Multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-pressure gas pressure reduction, and discloses a multi-stage pressure reduction device suitable for different pressure gradients, which comprises a main valve body, an upper valve cover is connected above the main valve body, and an outlet valve cover is connected below the main valve body; a plurality of mounting grooves are formed in the upper part of the main valve body side by side, and a group of main body pressure reducing and adjusting mechanisms are correspondingly mounted in each mounting groove; a flow dividing and guiding mechanism is further installed on the portion, between every two adjacent installation grooves, of the main valve body. A one-way air outlet mechanism is installed at the position, corresponding to each flow dividing and guiding mechanism, of the upper portion of the outlet valve deck, and air outlets of the one-way air outlet mechanisms are communicated with an air outlet of the outlet valve deck through air channels formed in the outlet valve deck. A plurality of corresponding main body pressure reducing and adjusting mechanisms, flow dividing and guiding mechanisms and one-way gas outlet mechanisms are designed in the device, gas flow channels can be selected in a self-adaptive mode according to different pressure gradients, and efficient pressure reducing and stabilizing under the multiple pressure gradients can be met at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-pressure gas decompression, and more specifically to a multi-stage decompression device suitable for different pressure gradients. Background Art

[0002] A high-pressure gas pressure reducing device is a special device that automatically reduces the working pressure of a pipeline. It can reduce the higher gas pressure in the pipeline before the valve to the required level of the pipeline. This type of device is crucial in applications that require safe, accurate and stable control of gas pressure. If the pressure at the rear end is too high, it may damage downstream components or pipelines, cause leakage, and increase the risk of explosion or fire.

[0003] At present, the main problems with the existing pressure reducing devices are: the gas storage pressures of the current gas storage tanks are different (i.e., the inlet pressures of the pressure reducing devices are different), and the required gas pressures are also different (i.e., the outlet pressures of the pressure reducing devices are different). Therefore, the current pressure reducing devices are difficult to simultaneously meet the above-mentioned different required pressure gradients.

[0004] Therefore, how to optimize the overall structure and effectively design a pressure reduction device that can adapt to different pressure gradients has become a key technical challenge that researchers in the field of high-pressure gas pressure reduction need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients, and its specific technical solution is as follows:

[0006] A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients comprises a main valve body, wherein the upper part of the main valve body is connected to an upper valve cover, and the lower part is connected to an outlet valve cover; a plurality of mounting grooves are arranged side by side on the upper part of the main valve body, and a group of main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanisms are installed in each mounting groove, and a ventilation cavity is arranged on the upper valve cover at a position corresponding to each mounting groove, and the air outlet of the ventilation cavity is connected to the upper valve cover ventilation groove which is also arranged on the upper valve cover; a main valve body rectangular groove is also arranged on the main valve body between two adjacent mounting grooves, and an upper valve cover rectangular groove is arranged on the upper valve cover at a position corresponding to each main valve body rectangular groove, and a group of flow dividing and guiding mechanisms are installed in a large rectangular groove enclosed by the main valve body rectangular groove and the upper valve cover rectangular groove, and a hole which is connected to the upper valve cover ventilation groove is arranged on the outer side of the main valve body rectangular groove close to the upper stage main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism. The main valve body has a vent groove; a one-way air outlet mechanism is installed on the upper part of the outlet valve cover corresponding to the position of each diversion and guide mechanism, and the air outlet of the one-way air outlet mechanism is connected to the outlet valve cover gas outlet through the gas channel opened on the outlet valve cover; the gas enters the installation groove through the pressure reducing air inlet hole opened on the main valve body, and flows to the ventilation cavity above after the throttling pressure reducing and expansion pressure stabilization are completed by the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism in the installation groove, and then flows into the diversion and guide mechanism through the upper valve cover vent groove and the main valve body vent groove. The diversion and guide mechanism guides the gas to the one-way air outlet mechanism below or the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the next stage according to the gas pressure; the gas flowing out of the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism at the last stage will directly flow to the one-way air outlet mechanism of the last stage through the corresponding ventilation cavity, the upper valve cover vent groove and the main valve body last-stage vent groove separately opened at the end.

[0007] Preferably, the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism comprises a stem valve core installed at the lower part of the mounting groove, and a valve seat and a throttle seat installed at the upper part of the mounting groove. The throttle seat presses the valve seat tightly against the main valve body, and the upper valve cover presses the throttle seat tightly against the main valve body. The lower part of the stem valve core is provided with an internal spring cavity, and the valve core spring is placed in the internal spring cavity and the lower end is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the mounting groove. The upper part of the stem valve core passes through the valve seat and extends to the expansion throttle cavity at the upper part of the throttle seat. A corresponding position on the upper valve cover corresponding to the throttle seat is penetrated and installed. Adjusting rod, the lower end of the adjusting rod extends into the expansion throttling cavity through the ventilation cavity and rests against the upper rod end of the stem valve core; the pressure reducing air inlet hole on the main valve body corresponds to the lower part of the connecting mounting groove, and the gas enters through the pressure reducing air inlet hole, flows along the gap between the stem valve core and the mounting groove to the space between the stem valve core and the valve seat to achieve throttling and pressure reduction, then flows to the space between the stem valve core and the throttling seat to achieve expansion and pressure stabilization, then flows to the space between the adjusting rod and the throttling seat to achieve re-throttling and pressure reduction, and then flows to the ventilation cavity between the adjusting rod and the upper valve cover to achieve re-expansion and pressure stabilization.

[0008] Preferably, the throttle seat and the main valve body are connected via threads, and the upper rod body of the regulating rod and the upper valve cover are connected via threads.

[0009] Preferably, an O-ring is sleeved on the adjusting rod, and an O-ring groove is correspondingly provided on the upper valve cover, and the O-ring is interference fit with the adjusting rod and the upper valve cover.

[0010] Preferably, the flow splitting and guiding mechanism comprises a flow splitter and a flow guide plate which are installed side by side in the rectangular groove of the main valve body and the upper ends of which extend into the rectangular groove of the upper valve cover. The upper end of the flow guide plate is close to the groove top of the rectangular groove of the main valve body. The flow splitter is close to the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the previous stage. A flow splitter spring is arranged between the upper end of the flow splitter and the groove top of the rectangular groove of the main valve body. A pressure chamber is arranged between the lower end of the flow splitter and the groove bottom of the rectangular groove of the main valve body. The flow splitter is provided with a flow splitter air inlet hole and a flow splitter air outlet hole which are arranged vertically and aligned with the ventilation groove of the main valve body. The flow guide is provided with a flow guide air inlet hole and a flow guide air outlet hole which are arranged vertically. When the gas is The vent grooves on the upper valve cover and the vent grooves on the main valve body enter the pressure chamber at the bottom of the manifold. If the gas pressure on the pressure surface of the manifold is less than the spring preload + friction force, the gas enters the guide plate from the manifold outlet hole, flows out through the guide plate outlet hole to the one-way outlet mechanism below, and then flows out from the outlet valve cover gas outlet; if the gas pressure on the pressure surface is greater than the spring preload + friction force, the gas compresses the manifold spring and pushes the manifold upward, and the gas flows in from the manifold inlet hole, through the guide plate inlet hole and the inlet groove on the main valve body, and the next level of pressure reducing inlet hole into the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the next level, and continues to complete the pressure reduction.

[0011] Preferably, a one-way piston groove 1 connected to the air outlet of the guide plate is provided at the bottom of the main valve body corresponding to the position of each diversion and guide mechanism, and a one-way piston groove 2 is provided at the upper part of the outlet valve cover corresponding to the position of each diversion and guide mechanism. The one-way air outlet mechanism includes a one-way piston which is mounted in two one-way piston grooves corresponding to the upper and lower parts. A built-in spring cavity 2 is provided at the lower part of the one-way piston. The piston spring is placed in the built-in spring cavity 2 and the lower end is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the one-way piston groove 2. The one-way piston is pressed against the main valve body by the pre-tightening force of the piston spring and is unidirectionally conducted. After the gas pushes the one-way piston downward and compresses the piston spring, it flows into the gas channel provided on the outlet valve cover through the outlet of the one-way air outlet mechanism, and finally flows out from the gas outlet of the outlet valve cover.

[0012] Preferably, the regulating rod can adjust the size of the gap formed by the stem valve core and the valve seat by moving up and down to achieve different degrees of pressure relief.

[0013] Preferably, the top end of the stem valve core and the throttling seat form a small expansion cavity, which can achieve expansion, buffering and pressure stabilization after throttling.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom end of the regulating rod is a regular hexagonal column, and the regular hexagonal column forms a local throttling gap with the throttling seat and a large-range expansion cavity with the upper valve cover.

[0015] Preferably, threaded holes are formed on the main valve body, the upper valve cover and the outlet valve cover, and the upper valve cover and the main valve body, as well as the outlet valve cover and the main valve body, are connected by corresponding bolts.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is a multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients. A corresponding number of main pressure reducing and regulating mechanisms, flow diversion and guiding mechanisms, and one-way air outlet mechanisms are designed in the device. The gas flow path can be adaptively selected according to different pressure gradients, and efficient pressure reduction and pressure stabilization under multiple pressure gradients can be simultaneously met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a front cross-sectional view of a multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional overall structural diagram of a multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the first circulation mode of high-pressure gas.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the second circulation mode of high-pressure gas.

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the third flow mode of high-pressure gas.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the valve core with stem in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a front cross-sectional view of the valve core with stem in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adjusting rod in the present invention.

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a front cross-sectional view of the adjusting rod in the present invention.

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the throttle seat in the present invention.

[0028] Fig.11 It is a front cross-sectional view of the throttle seat in the present invention.

[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the lower end of the adjusting rod and the throttle seat in the present invention.

[0030] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main valve body in the present invention.

[0031] Fig.14 It is a top view of the main valve body in the present invention.

[0032] Fig.15 It is a bottom view of the main valve body in the present invention.

[0033] Fig.16 It is a front cross-sectional view of the main valve body in the present invention.

[0034] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper valve cover in the present invention.

[0035] Fig.18 It is a top view of the upper valve cover in the present invention.

[0036] Fig.19 It is a bottom view of the upper valve cover in the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 20 It is a front cross-sectional view of the upper valve cover in the present invention.

[0038] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the outlet valve cover in the present invention.

[0039] Fig. 22 It is a top view of the outlet valve cover in the present invention.

[0040] Fig.23 It is a bottom view of the outlet valve cover in the present invention.

[0041] Fig.24 It is a front cross-sectional view of the outlet valve cover in the present invention.

[0042] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the diverter plate in the present invention.

[0043] Fig.26 It is a front cross-sectional view of the diverter plate in the present invention.

[0044] Fig. 27 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the guide plate in the present invention.

[0045] Fig.28 It is a front cross-sectional view of the guide plate in the present invention.

[0046] Fig.29 It is a front cross-sectional view of the one-way piston in the present invention.

[0047] In the figure:

[0048] 1. Main valve body; 1-1. Installation groove, 1-2. Rectangular groove of main valve body, 1-3. Ventilation groove of main valve body, 1-4. Pressure reducing air inlet hole, 1-5. Final venting groove of main valve body, 1-6. Air inlet groove, 1-7. One-way piston groove 1;

[0049] 2. Upper valve cover; 2-1. Ventilation cavity; 2-2. Ventilation groove of upper valve cover; 2-3. Rectangular groove of upper valve cover; 2-4. O-ring groove;

[0050] 3. Outlet valve cover; 3-1. One-way piston groove 2, 3-2. Gas channel, 3-3. Outlet valve cover gas outlet;

[0051] 4. Valve core with stem; 4-1. Built-in spring chamber 1;

[0052] 5. Valve seat;

[0053] 6. Throttle seat; 6-1. Expansion throttle cavity; 6-2. Valve seat groove;

[0054] 7. Valve core spring;

[0055] 8. Adjustment rod;

[0056] 9. O-ring;

[0057] 10. manifold; 10-1. manifold air inlet, 10-2. manifold air outlet, 10-3. pressure surface;

[0058] 11. guide plate; 11-1. guide plate air inlet hole; 11-2. guide plate air outlet hole;

[0059] 12. Diverter plate spring;

[0060] 13. Pressure chamber;

[0061] 14. One-way piston; 14-1. Built-in spring chamber 2;

[0062] 15. Piston spring;

[0063] 16. Threaded hole;

[0064] 17. Bolts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0067] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0068] Example:

[0069] See also Figures 1 to 29 The present embodiment provides a multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients, which is mainly composed of a main valve body 1, an upper valve cover 2, and an outlet valve cover 3, wherein the upper part of the main valve body 1 is connected to the upper valve cover 2, and the lower part is connected to the outlet valve cover 3.

[0070] In further specific embodiments, see Fig.13 , Fig.17 , Fig.21 The main valve body 1 , the upper valve cover 2 and the outlet valve cover 3 are all provided with threaded holes 16 , and the upper valve cover 2 and the main valve body 1 , as well as the outlet valve cover 3 and the main valve body 1 are connected by corresponding bolts 17 .

[0071] Several mounting grooves 1-1 are arranged side by side on the upper part of the main valve body 1, and a set of main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanisms are installed in each mounting groove 1-1. A ventilation cavity 2-1 is arranged on the upper valve cover 2 corresponding to the position of each mounting groove 1-1, and the air outlet of the ventilation cavity 2-1 is connected to the upper valve cover ventilation groove 2-2 also arranged on the upper valve cover 2.

[0072] In this embodiment, the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism includes a stem valve core 4 installed at the lower part of the installation groove 1-1, and a valve seat 5 and a throttle seat 6 installed at the upper part of the installation groove 1-1. The cross section of the installation groove 1-1 is T-shaped. The throttle seat 6 presses the valve seat 5 tightly into the main valve body 1, and the upper valve cover 2 presses the throttle seat 6 tightly onto the main valve body 1. The lower part of the stem valve core 4 is provided with a built-in spring chamber 4-1 (see Figure 7 ), the valve core spring 7 is placed in the built-in spring cavity 4-1 and the lower end is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the mounting groove 1-1; the upper part of the stem valve core 4 passes through the valve seat 5 and extends to the expansion throttling cavity 6-1 on the upper part of the throttling seat 6; see Fig.11A through passage is provided in the throttle seat 6, the upper part of the passage is the expansion throttling chamber 6-1, and the lower part of the passage is the valve seat groove 6-2.

[0073] An adjusting rod 8 is installed through the corresponding position of the throttle seat 6 on the upper valve cover 2, and the lower end of the adjusting rod 8 extends into the expansion throttling cavity 6-1 through the ventilation cavity 2-1 and presses against the upper rod end of the stem valve core 4; the pressure reducing air inlet hole 1-4 on the main valve body 1 corresponds to the lower part of the connecting groove 1-1, and the gas enters through the pressure reducing air inlet hole 1-4, flows along the gap between the stem valve core 4 and the connecting groove 1-1 to the space between the stem valve core 4 and the valve seat 5 to achieve throttling and pressure reduction, and then flows to the space between the stem valve core 4 and the throttle seat 6 to achieve expansion and pressure stabilization, and then flows to the space between the adjusting rod 8 and the throttle seat 6 to achieve re-throttling and pressure reduction, and then flows to the ventilation cavity 2-1 between the adjusting rod 8 and the upper valve cover 2 to achieve re-expansion and pressure stabilization.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, there are three groups of main pressure reducing and regulating mechanisms, that is, the gas in the pressure reducing device can meet the requirements of efficient pressure reduction and pressure stabilization under three pressure gradients.

[0075] In a further specific embodiment, the throttle seat 6 is connected to the main valve body 1 by a threaded connection, and the upper rod body of the adjusting rod 8 is connected to the upper valve cover 2 by a threaded connection; the stem valve core 4 is interference fit with the main valve body 1, and the valve seat 5 is interference fit with the throttle seat 6.

[0076] The regulating rod 8 can adjust the gap between the stem valve core 4 and the valve seat 5 by moving up and down to achieve different degrees of pressure reduction.

[0077] Taking the threaded connection between the above-mentioned middle adjusting rod 8 and the upper valve cover 2 as an example, when the adjusting rod 8 rotates downward, the gap formed by the valve core 4 with rod and the valve seat 5 increases, and the pressure relief effect is weakened; when the adjusting rod 8 rotates upward, the valve core spring 7 will push the valve core 4 with rod upward to contact with the top of the adjusting rod 8. At this time, the gap formed by the valve core 4 with rod and the valve seat 5 decreases, and the pressure relief effect is enhanced.

[0078] At the same time, in order to ensure the installation sealing effect between the upper rod body and the upper valve cover 2, the present embodiment further installs an O-ring 9 for sealing on the upper ring sleeve of the adjusting rod 8, and the upper valve cover 2 is processed with an inner groove cutter to form O-ring grooves 2-4 for convenient installation of the O-ring to complete the sealing. The O-ring 9 is interference fit with the adjusting rod 8 and the upper valve cover 2.

[0079] The top of the stem valve core in this embodiment forms a small expansion cavity with the throttle seat 6, which can achieve expansion, buffering and pressure stabilization after throttling. The bottom end of the regulating rod 8 is preferably a regular hexagonal column (see Figure 8 ), the regular hexagonal column and the throttle seat 6 form a local throttling gap ( Fig.12A in the middle) forms a large expansion cavity with the upper valve cover, which can generally achieve throttling and pressure reduction (valve core with stem and valve seat), expansion and pressure stabilization (valve core with stem and throttling seat), re-throttling and pressure reduction (adjusting stem and throttling seat), and re-expansion and pressure stabilization (adjusting stem and upper valve cover).

[0080] A main valve body rectangular groove 1-2 is also provided on the main valve body 1 between two adjacent installation grooves 1-1, and an upper valve cover rectangular groove 2-3 is provided on the upper valve cover 2 corresponding to each main valve body rectangular groove 1-2. A group of flow diversion and guide mechanisms are correspondingly installed in the large rectangular groove surrounded by the main valve body rectangular groove 1-2 and the upper valve cover rectangular groove 2-3. A main valve body ventilation groove 1-3 connected to the upper valve cover ventilation groove 2-2 is provided on the outside of the main valve body rectangular groove 1-2 close to the upper-level main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism.

[0081] A one-way air outlet mechanism is installed on the upper part of the outlet valve cover 3 corresponding to each flow distribution and flow guiding mechanism. The air outlet of the one-way air outlet mechanism is connected to the outlet valve cover gas outlet 3-3 through the gas channel 3-2 opened on the outlet valve cover 3.

[0082] The gas enters the installation groove 1-1 through the pressure reducing air inlet hole 1-4 opened on the main valve body 1, and flows to the upper ventilation cavity 2-1 after completing throttling pressure reduction and expansion pressure stabilization by the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism in the installation groove 1-1, and then flows into the diversion and flow guiding mechanism through the upper valve cover ventilation groove 2-2 and the main valve body ventilation groove 1-3. The diversion and flow guiding mechanism guides the gas to the one-way gas outlet mechanism below or the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the next stage according to the gas pressure; the gas flowing out of the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism at the last stage will directly flow to the one-way gas outlet mechanism of the last stage through the corresponding ventilation cavity 2-1, the upper valve cover ventilation groove 2-2 and the main valve body last stage ventilation groove 1-5 separately opened at the end.

[0083] In a further specific embodiment, the flow dividing and guiding mechanism includes a flow dividing plate 10 and a flow guiding plate 11 which are installed side by side in the rectangular groove 1-2 of the main valve body and the upper ends of which extend into the rectangular groove 2-3 of the upper valve cover. The upper end of the flow guiding plate 11 is close to the groove top of the rectangular groove 1-2 of the main valve body. The flow dividing plate 10 is close to the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the previous stage, and a flow dividing plate spring 12 is arranged between the upper end of the flow dividing plate 10 and the groove top of the rectangular groove 1-2 of the main valve body, and a pressure chamber 13 is arranged between the lower end of the flow dividing plate 10 and the groove bottom of the rectangular groove 1-2 of the main valve body; the flow dividing plate 10 is provided with a flow dividing plate air inlet hole 10-1 and a flow dividing plate air outlet hole 10-2 which are arranged vertically and aligned with the ventilation groove 1-3 of the main valve body, and the flow guiding plate 11 is provided with a flow guiding plate air inlet hole 11-1 and a flow guiding plate air outlet hole 11-2 (see Figure 25-28 The guide plate 11 in the flow distribution and guide mechanism is transitionally matched with the corresponding main valve body 1, upper valve cover 2, and the diverter plate 10.

[0084] Furthermore, the bottom of the main valve body 1 is provided with a one-way piston groove 1-7 connected to the guide plate outlet hole 11-2 corresponding to each flow distribution and guide mechanism, and the upper part of the outlet valve cover 3 is provided with a one-way piston groove 2 3-1 corresponding to each flow distribution and guide mechanism (see Fig.24 ), the one-way air outlet mechanism includes a one-way piston 14 which is mounted in two corresponding one-way piston grooves, and a built-in spring chamber 14-1 is provided at the lower part of the one-way piston 14 (see Fig.29 ), the piston spring 15 is placed in the built-in spring chamber 14-1 and the lower end is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the one-way piston groove 3-1; the one-way piston 14 and its corresponding main valve body 1 and outlet valve cover 3 are transitionally matched, and the one-way piston 14 is pressed against the main valve body 1 by the pre-tightening force of the piston spring 15, and the one-way conduction is convenient for the gas in the channel to compress the piston spring 15 and push the one-way piston 14 to flow out (such as Figure 3 When the gas flows out from other paths, the one-way piston 14 can also prevent the gas from flowing back from other paths (as shown); Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown).

[0085] When the gas enters the pressure chamber 13 at the bottom of the manifold 10 through the upper valve cover vent groove 2-2 and the main valve body vent groove 1-3, if the gas pressure on the pressure surface 10-3 on the manifold 10 is less than the spring preload force + friction force, the gas enters the guide plate 11 through the manifold outlet hole 10-2, and flows out through the guide plate outlet hole 11-2 to the one-way piston 14 in the one-way air outlet mechanism below. After the gas pushes the one-way piston 14 downward and compresses the piston spring 15, it flows into the gas channel 3-2 opened on the outlet valve cover 3 through the outlet port of the one-way air outlet mechanism, and finally flows out from the outlet valve cover gas outlet 3-3. The flow state is as follows: Figure 3 As shown; if the gas pressure on the pressure surface 10-3 is greater than the spring preload + friction force, the gas compresses the manifold spring 12 and pushes the manifold 10 upward, and the gas flows in from the manifold inlet hole 10-1, through the guide plate inlet hole 11-1 and the inlet groove 1-6 opened on the main valve body 1, and the next level of pressure relief inlet hole 1-4 into the next level of the main body pressure relief and adjustment mechanism, and continues to complete the pressure relief. The flow state is as follows Figure 4 or Figure 5 shown.

[0086] In this specific embodiment, three adjusting rods 8 are installed on the upper valve cover 2, and three ventilation chambers 2-1 and three upper valve cover ventilation grooves 2-2 are provided to facilitate the decompressed gas to flow into the diversion and guide mechanism through the ventilation chamber 2-1 and the upper valve cover ventilation groove 2-2, and then flow out through the diversion and guide mechanism or flow into the next stage to continue decompression.

[0087] In this specific embodiment, the main valve body 1 is provided with two main valve body vent grooves 1-3 and one main valve body final vent groove 1-5 which are respectively connected to the corresponding three upper valve cover vent grooves 2-2, as well as two air inlet grooves 1-6 and three pressure reducing air inlet holes 1-4, wherein the pressure reducing air inlet hole 2 (see Fig.16 B in the middle) and pressure relief air intake hole 3 (refer to Fig.16 (Indicated by C in the middle) is processed using an internal groove cutter.

[0088] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0089] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients, characterized in that: The main valve body comprises a main valve body, the upper part of the main valve body is connected to the upper valve cover, and the lower part is connected to the outlet valve cover; a plurality of installation grooves are arranged side by side on the upper part of the main valve body, and a group of main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanisms are installed in each installation groove, and a ventilation cavity is arranged on the upper valve cover at a position corresponding to each installation groove, and the air outlet of the ventilation cavity is connected to the upper valve cover ventilation groove which is also arranged on the upper valve cover; a main valve body rectangular groove is also arranged on the main valve body between two adjacent installation grooves, and an upper valve cover rectangular groove is arranged on the upper valve cover at a position corresponding to each main valve body rectangular groove, and a group of flow dividing and guiding mechanisms are installed in the large rectangular groove enclosed by the main valve body rectangular groove and the upper valve cover rectangular groove, and a main valve body ventilation groove which is connected to the upper valve cover ventilation groove is arranged on the side of the main valve body rectangular groove close to the upper-level main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism; the outlet valve A one-way air outlet mechanism is installed at the position corresponding to each diversion and guide mechanism on the upper part of the cover, and the air outlet of the one-way air outlet mechanism is connected to the gas outlet of the outlet valve cover through the gas channel opened on the outlet valve cover; the gas enters the installation groove through the pressure reducing air inlet hole opened on the main valve body, and flows to the ventilation cavity above after the throttling pressure reducing and expansion pressure stabilization are completed by the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism in the installation groove, and then flows into the diversion and guide mechanism through the upper valve cover ventilation groove and the main valve body ventilation groove. The diversion and guide mechanism guides the gas to the one-way air outlet mechanism below or the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the next stage according to the gas pressure; the gas flowing out of the main pressure reducing and regulating mechanism at the last stage will directly flow to the one-way air outlet mechanism of the last stage through the corresponding ventilation cavity, the upper valve cover ventilation groove and the main valve body last-stage ventilation groove separately opened at the end.

2. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism comprises a stem valve core installed at the lower part of the mounting groove, and a valve seat and a throttle seat installed at the upper part of the mounting groove. The throttle seat presses the valve seat tightly against the main valve body, and the upper valve cover presses the throttle seat tightly against the main valve body. The lower part of the stem valve core is provided with an internal spring cavity, and the valve core spring is placed in the internal spring cavity and the lower end is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the mounting groove. The upper part of the stem valve core passes through the valve seat and extends to the expansion throttle cavity at the upper part of the throttle seat. An adjusting valve is installed through the corresponding position of the throttle seat on the upper valve cover. Rod, the lower end of the adjusting rod extends into the expansion throttling cavity through the ventilation cavity and abuts against the upper rod end of the stem valve core; the pressure reducing air inlet hole on the main valve body corresponds to the lower part of the connecting mounting groove, and the gas enters through the pressure reducing air inlet hole, flows along the gap between the stem valve core and the mounting groove to the space between the stem valve core and the valve seat to achieve throttling and pressure reduction, then flows to the space between the stem valve core and the throttling seat to achieve expansion and pressure stabilization, then flows to the space between the adjusting rod and the throttling seat to achieve re-throttling and pressure reduction, and then flows to the ventilation cavity between the adjusting rod and the upper valve cover to achieve re-expansion and pressure stabilization.

3. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The throttle seat is connected to the main valve body through threads, and the upper rod body of the regulating rod is connected to the upper valve cover through threads.

4. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 2, characterized in that: An O-ring is also sleeved on the regulating rod, and an O-ring groove is correspondingly opened on the upper valve cover. The O-ring, the regulating rod and the upper valve cover are all interference fit.

5. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The flow dividing and guiding mechanism comprises a flow dividing plate and a flow guiding plate which are installed side by side in the rectangular groove of the main valve body and the upper ends of which extend to the rectangular groove of the upper valve cover. The upper end of the flow guiding plate is close to the groove top of the rectangular groove of the main valve body. The flow dividing plate is close to the main body pressure reducing and regulating mechanism of the previous stage. A flow dividing plate spring is arranged between the upper end of the flow dividing plate and the groove top of the rectangular groove of the main valve body. A pressure-bearing cavity is arranged between the lower end of the flow dividing plate and the groove bottom of the rectangular groove of the main valve body. The flow dividing plate is provided with a flow dividing plate air inlet hole and a flow dividing plate air outlet hole which are arranged vertically and aligned with the ventilation groove of the main valve body. The flow guiding plate is provided with a flow guiding plate air inlet hole and a flow guiding plate air outlet hole which are arranged vertically. When the gas flows from the upper valve The cover vent groove and the main valve body vent groove enter the pressure chamber at the bottom of the diverter plate. If the gas pressure on the pressure surface of the diverter plate is less than the spring preload + friction force, the gas enters the guide plate from the diverter plate outlet hole, flows out to the one-way outlet mechanism below through the guide plate outlet hole, and then flows out from the outlet valve cover gas outlet; if the gas pressure on the pressure surface is greater than the spring preload + friction force, the gas compresses the diverter plate spring and pushes the diverter plate to move upward, and the gas flows in from the diverter plate inlet hole, and flows into the main body pressure reduction and adjustment mechanism of the next level through the guide plate inlet hole and the air inlet groove opened on the main valve body, and the pressure reduction inlet hole of the next level, thereby continuing to complete the pressure reduction.

6. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A one-way piston groove 1 connected to the air outlet of the guide plate is provided at the bottom of the main valve body corresponding to the position of each diversion and guide mechanism, and a one-way piston groove 2 is provided at the upper part of the outlet valve cover corresponding to the position of each diversion and guide mechanism. The one-way air outlet mechanism includes a one-way piston which is mounted in two one-way piston grooves corresponding to the upper and lower parts. A built-in spring cavity 2 is provided at the lower part of the one-way piston. The piston spring is placed in the built-in spring cavity 2 and the lower end is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the one-way piston groove 2. The one-way piston is pressed against the main valve body by the pre-tightening force of the piston spring and is unidirectionally conducted. After the gas pushes the one-way piston downward and compresses the piston spring, it flows into the gas channel provided on the outlet valve cover through the outlet of the one-way air outlet mechanism, and finally flows out from the gas outlet of the outlet valve cover.

7. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The regulating rod can adjust the gap between the stem valve core and the valve seat by moving up and down to achieve different degrees of pressure relief.

8. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top end of the stem valve core and the throttling seat form a small expansion cavity, which can achieve expansion, buffering and pressure stabilization after throttling.

9. A multi-stage pressure reducing device suitable for different pressure gradients according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom end of the regulating rod is a regular hexagonal column, which forms a local throttling gap with the throttling seat and a large-range expansion cavity with the upper valve cover.

10. The multi-stage pressure reducing device applicable to different pressure gradients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main valve body, the upper valve cover and the outlet valve cover are all provided with threaded holes, and the upper valve cover and the main valve body, as well as the outlet valve cover and the main valve body are connected by corresponding bolts.

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