Multifunctional marine diesel injector

Abstract

An oil injection structure is composed of an inner ring and an outer ring, and the inner ring is provided with an oil injection port, an oil filtering chamber, an oil storage chamber and an oil nozzle which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; a piston cleaning agent injection port, a piston cleaning agent storage chamber and a cleaning agent nozzle which are sequentially communicated are arranged on the outer ring part from top to bottom, a pressure stabilizing plate is arranged at the top of the oil storage chamber and matched with the inner wall of the oil storage chamber through threads, and a ball nut is embedded in the plate face of the pressure stabilizing plate and matched with the upper end of a screw. The lower end of the screw is fixedly sleeved with a turbine, the outer edge of the turbine is meshed with a horizontally-arranged worm, and the worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with a motor. A cleaning agent control valve is arranged below the piston cleaning agent storage chamber; the oil liquid control valve, the motor and the cleaning agent control valve are all connected with the control system through control lines; when the diesel engine stops, cleaning agents can be automatically sprayed, carbon deposition in a combustion chamber is effectively prevented, and the reliability of the diesel engine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ship propulsion systems, in particular to a ship diesel engine combustion system, and particularly relates to an injector used in a diesel engine combustion system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry and the increasing requirements for environmental protection, the performance and efficiency of marine diesel engines, as key components of ship propulsion systems, have become the focus of research. As one of the core components of the fuel supply system of marine diesel engines, the injector is responsible for atomizing the fuel into tiny particles and injecting it into the combustion chamber. Its working performance directly affects the combustion efficiency, power output and emission level of the diesel engine.

[0003] Traditional marine diesel engine injectors mostly adopt a single-function design, which mainly focuses on the atomization effect and injection pressure of the fuel. However, in actual application, due to the complex and changeable marine environment, the injector is required to not only adapt to different working conditions, but also have the functions of piston cleaning, fuel injection and oil filtration.

[0004] The document with Chinese patent application number CN202010090042.4 discloses a fuel injector, which realizes two-level control of large flow and small flow by setting a movable flow limiter on the outer peripheral surface of the movable closure body of the fuel injector, and correspondingly setting a fixed flow limiter on the inner periphery of the fuel injector body. The document with Chinese patent application number CN115324765 A discloses a diesel engine carbon deposit removal piston structure, which heats the piston by designing multiple sets of heating wires, thereby effectively avoiding a sudden drop in engine temperature, increasing the evaporation rate of the remaining fuel in the engine cylinder, avoiding fuel residue in the engine, and reducing carbon deposit formation. However, it is only used to prevent the formation of carbon deposits, and has no direct removal effect on the carbon deposits that have already formed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in existing marine diesel engine injectors that cannot remove carbon deposits, clean pistons and filter oil, and to propose a multifunctional marine diesel engine injector that integrates the functions of removing carbon deposits, cleaning pistons, injecting oil and filtering oil.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme for a multifunctional marine diesel engine injector: it includes a control system and an injection structure, the injection structure is composed of an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring part is a fuel injection port, a fuel filter chamber, a fuel storage chamber and a fuel nozzle which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the outer ring part is a piston cleaning agent injection port, a piston cleaning agent storage chamber and a cleaning agent nozzle which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the fuel nozzle and the cleaning agent nozzle are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the injector; the top of the fuel storage chamber is a voltage stabilizing plate, the voltage stabilizing plate The plate is matched with the inner wall of the oil storage chamber through threads, an oil hole is opened in the middle of the pressure stabilizing plate, and an oil control valve is arranged in the center below the oil hole; a ball nut is embedded in the plate surface of the pressure stabilizing plate, and the ball nut cooperates with the upper end of the screw, and the screw is vertically arranged in the oil storage chamber, and a turbine is fixedly sleeved at the lower end of the screw, and the outer edge of the turbine is meshed with a horizontally arranged worm, and the worm is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor; a cleaning agent control valve is arranged below the piston cleaning agent storage chamber; the oil control valve, the motor and the cleaning agent control valve are all connected to the control system through control lines.

[0007] When the marine diesel engine is in working condition, the control system controls the oil control valve to open and the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber; based on the current pressure value, the target setting value and the difference between the two, the control system adjusts the speed and direction of the motor to make the voltage stabilizer plate reach the specified height; when the marine diesel engine stops working, the control system first closes the oil control valve and then opens the cleaning agent control valve.

[0008] The advantages of the present invention after adopting the above technical solution are:

[0009] 1. When the diesel engine is stopped, the present invention can automatically spray the cleaning agent to effectively prevent carbon deposition in the combustion chamber, extend the service life of components, and improve the reliability of the diesel engine.

[0010] 2. The present invention is designed with straight spray holes, conical spray holes and combined spray hole structures. With the intelligent control system, the spray holes can be adaptively adjusted according to the combustion chamber structure to ensure uniform fuel mixing and reduce emissions.

[0011] 3. The present invention provides a pressure stabilizing mechanism, and utilizes the pressure stabilizing mechanism to adjust the volume of the oil storage chamber during the injection period, thereby reducing the hydraulic pulsation in the oil chamber during the injection period and achieving a noise reduction effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of a marine diesel engine injector;

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged half-section view of a multifunctional marine diesel engine injector of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Middle filter structure diagram;

[0016] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of the local structure in

[0017] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the middle nozzle;

[0018] Figure 6 for Figure 5 An enlarged bottom view of the nozzle;

[0019] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the first structure of the enlarged spray hole of the fuel injector;

[0020] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A second structural schematic diagram of the enlarged spray hole of the middle injector;

[0021] Fig. 9 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the third structure with the spray hole of the middle injector enlarged.

[0022] In the figure: 1. control system; 2. injection structure; 3. cylinder liner; 4. engine body; 5. piston; 6. combustion chamber; 7. cylinder head; 8. valve; 21. oil filling port; 22. piston cleaning agent storage chamber; 23. oil control valve; 24. cleaning agent control valve; 25. cleaning agent nozzle; 26. oil nozzle; 27. voltage stabilizing plate; 28. piston cleaning agent injection port; 29. ​​oil storage chamber; 30. oil filter chamber; 31. worm; 32. bottom surface of injector; 33. motor; 34. screw; 35. ball nut; 36. turbine; 261. cleaning agent nozzle; 262. oil nozzle; 301. filter screen; 221. straight spray hole; 222. conical spray hole; 223. combined spray hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the marine diesel engine includes a cylinder liner 3, a body 4, a piston 5, a combustion chamber 6, a cylinder head 7 and a valve 8. The body 4 is provided with a cylinder liner 3, the cylinder liner 3 is sealed with a cylinder head 7, the piston 5 is sleeved in the cylinder liner 3, the piston 5 is above the combustion chamber 6, and the combustion chamber 6 is provided with a valve 8. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector of the present invention includes a control system 1 and an injection structure 2, the injection structure 2 is fixedly mounted on the cylinder head 7 of the marine diesel engine, and the bottom thereof is communicated with the combustion chamber 6. The injection structure 2 is connected to the external control system 1.

[0024] like Figure 2As shown, the fuel injection structure 2 is composed of an inner ring and an outer ring, which are concentrically arranged but independent of each other, so as to effectively isolate the fuel and the cleaning agent and improve the space utilization efficiency of the fuel injection structure 2. The inner ring part and the outer ring part have a common fuel injector bottom surface 32.

[0025] The inner circle is used for oil injection, and from top to bottom are the oil injection port 21, the oil filter chamber 30, the oil storage chamber 29 and the oil nozzle 26. The oil injection port 21, the oil filter chamber 30, the oil storage chamber 29 and the oil nozzle 26 are connected in sequence, and the central axes are collinear. Among them, the top oil injection port 21 is directly connected to the oil filter chamber 30 to ensure that all the fuel entering the injection structure 2 is first filtered through the oil filter chamber 30 to remove impurities in the fuel and ensure the quality of the fuel.

[0026] The outer ring is used for piston cleaning agent injection, and is also arranged from top to bottom, including the piston cleaning agent injection port 28, the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22 and the cleaning agent nozzle 25. The central axes of the piston cleaning agent injection port 28, the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22 and the cleaning agent nozzle 25 are in line with the central axis of the inner ring. Among them, the piston cleaning agent injection port 28 is directly connected to the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22. The oil nozzle 26 and the cleaning agent nozzle 25 are fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface 32 of the injector.

[0027] Three layers of filter screens 301 are arranged in the oil filter chamber 30 from top to bottom at intervals. Figure 3 The filter 301 shown is used to achieve efficient filtration of oil. Slots are provided on the inner wall of the oil filter chamber 301, which match the raised parts on the edge of the filter 301 to achieve a fixed connection between the filter 301 and the oil filter chamber 30. Each layer of the filter 301 is woven with high-density metal wire, and its aperture gradually decreases from top to bottom, forming a progressive filtration system. The first layer of filter 301 at the top is mainly responsible for intercepting larger particles, the second layer of filter 301 in the middle further refines the filtration process, and the third layer of filter 301 at the bottom is used to capture tiny impurities to ensure that the oil that finally passes through reaches an extremely high purity standard. This multi-stage filtration design can not only effectively extend the service life of the injection structure 2, but also significantly improve the engine performance.

[0028] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the top of the oil storage chamber 29 is a pressure stabilizing plate 27, which is located below the third filter screen 301 and does not contact the third filter screen 301. The outer edge of the pressure stabilizing plate 27 is designed with a threaded structure that matches the inner wall of the oil storage chamber 29. The pressure stabilizing plate 27 can move up and down along the oil storage chamber 29 in a spiral form by threading with the inner wall of the oil storage chamber 29. An oil through hole is opened in the middle of the pressure stabilizing plate 27, and an oil control valve 23 is set in the center below the oil through hole. The oil control valve 23 is connected to the control system 1 through a control line. The position of the oil control valve 23 is controlled by the control system 1, so that the oil in the oil filter chamber 30 can enter the oil storage chamber 29, realizing the circulation control of the oil.

[0029] A ball nut 35 is embedded on the plate surface of the pressure stabilizing plate 27, and the ball nut 35 cooperates with the upper end of the screw 34. The ball nut 35 contains a closed ball circulation system, in which the balls roll between the spiral groove of the screw 34 and the groove of the ball nut. The pressure stabilizing plate 27, the ball nut 35 and the screw 34 are sealed in sequence to prevent the oil in the oil filter chamber 30 from leaking out. The oil control valve 23 does not interfere with the ball nut 35. The screw 34 is vertically arranged in the oil storage chamber 29, and the lower end of the screw 34 is fixedly sleeved with a turbine 36. The outer edge of the turbine 36 is meshed with the horizontally arranged worm 31. The worm 31 extends out of the oil filter chamber 30 and passes through the outside of the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22, and is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor 33. The motor 33 is fixedly connected and installed on the outer side wall of the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22, and is located below the valve seat of the cleaning agent control valve 24. The motor 33 is connected to the control system 1, and the control system 1 controls the operation of the motor 33. The motor 33 is used to drive the worm 31 to rotate, and the worm 31 drives the turbine 36 to rotate, generating torque. As the screw 34 rotates, the ball rolls between the screw thread groove and the groove in the ball nut 35, and moves cyclically along the closed path. This enables the ball nut 35 to smoothly and accurately move up and down along the screw meshing, thereby causing the voltage stabilizing plate 27 to rise or fall in the oil storage chamber 29, changing the volume of the oil storage chamber 29, thereby adjusting the pressure in the oil storage chamber 29.

[0030] When the diesel engine is in operation, the control system 1 uses the PID algorithm to precisely control the position of the voltage stabilizer plate 27. The algorithm calculates and generates corresponding control instructions based on the current pressure value, the target set value, and the difference between the two to adjust the speed and direction of the motor 33 to ensure that the voltage stabilizer plate 27 can reach the specified height. With this mechanism, the system can dynamically adjust the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber 29 to keep it in the optimal range, effectively suppressing vibrations that may occur during the injection process.

[0031] The outer circle of the oil storage chamber 29 is the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22, and a cleaning agent control valve 24 is arranged below the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22. The cleaning agent control valve 24 is connected to the control system 1, and the cleaning agent control valve 24 is controlled by the control system 1 to shrink outward, thereby allowing the cleaning agent to flow downward from the piston cleaning agent storage chamber 22 and accurately guide to the lower bottom surface 32 of the fuel injector. A circle of more than 1,000 tiny holes is opened in the central area of ​​the lower bottom surface 32 of the fuel injector. These tiny holes serve as channels, allowing the cleaning agent to pass smoothly and finally reach the cleaning agent nozzle 25 below.

[0032] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, both the cleaning agent nozzle 25 and the oil nozzle 26 are conical and extend into the combustion chamber 6. The cleaning agent nozzle 25 is sleeved outside the oil nozzle 26. The cleaning agent nozzle 25 is provided with a cleaning agent nozzle 261, and the oil nozzle 26 is provided with an oil nozzle 262. The bases of the cleaning agent nozzle 261 and the oil nozzle 262 are tightly fitted with the conical tips of the corresponding needle valves to form a sealing surface. The control system 1 controls whether the needle valves of each nozzle are opened, and further controls the number of nozzles opened.

[0033] like Figure 6 , 7 , 8, and 9, the oil nozzle 262 has three different structures, namely Figure 7 Direct injection hole 221, Figure 8 The conical nozzle 222 and Fig. 9 The three spray hole structures are arranged as a group, and are evenly and alternately arranged on the oil nozzle 26 along the circumferential direction at equal intervals. Figure 6 According to the operating load of the diesel engine, the number of needle valves opened and the number of injections of the injection holes are adaptively controlled by the control system 1 .

[0034] Since the piston cleaning agent does not need to consider the operation condition of the diesel engine, the cleaning agent nozzle 261 can be designed as a straight injection hole 221.

[0035] During the operation of the marine diesel engine, the control system 1 controls the oil control valve 23 to open in time, allowing the fuel to be accurately sprayed into the combustion chamber 6 of the diesel engine through the oil nozzle 262. After entering the combustion chamber 6, the sprayed fuel is divided into two parts according to its dynamic characteristics: one part of the fuel directly impacts the bottom of the combustion chamber 6. Due to the impact of the impact force, this part of the fuel quickly spreads around to form a spray beam similar to a disc. This part of the fuel can make full use of the air resources at the bottom of the combustion chamber 6; at the same time, the other part of the fuel will collide with the side wall of the combustion chamber 6. Thanks to the high-speed impact and the guiding effect of the side wall, this part of the fuel will be further broken into smaller droplets, greatly increasing the surface area of ​​the fuel and promoting the mixing efficiency between the fuel and the air, thereby achieving a more efficient and thorough combustion process, and effectively reducing the emission of harmful substances such as HC (hydrocarbons).

[0036] Whenever the marine diesel engine stops working, the control system 1 will execute the corresponding program, first closing the oil control valve 23, and then opening the cleaning agent control valve 24. At this time, the oil injection structure 2 will spray a special cleaning agent to form an effective cleaning agent spray beam, which can effectively dissolve and remove carbon deposits on the piston 5, ensure the cleanliness of the engine, and thus ensure the long-term stable operation and performance of the marine diesel engine.

Claims

1. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector, comprising a control system (1) and a fuel injection structure (2), characterized in that: The oil injection structure (2) is composed of an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring is connected to an oil injection port (21), an oil filter chamber (30), an oil storage chamber (29) and an oil nozzle (26) from top to bottom. The outer ring is connected to a piston cleaning agent injection port (28), a piston cleaning agent storage chamber (22) and a cleaning agent nozzle (25) from top to bottom. The oil nozzle (26) and the cleaning agent nozzle (25) are fixedly connected to the bottom surface (32) of the oil injector. The top of the oil storage chamber (29) is a pressure stabilizing plate (27). The pressure stabilizing plate (27) and the inner wall of the oil storage chamber (29) are threadedly matched. An oil through hole is opened in the middle of the pressure stabilizing plate (27). An oil control valve (23) is arranged at the center below the oil hole; a ball nut (35) is embedded on the plate surface of the pressure stabilizing plate (27), the ball nut (35) matches with the upper end of a screw (34), the screw (34) is vertically arranged in the oil storage chamber (29), a turbine (36) is fixedly sleeved at the lower end of the screw (34), the outer edge of the turbine (36) is meshed with a horizontally arranged worm (31), and the worm (31) is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor (33); a cleaning agent control valve (24) is arranged below the piston cleaning agent storage chamber (22); the oil control valve (23), the motor (33) and the cleaning agent control valve (24) are all connected to the control system (1) through a control line.

2. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the marine diesel engine is in working state, the control system (1) controls the oil control valve (23) to open, and fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber; the control system (1) adjusts the speed and direction of the motor (33) based on the current pressure value, the target setting value, and the difference between the two, so that the voltage stabilizing plate (27) reaches a specified height; when the marine diesel engine stops working, the control system (1) first closes the oil control valve (23), and then opens the cleaning agent control valve (24).

3. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axes of the oil filling port (21), the oil filter chamber (30), the oil storage chamber (29) and the oil nozzle (26) are collinear.

4. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central axes of the piston cleaning agent injection port (28), the piston cleaning agent storage chamber (22) and the cleaning agent nozzle (25) are colinear with the central axis of the inner ring portion.

5. The multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three layers of filter screens (301) are arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the oil filter chamber (30), and the apertures of the three layers of filter screens (301) gradually decrease from top to bottom.

6. The multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning agent nozzle (25) and the oil nozzle (26) are both conical, the cleaning agent nozzle (25) is sleeved outside the oil nozzle (26), the cleaning agent nozzle (25) is provided with a detergent nozzle (261), and the oil nozzle (26) is provided with an oil nozzle (262).

7. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bases of the detergent spray port (261) and the oil spray port (262) are tightly fitted with the conical tips of the corresponding needle valves, and the control system (1) controls the opening of each spray port.

8. The multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detergent spray port (261) adopts a straight spray hole (221).

9. The multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oil spray port (262) comprises a straight spray hole (221), a conical spray hole (222) and a combined spray hole (223), and the three types of spray holes are evenly and alternately arranged on the oil spray nozzle (26) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

10. A multifunctional marine diesel engine injector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control system (1) adaptively controls the number of three nozzle openings and the number of injections.

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