Solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device and aims to solve the problems that a traditional boiler is low in solid waste blending combustion proportion, limited in type, high in pollution and the like. The device comprises a solid waste pyrolysis chamber and a flue gas treatment chamber. The innovation point is that the flue gas treatment chamber is of a labyrinth winding corridor structure, and a partition wall and a flue gas channel are arranged in the flue gas treatment chamber, so that flue gas flows circuitously, and sufficient mixing and homogenization are realized. Various solid wastes can be efficiently and cleanly incinerated, the blending combustion proportion is remarkably increased, the fuel variety is expanded, pollutant emission is reduced, heat energy is effectively recycled, the system can be applied to various boilers in a coupled mode, and energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment and thermal energy utilization, and in particular to a solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device, and more particularly to a device that can be coupled to various boilers for efficiently and cleanly incinerating solid waste and recovering thermal energy. Background Art

[0002] Under the strategic guidance of the carbon neutrality goal, the optimization and transformation of energy structure has become an important issue in the industrial field. In particular, high-energy-consuming industries such as cement, thermal power, electrolytic aluminum, and steel are facing an urgent need to replace traditional fossil energy. At present, coal-fired boilers are the main thermal energy supply equipment, and their technological innovation has an important impact on achieving carbon emission reduction goals.

[0003] From the perspective of technical substitution, the coordinated utilization of biomass fuels and industrial solid waste is gradually becoming an important direction for coal substitution. Among them, industrial solid waste has shown unique advantages in the field of coal-fired boiler co-combustion with its low economic cost and resource potential. However, the existing technical system still has significant technical bottlenecks in practical application, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0004] In terms of fuel adaptability, the blending ratio of traditional chain grate boilers and reciprocating grate boilers is generally low, usually only maintained at a level of 10%-30%. This limitation is mainly due to the significant differences in the combustion characteristics of different fuels, which makes it difficult to achieve large-scale utilization of industrial solid waste. In addition, existing equipment has a high selectivity for fuel types, mainly limited to light and flammable materials such as cloth strips and fabrics, while it is difficult to achieve effective combustion of plastic resins, high-moisture materials and industrial solid waste mixed with impurities.

[0005] In terms of combustion efficiency and environmental performance, the mixing of industrial solid waste often leads to incomplete combustion, which easily produces by-products such as black smoke, odor and tar. These pollutants not only affect the quality of ambient air, but also form deposits on the boiler tube walls and economizers, reducing heat transfer efficiency and affecting the stability of equipment operation. More importantly, the existing tail gas treatment system cannot fully meet the requirements of stable emission standards, which to a certain extent restricts the promotion and application of technology.

[0006] In view of the above technical bottlenecks, the development of new solid waste incineration and heat recovery equipment has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. The technical solution should focus on solving key problems such as high-proportion blending, adaptability to multiple types of solid waste, combustion efficiency improvement and pollutant control, so as to achieve efficient and clean utilization of industrial solid waste. This innovative technical path can not only provide support for the energy-saving and emission-reduction transformation of traditional coal-fired boilers, but also promote the transformation and upgrading of the thermal energy supply field towards low-carbon and clean directions. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems and overcome the problems of limited combustion ratio, limited types of solid waste, incomplete combustion and pollution emissions when co-combusting solid waste in traditional boilers such as chain grate boilers and reciprocating grate boilers in the prior art, a solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device is provided to achieve efficient and clean incineration of various types of solid waste and effectively recycle heat energy.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device, comprising: a solid waste pyrolysis chamber and a flue gas treatment chamber.

[0009] The solid waste pyrolysis chamber is configured to perform pyrolysis treatment on the solid waste. The pyrolysis chamber can adopt various existing mature pyrolysis furnace structures, such as but not limited to reciprocating grate incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, etc. By controlling the temperature and oxygen concentration in the pyrolysis chamber, the solid waste is thermally decomposed in an oxygen-deficient or low-oxygen environment to generate pyrolysis flue gas.

[0010] The core innovation of the present invention lies in the structural design of the flue gas treatment chamber. The flue gas treatment chamber is connected to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber, receives the flue gas generated from the solid waste pyrolysis chamber through the flue gas inlet, and discharges the flue gas passing through the flue gas treatment chamber through the flue gas outlet.

[0011] In order to make the flue gas fully mixed and homogenized in the flue gas treatment chamber and create favorable conditions for subsequent heat energy utilization and tail gas purification, the present invention has specially designed the internal structure of the flue gas treatment chamber:

[0012] The internal space of the smoke treatment chamber is divided into at least two smoke flow passages by at least one partition wall perpendicular to the direction of smoke travel. A smoke passage is arranged on the partition wall to connect adjacent smoke flow passages. The smoke passage, smoke inlet, smoke outlet and smoke flow passage together form a labyrinth corridor structure, so that the smoke travels in a circuitous manner in the smoke treatment chamber. This labyrinth corridor structure can effectively prolong the residence time of the smoke in the smoke treatment chamber, increase the contact area between the smoke and the wall, strengthen the mixing effect of the smoke, and promote the homogenization of the smoke components and temperature.

[0013] Preferably, in order to further enhance the homogenization effect of flue gas and block larger particles to a certain extent, in the solid waste incineration heat utilization device of the present invention, at least one partition wall is provided on the end partition wall near the flue gas outlet. The partition wall is roughly perpendicular to the end partition wall, and a plurality of flue gas holes are evenly distributed on the partition wall. The partition wall at least partially or completely closes a flue gas flow channel. When the flue gas flows through the partition wall, it needs to pass through the evenly distributed flue gas holes to pass, which further disperses the flue gas flow, allowing it to enter the subsequent flue gas outlet and flue gas channel more evenly, and can effectively block larger particles of fly ash, reduce its entry into subsequent equipment, and reduce equipment wear and ash accumulation risks.

[0014] In order to more effectively achieve flue gas homogenization and particle separation, preferably, the partition wall can be divided into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, and the flue gas holes can be mainly arranged in the middle part. In this way, the inertia of flue gas flow can be utilized to make heavier particles settle to the lower part more easily, while lighter flue gas mainly passes through the small hole channel in the middle part, thereby achieving a preliminary flue gas purification effect.

[0015] In order to further enhance the degree of detour and mixing effect of the smoke in the smoke treatment chamber, preferably, the position of the smoke channel is set to be away from the adjacent smoke inlet, smoke outlet or another smoke channel. In addition, the positions of two adjacent smoke channels on the partition wall are staggered up and down. This staggered arrangement forces the smoke to constantly change its flow direction when flowing through different smoke flow channels, so as to be more fully mixed and homogenized.

[0016] In order to further enhance the turbulence effect at the entrance of the smoke channel and improve the smoke mixing efficiency, preferably, in the solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device of the present invention, a flow blocking structure is provided at the proximal end of the smoke inlet of the smoke channel. The flow blocking structure can be any structure that can prevent the airflow from directly and quickly passing through the entrance of the smoke channel, such as a baffle, a protrusion, a grille, etc. By providing the flow blocking structure, the smoke can collide, return, and disturb before entering the smoke channel, thereby enhancing the mixing effect of the smoke.

[0017] In order to fully recycle the heat energy in the flue gas and improve the energy utilization efficiency, the solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device of the present invention may also include a heat energy utilization system. The heat energy utilization system is configured to receive the flue gas discharged from the flue gas treatment chamber and recycle the heat energy in the flue gas. The heat energy utilization system can be various types of boilers, such as chain grate boilers, fluidized bed boilers, sludge rotary kiln incinerators, pulverized coal boilers, etc., or other types of heat energy utilization equipment, such as thermal oil boilers, hot air furnaces, waste heat boilers, etc.

[0018] In order to ensure the stable operation of the entire system and the emission of tail gas that meets the standards, the solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device of the present invention may also include a fan system. The fan system may include a combustion-supporting blower and an induced draft fan. The combustion-supporting blower is configured to provide combustion-supporting air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber to support the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis chamber. The induced draft fan is arranged downstream of the thermal energy utilization system and is configured to extract flue gas, provide power for the flow of system flue gas, and ensure that the flue gas can smoothly enter the subsequent tail gas treatment system (if provided).

[0019] The present invention has achieved a number of technological breakthroughs in the field of solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization, and its core value is reflected in the optimization and innovation of traditional processes. By constructing an independent pyrolysis combustion system, the device not only significantly improves the utilization rate of solid waste resources, but also provides a practical technical solution to solve current energy and environmental problems.

[0020] In terms of fuel substitution, the device breaks through the inherent limitations of traditional boiler systems through innovative structural design and process flow. When treating solid waste, the traditional chain grate boiler, reciprocating grate boiler and other systems are subject to combustion conditions and technical limitations, and their blending ratio is generally maintained at a low level of 10%-30%. The present invention significantly improves the substitution ratio of solid waste fuel by establishing an independent solid waste pyrolysis combustion system and combining it with advanced flue gas homogenization treatment technology. Specifically, when coupled with a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, the flue gas obtained by burning solid waste is directly used in the thermal energy utilization system, and the direct flue gas utilization ratio can be expanded to a wide range of 20%-100%; when coupled with traditional chain grate boilers and reciprocating grate boilers, the utilization ratio of flue gas obtained by burning is also much higher than the level of direct blending of solid waste in the existing technology. This technological innovation not only greatly reduces the consumption of fossil fuels, but also provides reliable technical support for the large-scale disposal of industrial solid waste, urban solid waste and other wastes.

[0021] This is because traditional boiler systems have strict requirements on the physical and chemical properties of solid waste fuels, including parameters such as moisture content, calorific value, and impurity content, which all need to be controlled within a specific range. In contrast, the present invention can process solid wastes with high moisture content (0-60%), solid wastes containing plastic resins, solid wastes with large fluctuations in calorific value, and solid waste fuels containing impurities such as stones, metals, and glass. This wide adaptability lowers the threshold for solid waste pretreatment, helps expand the source channels of solid waste fuels, and improves the operating economy of the system.

[0022] In terms of environmental performance, the device adopts innovative structural designs such as labyrinth corridor flue gas flow ducts and partition walls, which effectively improves combustion efficiency by extending the residence time of flue gas and promoting gas-solid mixing. This design not only reduces the generation of incomplete combustion products, but also reduces the concentration of fly ash emissions through physical separation. From the actual application effect, the device performs outstandingly in reducing the emission of pollutants such as black smoke, odor, and tar, and can better meet the increasingly stringent environmental emission standards.

[0023] In terms of thermal energy utilization, the high-temperature flue gas that has been homogenized has more stable temperature and composition distribution characteristics, which is not only conducive to the stable operation of the subsequent thermal energy utilization system, but also improves the overall thermal efficiency and steam quality. From the perspective of engineering application, the modular design of the device simplifies the coupling process with the existing boiler system, with a short transformation cycle and low cost, and has good prospects for promotion and application. This technological innovation provides a practical technical solution for the energy-saving and emission-reduction upgrading of traditional coal-fired boilers, and is of great significance in promoting the transformation of energy structure and the resource utilization of solid waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is the front view of Example 1.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of Example 1.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-section view at AA in the middle.

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-section view at the middle BB.

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at CC. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0030] Example 1.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment demonstrates the application of coupling the solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device of the present invention with an existing chain grate boiler.

[0032] The core components of the device include a solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1 in the form of a solid waste reciprocating grate incinerator, a flue gas treatment chamber 2, a heat energy utilization system 3 in the form of a chain grate boiler, and a fan system. During the operation of the device, the solid waste is first sent into the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, which specifically adopts the structure of a reciprocating grate incinerator. The reciprocating grate is composed of staggered grate plates. The reciprocating motion of the grate plates is controlled by a driving mechanism to achieve the pushing, turning and stirring of the solid waste, ensuring that the solid waste is fully in contact with the combustion-supporting air entering the furnace, so as to efficiently carry out the pyrolysis reaction. The combustion-supporting blower 4 provides air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1. By accurately controlling the air intake, the inside of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is maintained in an oxygen-deficient or low-oxygen environment, which promotes the thermal decomposition of the solid waste under high temperature and low oxygen conditions, generates pyrolysis flue gas rich in combustible components, and produces solid residues. The solid residues produced by pyrolysis are finally discharged from the slag discharger 5 at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The high-temperature flue gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 1 is then introduced into the flue gas treatment chamber 2 connected thereto through the flue gas inlet 6 .

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the smoke treatment chamber 2 is the key innovation of the present invention. Its external structure adopts a vaulted top design. This structural form can enhance the overall strength of the smoke treatment chamber 2 and facilitate the uniform flow of smoke inside. The smoke treatment chamber 2 is provided with three longitudinal partition walls. These partition walls are connected to the smoke flow direction (such as Figure 1 As shown, from left to right) vertically, the treatment chamber is divided into four flue gas flow channels. Each partition wall is provided with a flue gas channel.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the flue gas inlet 6 is arranged at Figure 2 The first smoke channel 8 is arranged on the corresponding first partition wall 7. Figure 2 The corresponding second flue gas channel 9 is arranged at the position of the upper half of the Figure 2 The relative lower half position in the middle, and the same is true for the smoke outlet 10 arranged at Figure 1 Such a staggered arrangement can control the smoke Figure 2 It moves in an S shape in the direction of the top view.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the first smoke channel 8 is located at the lower left corner of the first partition wall 7. Figure 4 As shown, the second flue gas channel 9 is located at the upper right corner of the second partition wall 11, which makes the high-temperature flue gas also present an S-shaped flow path in the horizontal direction.

[0036] At the same time, at the near end of the first smoke channel 8 (i.e., on the shortest path of the smoke flowing through the channel, such as Figure 2As shown, a baffle 12 is provided near the edge of the smoke inlet 6. The baffle 12 is usually consistent with the length of the first smoke channel 8 in the vertical direction and is vertically fixed to the first partition wall 7. The second smoke channel 9 is also provided with a similar baffle 12 structure. These baffles 12 can generate turbulence when the smoke passes through the smoke channel, especially when the smoke channel does not completely occupy the length of the partition wall in the vertical direction, the effect is more obvious.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, as the terminal structure of the flue gas treatment chamber 2, a partition wall 14 is provided which is perpendicular to the third partition wall 13 and completely closes all cross sections of the third flue gas flow channel 18 and the fourth flue gas flow channel 20, and a plurality of flue gas holes 15 are evenly distributed on the partition wall 14. In order to optimize the flue gas homogenization effect, the partition wall 14 is divided into three parts, namely, upper, middle and lower parts, in the height direction, and the flue gas holes 15 are mainly concentrated in the middle part.

[0038] The flow path of the high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas treatment chamber 2 is that it first enters the flue gas inlet 6 of the flue gas treatment chamber 2 from the flue gas outlet 10 of the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, flows through the first flue gas flow channel 16, the first flue gas channel 8, the second flue gas flow channel 17, the second flue gas channel 9 and the third flue gas flow channel 18 in sequence, passes through the flue gas small hole 15 on the partition wall 14 for the first time, then passes through the third flue gas channel 19 to the fourth flue gas flow channel 20, then passes through the flue gas small hole 15 on the partition wall 14 for the second time, and finally is discharged from the flue gas outlet 10 of the flue gas treatment chamber 2. Multiple flue gas flow channels, flue gas channels, flue gas inlet 6, flue gas outlet 10 and four flue gas flow channels together constitute a complex flow channel in a labyrinth corridor, ensuring that the flue gas travels in a circuitous manner in the flue gas treatment chamber 2, thereby achieving full mixing of the flue gas and uniformity of temperature and components.

[0039] The high-temperature flue gas that has been fully homogenized by the flue gas treatment chamber 2 is discharged from the flue gas outlet 10 and introduced into the rear heat energy utilization system 3, which is a chain grate boiler in this example. In this system, the high-temperature flue gas from the flue gas treatment chamber 2 replaces a part of the coal as an auxiliary heat source for the chain grate boiler, and together with the original coal combustion of the chain grate boiler, provides heat for the boiler, heats the water in the boiler, and generates steam or hot water. The chain grate boiler can continue to use coal or a small amount of biomass as a supplementary fuel, and operate in coordination with the high-temperature flue gas to optimize the fuel structure. Of course, the rear-end heat energy utilization system 3 can also be a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, a sludge rotary kiln incinerator or a pulverized coal boiler, which will not be repeated again.

[0040] In order to ensure the stable operation of the entire device and the smooth flow of flue gas, the device is equipped with a fan system, which includes a combustion-supporting blower 4 and an induced draft fan. The combustion-supporting blower 4 is responsible for supplying combustion-supporting air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1 to support the pyrolysis process, and also plays a role in promoting the flow of flue gas. The induced draft fan is arranged in the rear-end heat energy utilization system 3, and in this case is arranged on the tail flue of the chain grate boiler. Its main function is to extract the flue gas in the system, overcome the system operation resistance, ensure the stable flow of flue gas in the entire device, and transport the exhaust gas to the subsequent exhaust gas treatment system for purification, and finally achieve standard emissions. The induced draft fan is the core power source for the flow of flue gas in the entire solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device.

[0041] Practice has shown that by adopting the independent pyrolysis chamber 1 and the maze corridor type flue gas treatment chamber 2 proposed in the present invention, the utilization efficiency of solid waste as fuel can be effectively improved, and the clean combustion of a high proportion of solid waste and the efficient recovery of heat energy can be achieved. After passing through the flue gas treatment chamber 2, the flue gas can reach a high temperature of about 1000°C and can be flexibly coupled with various types of existing boiler systems, which fully reflects the innovation and practical value of the present invention in the field of solid waste resource utilization.

[0042] It should be further emphasized that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, and the up, down, left and right are all in the directions determined by the accompanying drawings. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can make various adjustments and optimizations to the structure and parameters of the device of the present invention according to specific application scenarios and needs. For example, the number of partition walls of the flue gas treatment chamber can be adjusted according to the actual flue gas treatment effect, the structure of the partition wall and the distribution of the flue gas holes can be optimized, different forms of flow-blocking structures can be selected, and different types of thermal energy utilization systems can be selected according to thermal energy requirements, etc. Any device that adopts the core design concept of the present invention, that is, constructing an independent solid waste pyrolysis chamber, and cooperating with a flue gas treatment chamber with a maze corridor-type flue gas flow duct, so as to realize solid waste incineration and effectively utilize thermal energy, should be deemed to fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device, comprising: a solid waste pyrolysis chamber configured to perform pyrolysis on the solid waste; and flue gas treatment chambers; It is characterized in that the flue gas treatment chamber is connected with the solid waste pyrolysis chamber, receives the flue gas generated from the solid waste pyrolysis chamber through the flue gas inlet, and discharges the flue gas passing through the flue gas treatment chamber through the flue gas outlet; wherein the internal space of the flue gas treatment chamber is divided into at least two flue gas flow passages by at least one partition wall perpendicular to the direction of smoke travel, and a smoke channel is arranged on the partition wall to connect two adjacent flue gas flow passages, and the smoke channel, smoke inlet, smoke outlet and smoke flow passage together form a maze corridor structure so that the smoke travels in a circuitous manner in the smoke treatment chamber.

2. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: At least one partition wall is arranged on the end partition wall near the smoke outlet. The partition wall is perpendicular to the end partition wall and has multiple smoke holes evenly distributed on the partition wall. The partition wall at least partially or completely closes a smoke flow channel.

3. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The partition wall is divided into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, and the smoke holes are arranged in the middle part.

4. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The position of the smoke channel is arranged to be far away from the smoke inlet, smoke outlet or another smoke channel adjacent thereto; and the positions of two adjacent smoke channels on the partition wall are staggered up and down.

5. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A baffle is provided at the proximal end of the smoke channel.

6. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a heat energy utilization system, which is configured to receive the flue gas exhausted from the flue gas treatment chamber and recover and utilize the heat energy in the flue gas.

7. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: It also includes a fan system, which includes a combustion-supporting blower and an induced draft fan. The combustion-supporting blower is configured to provide combustion-supporting air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber, and the induced draft fan is arranged in the thermal energy utilization system and configured to extract flue gas and provide flue gas propulsion power for the thermal energy utilization system.

8. The solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The solid waste pyrolysis chamber is a solid waste reciprocating grate incinerator, and the heat energy utilization system is a chain grate boiler, a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, a sludge rotary kiln incinerator or a pulverized coal boiler.

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