Stud stoping method with cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste stone tailings

Abstract

The invention discloses a barren rock and tailing cemented and non-cemented mixed filling stud stoping method, and relates to the field of mine filling and stope stability control. The filling structure is designed on the basis of a slip instability path of a non-cemented loose filling body and comprises a waste rock and tailing non-cemented mixed filling area 1, a slip path cemented filling area 2, stratified waste rock and tailing non-cemented filling 3-1 at the bottom of stud stoping, stratified tailing cemented filling 3-2 at the top of stud stoping, a multi-stratified cemented filling drill hole 4 and a non-cemented filling drill hole 5. The slip instability path of the non-cemented loose filling body is obtained through similar experiments or numerical simulation; in order to ensure the stability and the safety of the layered stope, the separated layer blasting ore removal of the stud stoping lags behind the cemented filling of the sliding path of the layer. According to the stud stoping method, safe and efficient stoping of the shallow remaining studs can be ensured, the cemented filling proportion can be reduced, stud stoping of low-cost filling treatment of the goaf is achieved, and the enterprise burden is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mine filling and stope stability control, in particular to a method for recovering pillars by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste rock and tailings. Background Art

[0002] In the current technical background, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the method of filling the goaf and recovering the pillars. In fact, although some of the current methods have been applied on site, these methods have exposed some significant problems in practical application.

[0003] Under the condition of pillar mining in the goaf with non-cemented filling of waste rock and tailings, the mining field is exposed to loose filling, which is very likely to induce instability accidents. Under the condition of pillar mining in the goaf with cemented filling, due to the huge space of the goaf, there is often a problem of insufficient filling materials and high costs, resulting in the loss of economic benefits of pillar mining.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problems of filling stability and cost control in the goaf becomes the key issue of the recoverability of pillar ore.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for recovering waste rock tailings by mixing cemented and non-cemented filling pillars. Summary of the invention

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars, comprising: Cemented and non-cemented mixed filling areas, filling paths and pillars of waste rock and tailings; The waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling area includes: waste rock tailings non-cemented mixed filling area, sliding path cemented filling area, inter-pillar mining bottom layered waste rock tailings non-cemented filling, inter-pillar mining layered false bottom tailings cemented filling; Filling paths include: multi-layered cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels, non-cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels; The pillars include: pillars to be mined, pillars that have been mined and filled in the upper section, and pillars to be mined in the lower section.

[0007] The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars, the pillar recovery step specifically includes: a. Filling of cemented and non-cemented waste rock tailings in the two-layer goaf: a1. Waste rock is filled in one layer through a non-cemented filling channel; a2. The tailings filling slurry is filled into a non-cemented filling area through the non-cemented filling connecting channel; a3. Tailings cemented filling slurry is used to fill a layered sliding zone through a layered cemented filling borehole / connecting channel; b. Cutting: b1. From the stope connection road of the segmented roadway construction to the first-layer stope; b2. A 3.0m×3.0m cutting tunnel is constructed from the stope contact tunnel at the foot of the pillar ore body, which serves as the free surface for blasting in the approach stope; b3. From the cutting lane, the ventilation shaft filled in the pillar is penetrated upward to the upper middle section to serve as the ventilation shaft for mining; c. Blasting out the mine: c1. Use a rock drill or a rock drilling rig to drill holes, manually load the explosives, and detonate with an electric detonator; c2. Use a scraper to unload the ore. After the scraper loads the ore in the mining area, it is poured into the ore chute through the mining area connecting road, and then loaded into the mine car by the vibrating ore discharger and enters the middle rail transportation system; d. Non-cemented and cemented filling of waste rock tailings in one layer of inter-pillar: d1. The bottom of the first layer of the intermediate column is filled with waste rock and tailings without adhesive; d2. The bottom of the first layer of the inter-column is filled with waste rock tailings glue, and the upper 0.3m sand-cement ratio is 6 pouring surface; e. Repeat steps a, c, and d to mine the remaining layers, and complete the filling of all layered goafs and mining of pillars from bottom to top, thereby completing the recovery of pillars.

[0008] The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars is characterized in that: the non-cementing filling boreholes / connecting channels 5 are arranged in the stable area of ​​the footwall of the goaf. The cementing filling boreholes / connecting channels 4 are arranged in layers in the pillars and lead to the goafs on both sides.

[0009] The method for recovering pillars by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste rock and tailings is characterized in that waste rock and tailings slurry in the non-cemented mixed filling area of ​​waste rock and tailings is filled through non-cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels.

[0010] The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars is characterized in that the sliding path cementing filling area is filled through the cementing filling boreholes / connecting channels 4 of each layer in the pillars.

[0011] The pillar mining method with cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste rock and tailings is characterized in that: in order to ensure the stability and safety of the stratified mining field, the blasting and mining of the stratified layer by pillar mining lags behind the cementing and filling of the sliding path of this stratified layer, and the blasting and mining of this stratified layer is carried out only after the cementing filling body of the sliding path reaches the filling strength.

[0012] The method for recovering pillars by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling of waste rock and tailings is characterized in that the range of the cementing filling area of ​​the slip path is affected by factors such as mining depth, ground stress, and upper plate stability, and can be determined based on similar simulation experiments or numerical simulations.

[0013] The method for recovering waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars is characterized by: the maximum charge for each layer blasting is calculated by the following formula: D : ; in is the conversion factor between charge and blasting dynamic load; is the maximum bearing stress of the filling body in the sliding path; It is the static load stress borne by the filling body in the sliding path.

[0014] The method for recovering waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars is characterized in that the blast hole depth is based on the maximum charge of each layer blasting. D to be sure.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) This method divides the backfill of the goaf into a non-cemented mixed backfill area of ​​waste rock and tailings and a cemented backfill area of ​​the sliding path according to the migration path of the backfill body under static load stress and blasting dynamic load disturbance. The non-cemented mixed backfill area of ​​waste rock and tailings can achieve low-cost backfilling, and the cemented backfill area of ​​the sliding path can achieve the requirements of the stability of the pillar recovery backfill area under the condition of small-scale cemented backfilling. On the basis of greatly improving the backfilling and production capacity, the backfilling stability and safety are improved, and the backfilling cost is greatly reduced; (2) The backfilling path is divided into two paths: multi-layered cemented backfilling boreholes / connecting roads and non-cemented backfilling boreholes / connecting roads, which realizes differentiated and orderly management of backfilling, reduces the difficulty of construction and the intensity of personnel work; (3) The scope of the cemented backfill area of ​​the sliding path is affected by factors such as mining depth, ground stress, and upper wall stability, and can be determined based on similar simulation experiments or numerical simulations. The layered blasting design is determined based on the ground stress and the bearing limit of the cemented backfill body of the sliding path. This provides a clear design basis for the use of this method, and the construction plan can be dynamically adjusted according to different mining conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars; Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste rock tailings in the two-layer goaf area; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste rock tailings in the two-layer goaf area; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Horizontal section of Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the blasting of the mine layer and the non-binder and cemented filling of the waste rock tailings layer between the pillars; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure after the cemented and non-cemented mixed filling of waste rock and tailings in the two-layer goaf on both sides is completed and the two-layer blasting holes are drilled.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Non-cemented mixed filling area of ​​waste rock and tailings; 2. Cemented filling area of ​​sliding path; 3. Non-cemented filling of waste rock and tailings in the bottom layer of pillar mining and cemented filling of false bottom tailings; 4. Multi-layered cemented filling boreholes / connecting roads; 5. Non-cemented filling boreholes / connecting roads; 6. Layered connecting roads; 7. Pillars to be mined; 8. Mined and filled pillars in the upper section; 9. Pillars to be mined in the lower section; 10. Layer line; 11. Lower layer blasting space; 12. Stage transportation tunnel; 13. One-layer connecting road; 14. Chute; 15. Cutting tunnel; 16. Skylight; 17. Blast hole. Specific implementation plan

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship in the implementation case is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description.

[0020] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0021] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, including: like Figure 1 As shown, the waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling area includes: waste rock tailings non-cemented mixed filling area, sliding path cemented filling area, pillar mining bottom layered waste rock tailings non-cemented filling, and pillar mining layered false bottom tailings cemented filling.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the filling paths include: multi-layered cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels and non-cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the pillars include: pillars to be mined, pillars that have been mined and filled in the upper section, and pillars to be mined in the lower section.

[0024] The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars, the pillar recovery step specifically includes: a. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the waste rock tailings in the two layers of goaf are mixed with cemented and non-cemented filling: a1. Waste rock is filled in one layer through a non-cemented filling channel; a2. The tailings filling slurry is filled into a non-cemented filling area through the non-cemented filling connecting channel; a3. Tailings cemented filling slurry is used to fill a layered sliding zone through a layered cemented filling borehole / connecting channel; b. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a layer of cutting is performed: b1. From the stope connection road of the segmented roadway construction to the first-layer stope; b2. A 3.0m×3.0m cutting tunnel is constructed from the stope contact tunnel at the foot of the pillar ore body, which serves as the free surface for blasting in the approach stope; b3. From the cutting tunnel, the ventilation shaft filled in the pillar is penetrated upward to the upper middle section to serve as the ventilation shaft for mining.

[0025] c. Figure 6 As shown, blasting out the mine: c1. Use a rock drill or a rock drilling rig to drill holes, manually load the explosives, and detonate with an electric detonator; c2. Use a scraper to unload the ore. After the scraper loads the ore in the mining area, it is poured into the ore chute through the mining area connecting road, and then loaded into the mine car by the vibrating ore discharger and enters the middle rail transportation system; d. Figure 5 As shown, the inter-pillar layered waste rock tailings are non-cemented and cemented filling: d1. The bottom of the first layer of the intermediate column is filled with waste rock and tailings without adhesive; d2. The bottom of the first layer of the inter-column is filled with waste rock tailings glue, and the upper 0.3m sand-cement ratio is 6 pouring surface; e. Repeat steps a, c, and d to mine the remaining layers, and complete the filling of all layered goafs and mining of pillars from bottom to top, thereby completing the recovery of pillars.

[0026] In the above steps, the non-cemented filling borehole / connecting channel 5 is arranged in the stable area of ​​the footwall of the goaf. The cemented filling borehole / connecting channel 4 is arranged in each layer in the column and leads to the goaf on both sides. The waste rock and tailings slurry in the non-cemented mixed filling area of ​​waste rock and tailings is filled through the non-cemented filling borehole / connecting channel. The slip path cemented filling area is filled through the cemented filling borehole / connecting channel 4 in each layer in the column.

[0027] In the above steps, if Figure 6 As shown, in order to ensure the stability and safety of the layered mining area, the blasting of the layered ore removal by pillar recovery lags behind the cementing filling of the sliding path of this layer. The blasting of the layered ore removal work will be carried out only after the cementing filling body of the sliding path reaches the filling strength.

[0028] The scope of the cemented filling area of ​​the slip path is affected by factors such as mining depth, ground stress, and upper wall stability, and can be determined based on similar simulation experiments or numerical simulations.

[0029] The maximum charge for each layer blasting is calculated by the following formula D : .

[0030] The method for recovering waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars is characterized in that the blast hole depth is based on the maximum charge of each layer blasting. D to be sure.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recovering waste rock tailings by cementing and non-cementing mixed filling pillars, characterized in that: include: Waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling areas 1-3, filling paths 4 and 5, and pillars 7-9; The waste rock tailings cemented and non-cemented mixed filling area includes: waste rock tailings non-cemented mixed filling area 1, sliding path cemented filling area 2, inter-pillar mining bottom layered waste rock tailings non-cemented filling 3-1, inter-pillar mining layered false bottom tailings cemented filling 3-2; The filling paths include: multi-layered cemented filling borehole / connecting channel 4, non-cemented filling borehole / connecting channel 5; The pillars include: pillars to be mined 7, pillars 8 that have been mined and filled in the upper section, and pillars 9 to be mined in the lower section.

2. According to the method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, the recovering step of the pillars 7 specifically comprises: a. Filling of cemented and non-cemented waste rock tailings in the two-layer goaf: a1. Waste rock is filled in one layer through non-cemented filling in the connecting channel 5-1; a2. The tailings filling slurry is filled into a layer of non-cemented filling area through the non-cemented filling connecting channel 5-1; a3. Tailings cemented filling slurry is used to fill a layered sliding zone through a layered cemented filling borehole / connecting channel; b. Cutting: b1. From the stope connection road of the segmented roadway construction to the first-layer stope; b2. A 3.0m×3.0m cutting tunnel is constructed from the stope contact tunnel at the foot of the pillar ore body, which serves as the free surface for blasting in the approach stope; b3. From the cutting lane, the ventilation shaft filled in the pillar is penetrated upward to the upper middle section to serve as the ventilation shaft for mining; c. Blasting out the mine: c1. Use a rock drill or a rock drilling rig to drill holes, manually load the explosives, and detonate with an electric detonator; c2. Use a scraper to unload the ore. After the scraper loads the ore in the mining area, it is poured into the ore chute through the mining area connecting road, and then loaded into the mine car by the vibrating ore discharger and enters the middle rail transportation system; d. Non-cemented and cemented filling of waste rock tailings in one layer of inter-pillar: d1. The bottom of the first layer of the intermediate column is filled with waste rock and tailings without adhesive; d2. The bottom of the first layer of the inter-column is filled with waste rock tailings glue, and the upper 0.3m sand-cement ratio is 6 pouring surface; e. Repeat steps a, c, and d to mine the remaining layers, and complete the filling of all layered goafs and mining of pillars from bottom to top, thereby completing the recovery of pillars.

3. The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels 5 are arranged in the stable area of ​​the footwall of the goaf; the cemented filling boreholes / connecting channels 4 are arranged in layers within the pillars and lead to the goafs on both sides.

4. The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste rock and tailings slurry in the non-cemented mixed filling area of ​​waste rock and tailings is filled through the non-cemented filling borehole / connecting channel 5.

5. The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slip path cementing filling area is filled through the cementing filling boreholes / connecting channels 4 in each layer within the inter-column.

6. The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: In order to ensure the stability and safety of the stratified mining area, the blasting and mining of the stratified mines by pillar recovery lags behind the cementing and filling of the sliding path of this stratified mine. The blasting and mining of this stratified mines will be carried out only after the cementing and filling of the sliding path reaches the filling strength.

7. The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scope of the cemented filling area of ​​the slip path is affected by factors such as mining depth, ground stress, and upper wall stability, and can be determined based on similar simulation experiments or numerical simulations.

8. The method for recovering waste rock tailings by cemented and non-cemented mixed filling pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum charge D for each layer blasting is calculated by the following formula: in: λ is the conversion coefficient between charge and blasting dynamic load; σ lin is the maximum bearing stress of the filling body in the sliding path; σ j It is the static load stress of the filling body in the sliding path. The depth of the blast hole is determined according to the maximum charge D of each layer blasting.

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