Point type inclinometer and inclinometry system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a point type inclinometer and an inclinometry system and method. An existing inclinometer is time-consuming in measurement, difficult in error control and poor in expandability. The point type inclinometer comprises a main body, a monitoring core is arranged in the main body, and the point type inclinometer is characterized in that pulleys are arranged on two sides of the main body, at least one side of the main body is a spring pulley, and the main body is mounted in a guide groove of an inclinometer pipe in a clinging manner through the pulleys on the two sides. The invention further discloses an inclinometry method, the inclinometry system composed of the point type inclinometers in series is used for measuring and calculating, the monitoring core obtains the inclination values of the inclinometers and sends data to a cloud end or local for processing, the displacement section of the inclinometry pipe is obtained according to the distance between the inclinometers, the displacement sections in different periods are compared, and the inclinometry accuracy is improved. And the accumulated displacement of the inclinometer hole is obtained. The system is small in size and flexible and convenient to use, has expansibility, reduces errors, and ensures the accuracy of data measurement and calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and in particular relates to a point inclinometer and an inclinometer system and method. Background Art

[0002] Inclinometer is an instrument used to measure the top angle and azimuth of engineering structures such as boreholes, foundation pits, foundations, walls and dam slopes. It is widely used in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, mining and metallurgy, transportation and urban construction geotechnical engineering, and plays an important role in ensuring the safety of geotechnical engineering design, construction and use.

[0003] Existing inclinometers are divided into two types: pull-type inclinometers and fixed inclinometers.

[0004] The pull-type inclinometer lifts the cable to raise and lower the movable probe in the inclinometer tube, and records the data at different positions to achieve the purpose of inclinometer measurement. Since the probe is movable, in order to reduce the zero drift and assembly error of the instrument, it is necessary to read the data once in the positive direction of the displacement and once in the reverse direction after the probe is turned 180 degrees, and take the average of the two data as the inclination measurement value. However, the inner wall of the inclinometer tube is often sticky with mud, which will cause measurement errors or hinder the movement of the probe. In addition, this process often requires manual operation through dozens of meters of cables. When the probe rotates and changes direction, it needs to be manually pulled out of the inclinometer tube, rotated 180 degrees, and then put into the inclinometer tube for measurement. The operation is cumbersome, and the human factor has a great influence on the measurement results. At present, there are also automated devices to simulate this process, but the transmission mechanism has large dimensions, and the equipment hinders the passage and construction of the construction site after installation. And both have the problem of time-consuming measurement and inability to achieve real-time monitoring.

[0005] The fixed inclinometer connects multiple detection modules with wires to form a detection array and lowers it into the inclinometer tube. The detection module commonly used in the fixed inclinometers on the market is a metal inclinometer rod about 1 meter long, and the connection structure is a rubber hose for transferring data and hanging the inclinometer rod. Since a single metal inclinometer rod weighs several kilograms, and the depth of the inclinometer tube in the project is often tens of meters, dozens of inclinometer rods need to be placed in the inclinometer tube at one time, which is very inconvenient to disassemble and assemble; at the same time, the internal environment of the inclinometer tube is complex, and there may be foreign matter such as mud adhering to the inner wall, and the inclinometer tube is too deformed, which makes it impossible to install or remove the inclinometer array; in addition, due to the length of the inclinometer rod, short-spacing high-precision measurement cannot be achieved; and the existing inclinometer detection unit has poor scalability, and it is difficult to quickly and conveniently remove or connect the module. The replacement inclinometer can only be increased by multiples of the standard detection module, which is difficult to meet the adjustment requirements of any length.

[0006] In summary, the inclinometers currently on the market have some engineering pain points: the pull-type inclinometer is time-consuming to measure and the error is difficult to control; the fixed inclinometer is bulky, difficult to disassemble and assemble, poor in scalability, and difficult to adjust the measurement interval. To this end, a point inclinometer is proposed to solve some of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention provides a point inclinometer, which can solve the problems that the existing pull-up inclinometer cannot measure in real time and the error is difficult to control, and the fixed inclinometer is difficult to disassemble and assemble and has poor expansion flexibility.

[0008] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a point inclinometer, including a main body, a monitoring core is arranged in the main body, and the main body is characterized in that pulleys are arranged on both sides of the main body, at least one side of which is a spring pulley, and the main body is tightly installed in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube through the pulleys on both sides. The present invention restricts the inclinometer to move up and down in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube, has a small size, can better fit the inner wall of the inclinometer tube, and more accurately senses the direction angle of the target measuring point, while solving the problems of the existing inclinometer's inclinometer rod being too long, too heavy, and difficult to disassemble and assemble.

[0009] Preferably, a data transmission module is disposed in the main body, and the data transmission module transmits data via a data cable or wirelessly.

[0010] Preferably, the main body is also provided with a load-bearing cable hanging interface, which can be a stainless steel hanging ring for cable connection, and the load-bearing connecting cable is a steel cable, and the spacing of the inclinometer modules can be changed by changing the length of the steel cable.

[0011] By adjusting the length of the steel cable, the spacing between the inclinometer modules can be adjusted, solving the problem that the spacing of existing fixed inclinometers is difficult to adjust flexibly. Each inclinometer has data cables at both ends, which can be connected end to end, solving the problem that the existing inclinometer detection unit has poor scalability and is difficult to quickly and conveniently remove or connect the modules. At the same time, the point inclinometer module is small and can be placed at the target location of the inclinometer tube for a long time. With the data acquisition and transmission device, real-time data monitoring can be achieved.

[0012] Preferably, a fixed pulley is arranged on one side of the main body, and a spring pulley is arranged on the other side.

[0013] Preferably, there are two fixed pulleys which are spaced apart from each other, and the spring pulley is arranged between the two fixed pulleys.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring core includes a circuit mainboard, a MEMS accelerometer chip, a metal waterproof shell and a quick-plug connector, and the quick-plug connector is arranged at the bottom of the main body. The monitoring core is in the shape of a long strip, with a circuit mainboard with a MEMS accelerometer chip arranged in the center, and a metal waterproof shell wrapped on the outside. The two ends (short sides) of the shell are equipped with waterproof quick-plug connectors, which can be connected to the adjacent inclinometer modules end to end to transmit data. The monitoring core is fixed on a metal base plate, and stainless steel rings are provided at both ends of the base plate for connecting steel cables to bear the weight.

[0015] The present invention also discloses an inclinometer system, which is composed of the above-mentioned multiple point inclinometers connected in series through load-bearing connecting cables to form inclinometer serial-parallel communication, and the inclinometer string is installed as a whole in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube, and data is transmitted to a data acquisition module in a wired or wireless manner.

[0016] The inclinometer modules are connected in series to form an inclinometer array through data cables. Adjacent inclinometer modules are connected with a certain length of steel cable. Waterproof caps are installed at the ends and counterweights are connected so that the inclinometer modules can be installed in the inclinometer tube at a certain distance. The head end of the inclinometer array is connected to the acquisition module for data collection, transmission or storage. The system can trigger an alarm based on a certain change ratio of the monitoring data or other standards.

[0017] The waterproof quick-plug connectors at both ends of the inclinometer core are composed of a certain length of data cable and connector. The two adjacent inclinometers rely on the waterproof quick-plug connectors to connect the ends to communicate. The length of the connected cable should ensure that the data cable is in a relaxed state when the steel cable is tight. When the length of the connecting cable is not enough, the extension cable is used to connect the ends of the adjacent inclinometer modules to achieve the purpose of data transmission. According to actual needs, the number of inclinometer modules in the inclinometer array can be adjusted.

[0018] Preferably, a fixing fixture is provided on the upper part of the inclinometer located at the top, the fixing fixture is installed at the upper end opening of the inclinometer tube, and a counterweight is provided on the lower part of the inclinometer located at the bottom.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses an inclinometer method, which uses the above-mentioned inclinometer system for measurement. The monitoring core obtains the inclination value of the inclinometer, sends the data to the cloud or local processing, obtains the displacement profile of the inclinometer tube according to the spacing between each inclinometer, and compares the displacement profiles in different periods to obtain the cumulative displacement of the inclinometer hole.

[0020] As a preferred method, the monitoring core is used to measure the acceleration of the three axes x, y, and z, and the data of gravity acceleration measured by the monitoring core in different axes are used to calculate the angle θ between the corresponding axis and the gravity direction. The inclination angle in the y-axis direction is The tilt angle in the z-axis direction is

[0021] By comparing the attitude values ​​of the inclinometer at different times, the relative displacement value Δ of the measuring point can be obtained.i =d i -d i ';

[0022] The distance between inclinometers is L, then the attitude value of the i-th inclinometer is d i =L×sinθ i ;

[0023] The coordinates of the corresponding i-th measurement module in the global coordinate system are the accumulated values ​​from the 1st measurement unit to the i-th measurement unit, that is, the accumulated attitude value

[0024] By comparing the coordinates of the inclinometer modules in the global coordinate system at different times, the cumulative displacement values ​​at different depths (i.e., the depth of the i-th inclinometer) in that period can be obtained:

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] 1. The present invention adopts a fixed inclinometer method, which solves the pain points of traditional pull-type inclinometers, such as time-consuming measurement and difficult error control. It can monitor the attitude data of the inclinometer hole in real time, and is not affected by foreign matter sticking to the inner wall of the inclinometer tube, thereby improving the reliability of the data.

[0027] 2. Compared with the existing fixed inclinometer, the present invention greatly reduces the volume and weight of the inclinometer module, can provide higher sensing accuracy, and solves the problems of the existing inclinometer's inclinometer rod being too long, too heavy, and difficult to disassemble and assemble.

[0028] 3. The present invention adjusts the spacing between inclinometer modules by adjusting the length of the steel cable, thereby solving the problem that the spacing between existing fixed inclinometers is difficult to flexibly adjust, meeting the detection requirements of different rock and soil depths, and meeting the detection requirements of different spacings in different sites.

[0029] 4. The present invention adopts a modular design, and both ends of the inclinometer are provided with quick-insert waterproof connectors, which can be connected end to end to each other, so as to realize the quick and convenient addition and removal of inclinometer modules, thereby solving the problem that the existing inclinometer detection unit has poor scalability and is difficult to quickly and conveniently remove or connect modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is the point inclinometer in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of connecting point inclinometers in series.

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of connecting adjacent point inclinometers into a string of steel cables.

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the inclinometer string assembly.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inclinometer string installed inside the inclinometer tube.

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the coordinate system of the MEMS accelerometer and inclinometer.

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the inclinometer and coordinate system.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a forward schematic diagram of the inclinometer.

[0038] Fig. 9 This is a reverse schematic diagram of the inclinometer.

[0039] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the attitude of a single inclinometer.

[0040] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the relative displacement of a single inclinometer at the same position at different times.

[0041] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the accumulated attitude of the inclinometer string.

[0042] In the figure: 1, fixed pulley 2, monitoring core 3, data cable 4, load-bearing lifting ring 5, bottom plate 6, main body 7, spring pulley 8, fixed clamp 9, load-bearing connecting cable 10, counterweight 11, data acquisition module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0044] like Figure 1 The inclinometer shown includes a main body 6, a bottom plate is arranged at the lower part of the main body, a monitoring core is arranged in the main body 6, a fixed pulley 1 is arranged on one side of the main body, and a spring pulley 7 is arranged on the other side. The main body is tightly installed in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube through the pulleys 1 on both sides.

[0045] The inclinometer is restricted to move up and down in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube. It has a small size and can better fit the inner wall of the inclinometer tube, so as to more accurately sense the direction angle of the target measuring point. At the same time, it solves the problems of the existing inclinometer's inclinometer rod being too long, too heavy, and difficult to disassemble and assemble.

[0046] Inclinometer casing provides access to underground measurements, and guide slots inside the casing control the direction of the inclinometer. Inclinometer casing is installed in a vertical borehole that passes through an area where displacement movement may occur underground. A set of guide slots needs to be aligned in the expected direction of displacement. For example, down the slope or toward the excavation. The inclinometer is fixed in the inclinometer casing and spans the area of ​​displacement activity. When the ground moves, the inclinometer casing moves, causing the inclinometer installed in the casing to tilt.

[0047] In one embodiment, a data cable 3 and a load-bearing connection cable 9 are also provided on the main body 6. The load-bearing connection cable is a steel cable, which is used to connect the stainless steel rings of two adjacent inclinometer modules. The distance between the inclinometer modules can be changed by changing the length of the steel cable. Data transmission between different inclinometers can also be completed through wireless communication.

[0048] In one embodiment, there are two fixed pulleys 1 and they are spaced apart from each other, and the spring pulley 7 is arranged on the other side, and its height is located between the two fixed pulleys. This positioning support is in a triangular layout and is very stable and reliable.

[0049] Specifically, the monitoring core 2 includes a circuit mainboard, a MEMS accelerometer chip, a metal waterproof shell and a quick-connect connector, and the quick-connect connector is arranged at the bottom of the main body 6.

[0050] Specifically, a fixing fixture 8 is further provided on the upper part of the main body 6, and a counterweight 10 is provided on the lower part. The fixing fixture may be a support rod connected to the load-bearing hoist ring 4, and the support rod is horizontally positioned on the inclinometer tube to form a stable and reliable support. The counterweight is provided to straighten the inclinometer serially connected steel cable installed in the inclinometer tube, thereby ensuring the measurement interval required by the design and facilitating installation.

[0051] like Figure 2-Figure 4 The figure shows an inclinometer system. Multiple point inclinometers are connected in series through load-bearing connecting cables to form an inclinometer string and parallel-series communication. The inclinometer string is installed as a whole in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube (such as Figure 5 ), and transmit the data to the data acquisition module by wired or wireless means.

[0052] like Figure 6-Figure 12 As shown, the installation steps of the inclinometer system are as follows:

[0053] 1. Inclinometer tube burial. According to the needs of foundation pit monitoring, determine the inclinometer points, inclinometer depth and measurement interval, drill inclinometer holes in advance, and bury inclinometer tubes. Inclinometer tubes provide an entrance for underground measurement. The guide groove inside the inclinometer tube controls the direction of the sensor. The inclinometer tube is installed in a vertical borehole that passes through an area where displacement movement may occur underground. A set of guide grooves must be aligned in the expected displacement direction. For example, down the slope or toward the excavated cave. The inclinometer system is fixed in the inclinometer tube and spans the displacement activity area. When the stratum moves, the inclinometer tube moves, causing the inclinometer system installed in the tube to tilt.

[0054] 2. Assemble the inclinometer and accessories. Prepare the corresponding number of inclinometers and cables of corresponding lengths according to the inclinometer depth and measurement interval in step 1. Confirm the direction of each inclinometer (the inclinometer housing is marked with an arrow, the arrow points to the direction of gravity, that is, the tail, and the opposite is the head), and connect the data cables of adjacent inclinometers head to tail in sequence to form an inclinometer string, and perform corresponding waterproofing treatment on each joint. Use steel cables to connect the base plates of adjacent inclinometers, and connect the fixing clamps at the top of the inclinometer string to suspend the inclinometer string to the inclinometer tube mouth; connect the counterweight block at the end of the inclinometer string to make the inclinometer string steel cable installed in the inclinometer tube straight, to ensure the measurement interval required by the design, and to facilitate installation.

[0055] 3. Install the inclinometer string. Place the assembled inclinometer string into the inclinometer tube in the same direction (spring wheels are in the same direction) along the guide groove of the expected displacement direction of the inclinometer tube. Fix the fixing parts at the inclinometer tube mouth. Use a data cable to connect the inclinometer string to the data acquisition module for data communication.

[0056] 4. Data collection and processing: The collection module obtains the original value of the inclinometer, sends the data to the cloud or local processing, obtains the displacement curve of the inclinometer tube according to the module spacing, compares the displacement upper line in different periods, and obtains the cumulative displacement of the inclinometer hole. The system can trigger an alarm based on a certain change ratio of the monitoring data or other standards.

[0057] The inclination measurement method principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0058] Each inclinometer is equipped with a MEMS micro-electromechanical system, which can measure the data of gravity acceleration in different axes (a x , a y , a z like Figure 6 and Figure 7 ) to calculate the angle θ between the corresponding axis and the direction of gravity. The inclination angle in the y-axis direction is The tilt angle in the z-axis direction is Since the mounting y-axis is aligned in the expected displacement direction (e.g. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , when the inclinometer is tilted positively 0 x <1,0 y <1; when the inclinometer tilts in the opposite direction 0 x <1, -1 y <0), then only the angle in that direction needs to be calculated:

[0059]

[0060] The inclinometer spacing is L, then the attitude value of the i-th measurement unit is (such as Fig.10 ):

[0061] d i ​​​​=L×sinθ i

[0062] By comparing the attitude values ​​of the inclinometers at different times, the relative displacement values ​​at different depths (i.e., the depth of the i-th inclinometer) can be obtained (e.g. Fig.11 ):

[0063] Δ i =d i -d i '

[0064] Then the coordinates of the corresponding i-th inclinometer in the global coordinate system are the accumulated values ​​from the first measurement unit to the i-th measurement unit, that is, the accumulated attitude value (such as Fig.12 ):

[0065]

[0066] By comparing the coordinates of the inclinometers in the global coordinate system at different times, the cumulative displacement values ​​at different depths (i.e., the depth where the i-th inclinometer is located) in that period can be obtained:

[0067]

[0068] When the displacement in the z-axis direction needs to be considered, the attitude values ​​in the y- and z-axis directions can also be combined to measure the coordinates and displacements of any module in the inclinometer system and in the three-dimensional coordinate system.

Claims

1. A point inclinometer, comprising a main body (6), a monitoring core is arranged in the main body (6), characterized in that Pulleys (1) are arranged on both sides of the main body, at least one of which is a spring pulley (7), and the main body is tightly installed in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube through the pulleys (1) on both sides.

2. A point inclinometer according to claim 1, characterized in that A data transmission module is arranged in the main body (6), and the data transmission module transmits data via a data cable or wirelessly.

3. A point inclinometer according to claim 2, characterized in that A load-bearing cable hanging interface is also arranged on the main body.

4. A point inclinometer according to claim 1, characterized in that A fixed pulley (1) is arranged on one side of the main body, and a spring pulley (7) is arranged on the other side.

5. A point inclinometer according to claim 4, characterized in that There are two fixed pulleys (1) arranged at intervals up and down, and the spring pulley (7) is arranged between the two fixed pulleys.

6. A point inclinometer according to claim 1, characterized in that The monitoring core (2) comprises a circuit mainboard, a MEMS accelerometer chip, a metal waterproof housing and a quick-connect connector, and the quick-connect connector is arranged at the bottom of the main body (6).

7. An inclinometer system, characterized in that A plurality of point inclinometers as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 are connected in series through load-bearing connecting cables to form inclinometer serial-parallel communication, the inclinometer string is installed as a whole in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube, and data is transmitted to the data acquisition module in a wired or wireless manner.

8. An inclinometer system according to claim 7, characterized in that A fixing clamp (8) is arranged on the upper part of the inclinometer located at the top, and the fixing clamp is installed at the upper end opening of the inclinometer tube. A counterweight (10) is arranged on the lower part of the inclinometer located at the bottom.

9. A method for measuring inclination, characterized in that The inclinometer system described in any one of claims 7 to 8 is used for measurement. The monitoring core obtains the inclination value of the inclinometer, sends the data to the cloud or processes it locally, obtains the displacement profile of the inclinometer tube according to the spacing between the inclinometers, and compares the displacement profiles at different periods to obtain the cumulative displacement of the inclinometer hole.

10. A method for measuring inclination according to claim 9, characterized in that The monitoring core measures the acceleration of three axes x, y, and z. The data of gravity acceleration measured by the monitoring core in different axes are used to calculate the angle θ between the corresponding axis and the direction of gravity. The inclination angle in the y-axis direction is The tilt angle in the z-axis direction is The distance between inclinometers is L, then the attitude value of the i-th inclinometer is d i =L×sinθ i ; By comparing the attitude values ​​of the inclinometer at different times, the relative displacement value Δ of the measuring point can be obtained. i =d i -d i '; The coordinates of the corresponding i-th measurement module in the global coordinate system are the accumulated values ​​from the 1st measurement unit to the i-th measurement unit, that is, the accumulated attitude value By comparing the coordinates of the inclinometer modules in the global coordinate system at different times, the cumulative displacement values ​​at different depths in that period (i.e., the depth at which the inclinometer module of the i-th measurement module is located) can be obtained:

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