface and affecting the polishing quality. The sanding belt retracting device also has the characteristic of keeping the sanding belt linear speed constant, which not only ensures the stability of the grinding and polishing process, improves the grinding and polishing quality, but also effectively avoids the waste of sanding belt.

[0122] The sanding belt retracting and unwinding device includes a belt reel 56 , a belt unwinding reel 57 , a sanding belt tractor 58 , a rewinding motor 59 , a sanding belt guide wheel 60 , a synchronous belt 61 , and a housing back plate 62 .

[0123] Combination Fig.19 , Fig. 20 The composition of the abrasive belt retracting and unwinding device and the abrasive belt winding method are described as follows: the abrasive belt C112 is rolled up from the unwinding belt 57, passes through multiple sets of guide wheels and two sets of grinding and polishing heads, is clamped by the abrasive belt tractor 58 driving wheel and the friction clamping wheel, and is finally wound on the take-up reel 56.

[0124] The winding motor 59 is mounted on the housing back plate 62 . The torque output by the winding motor 59 is used to directly drive the driving wheel 63 in the sand belt traction device 58 . The winding motor 59 transmits the torque to the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 of the belt reel 56 through the synchronous belt 61 .

[0125] Combine the following Fig. 20 , Fig.21 The sanding belt traction device 58 is described in detail. The sanding belt traction device 58 includes a sanding belt traction device driving wheel 63 and a sanding belt traction device friction wheel 64. The sanding belt C112 passes between the sanding belt traction device driving wheel 63 and the sanding belt traction device friction wheel 64. When the two press the sanding belt to generate friction, the friction force is the main power. When the main power is sufficient to overcome various resistances of the sanding belt, the sanding belt traction device driving wheel 63 will extract the sanding belt C112 from the unwinding reel 57 through friction transmission.

[0126] Combine the following Fig. 20 , Fig. 22The belt take-up reel 56 is described in detail. The belt take-up reel 56 includes a synchronous wheel friction clutch 65, a bearing 66, a belt reel 67, a belt reel back plate 68, a belt reel pressure plate 69, a star handwheel with internal threads 70, and a belt reel D113, wherein the friction clutch 65, the bearing 66, the belt reel back plate 68, the belt reel D113, the belt reel pressure plate 69, and the star handwheel with internal threads 70 are connected from left to right in sequence through the belt reel 67 to form the belt take-up reel 56.

[0127] Combine the following Fig. 22 and Fig.23 The belt reel 67 is described in detail. The belt reel 67 includes a clutch mounting section 71, a bearing mounting section 72, a regular hexagonal prism section 73, and an external thread section 74. The belt reel 67 includes the clutch mounting section 71, the bearing mounting section 72, the hexagonal prism section 73, and the external thread section 74 from left to right. The clutch mounting section 71 is connected to the bearing mounting section 72, the bearing mounting section 72 is connected to the hexagonal prism section 73, and the hexagonal prism section 73 is connected to the external thread section 74.

[0128] Combine the following Fig. 22 , Fig.23 and Fig.24 The synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 is described in detail. The synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 includes a synchronous wheel 75, a clutch outer ring 76, a clutch inner ring 77, and an overload torque adjustment hand wheel 78. The synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 has the function of interrupting the torque transmission between the inner and outer rings by slipping under overload conditions. The synchronous wheel 75 is sleeved and fixed on the clutch outer ring 76. The clutch inner ring 77 is tightly matched with the clutch mounting section 71 and fixed with a tightening screw. The overload torque adjustment hand wheel 78 is used to set the torque value when the inner and outer rings slip.

[0129] First, insert the bearing mounting section 72 into the inner ring of the bearing 66, and then make the inner ring of the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 fit tightly with the clutch mounting section 71, and fix it with a tightening screw. Then, sequentially put the regular hexagonal holes on the abrasive belt roll back plate 68, the abrasive belt roll D113, and the abrasive belt roll pressure plate 69 on the regular hexagonal prism section 73. The regular hexagonal prism section 73 is similar to a spline structure, which can ensure that the torque and speed are reliably transmitted to the parts on the shaft. Finally, tighten the star-shaped handwheel 70 with internal threads on the external thread section 74 to axially limit the various parts on the shaft.

[0130] The synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 has the function of interrupting the torque transmission between the inner and outer rings by slipping in the case of overload.

[0131] Combination Figures 19 to 24 The working principle of the sanding belt retracting device to keep the sanding belt linear speed constant is as follows:

[0132] Since the diameter of the driving wheel of the belt traction device is constant and the angular velocity of the motor is constant, the linear velocity of the belt at the rim of the driving wheel is a constant value. As the grinding and polishing work proceeds, the diameter of the belt reel increases due to the winding of the belt, and the linear velocity of the belt at the rim is a variable that gradually increases. When the linear velocity of the same belt is different at two locations, the belt will be torn off. To address this problem, the belt traction device 58 and the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 are used in combination, so that the belt reel 56 can stably recycle the used belt while keeping the linear velocity of the belt constant. The principle is as follows:

[0133] The belt traction device driving wheel 63 and the belt traction device friction wheel 64 squeeze the belt to generate friction force F f The friction torque M is formed at the take-up reel 56. f =F f ×d, d is the diameter of the abrasive belt roll. As the grinding and polishing work proceeds, the d value gradually increases. f is a variable that increases synchronously with it.

[0134] When M f Greater than the clutch overload torque setting value M s When the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 is overloaded, the inner and outer rings slip. At this time, the outer ring idles relative to the belt reel, the belt reel and the sanding belt roll thereon are stationary, and the sanding belt linear speed is only provided by the sanding belt tractor 58, so it remains constant. The slippage causes the sanding belt to loosen at the belt reel, and the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 reengages to complete the belt reeling work until the sanding belt is tightened and causes new slippage. The above-mentioned synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 is disconnected and engaged instantaneously. During the repeated disconnection and engagement of the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65, the sanding belt maintains a constant linear speed, and the belt reel 56 also ensures the tightness of the wound sanding belt.

[0135] Since the above process must occur from beginning to end in the grinding and polishing operation, s To set it to always be less than M f , which is less than M f Min. f The minimum value only appears at the beginning of the grinding and polishing process, when the abrasive belt roll corresponds to the minimum diameter d min , M fmin =F f ×d min .

[0136] The structure of the unwinding reel 57 is substantially the same as that of the taking-up reel 56, the only difference being that an adjustable damping structure is added to the reel end of the unwinding reel to ensure smooth unwinding and that the abrasive belt can remain in a tensioned state.

[0137] Combination Fig.25 , Fig.26The grinding and polishing head conversion device is described in detail. The grinding belt used for grinding is a flexible material. When the grinding belt is stretched on the grinding and polishing head with a certain tension, it will wrap around the grinding and polishing head and deform into a polishing part that is consistent with the shape of the grinding and polishing head. Therefore, the width of the polishing part depends on the width of the grinding and polishing head. In theory, a wider polishing part can achieve higher efficiency when grinding and polishing the straight section of the sample; a narrower polishing part can achieve better quality when grinding and polishing the arc section of the sample. Moreover, the types and sizes of samples are diverse, and a polishing part of a single width will inevitably not be able to meet all grinding and polishing operations. Based on this, a grinding and polishing head replacement device is designed. The rotating disk in the device is equipped with three types of grinding and polishing heads: wide, medium, and narrow, which can be switched freely under program control.

[0138] The grinding and polishing head replacement device 93 includes a grinding and polishing head conversion device base 79, a motor 80, a bevel gear 1 81, a bevel gear 2 82, and a grinding and polishing head rotation disk 83. The grinding and polishing head conversion device base 79 is both a mounting seat for the motor 80 and a mounting seat for the grinding and polishing head rotation disk 83. The rotational motion output by the motor 80 is transmitted to the grinding and polishing head rotation disk 83 through a pair of meshing bevel gears 1 81 and bevel gear 2 82.

[0139] Combine the following Figures 25 to 30 The grinding and polishing head rotation disk 83 is described in detail. The grinding and polishing head rotation disk 83 is equipped with a wide grinding and polishing head 85, a medium grinding and polishing head 86, and a narrow grinding and polishing head 87. The grinding and polishing head rotation disk 83 includes a retaining frame 84, a wide grinding and polishing head 85, a medium grinding and polishing head 86, and a narrow grinding and polishing head 87, wherein the wide grinding and polishing head 85 corresponds to a wide polishing part 88, the medium grinding and polishing head 86 corresponds to a medium polishing part 89, and the narrow grinding and polishing head 87 corresponds to a narrow polishing part 90.

[0140] Combine the following Figures 1 to 31 The grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism 91 is described in detail. The grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism 91 includes a base 94, an opening and closing mechanism control motor 95, a synchronous belt transmission assembly 96, a screw 97, a screw nut 98, a Z-axis translation base 1 99, a Z-axis translation base 2 100, a linear guide rail assembly 101, and a connecting block 102. The opening and closing mechanism control motor 95 is installed on the right side plate of the base 94. The rotational motion output by the opening and closing mechanism control motor 95 is transmitted to the screw 97 through the synchronous belt transmission assembly 96. The Z-axis translation base 1 99 and the Z-axis translation base 2 100 are mirror-image parts with the same structural form.

[0141] The fork-shaped ends of the two connecting blocks 102 are respectively inserted into the slots of the two screw nuts 98, and the other ends are mounted on the bases of the Z-direction translation base 1 99 and the Z-direction translation base 2 100. The bases of the Z-direction translation base 1 99 and the Z-direction translation base 2 100 are also connected to the slider of the linear guide assembly 101, and the guide rail of the linear guide assembly 101 is fixed on the lower plate surface of the base 94. In order to make the guidance stable, two sets of linear guides are used.

[0142] When the opening and closing mechanism controls the motor 95 to drive the screw 97 to rotate, the Z-direction translation base 1 99 and the Z-direction translation base 2 100 will move in the opposite direction synchronously. When the polishing head is in excessive contact with the workpiece and the polishing pressure is too large, the openings of the two bases will increase; when there is a gap between the polishing head and the workpiece and the polishing pressure is too small, the openings of the two bases will decrease to maintain the stability of the polishing pressure. The polishing pressure is collected by the elastic pressure head.

[0143] Combine the following Figures 1 to 32 The elastic pressure head 92 is described, and the elastic pressure head 92 includes an upper mounting plate 103, a spring seat 104, a lower mounting plate 105, a pressure sensor 106, a spring 107, a linear guide assembly 108, and a grinding and polishing head conversion device base 109. The sliders of the two sets of linear guide assemblies 108 are respectively mounted on the lower surface of the upper mounting plate 103 and the upper surface of the lower mounting plate 105 of the Z-direction translation base 2 100. The guide rails of the two sets of linear guide assemblies 108 are respectively mounted on the upper and lower surfaces of the grinding and polishing head conversion device base 79, so that the grinding and polishing head conversion device base 79 can slide along the guide rails.

[0144] The center of the conversion device base 79 has a rectangular opening, which is sleeved on the spring seat 104 of the Z-direction translation base 100. A spring 107 is installed in the spring seat hole, and the right movable end of the spring is pressed against the left surface of the pressure sensor 106, which is the pressure sensing surface. The pressure sensor 106 is fixed on the right surface of the rectangular opening in the center of the conversion device base 79. The installation method of the elastic pressure head on the Z-direction translation base 1 99 is just the opposite.

[0145] The elastic design of the pressure head ensures that the grinding and polishing head and the sample fit tightly due to elastic contact, while also accurately collecting pressure changes and controlling the opening and closing mechanism to adjust the grinding and polishing posture.

[0146] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0147] 1. When grinding and polishing a conventional shaft-like rod-shaped specimen A110, use the front ejector pin 9 and the rear ejector pin 10 in the clamping device 2 to tighten the front and rear end surfaces of the specimen, and ensure that the specimen is coaxial with the front ejector pin 9 and the rear ejector pin 10. Select the corresponding program in the programmable control platform 4. After the program runs, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device 3 automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The clamping device 2 drives the rod-shaped specimen to rotate, the abrasive belt retracting device drives the abrasive belt to circulate, and the grinding and polishing device 3 feeds along the axial direction of the specimen in the X direction. When the grinding and polishing operation ends, the program automatically controls the machine to stop.

[0148] 2. When grinding and polishing the conventional plate-shaped specimen B111, use the front clamp 14 and the rear front clamp 15 in the clamping device 2 to clamp the two ends of the specimen. Select the corresponding program in the programmable control platform 4. After the program runs, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device 3 automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The clamping device 2 always keeps the side of the plate-shaped specimen in contact with the abrasive belt. The abrasive belt retracting device drives the abrasive belt to circulate, and the grinding and polishing device 3 feeds along the axial direction of the specimen in the X direction. When the grinding and polishing operation ends, the program automatically controls the machine to stop.

[0149] 3. When grinding and polishing a columnar workpiece, use the front ejector pin 9 and the rear ejector pin 10 in the clamping device 2 to tighten the front and rear end surfaces of the sample, and ensure that the workpiece is coaxial with the front ejector pin 9 and the rear ejector pin 10. Use the programmable control platform 4 to compile the processing program and parameters. After the program is run, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The clamping device 2 drives the columnar workpiece to rotate, and the abrasive belt retracting device drives the abrasive belt to circulate. Under program control, the grinding and polishing device 3 feeds along the axial direction of the sample in the X direction and ensures that the abrasive belt always fits the workpiece through the opening and closing in the Z direction, and performs contour grinding and polishing. When the grinding and polishing operation ends, the program automatically controls the machine to stop.

[0150] 4. When grinding and polishing a spherical workpiece, use the front ejector pin 9 and the rear ejector pin 10 in the clamping device 2 to tighten the front and rear process holes of the workpiece. Use the programmable control platform 4 to compile the processing program and parameters. After the program is run, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The clamping device 2 drives the spherical workpiece to rotate, the abrasive belt retracting device drives the abrasive belt to circulate, and the grinding and polishing device 3 feeds along the axial X direction of the sample under program control and ensures that the abrasive belt always fits the workpiece through the opening and closing in the Z direction, and performs contour grinding and polishing. When the grinding and polishing operation ends, the program automatically controls the machine to stop.

[0151] 5. When grinding and polishing a plate-shaped workpiece, use the front clamp 14 and the rear front clamp 15 in the clamping device 2 to clamp both ends of the part. Use the programmable control platform 4 to compile the processing program and parameters. After the program is run, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device 3 automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The abrasive belt retracting device drives the abrasive belt circulation, and the grinding and polishing device 3 feeds along the axial X direction of the sample and ensures that the abrasive belt always fits the workpiece through the opening and closing in the Z direction, and grinds and polishes the contour. When the grinding and polishing operation ends, the program automatically controls the machine to stop. After each surface is polished, the clamp rotates a certain angle to continue polishing other surfaces.

[0152] 6. When grinding and polishing a workpiece with a non-collinear shaft segment structure, such as a crankshaft. Use the front ejector pin 9 and the rear ejector pin 10 in the clamping device 2 to hold the front and rear process holes of the workpiece. Use the programmable control platform 4 to compile the processing program and parameters. After the program runs, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device 3 automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The sanding belt retracting device drives the sanding belt to circulate. With the cooperation of the translational freedom of the grinding and polishing device 3 in the X, Y, and Z directions and the rotational freedom of the clamp around the X direction, the sanding belt always fits the workpiece to complete the contour grinding and polishing.

[0153] 7. When grinding and polishing irregularly shaped workpieces, use the front clamp 14 and the rear front clamp 15 in the clamping device 2 to clamp the two ends of the part. Use the programmable control platform 4 to compile the processing program and parameters. After the program is run, the four-degree-of-freedom grinding and polishing device 3 automatically positions the grinding and polishing head to the starting position of the grinding and polishing operation. The sanding belt retracting device drives the sanding belt to circulate. With the cooperation of the translational freedom of the grinding and polishing device in the three directions of X, Y, and Z and the rotational freedom of the clamp around X, the sanding belt always fits the workpiece to complete the contour grinding and polishing.

[0154] 8. The grinding and polishing machine involved in this patent has a grinding and polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism 91. The pressure sensor 106 on the elastic pressure head 92 senses the grinding and polishing pressure in real time. When the pressure value is not within the required range of the grinding and polishing process, the mechanism will perform feedback adjustment through automatic opening and closing.

[0155] 9. This patent is provided with a sanding belt retracting and unwinding device. The sanding belt roll is initially wound on the unwinding roll, and the free end of the sanding belt passes through the sanding belt guide wheel 60 and the sanding belt tractor 58, and is finally wound on the belt reel 56. The sanding belt tractor 58 ensures that the sanding belt is continuously updated during the grinding and polishing operation; the belt reel 56 will slip relative to the belt reel 67 under the action of the synchronous wheel friction clutch 65 to match the appropriate linear speed.

[0156] 10. The grinding and polishing machine involved in this patent has a grinding and polishing head conversion device 93, which has three groups of grinding and polishing heads with different widths. The wide grinding and polishing head 85 corresponds to the wide polishing part 88, the medium grinding and polishing head 86 corresponds to the medium polishing part 89, and the narrow grinding and polishing head 87 corresponds to the narrow polishing part 90, which is used to cope with arc transition sections with different curvatures on the sample or workpiece.

[0157] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A grinding and polishing system that is adjustable in transverse and longitudinal directions, comprising a frame (1), a clamping device (2), a grinding and polishing module (3), and a programmable control console (4), characterized in that: The clamping device (2) comprises a tailstock moving motor (5), a fixture rotating motor (6), a synchronous belt (7), a front ejector seat (8), a front ejector (9), a rear ejector (10), a tailstock (11), a ball screw transmission assembly (12), a linear guide assembly (13), a front clamp (14), and a rear clamp (15); The grinding and polishing module (3) comprises a transverse movement mechanism (32), a lifting mechanism (33) and a double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism (34); the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism (34) comprises a housing (52), a sanding belt retracting and releasing device installed on the housing (52), a grinding and polishing pressure self-adapting opening and closing mechanism (91), an elastic pressure head (92) and a grinding and polishing head conversion device (93); the double-sided grinding and polishing mechanism (34) is connected to the lifting mechanism (33); The housing (52) is provided with a back plate countersunk hole (55), the lifting mechanism (33) is provided with a ball screw transmission component, and the ball screw transmission component is provided with a nut through hole (541).

2. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The front ejector seat (8), the ball screw rotating assembly (12) and the linear guide assembly (13) are all fixed on the horizontal operating table of the frame (1); the front ejector seat (8), the ball screw rotating assembly (12) and the linear guide assembly (13) are all fixed on the horizontal operating table of the frame (1); the front ejector seat (8) is used to install the front ejector (9) and the front clamp (14), and the front ejector (9) and the front clamp (14) can both rotate around their respective axes; the front ejector seat (8) and The tailstock moving motor (5) is connected to the fixture rotating motor (6); the rotational motion output by the fixture rotating motor (6) is directly transmitted to the front clamp (14), and the rotational motion is simultaneously transmitted to the front ejector (9) through the synchronous belt (7); the tailstock (11) is coaxial with the front ejector seat (8); the rear ejector (1) (0) and the rear clamp (15) are mounted on the tailstock (11), and the rear ejector (10) and the rear clamp (15) can both rotate around their respective axes; The tailstock (11) is connected to the ball screw transmission assembly (12), and the tailstock (11) is connected to the linear guide assembly (13). The moving motor (5) transmits the output rotational motion to the ball screw transmission assembly (12), thereby driving the tailstock (11) to move along the slide rail. When clamping a sample, the tailstock (11) moves forward, and when releasing the sample, the tailstock (11) moves backward.

3. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The front clamp (14) comprises a clamp shaft (16), a clamp seat (17), a left clamp claw (20), a right clamp claw (24), a screw rod (25), a guide rod (29), a screw rod nut (30), and a screw (31); the clamp seat (17) comprises a clamp seat guide rod hole (18) and a screw rod mounting hole (19); the left clamp claw (20) comprises a clamp claw guide rod hole (21), a nut mounting groove (22), and a jaw (23); the structure of the right clamp claw (24) is the same as that of the left clamp claw (20); the screw rod (25) comprises a right-handed thread section (26), a left-handed thread section (27), and a left-handed thread section (28). ), a star hand wheel (28); wherein the small diameter end of the clamp shaft (16) is connected to the clamp rotating motor (6), and the large diameter end of the clamp shaft (16) is connected to the clamp seat (17); the clamp seat (17) has a U-shaped body, a screw mounting hole (19) in the middle, and clamp seat guide rod holes (18) on both sides of the screw mounting hole (19); the left clamp jaw (20) and the right clamp jaw (24) are provided with a screw nut mounting groove (22) and a clamp jaw guide rod hole (21); the screw rod (25) has a right-handed thread section (26) and a left-handed thread section (27) with opposite rotation directions; and the screw rod nut (30) is two.

4. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The left clamp jaw (20) corresponds to the left-handed thread section (27), and the right clamp jaw (24) corresponds to the right-handed thread section (26); the two screw nuts (30) respectively establish a spiral transmission relationship with the left-handed thread section (27) and the right-handed thread section (26).

5. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse movement mechanism (32) comprises a column (35), a back plate (36), a motor seat (37), a servo motor (38), a screw (39) and a linear guide assembly (40); the column (35) is fixed on the horizontal work surface of the frame (1), the back plate (36) is fixed on the top of the column (35), and the motor seat (37) is fixed at the middle position on the left side of the back plate (36); the servo motor (38) is installed on the motor seat (37), and the output shaft of the servo motor (38) is connected to the screw (39) through a coupling (38) (1); the linear guide assembly (40) has two groups, which are arranged on both sides of the screw (39), and the linear guide assembly (40) is provided with two sliders (401).

6. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (33) further comprises a back plate (41), a motor seat (42), a servo motor (43), a linear guide assembly and a connecting block (46); the ball screw transmission component comprises a screw (44); the motor seat (42) is fixed at the middle position of the upper end of the slide plate (41); the servo motor (43) is mounted on the motor seat (42); the servo motor (43) is connected to the screw (44) in the ball screw transmission component via a coupling (431); the linear guide assembly comprises two left-right symmetrical guide rails (45); the guide rails (45) are arranged on both sides of the screw (44); each group of guide rails (4) (5) has two sliders (451); there are two connecting blocks (46) in total; each connecting block (46) is connected to the sliders (451) at the same position of the guide rails (45); and the connecting block (46) is provided with a threaded hole (461).

7. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The back of the back plate (41) is provided with a slider connecting boss 1 (47), a slider nut connecting boss (48), and a slider connecting boss 2 (51), wherein the slider connecting boss 1 (47) and the slider connecting boss 2 (51) are both provided with countersunk holes (49), and the slider nut connecting boss (48) is provided with a threaded hole (50); the slider connecting boss 1 (47) and the countersunk hole (49) are connected to the slider threaded hole of the linear guide assembly (40) in the transverse movement mechanism (32); and the threaded hole (50) is connected to the screw rod (39) in the transverse movement mechanism (32).

8. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The back plate countersunk hole (55) is matched and connected with the threaded hole (461) of the connecting block (46).

9. The grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A nut connection boss (53) is provided on the side plate of the housing (52) facing the lifting mechanism (33), and a threaded hole (54) is provided on the nut connection boss (53); the threaded hole (54) is matched and connected with the nut through hole (541) by means of a screw.

10. The grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sanding belt reeling and unwinding device comprises a belt reel (56), a belt unwinding reel (57), a sanding belt traction device (58), a reeling motor (59), a sanding belt guide wheel (60), a synchronous belt (61), and a housing back plate (62); the reeling motor (59) is mounted on the housing back plate (62); the torque output by the reeling motor (59) is used to directly drive a driving wheel (63) in the sanding belt traction device (58); the reeling motor (59) transmits the torque to a synchronous wheel friction clutch (65) of the belt reel (56) through the synchronous belt (61); the sanding belt traction device (58) comprises a sanding belt traction device driving wheel (63) and a sanding belt traction device friction wheel (64).

11. A grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: The belt reel (56) comprises a synchronous wheel friction clutch (65), a bearing (66), a belt reel (67), a belt reel back plate (68), a belt reel pressure plate (69), a star-shaped hand wheel with internal threads (70), and a belt reel D (113), wherein the friction clutch (65), the bearing (66), the belt reel back plate (68), the belt reel D (113), the belt reel pressure plate (69), and the star-shaped hand wheel with internal threads (70) are connected in sequence from left to right through the belt reel (67) to form the belt reel (56); the belt reel (67) comprises a clutch mounting section (71), a bearing mounting section (72), The belt reel (67) comprises a clutch mounting section (71), a bearing mounting section (72), a hexagonal prism section (73) and an external thread section (74) from left to right; the clutch mounting section (71) is connected to the bearing mounting section (72), the bearing mounting section (72) is connected to the hexagonal prism section (73), and the hexagonal prism section (73) is connected to the external thread section (74); the synchronous wheel friction clutch (65) comprises a synchronous wheel (75), a clutch outer ring (76), a clutch inner ring (77), and an overload torque adjustment hand wheel (78).

12. The grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding and polishing head replacement device (93) comprises a grinding and polishing head conversion device base (79), a motor (80), a bevel gear 1 (81), a bevel gear 2 (82), and a grinding and polishing head rotation disk (83); the grinding and polishing head conversion device base (79) is a mounting seat for the motor (80) and the grinding and polishing head rotation disk (83); the rotational motion of the motor (80) is transmitted to the grinding and polishing head rotation disk (83) through the bevel gear 1 (81) and the bevel gear 2 (82); The grinding and polishing head rotation disk (83) comprises a retaining frame (84), a wide grinding and polishing head (85), a medium grinding and polishing head (86), and a narrow grinding and polishing head (87), wherein the wide grinding and polishing head (85) corresponds to a wide polishing portion (88), the medium grinding and polishing head (86) corresponds to a medium polishing portion (89), and the narrow grinding and polishing head (87) corresponds to a narrow polishing portion (90).

13. The grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing pressure adaptive opening and closing mechanism (91) comprises a base (94), an opening and closing mechanism control motor (95), a synchronous belt transmission assembly (96), a screw (97), a screw nut (98), a Z-direction translation base 1 (99), a Z-direction translation base 2 (100), a linear guide rail assembly (101), and a connecting block (102). The opening and closing mechanism control motor (95) is mounted on the right side plate of the base (94), and the rotational motion output by the opening and closing mechanism control motor (95) is transmitted to the screw (97) through the synchronous belt transmission assembly (96).

14. The grinding and polishing system with adjustable horizontal and vertical directions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic pressure head (92) comprises an upper mounting plate (103), a spring seat (104), a lower mounting plate (105), a pressure sensor (106), a spring (107), a linear guide assembly (108), and a polishing head conversion device base (109); the sliders of the two sets of linear guide assemblies (108) are respectively mounted on the lower surface of the upper mounting plate (103) and the upper surface of the lower mounting plate (105) of the second Z-direction translation base (100).

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