Columnar jointed rock mass bench blasting blast hole arrangement method
By obtaining the step parameters and advantageous joint distribution characteristics of columnar joint rock mass and optimizing the arrangement of gun holes, the serious blasting energy leakage in traditional methods is solved, and more efficient blasting effect and mining efficiency are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510167309.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
During the blasting of the cylindrical jointed rock mass step, the traditional gun hole layout method fails to fully consider the joint distribution characteristics, resulting in serious blasting energy leakage, affecting the blasting effect and the efficiency and cost of the subsequent work of the mine.
By obtaining the step parameters and advantageous joint distribution characteristics of the columnar joint rock mass to be blasted, the drilling form and gun hole depth are determined, the gun hole layout is optimized, and energy leakage is reduced.
It effectively improves the blasting energy utilization rate, reduces the blasting mass rate, and improves the overall efficiency and economic benefits of mine mining.
Smart Images
Figure CN119803211A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of open-pit mining blasting technology, and in particular to a method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass. Background Art
[0002] There are a large number of structural planes in the rock mass in nature, which make it show properties such as anisotropy and discontinuity. Columnar jointed rock mass is a special geological structure, usually found in rock masses formed by basic lava and acidic lava. Its joint surfaces are straight and parallel to each other, and the columns are almost perpendicular to the base surface of the rock mass. Among them, the structural surface of the dominant joints that has an important impact on the stability of the overall rock mass is the dominant joint surface. Step blasting is one of the most economical and efficient means of mining ore in open-pit mines and is widely used in mining production. In the step blasting process of columnar jointed rock mass, the joint surface will directly affect the blasting energy distribution, and it is often difficult to achieve the ideal blasting effect.
[0003] At present, the traditional blasthole arrangement method basically does not consider the influence of joint distribution characteristics. When the blasthole is located near the joint surface, it will cause serious leakage of blasting energy and other problems, making the blasting rate of large pieces too high, which also directly affects the efficiency and cost of subsequent mining, transportation and crushing in the mine.
[0004] The above-mentioned related technologies have the defect of serious leakage of blasting energy during the step blasting of columnar jointed rock mass. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to improve the problem of serious leakage of blasting energy during step blasting of columnar jointed rock mass, the present application provides a method for arranging blastholes for step blasting of columnar jointed rock mass.
[0006] The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass provided in this application adopts the following technical scheme: A method for arranging blastholes for step blasting of a columnar jointed rock mass comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining step parameters and dominant joint distribution characteristic information of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted; S2, determining the drilling form according to the step parameters and the dominant joint distribution characteristic information; S3, determining the depth of the blastholes in the step of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted according to the step parameters and the drilling form; S4, determining the hole spacing and row spacing of the blastholes according to the depth of the blastholes and blasting auxiliary parameter information; S5, arranging blastholes in the step to be blasted according to the hole spacing and the row spacing, and drilling the blastholes according to the determined drilling form and blasthole depth.
[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the step parameters and the characteristic information of the dominant joint distribution of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted are obtained, so that the influence of the dominant joint distribution can be fully considered in the process of blasthole arrangement, and the energy leakage caused by the blasthole being located in the circumferential direction of the dominant joint surface can be reduced; the drilling form determined based on the step parameters and the characteristic information of the dominant joint distribution can make the extension direction of the blasthole match the step parameters and the characteristic information of the dominant joint distribution, further optimize the energy distribution, and reduce the energy loss in the blasting process; by calculating the depth of the blasthole, the blasthole can be made to penetrate into the rock mass, improve the blasting effect, and at the same time reduce the waste caused by the blasthole being too deep or the ineffective blasting caused by the blasthole being too shallow; determine the hole spacing and row spacing of the blasthole so that the blasthole spacing can be reasonably arranged, so that the blasting energy is evenly distributed, the large block rate is reduced, and the blasting efficiency and quality are improved; drill the blasthole according to the determined drilling form and blasthole depth, so that each blasthole can play a full role, thereby achieving the expected blasting effect. When arranging blastholes in the area of columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted, the influence of the dominant joint surface on the blasting effect should be fully considered. By setting the relative position relationship between the blastholes and the dominant joint surface, the blastholes can be arranged scientifically and reasonably to weaken the energy dissipation and energy absorption effect of the dominant joint surface on the explosive energy, improve the utilization rate of blasting energy, optimize the blasting effect, and reduce the rate of large blasting blocks.
[0008] Optionally, the step parameters in step S1 include a step height H and a step slope angle α.
[0009] Optionally, the dominant joint distribution characteristic information in step S1 includes the dominant joint dip angle β and the dominant joint tendency
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, accurate basic data can be provided for subsequent drilling forms and blasthole arrangements, thereby effectively reducing the problem of blasting energy leakage caused by blasthole arrangements in the circumference of dominant joint surfaces, improving blasting effects, and reducing the rate of large blasting blocks, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent mining, transportation, crushing and other work in the mine and reducing costs.
[0011] Optionally, the method for determining the drilling form in step S2 is: firstly, the drilling direction of the drilling rig is rotated from vertically downward to the slope direction of the step by a first angle α1; then, the drilling direction of the drilling rig is rotated to The direction is rotated by a second angle α2, where Direction is the dominant joint dip in the opposite direction.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the drilling direction of the drill rig is adjusted so that it not only takes into account the direction of the step slope, but also further takes into account the tendency of the dominant joints, thereby making the extension direction of the blasthole more reasonable, which helps to reduce blasting energy loss, improve blasting effect, reduce the rate of large blocks, and thus improve the overall efficiency and economic benefits of mining.
[0013] Optionally, α1=90°-α, so that the blast hole is parallel to the slope of the step.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the blasthole is parallel to the slope surface, which helps to make the blasthole evenly stressed during the blasting process, so that the rock mass is uniform after blasting, improves the blasting effect, and reduces the rate of large blocks.
[0015] Optionally, if the maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of the drilling rig during normal and safe operation is greater than or equal to β, then α2=β; if the maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of the drilling rig during normal and safe operation is less than β, then α2=α3.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and adjusting the angle between the drilling direction of the drilling rig and the dominant joint surface, the blasthole can be made parallel to the step slope and perpendicular to the dominant joint surface to the greatest extent, so that the blasthole can pass through as many dominant joint surfaces as possible, weakening the energy dissipation and energy absorption effect of the dominant joint surface on the energy of the explosive, effectively improving the energy utilization rate and reducing the rate of large blasting blocks.
[0017] Optionally, the calculation formula of the depth L of the blasthole in step S3 is: Wherein, h is the blasthole overdepth, and the blasthole overdepth is determined by the blasting auxiliary parameter information.
[0018] Optionally, the blasting auxiliary parameter information in step S4 includes explosive consumption q, blocking length L1, blasthole diameter d, explosive density ρ, charge density λ, and blasthole density coefficient m.
[0019] Optionally, the calculation formula of the blocking length L1 is:
[0020] Optionally, the calculation formulas for the hole spacing a and the row spacing b in step S4 are:
[0021] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: When arranging blastholes in the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted, the influence of the dominant joint surface on the blasting effect is fully considered; by adjusting the angle between the drilling direction and the dominant joint surface, and on the premise of ensuring the normal and safe operation of the drilling rig, the blastholes are made parallel to the step slope and perpendicular to the dominant joint surface, so that the blastholes can pass through the most dominant joint surfaces, weakening the energy dissipation and energy absorption effect of the dominant joint surface on the explosive energy, thereby effectively improving the energy utilization rate and reducing the rate of large blasting blocks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in a columnar jointed rock mass according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the blast hole form of an embodiment of the present application.
[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of blastholes for step blasting in a columnar jointed rock mass according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0025] Description of reference numerals: 1. Vertical downward drilling direction; 2. Drilling direction after rotating to the first angle; 3. Extension direction of blasthole; 4. Dominant joint surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 The present application is further described in detail. In this embodiment, if not clearly specified, "connected", "connected" and "fixed" are understood in a broad sense, including fixed connection, detachable connection, connection to form an integral structure, mechanical connection, electrical connection, direct connection, indirect connection through an intermediary, internal connection and interaction between two elements, etc., which can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0027] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, in the description of the present embodiment, the terms "above", "below", "left", "right", etc., the orientation or positional relationship are the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the orientation words used in the present application, such as "inside" and "outside", refer to the contours of the corresponding parts themselves.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application discloses a method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass (hereinafter referred to as "arrangement method"). The arrangement method can improve the utilization rate of blasting energy and reduce the rate of large blasting blocks on the basis of fully considering the characteristics of columnar jointed rock mass.
[0029] The arrangement method comprises the following steps: S1. Obtaining step parameters and dominant joint distribution characteristic information of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted; S2. Determine the drilling form through step parameters and dominant joint distribution characteristic information; S3. Determine the depth of the blasthole in the step of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted by using the step parameters and the drilling form; S4, determining the hole spacing and row spacing of the blastholes according to the depth of the blastholes and the blasting auxiliary parameter information; S5. Arrange blastholes in the step to be blasted by hole spacing and row spacing, and drill blastholes according to the determined drilling form and blasthole depth.
[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, optionally, the step parameters in step S1 include step height H and step slope angle α, and the step parameters can be obtained by detection. The dominant joint distribution characteristic information in step S1 includes dominant joint inclination β and dominant joint tendency Thus, the occurrence of the dominant joint surface 4 is obtained, and multiple dominant joint surfaces 4 constitute a dominant joint group. It can be obtained by line measurement method.
[0031] Taking an open-pit tuff mine as an example, the step height H of the mine is 12m, and the step slope angle α is 75°. The line survey method is used to obtain the joint inclination angle β of the dominant joint group of the step of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted in the mine, which is 70°. It is NE30°.
[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, optionally, the method for determining the drilling form in step S2 is: In the initial rotation, the drill is first rotated from the vertical downward drilling direction 1 toward the slope of the step by a first angle α1, thereby forming a drilling direction 2 after the first angle rotation; The secondary rotation makes the drilling direction of the drill rig move in the direction of the first rotation. The direction is rotated by a second angle α2 to form a blasthole extension direction 3.
[0033] Among them, α1 = 90°-α, making the blasthole parallel to the slope of the step; Direction is the dominant joint dip If the maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of the drilling rig during normal and safe operation is greater than or equal to β, then α2 = β, so that the blasthole is perpendicular to the dominant joint surface 4; if the maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of the drilling rig during normal and safe operation is less than β, then α2 = α3, so that the difference between the angle between the extension direction 3 of the blasthole and the dominant joint surface 4 and 90° is minimized on the premise of ensuring the normal and safe operation of the drilling rig, so as to optimize the blasting effect.
[0034] Taking the above-mentioned open-pit tuff mine as an example, the method for determining the drilling form in step S2 is: first, the drilling direction of the drill rig is rotated from vertically downward to the step slope direction by a first angle α1, α1 being 15°; then, the drilling direction of the drill rig is rotated to The direction is rotated by a second angle α2, The drill used in the mine is a JK590 crawler hydraulic down-the-hole drill, with a maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of 135°. α3 is greater than β, so the value of α2 is consistent with the joint inclination β of the dominant joint group, and α2 is 70°.
[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the calculation formula of the depth L of the blasthole in step S3 is: Among them, h is the blasthole overdepth, which is determined by the blasting designer based on the blasting auxiliary parameter information.
[0036] Taking the above-mentioned open-pit tuff mine as an example, the blasthole depth L in step S3 is calculated as follows: Optionally, the blasting auxiliary parameter information in step S4 includes explosive unit consumption q, blocking length L1, blasthole diameter d, explosive density ρ, charge density λ, and blasthole density coefficient m. Explosive unit consumption q, blocking length L1, blasthole diameter d, explosive density ρ, charge density λ, and blasthole density coefficient m are determined by blasting designers according to relevant industry standards.
[0037] Optionally, the calculation formula of the blocking length L1 is: Taking the above-mentioned open-pit tuff mine as an example, the explosive consumption q is 0.36kg / m 3 , the diameter of the blasthole d is 0.12m, and the density of the explosive ρ is 1100kg / m 3 , the blasthole density coefficient λ is 1.15, the charge density m is 0.7, the blocking length L1 ranges from 7m to 14m, and 14m is taken.
[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the calculation formula for the hole distance a between two adjacent blast holes in the same row of blast holes in step S4 is: The calculation formula for the row spacing b between the muzzles of two adjacent rows of blast holes is: Taking the above-mentioned open-pit tuff mine as an example, the calculation formulas for hole spacing a and row spacing b in step S4 are as follows: By determining the hole spacing a and row spacing b, blastholes are arranged in the step to be blasted, and the blasthole locations are marked. A drilling rig is used to drill the blastholes according to the designed drilling form and blasthole depth.
[0039] Taking the above-mentioned open-pit tuff mine as an example, blastholes are arranged in the steps to be blasted by determining the hole spacing of 7.4m and the row spacing of 6.4m, and the blasthole points are marked. The blastholes are drilled using a drilling rig according to the designed drilling form and blasthole depth of 37.8m. When arranging blastholes in the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted, the influence of the dominant joint surface 4 on the blasting effect is fully considered. By adjusting the angle between the drilling direction and the dominant joint surface 4, the blastholes are preferentially ensured to be parallel to the step slope and perpendicular to the dominant joint surface 4, so that the blastholes pass through the most dominant joint surface 4, weakening the energy dissipation and energy absorption effect of the dominant joint surface 4 on the explosive energy, thereby effectively improving the energy utilization rate and reducing the blasting block rate.
[0040] It can be understood that the line survey method, blasting auxiliary parameter information, implementation and determination process of blasthole overdepth, etc. used in the layout method are already existing technologies and can be implemented and determined according to the design and operation specifications of the relevant blasting field. In view of the existing relevant technologies, they will not be introduced in detail here. Blasting designers can implement this layout method in accordance with relevant specifications to reliably carry out blasting.
[0041] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Obtaining step parameters and dominant joint distribution characteristic information of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted; S2. Determine the drilling form according to the step parameters and the dominant joint distribution characteristic information; S3, determining the depth of the blasthole in the step of the columnar jointed rock mass to be blasted by using the step parameters and the drilling form; S4, determining the hole spacing and row spacing of the blastholes according to the depth of the blastholes and the blasting auxiliary parameter information; S5. Arrange blastholes in the step to be blasted by using the hole spacing and the row spacing, and drill blastholes according to the determined drilling form and blasthole depth.
2. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step parameters in step S1 include the step height H and the step slope angle α.
3. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dominant joint distribution characteristic information in step S1 includes the dominant joint inclination angle β and the dominant joint tendency 4. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The method for determining the drilling form in step S2 is: Firstly, the drilling direction of the drilling rig is rotated by a first angle α1 from vertically downward toward the slope of the step; Then, the drilling direction of the drilling rig is directed toward The direction is rotated by a second angle α2, where Direction is the dominant joint dip in the opposite direction.
5. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 4, characterized in that: α1=90°-α, making the blasthole parallel to the slope of the step.
6. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 4, characterized in that: If the maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of the drilling rig during normal and safe operation is greater than or equal to β, then α2=β; if the maximum allowable rotation angle α3 of the drilling rig during normal and safe operation is less than β, then α2=α3.
7. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the depth L of the blasthole in step S3 is: Wherein, h is the blasthole overdepth, and the blasthole overdepth is determined by the blasting auxiliary parameter information.
8. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blasting auxiliary parameter information in step S4 includes explosive consumption q, blocking length L1, blast hole diameter d, explosive density ρ, charge density λ, and blast hole density coefficient m.
9. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the blocking length L1 is:
10. The method for arranging blastholes for step blasting in columnar jointed rock mass according to claim 9, characterized in that: The calculation formulas for the hole spacing a and the row spacing b in step S4 are: