Synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material and preparation and application thereof, and high-temperature-resistant emergency oil core and preparation and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency oil cores, and provides a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material and preparation and application thereof, and a high-temperature-resistant emergency oil core and preparation and application thereof. The synthetic fiber felt and the polymer aerogel (polyimide aerogel, polyether-ether-ketone aerogel or polyphenylene sulfide aerogel) are combined, so that the high temperature resistance of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material is improved. The synthetic fiber felt has high temperature resistance, and the polyimide aerogel, the polyether-ether-ketone aerogel or the polyphenylene sulfide aerogel not only has good temperature resistance, but also can provide a rich pore structure to provide a space for storage of lubricating oil. The emergency oil core prepared by taking the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the invention as a core part not only can tolerate the problem of temperature rise caused by continuous poor lubrication, but also can continuously and stably supply lubricating oil, so that a moving part is prevented from quickly losing efficacy in a short time, and stable operation in a certain time is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of emergency oil cores, and in particular to a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material and preparation and application thereof, and a high temperature resistant emergency oil core and preparation and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Continuous lubrication of transmission parts is crucial to the safety and continuous operation of the equipment. Once the lubricating oil is lost, the transmission parts will enter a dry running state in a short time. This will lead to continuous temperature rise and aggravate the locking and failure of the transmission parts. In order to avoid this situation, an additional oil supply system and device are usually installed, which will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of overall design and manufacturing of the equipment, and will also increase the weight of the entire transmission system. It is difficult to meet the requirements of some transmission systems with special requirements for spatial dimensions. Therefore, the development of emergency oil cores can effectively avoid this problem. The relevant prior art discloses a polyurethane emergency oil core, which has poor high temperature resistance. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material and its preparation and application, a high temperature resistant emergency oil core and its preparation and application. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention has good high temperature resistance, and the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material is made into a core and adsorbed with base oil, so that the emergency oil core formed has excellent high temperature resistance.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention provides a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material, comprising a synthetic fiber felt and a polymer aerogel filled in the pores of the synthetic fiber felt, wherein the polymer aerogel comprises a polyimide aerogel, a polyetheretherketone aerogel or a polyphenylene sulfide aerogel.

[0006] Preferably, the pore size of the synthetic fiber felt is 10-100 μm, and the porosity is 20-80%.

[0007] Preferably, when the polymer aerogel is a polyimide aerogel, the polyimide aerogel is prepared from a polyimide aerogel solution; the raw materials for preparing the polyimide aerogel solution include the following components: a diamine monomer, a dianhydride monomer, a crosslinking agent, a dehydrating agent, a catalyst and an organic solvent;

[0008] The total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer and the crosslinking agent accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer, the crosslinking agent and the organic solvent.

[0009] Preferably, the molar ratio of the diamine monomer to the cross-linking agent is 1:0 to 0.07, and the molar amount of the cross-linking agent is not zero.

[0010] Preferably, the diamine monomer includes one or more of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone and 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane;

[0011] The dianhydride monomer includes one or more of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, hexafluoro dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride and bisphenol A dianhydride;

[0012] The crosslinking agent includes one or more of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (N3300), tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine.

[0013] Preferably, the dehydrating agent comprises acetic anhydride;

[0014] The catalyst includes pyridine;

[0015] The organic solvent includes N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0017] The synthetic fiber felt is immersed in the polymer aerogel solution. After the immersion is complete, the synthetic fiber felt is taken out and drained, and then a cross-linking reaction is performed to obtain the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material.

[0018] The present invention also provides a high-temperature resistant emergency oil core, comprising a core portion, and lubricating oil adsorbed in the core portion; the core portion is made of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material described in the above technical solution.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the high temperature resistant emergency oil core described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The core is immersed in lubricating oil to obtain the high temperature resistant emergency oil core;

[0021] The oil immersion temperature is 50-120° C., the time is 8-48 hours, and the oil immersion is carried out under vacuum conditions.

[0022] The present invention also provides the use of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material or the high-temperature resistant emergency oil core described in the above technical solution in a transmission system.

[0023] The invention provides a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material, comprising a synthetic fiber felt and a polymer aerogel filled in the pores of the synthetic fiber felt, wherein the polymer aerogel comprises a polyimide aerogel, a polyetheretherketone aerogel or a polyphenylene sulfide aerogel.

[0024] The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention combines high-temperature resistant synthetic fiber felt and high-temperature resistant polymer aerogel (polyimide aerogel, polyetheretherketone aerogel or polyphenylene sulfide aerogel), thereby improving the high-temperature resistance of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material. Specifically: the synthetic fiber felt has high-temperature resistance; the polymer aerogel not only has good temperature resistance, but also provides a rich pore structure to provide space for the storage of lubricating oil. The emergency oil core is prepared by taking the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention as the core, which can not only withstand the temperature rise problem caused by continuous poor lubrication, but also continuously and steadily supply lubricating oil, thereby avoiding the rapid failure of moving parts in a short period of time and ensuring stable operation within a certain period of time. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention has excellent high-temperature resistance.

[0025] Furthermore, the present invention limits the total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer and the cross-linking agent to 5-20% of the total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer, the cross-linking agent and the organic solvent, that is, the solid content is 5-20%; and the molar ratio of the diamine monomer to the cross-linking agent is 1:0-0.07, and the molar amount of the cross-linking agent is not 0, so that the polyimide aerogel still has an excellent oil permeation rate after being subjected to high temperature. The emergency oil core prepared with the above synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material as the core can continuously and steadily provide lubricating oil to the bearing under the action of centrifugal force during the rotation with the shaft when the oil supply and lubrication system of the transmission system cannot work normally. Compared with other oil core materials, the stable operation of the transmission system is extended for a certain period of time, more operating space is provided for the staff, and the risk of equipment downtime is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is the oil penetration rate of the emergency oil core obtained in Examples 1 to 12;

[0027] Figure 2 Thermal decomposition curves of commercially available wool felt, wool felt-polyurethane composite material, synthetic fiber felt, and synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material obtained in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 3 The oil penetration rate of the emergency oil core obtained in Example 2 before and after high temperature treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The invention provides a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material, comprising a synthetic fiber felt and a polymer aerogel filled in the pores of the synthetic fiber felt, wherein the polymer aerogel comprises a polyimide aerogel, a polyetheretherketone aerogel or a polyphenylene sulfide aerogel.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used are preferably commercially available products.

[0031] The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention comprises synthetic fiber felt, wherein the pore size of the synthetic fiber felt is preferably 10 to 100 μm, and specifically preferably 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm or 100 μm; the porosity is preferably 20 to 80%, and specifically preferably 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75% or 80%. In the present invention, the material of the synthetic fiber felt is preferably one or more of meta-aramid (Nomex), para-aramid (Kevlar), polyphenylene ether and polyimide, and further preferably meta-aramid (Nomex).

[0032] The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention includes a polymer aerogel filled in the pores of the synthetic fiber felt, and the polymer aerogel includes a polyimide aerogel, a polyetheretherketone aerogel or a polyphenylene sulfide aerogel, preferably a polyimide aerogel. In the present invention, when the polymer aerogel is a polyimide aerogel, the polyimide aerogel is preferably prepared from a polyimide aerogel solution; the raw materials for preparing the polyimide aerogel solution preferably include the following components: a diamine monomer, a dianhydride monomer, a crosslinking agent, a dehydrating agent, a catalyst and an organic solvent.

[0033] In the present invention, the diamine monomer preferably includes one or more of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone (DABP) and 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (PACM), and more preferably 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA).

[0034] In the present invention, the dianhydride monomer preferably includes one or more of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), hexafluorodianhydride (6FDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride and bisphenol A dianhydride (BEPA), and more preferably 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA).

[0035] In the present invention, the crosslinking agent preferably includes one or more of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (N3300), tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine, and more preferably N3300.

[0036] In the present invention, the dehydrating agent preferably includes acetic anhydride.

[0037] In the present invention, the catalyst preferably includes pyridine.

[0038] In the present invention, the organic solvent preferably includes N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc).

[0039] In the present invention, the molar ratio of the diamine monomer to the dianhydride monomer is preferably 1:1.1.

[0040] In the present invention, the molar ratio of the diamine monomer to the crosslinking agent is preferably 1:0-0.07, the molar amount of the crosslinking agent is not 0, more preferably 1:0.001-0.07, more preferably 1:0.01-0.07, specifically preferably 1:0.0678, 1:0.0387 or 1:0.0136.

[0041] In the present invention, the total mass of the diamine monomer, dianhydride monomer and cross-linking agent preferably accounts for 5-20% (which can be referred to as solid content) of the total mass of the diamine monomer, dianhydride monomer, cross-linking agent and organic solvent, and is specifically preferably 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20%.

[0042] In the present invention, the crosslinking degree of the polyimide aerogel solution is preferably 20 to 100%, and specifically preferably 100%, 60% or 20%. In the present invention, the crosslinking degree of the polyimide aerogel solution is preferably calculated according to the following formula:

[0043]

[0044] In the present invention, the crosslinking degree and solid content will affect the crosslinking degree and pore structure of the diamine monomer and the dianhydride monomer, and further affect the lubricating oil release rate of the obtained synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material.

[0045] In the present invention, the molar ratio of the dianhydride monomer to the dehydrating agent is preferably 1:4 to 16, specifically preferably 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15 or 1:16.

[0046] In the present invention, the molar ratio of the dianhydride monomer to the catalyst is preferably 1:4 to 16, specifically preferably 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15 or 1:16.

[0047] In the present invention, the preparation method of the polyimide aerogel solution is preferably described in the preparation method of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material, and will not be repeated here.

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0049] The synthetic fiber felt is immersed in the polymer aerogel solution. After the immersion is complete, the synthetic fiber felt is taken out and drained, and then a cross-linking reaction is performed to obtain the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material.

[0050] In the present invention, the synthetic fiber felt is preferably pretreated before use, and the pretreatment preferably includes cutting, washing and drying in sequence; the present invention does not make any specific limitation on the cutting, and those skilled in the art can set it according to actual needs; the washing reagent is preferably ethanol, and the present invention does not make any specific limitation on the number of washing times and the amount of the washing reagent, as long as the impurities can be removed cleanly.

[0051] In the present invention, when the polymer aerogel is a polyimide aerogel, the method for preparing the polyimide aerogel solution preferably comprises the following steps:

[0052] Under a nitrogen environment, a diamine monomer is weighed and dissolved in an organic solvent, and then a dianhydride monomer and a cross-linking agent are added in sequence to obtain a mixed system; a dehydrating agent and a catalyst are added in sequence to the mixed system to obtain the polyimide aerogel solution.

[0053] In the present invention, the dianhydride monomer is preferably added in batches, and the number of the batches is preferably 1 to 7 times, and specifically preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 times; when the number of the batches is greater than or equal to 2 times, the amount added each time is preferably equal. After the dianhydride monomer is added, the present invention preferably further includes stirring (referred to as the first stirring), and the time of the first stirring is preferably 8 to 24 hours, and specifically preferably 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours or 24 hours.

[0054] After the cross-linking agent is added, the present invention preferably further comprises stirring (referred to as the second stirring). The present invention does not specifically limit the time of the second stirring, and the time is sufficient until the cross-linking agent is completely dissolved. In the present invention, the solid content of the mixed system is preferably 5 to 20%, and specifically preferably 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20%; the solid content of the mixed system refers to the total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer and the cross-linking agent, which preferably accounts for 5 to 20% of the total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer, the cross-linking agent and the organic solvent.

[0055] After the dehydrating agent is added, the present invention preferably further comprises stirring (referred to as the third stirring). The present invention does not specifically limit the time of the third stirring, as long as the dehydrating agent is completely dissolved.

[0056] After the catalyst is added, the present invention preferably further comprises stirring (referred to as the fourth stirring). The present invention does not specifically limit the time of the fourth stirring, as long as the catalyst is completely dissolved.

[0057] In the present invention, the impregnation temperature is preferably room temperature, that is, no additional heating or cooling is required; the present invention does not specifically limit the impregnation time, as long as the impregnation is complete. In the present invention, the impregnation is complete means that the synthetic fiber felt is completely immersed in the polymer aerogel solution.

[0058] In the present invention, the draining means that no more polyimide aerogel solution drips.

[0059] In the present invention, after draining, a synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel solution composite material is preferably obtained, in which the mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution is 50-90%, specifically preferably 50%, 55%, 57%, 59%, 60%, 63%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 85% or 90%.

[0060] In the present invention, the cross-linking reaction is preferably carried out under sealed conditions, the temperature of the cross-linking reaction is preferably room temperature, and the time is preferably 8 to 48 hours, specifically preferably 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours, 40 hours, 42 hours or 48 hours.

[0061] After the cross-linking reaction, the present invention preferably further comprises: sequentially performing N,N-dimethylacetamide washing and acetone washing to obtain the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material; the washing method of the N,N-dimethylacetamide washing and acetone washing is preferably immersion washing, and the present invention does not specifically limit the number of N,N-dimethylacetamide washing and acetone washing, as long as it is washed clean.

[0062] In the present invention, the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material is preferably preserved by immersing it in acetone.

[0063] The present invention also provides a high-temperature resistant emergency oil core, comprising a core portion, and lubricating oil adsorbed in the core portion; the core portion is made of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material described in the above technical solution.

[0064] The high temperature resistant emergency oil core provided by the present invention comprises a core part, and the core part is made of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material described in the above technical solution.

[0065] The high temperature resistant emergency oil core provided by the present invention comprises lubricating oil adsorbed in the core. In the present invention, the lubricating oil preferably comprises one or more of base oil PAO, Pegasus II, RIPP555, white oil and transformer oil.

[0066] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the high temperature resistant emergency oil core described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0067] The core is immersed in lubricating oil to obtain the high temperature resistant emergency oil core.

[0068] In the present invention, the temperature of the immersion oil is 50-120°C, specifically preferably 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C or 120°C; the time is 8-48h, specifically preferably 8h, 12h, 15h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 42h or 48h; the immersion oil is preferably carried out under vacuum conditions, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum is preferably 20-10000Pa, specifically preferably 20Pa, 100Pa, 500Pa, 1000Pa, 2000Pa, 4000Pa, 5000Pa, 7000Pa or 10000Pa.

[0069] The present invention provides the use of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material described in the above technical solution and the high-temperature resistant emergency oil core in a transmission system.

[0070] The present invention does not specifically limit the application of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material and the high temperature resistant emergency oil core, and those skilled in the art can make settings according to actual needs.

[0071] The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material provided by the present invention and its preparation and application, the high temperature resistant emergency oil core and its preparation and application are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 22.96 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under a nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 3 equal portions, stir for 18 h, add 0.35 g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 20.0%; add 4.50 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 3.50 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0074] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (specifically made of meta-aramid (Nomex), with a pore size of 50 μm and a porosity of 75%) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in a polyimide (PI) aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polyimide aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 90%. Seal and store it for 48 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 72 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0075] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 120°C and 20Pa for 48 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] 1. Weigh 2.05g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 32.5g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under nitrogen environment, add 3.24g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 5 times. Stir for 15h, add 0.35g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 15.0%; add 9.00g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after it is completely dissolved, add 7.00g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0078] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polyimide aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 81%. Seal and store it for 12 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 12 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0079] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 50°C and 100Pa for 8 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 51.7 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under a nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 6 equal portions, stir for 12 h, add 0.35 g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 10.0%; add 13.5 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 10.5 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0082] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 70%. Seal and store it for 12 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 24 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0083] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 80°C and 500Pa for 24 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 109.1 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under a nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 7 equal portions, stir for 8 h, add 0.35 g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 5.0%; add 18.00 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 14.00 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0086] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 59%. Seal and store it for 24 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 24 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0087] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 90°C and 10000Pa for 24 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 22.36 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under a nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 4 equal portions, stir for 10 h, add 0.20 g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 20.0%; add 4.50 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 3.50 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0090] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 85%. Seal and store it for 24 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 12 hours respectively, to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0091] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 100°C and 5000Pa for 24 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0092] Example 6

[0093] 1. Weigh 2.05g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 31.67g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under nitrogen environment, add 3.24g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 6 times on average, stir for 24h, add 0.20g N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 15.0%; add 9.00g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 9.00g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0094] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 75%. Seal and store it for 10 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 60 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0095] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 110°C and 2000Pa for 30 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0096] Example 7

[0097] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 50.13 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under a nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 4 equal portions, stir for 8 h, add 0.20 g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 10.0%; add 13.50 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 10.50 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0098] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 63%. Seal and store it for 48 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 24 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0099] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 70°C and 4000Pa for 48 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0100] Example 8

[0101] 1. Weigh 2.05g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 106.21g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under nitrogen environment, add 3.24g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 3 times on average, stir for 18h, add 0.20g N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 5.0%; add 18.00g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all dissolved, add 14.00g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0102] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 55%. Seal and store it for 40 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 60 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0103] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 80°C and 7000Pa for 40 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0104] Example 9

[0105] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 21.84 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) at a time, stir for 8 hours, add 0.07 g of N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 20.0%; add 4.50 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all dissolved, add 3.50 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0106] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 70%. Seal and store it for 36 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 36 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0107] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 120°C and 1000Pa for 45 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0108] Example 10

[0109] 1. Weigh 2.05g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 30.94g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under nitrogen environment, add 3.24g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in two equal portions, stir for 16h, add 0.07g N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 15.0%; add 9.00g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 9.00g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0110] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and wait until it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 63%. Seal and store it for 40 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 20 hours respectively, to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0111] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 70°C and 20Pa for 20 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0112] Embodiment 11

[0113] 1. Weigh 2.05g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 49.14g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under nitrogen environment, add 3.24g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 3 times on average, stir for 12h, add 0.07g N3300, and after N3300 is dissolved, a mixed system is obtained, and the solid content of the mixed system is 10.0%; add 13.50g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, and after all the acetic anhydride is dissolved, add 10.50g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0114] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and when it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 57%. Seal and store it for 8 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 20 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0115] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 65°C and 500Pa for 30 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0116] Example 12

[0117] 1. Weigh 2.05 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and dissolve it in 103.74 g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Under a nitrogen environment, add 3.24 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in 4 equal portions, stir for 24 h, add 0.07 g of N3300, wait for N3300 to dissolve, and obtain a mixed system with a solid content of 5.0%; add 18.00 g of acetic anhydride to the mixed system, wait for all the acetic anhydride to dissolve, add 14.00 g of pyridine, stir evenly, and obtain a polyimide aerogel solution for standby use.

[0118] 2. Cut the synthetic fiber felt (same as in Example 1) into the required shape, clean it with ethanol and dry it, immerse the cleaned felt in the polyimide aerogel solution, and when it is completely soaked, take it out and drain it to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material. The mass fraction of the polymer aerogel solution in the synthetic fiber felt-polyimide aerogel solution composite material is 50%. Seal and store it for 48 hours, soak and clean it with DMAc and acetone for 24 hours respectively to obtain a synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material, and finally soak it in acetone solvent for use.

[0119] The synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material was taken out and immersed in lubricating oil, and vacuum immersed in oil at 70°C and 1000Pa for 48 hours to obtain an emergency oil core.

[0120] The parameters and raw material dosages in Examples 1 to 12 are shown in Table 1.

[0121] Table 1 Crosslinking degree and solid content of different examples

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] The present invention calculates the oil content of the emergency oil core by weighing the mass of the synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material obtained in each embodiment before and after oil immersion, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0125] The oil supply performance (oil penetration rate) of the obtained emergency oil core was tested by high-speed oil throwing experiment. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 shown.

[0126] Table 2 Oil content and oil penetration rate of emergency oil cores in different embodiments

[0127]

[0128] Figure 1 is the oil penetration rate of the emergency oil core obtained in Examples 1 to 12, from Figure 1It can be seen from Table 2 that by comparing Examples 1 to 4, it can be found that as the solid content decreases, the oil content gradually increases, but it also leads to an excessively fast oil outflow rate. When the solid content is 15%, the optimal oil infiltration rate is shown, and the oil infiltration rate is the fastest in any time period. By comparing Examples 1 to 4 with Examples 5 to 12, it can be found that as the degree of crosslinking decreases, not only the oil content decreases, but also the oil infiltration rate of the emergency oil core decreases. Considering the oil content and oil infiltration rate, Example 2 has a better overall effect.

[0129] In order to verify the high temperature resistance of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material, the present invention uses thermogravimetric analysis to test the thermal decomposition curves of commercially available wool felt, wool felt-polyurethane composite material, synthetic fiber felt and the synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material obtained in Example 2. The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, from Figure 2 It can be seen that the decomposition temperature of the synthetic fiber felt-PI aerogel composite material provided by the present invention is as high as 420° C. compared with the wool felt-polyurethane composite material sold on the market.

[0130] At the same time, the oil penetration rate of the emergency oil core obtained in Example 2 after being treated at 150°C for 24 hours was compared. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The oil penetration rate of the emergency oil core obtained in Example 2 before and after high temperature treatment. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, after high temperature treatment, the oil seepage rate is stable and does not decrease.

[0131] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material, comprising a synthetic fiber felt, and a polymer aerogel filled in the pores of the synthetic fiber felt, wherein the polymer aerogel comprises a polyimide aerogel, a polyetheretherketone aerogel or a polyphenylene sulfide aerogel.

2. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore size of the synthetic fiber felt is 10-100 μm, and the porosity is 20-80%.

3. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the polymer aerogel is a polyimide aerogel, the polyimide aerogel is prepared from a polyimide aerogel solution; the raw materials for preparing the polyimide aerogel solution include the following components: a diamine monomer, a dianhydride monomer, a crosslinking agent, a dehydrating agent, a catalyst and an organic solvent; The total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer and the crosslinking agent accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of the diamine monomer, the dianhydride monomer, the crosslinking agent and the organic solvent.

4. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the diamine monomer to the cross-linking agent is 1:0 to 0.07, and the molar amount of the cross-linking agent is not zero.

5. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The diamine monomer includes one or more of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone and 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane; The dianhydride monomer includes one or more of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, hexafluoro dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride and bisphenol A dianhydride; The crosslinking agent includes one or more of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine.

6. The synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The dehydrating agent includes acetic anhydride; The catalyst includes pyridine; The organic solvent includes N,N-dimethylacetamide.

7. The method for preparing the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The synthetic fiber felt is immersed in the polymer aerogel solution. After the immersion is complete, the synthetic fiber felt is taken out and drained, and then a cross-linking reaction is performed to obtain the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material.

8. A high temperature resistant emergency oil core, characterized in that: It comprises a core and lubricating oil adsorbed in the core; the core is made of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. The method for preparing the high temperature resistant emergency oil core according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The core is immersed in lubricating oil to obtain the high temperature resistant emergency oil core; The oil immersion temperature is 50-120° C., the time is 8-48 hours, and the oil immersion is carried out under vacuum conditions.

10. Use of the synthetic fiber felt-polymer aerogel composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the high temperature resistant emergency oil core according to claim 8 in a transmission system.

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