Method and device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dry crops

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dry crops. The method for measuring the actual growth indexes of the dry crops in situ comprises the following steps that a pair of irrigation equipment is buried in soil, and a water supply device of one irrigation equipment is buried in a rhizosphere area of a dry crop plant; a water supply device of the other irrigation device is buried in a non-rhizosphere area close to the rhizosphere area of the dry crop plant, and the pair of irrigation devices is connected with a soil tensiometer for measuring soil tension; a negative pressure irrigation technology is utilized, water is supplied to irrigation equipment sharing one set of water supply equipment, and the water supply equipment is a water storage tank with an air inlet pipe; and obtaining the negative pressure difference of the two soil tensiometers, converting the negative pressure difference into the water quantity difference, and taking the water quantity difference as the actual water demand of the dry crop plant in the soil in the same time period. According to the method, the actual water demand of the dry crops in the whole growth period can be obtained under the condition that plant roots are not damaged, and an accurate measurement result can be obtained on the premise that the plants are not damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant growth index determination, and specifically to a method and device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops. Background Art

[0002] Determining the actual water requirement, root water potential and root growth of dryland crops is an important technology in agricultural production. It is helpful to understand the development of different crops in different growth cycles and their demand for water and nutrients. This technology helps to carry out scientific agricultural production and achieve agricultural water conservation.

[0003] In the prior art, the water quota for dryland crops is determined by statistically calculating the irrigation water consumption of dryland crops during their entire growth period. The results are affected by multiple factors such as rainfall and temperature, and it is difficult to clearly indicate the actual water demand of dryland crops. The existing method of measuring the actual water demand of dryland crops is usually achieved by measuring the water potential of dryland crops. However, the existing measurement of water potential of dryland crops is divided into at least leaf water potential, stem water potential and root water potential measurement. These instruments for measuring water potential of dryland crops require the destruction of dryland crop plants, or clamping of a certain part of dryland crop plants. At least for the measurement of root water potential, the dryland crop plants must be destroyed. The growth of damaged plants will be affected, and their development and water demand will be greatly different from those of healthy plants, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a method and device for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops, which solves the problem that statistical measurement of irrigation water consumption during the entire growth period of dryland crops requires destruction of dryland crop plants, resulting in inaccurate measurement results.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A pair of irrigation devices are buried in the soil respectively, wherein a water supply device of one irrigation device is buried in the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant; a water supply device of the other irrigation device is buried in the non-rhizosphere area adjacent to the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant, and both of the pair of irrigation devices are connected to a soil tensiometer for measuring soil tension;

[0007] Using negative pressure irrigation technology, water is supplied to the irrigation equipment that shares a set of water supply equipment, wherein the water supply equipment is a water storage tank with an air inlet pipe;

[0008] The negative pressure difference between the two soil tensiometers is obtained, and the water volume difference is converted according to the negative pressure difference, and the water volume difference is used as the actual water requirement of the dry crop plants in the soil in the same period of time.

[0009] Preferably, the above method may further include:

[0010] The irrigation equipment and the soil tensiometer are buried in pairs in the rhizosphere of dryland crop plants and in the non-rhizosphere adjacent to the rhizosphere according to the same but different depths of burial;

[0011] The timing starts when the dry crop plant starts to grow, and the time and depth are recorded when the soil tensiometer changes. The depth is divided by the difference between the time when the change occurs and the time when the growth starts, to obtain the root growth rate of the dry crop plant.

[0012] Preferably, the above method may further include:

[0013] Using a plant water potential meter to measure the stem water potential and leaf water potential of the dry crop plants;

[0014] Obtaining the water potential of dryland crop plants according to the negative pressure difference;

[0015] The root water potential of the upland crop plant is obtained by subtracting the stem water potential and the leaf water potential from the water potential of the upland crop plant.

[0016] Preferably, the above method may further include:

[0017] The actual water requirement of the dry crop plant during the whole growth period is subtracted from the water content of the dry crop plant after the end of the whole growth period to obtain the transpiration water of the dry crop plant during the whole growth period;

[0018] The amount of soil evaporation is obtained by subtracting the amount of soil water in the non-rhizosphere zone from the amount of water in the soil moist range after the full growth period of the dry crop plants.

[0019] The soil evaporation water amount and the transpiration water amount are used as operation factors to perform addition operation to obtain the water dissipation amount for irrigating dryland crops;

[0020] The actual water requirement and the water dissipation for irrigating dryland crops are used as operation factors for addition operation to obtain the water requirement for irrigating dryland crops (ET);

[0021] The water requirement for irrigation of dry crops (ET) is compared with the reference water requirement (ET 0 ) is divided to obtain the crop coefficient (Kc).

[0022] Preferably, the actual water requirement of the dryland crop plant during the whole growth period minus the water content of the dryland crop plant after the end of the whole growth period to obtain the transpiration water of the dryland crop plant during the whole growth period includes:

[0023] The measurement is stopped during each growth period of the dry crop plants, and the actual water requirement and the water content of the dry crop plants are used as operation factors to perform a subtraction operation to obtain the transpiration of the dry crop plants in each growth period.

[0024] The present invention also provides a device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops, the device comprising a pair of irrigation devices, the pair of irrigation devices sharing a water supply device, the water supply device being a water storage tank with an air inlet pipe;

[0025] a meter connected to the pair of irrigation devices, the meter being used to measure soil tension;

[0026] The water supply equipment comprises a water tank, a support platform is provided at the bottom of the water tank, the water tank comprises a box body and a sealing cover, the sealing cover is located above the box body, a water inlet is provided at the top of the box body, a vent pipe is fixedly plugged at the top of the box body, a water outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the box body, and the water outlet pipe is communicated with the box body;

[0027] The watering device comprises a watering unit, and the watering unit is located outside the water tank.

[0028] Preferably, the irrigation unit includes a tee and a horizontal diversion pipe, the horizontal diversion pipe is inserted on the inner side of the tee, the outer side of the horizontal diversion pipe is fixedly connected to a vertical diversion pipe, the outer sides of the horizontal diversion pipe and the vertical diversion pipe are both connected to irrigation equipment, there are two groups of the irrigation equipment horizontally distributed on the outer side of the horizontal diversion pipe, and there are two groups of the irrigation equipment vertically distributed on the outer side of the vertical diversion pipe; the support platform includes a support plate and a sleeve rod, the sleeve rod is located at the bottom of the support plate, and the sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the support plate, a clamping groove is opened on the top of the support plate, and a circular arc groove is opened inside the sleeve rod; the support platform also includes an adjusting ring, a clamping ring is fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting ring, the clamping ring is clamped on the inner side of the circular arc groove, and an adjusting screw is inserted on the inner side of the adjusting ring.

[0029] Preferably, the sealing cover is sleeved on the outside of the water injection port, and the sealing cover is threadedly connected to the water injection port. Corresponding sealing grooves are provided on the inner side of the sealing cover and the top of the water injection port. A sealing ring is clamped in the sealing groove, and the sealing ring is fixedly connected to the water injection port.

[0030] Preferably, the ventilation pipe passes through the top of the box and extends toward the inside of the box, and one end of the ventilation pipe inserted into the box is close to the bottom of the box.

[0031] Preferably, the adjusting screw passes through the adjusting ring and is inserted into the inner side of the sleeve rod, the adjusting ring is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw, a universal joint is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the adjusting screw, and a support foot is sleeved on the outer side of the universal joint;

[0032] The irrigation equipment includes a soil tensiometer and a clay head, wherein the clay head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the soil tensiometer;

[0033] A soil tension pressure gauge is arranged on the top of the soil tensiometer, and a water pipe is connected to the top of the clay head. The water pipe runs through the top of the soil tensiometer and is connected with a horizontal shunt pipe and a vertical shunt pipe.

[0034] The technical solution disclosed in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] By setting up a pair of irrigation devices, one pair of irrigation devices is connected to a soil tensiometer, one of which is located in the rhizosphere zone of the dryland crop, and the other is located in the non-rhizosphere zone adjacent to the rhizosphere zone, the difference in water consumption of the pair of irrigation devices can be obtained, thereby determining the water consumption of the dryland crop during the entire growth period, and the actual water requirement of the dryland crop during the entire growth period can be obtained without damaging the root system of the plant, and accurate measurement results can be obtained without damaging the plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops in another embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops in another embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops in yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for in-situ measuring actual growth indicators of dryland crops in one embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops in another embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water tank in one embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a water tank in one embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig. 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of a support platform in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the partial bottom of the support platform in one embodiment of the present application.

[0046] In the figure: 1. water tank; 11. box body; 111. water inlet; 112. vent pipe; 113. water outlet pipe; 12. sealing cover; 13. sealing ring; 2. supporting platform; 21. support plate; 211. slot; 22. sleeve rod; 221. arc slot; 23. adjusting ring; 231. snap ring; 24. adjusting screw; 241. universal joint; 25. support foot; 3. irrigation unit; 31. tee pipe; 32. horizontal diversion pipe; 33. vertical diversion pipe; 34. irrigation equipment; 341. soil tensiometer; 342. clay head; 343. soil tension pressure gauge; 344. water pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] The embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops, thereby solving the problem of statistical measurement of irrigation water consumption of dryland crops during the entire growth period, where the result is affected by multiple factors such as rainfall and temperature, resulting in difficulty in measurement and difficulty in clearly indicating the actual water requirement of dryland crops; the measurement of root water potential requires destruction of dryland crop plants, which will affect the growth of the damaged plants, and their development and water requirement will differ greatly from those of healthy plants, resulting in inaccurate measurement results, thereby achieving accurate measurement results without harming the plants.

[0049] The present application embodiment discloses a method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops. Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, the method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step S10, burying a pair of irrigation devices in the soil respectively, wherein the water supply device of one irrigation device is buried in the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant; the water supply device of the other irrigation device is buried in the non-rhizosphere adjacent to the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant, and the pair of irrigation devices are both connected to a soil tensiometer for measuring soil tension;

[0051] Step S20, using negative pressure irrigation technology to supply water to the irrigation equipment that shares a set of water supply equipment, wherein the water supply equipment is a water tank with an air inlet pipe; negative pressure irrigation is a drip irrigation technology that buries porous pipes underground and performs active irrigation based on the negative pressure difference between the water in the pipes and the surrounding soil.

[0052] Step S30, obtaining the negative pressure difference of the two soil tensiometers, converting the water volume difference according to the negative pressure difference, and using the water volume difference as the actual water requirement of the dry crop plants in the same soil period. Specifically, the method for converting the negative pressure difference into the water volume difference can be: a transparent water gauge can be installed on the water tank of the irrigation equipment, and the water level change of the water gauge (i.e., the irrigation water volume) and the irrigation time and the negative pressure value of the soil tensiometer are recorded to obtain the functional relationship between the irrigation water volume and the negative pressure value of the soil tensiometer and the irrigation time. After clarifying the relationship between them, the irrigation water volume difference can be converted by the negative pressure difference of the soil tensiometers in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present application, the water supply devices of the two irrigation devices can be arranged horizontally with the root zone of the dry crop plants. Assuming that the water consumption of one irrigation device is P1 and the water consumption of the other irrigation device is P2, after a certain period of time, the water consumption depth difference of the two irrigation devices is P1-P2, and the water consumption depth difference is the actual water requirement of the dry crop plants in the same time period in this soil. The water consumption of the two irrigation devices can be monitored for a long time according to the full growth period of the dry crop plants, so as to obtain the actual water requirement of the dry crop plants in the full growth period. The present application can obtain the actual water requirement of the dry crop plants in the full growth period without damaging the root system of the plant, and can obtain accurate measurement results without damaging the plant.

[0054] In addition to the actual water requirement, this application can also measure the root growth rate of dry crops, referring to Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the above method may further include:

[0055] Step S40, burying the irrigation equipment and the soil tensiometer in pairs in the rhizosphere of the dry crop plants and the non-rhizosphere adjacent to the rhizosphere in a manner of equal depth but different depths;

[0056] Step S50, start timing when the dry crop plant starts to grow, record the time and depth when the soil tensiometer changes, divide the depth by the difference between the time when the change occurs and the time when the growth starts, and obtain the root growth rate of the dry crop plant.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present application, when executing step S40, for example, the irrigation equipment can be arranged in groups, and an irrigation equipment and a soil tensiometer of a preset depth are buried in the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant, and the irrigation equipment and the soil tensiometer are buried at different depths in the non-rhizosphere of the dry crop plant. Then, the depth of the root system when the plant starts to grow, when the soil tensiometer changes, and is recorded, and then the depth is divided by the difference between the change and the start of growth to obtain the root growth rate of the dry crop plant. The present application can obtain the root growth rate of dry crops without damaging the root system of the plant, and can obtain accurate measurement results without damaging the plant.

[0058] Reference Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment of the present application, based on the above embodiment, the above method may further include:

[0059] Step S60, measuring the stem water potential and leaf water potential of the dry crop plants using a plant water potential meter;

[0060] Step S70, obtaining the water potential of the dry crop plants according to the negative pressure difference;

[0061] Step S80, subtracting the stem water potential and the leaf water potential from the water potential of the dryland crop plant to obtain the root water potential of the dryland crop plant.

[0062] Plant water potential meters are relatively common in the market and are analytical instruments for purposes such as determining the water status and composition of plants. In the embodiment of the present application, the stem water potential and leaf water potential of the dry crop plants can be measured by the plant water potential meter, and then the negative pressure difference obtained in step S20 is converted into a water volume difference, and the water potential of the dry crop plants is obtained according to the water volume difference. Due to the use of negative pressure irrigation, in the negative pressure irrigation system, when the soil water potential is lower than the water potential in the sprinkler, under the action of the negative pressure difference, water flows from the irrigation equipment to the soil and is then absorbed by the plant root system. When the soil moisture content is low, the soil water potential may be lower. At this time, in order to absorb water, the plant root system will generate greater suction, that is, a lower water potential, thereby forming a larger negative pressure difference. By monitoring the pressure difference change between the sprinkler and the soil, the power of the dry crop plant root system to absorb water and the water potential status of the plant can be understood. Then, the water potential of the dry crop plant is subtracted from the stem water potential and the leaf water potential to obtain the root water potential of the dry crop plant. The present application can obtain the root water potential of dryland crop plants without damaging the root system of the plants, and can obtain accurate measurement results without damaging the plants.

[0063] Reference Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment, the above method of the present application may also include:

[0064] Step S100, subtracting the water content of the dry crop plant after the full growth period from the actual water demand of the dry crop plant during the full growth period to obtain the transpiration water of the dry crop plant during the full growth period;

[0065] Step S110, subtracting the water content in the soil moistening range after the full growth period of the dry crop plants from the soil water content in the non-rhizosphere zone to obtain the soil evaporation water content;

[0066] Step S120, performing an addition operation using the soil evaporation water amount and the transpiration water amount as operation factors to obtain the water dissipation amount for irrigating dryland crops;

[0067] Step S130, performing an addition operation using the actual water demand and the water dissipation for irrigating dryland crops as operation factors to obtain the water demand for irrigation of dryland crops (ET);

[0068] Step S140: compare the water requirement (ET) for irrigation of dry crops with the reference water requirement (ET 0 ) is divided to obtain the crop coefficient (Kc).

[0069] In the embodiments of the present application, each step can be obtained by manual monitoring and calculation, or by setting a monitoring device and a control program, and automatically monitoring and calculating by computer hardware and software. In a preferred embodiment, the actual water requirement of the dry crop plant during the entire growth period, the soil water consumption in the non-rhizosphere zone, and the water content in the soil moist range after the end of the entire growth period of the dry crop plant are automatically monitored and calculated by computer hardware and software. Considering that different types of soil have different physical properties such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity, these properties will affect the movement and distribution of water in the soil, and thus affect the formation and transmission of negative pressure difference. For example, sand has large porosity and high hydraulic conductivity, but poor water retention; clay has small porosity and low hydraulic conductivity, but strong water retention. Therefore, when the same irrigation equipment is used in different soil types, different negative pressure difference effects may be produced, and corresponding adjustments and optimizations need to be made according to the soil characteristics. In the embodiment of the present application, a continuous functional relationship between the irrigation water volume of different soils and the negative pressure value of the soil tensiometer and the irrigation time under different evaporation conditions can be constructed in a computer, and characteristic soil (such as red soil, brown soil, etc.) can be selected as a reference soil to clarify the continuous functional relationship between its irrigation water volume and the negative pressure value of the soil tensiometer and the irrigation time under different evaporation conditions. For other soils, the continuous functional relationship between the irrigation water volume and the negative pressure value of the soil tensiometer and the irrigation time under different evaporation conditions can be corrected by adjusting the coefficient (actual measurement or experience) and determining the coefficient with the characteristic soil (such as red soil, brown soil, etc.).

[0070] The present application can obtain the crop coefficient (Kc) through the above method. The crop coefficient (Kc) is a key indicator for calculating the water requirement of dryland crop plants using the single dryland crop plant coefficient method, and can be used for dryland crop planting to scientifically control the life cycle of dryland crops.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment of the present application, the aforementioned step S100 may further include:

[0072] The measurement is stopped during each growth period of the dry crop plant, and the actual water requirement and the water content of the dry crop plant are used as operation factors for subtraction operation to obtain the transpiration of the dry crop plant in each growth period. The present application can obtain the water requirement of the dry crop plant in each life cycle through the above method, and can further scientifically control the life cycle of the dry crop.

[0073] In order to implement the above method, the present application also provides a measuring device for in-situ measuring the actual growth index of dryland crops, referring to Figures 5 to 10As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the measuring device includes a pair of watering devices 34, a water supply device (not shown) and a meter 341. The pair of watering devices 34 share a water supply device, which is a water storage tank with an air inlet pipe. The meter 341 is connected to the pair of watering devices 34, and the meter 341 is used to measure soil tension. The water supply device includes a water tank 1, a support platform 2 is provided at the bottom of the water tank 1, the support platform 2 is located below the water tank 1, and the watering unit 3 is located outside the water tank 1; the water tank 1 includes a box body 11 and a sealing cover 12, the sealing cover 12 is located above the box body 11, a water injection port 111 is provided at the top of the box body 11, a vent pipe 112 is fixedly plugged at the top of the box body 11, and a water outlet pipe 113 is fixedly connected to the outside of the box body 11, and the water outlet pipe 113 is connected to the inside of the box body 11.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the irrigation unit 3 includes a tee pipe 31 and a horizontal diversion pipe 32; the horizontal diversion pipe 32 is inserted into the inner side of the tee pipe 31, and the outer side of the horizontal diversion pipe 32 is fixedly connected with a vertical diversion pipe 33, and the outer sides of the horizontal diversion pipe 32 and the vertical diversion pipe 33 are both connected with irrigation equipment 34, and the irrigation equipment 34 has two groups horizontally distributed on the outer side of the horizontal diversion pipe 32, and the irrigation equipment 34 has two groups vertically distributed on the outer side of the vertical diversion pipe 33.

[0075] By setting up a watering device 34, the watering device 34 is provided with a soil tensiometer 341, a water-permeable and air-tight clay head 342 and a soil tension pressure gauge 343;

[0076] See attached Figures 5 to 10 As shown, by setting two groups of irrigation equipment 34 to be horizontally distributed with the root system of dry crops, one group is located in the rhizosphere zone of the dry crops, and the other group is located in the non-rhizosphere zone adjacent to the rhizosphere zone, and the difference in water consumption of the pair of irrigation equipment during the entire growth period of the dry crops is measured, the actual water requirement of the dry crops during the entire growth period can be obtained without damaging the root system of the plants, and accurate measurement results can be obtained without damaging the plants; by setting two groups of irrigation equipment 34 to be vertically distributed with the root system of dry crops, one group is located in the rhizosphere zone of the dry crops, and the other group is located in the non-rhizosphere zone adjacent to the rhizosphere zone, when there is a difference in water consumption between the two groups of irrigation equipment 34, the corresponding depth is the depth of root growth of the crop plants, and then divided by the corresponding cultivation time, the growth rate of the dry crop plants can be obtained, and accurate measurement results can be obtained without damaging the plants.

[0077] Furthermore, the sealing cover 12 is sleeved on the outside of the water injection port 111, and the sealing cover 12 is threadedly connected to the water injection port 111. Corresponding sealing grooves are provided on the inner side of the sealing cover 12 and the top of the water injection port 111. A sealing ring 13 is clamped in the sealing groove, and the sealing ring 13 is fixedly connected to the water injection port 111.

[0078] Furthermore, the ventilation pipe 112 passes through the top of the box body 11 and extends toward the inside of the box body 11 , and one end of the ventilation pipe 112 plugged into the box body is close to the bottom of the box body 11 .

[0079] Specifically disclosed, the support platform 2 includes a support plate 21 and a sleeve rod 22 . The sleeve rod 22 is located at the bottom of the support plate 21 and is fixedly connected to the support plate 21 . A slot 211 is provided at the top of the support plate 21 , and an arc slot 221 is provided inside the sleeve rod 22 .

[0080] It is particularly disclosed that the support platform 2 also includes an adjustment ring 23 , a clamping ring 231 is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment ring 23 , the clamping ring 231 is clamped on the inner side of the arc groove 221 , and an adjustment screw 24 is inserted into the inner side of the adjustment ring 23 .

[0081] It should be particularly emphasized that the adjusting screw 24 passes through the adjusting ring 23 and is inserted into the inner side of the sleeve rod 22 . The adjusting ring 23 is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw 24 . A universal joint 241 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the adjusting screw 24 , and a support foot 25 is sleeved on the outer side of the universal joint 241 .

[0082] It should be particularly emphasized that the irrigation equipment 34 includes a soil tensiometer 341 and a clay head 342. The clay head 342 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the soil tensiometer 341. A soil tension pressure gauge 343 is provided on the top of the soil tensiometer 341. A water pipe 344 is connected to the top of the clay head 342. The water pipe 344 passes through the top of the soil tensiometer 341 and is connected to the horizontal diversion pipe 32 and the vertical diversion pipe 33.

[0083] It is particularly important to emphasize that the irrigation equipment described in step one is the irrigation equipment 34, the water pipe is the water delivery pipe 344, the meter for measuring soil tension is the soil tension meter 341, the air inlet pipe is the ventilation pipe 112, and the water supply equipment is the water tank 1.

[0084] The specific measurement working principle is as follows:

[0085] First, place the support platform 2 at the designated position, and adjust the adjusting screw 24 by rotating the adjusting ring 23 to keep the support plate 21 in a horizontal state;

[0086] Then, place the water tank 1 in the slot 211 provided on the support plate 21 to ensure the stability of the water tank 1, and then connect the water filling unit 3 and the water tank 1 by sleeve-fitting the tee pipe 31 on the outside of the water outlet pipe 113 and maintaining a sealed connection;

[0087] Finally, according to the method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops provided in this article, the irrigation equipment 34 is placed at the designated location, and after confirming that the experimental conditions are complete, the water tank is filled with water for measurement.

[0088] By setting up irrigation equipment 34, and setting up soil tension meter 341, soil tension pressure gauge 343 and water-permeable and air-impermeable clay head 342 on the irrigation equipment 34, and by setting up two groups of irrigation equipment to be horizontally distributed with the root system of dry crops, one group is located in the rhizosphere area of ​​dry crops, and the other group is located in the non-rhizosphere area adjacent to the rhizosphere area, the difference in water consumption of the pair of irrigation equipment during the whole growth period of dry crops is measured, and the actual water demand of dry crops during the whole growth period can be obtained without damaging the root system of the plants, and accurate measurement results can be obtained without damaging the plants;

[0089] By setting up two irrigation devices to be distributed vertically with the roots of dryland crops, one irrigation device is located in the rhizosphere area of ​​the dryland crops, and the other irrigation device is located in the non-rhizosphere area adjacent to the rhizosphere area. When there is a difference in the water consumption of the two irrigation devices, the corresponding depth is the depth of root growth of the crop plants. Dividing it by the corresponding cultivation time, the growth rate of the dryland crop plants can be obtained, and accurate measurement results can be obtained without harming the plants.

[0090] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, the present application may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present application to be protected. The scope of protection claimed in the present application is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for in-situ determination of actual growth indicators of dryland crops, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A pair of irrigation devices are buried in the soil respectively, wherein a water supply device of one irrigation device is buried in the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant; a water supply device of the other irrigation device is buried in the non-rhizosphere area adjacent to the rhizosphere of the dry crop plant, and both of the pair of irrigation devices are connected to a soil tensiometer for measuring soil tension; Using negative pressure irrigation technology, water is supplied to the irrigation equipment that shares a set of water supply equipment, wherein the water supply equipment is a water storage tank with an air inlet pipe; The negative pressure difference between the two soil tensiometers is obtained, and the water volume difference is converted according to the negative pressure difference, and the water volume difference is used as the actual water requirement of the dry crop plants in the soil in the same period of time.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: The irrigation equipment and the soil tensiometer are buried in pairs in the rhizosphere of dryland crop plants and in the non-rhizosphere adjacent to the rhizosphere according to the same but different depths of burial; The timing starts when the dry crop plant starts to grow, and the time and depth are recorded when the soil tensiometer changes. The depth is divided by the difference between the time when the change occurs and the time when the growth starts, to obtain the root growth rate of the dry crop plant.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Also includes: Using a plant water potential meter to measure the stem water potential and leaf water potential of the dry crop plants; Obtaining the water potential of dryland crop plants according to the negative pressure difference; The root water potential of the upland crop plant is obtained by subtracting the stem water potential and the leaf water potential from the water potential of the upland crop plant.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: The actual water requirement of the dry crop plant during the whole growth period is subtracted from the water content of the dry crop plant after the end of the whole growth period to obtain the transpiration water of the dry crop plant during the whole growth period; The amount of soil evaporation is obtained by subtracting the amount of soil water in the non-rhizosphere zone from the amount of water in the soil moist range after the full growth period of the dry crop plants. The soil evaporation water amount and the transpiration water amount are used as operation factors to perform addition operation to obtain the water dissipation amount for irrigating dryland crops; The actual water requirement and the water dissipation for irrigating dryland crops are used as operation factors for addition operation to obtain the water requirement for irrigating dryland crops (ET); The water requirement (ET) for irrigation of the dry crop is divided by the reference water requirement (ET0) to obtain the crop coefficient (Kc).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The transpiration water amount of the dry crop plants during the whole growth period is obtained by subtracting the water content of the dry crop plants after the end of the whole growth period from the actual water demand of the dry crop plants during the whole growth period, which includes: The measurement is stopped during each growth period of the dry crop plants, and the actual water requirement and the water content of the dry crop plants are used as operation factors to perform a subtraction operation to obtain the transpiration of the dry crop plants in each growth period.

6. A device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops, characterized in that: The device comprises a pair of watering devices, the pair of watering devices share a water supply device, and the water supply device is a water storage tank with an air inlet pipe; a meter connected to the pair of irrigation devices, the meter being used to measure soil tension; The water supply equipment comprises a water tank, a support platform is provided at the bottom of the water tank, the water tank comprises a box body and a sealing cover, the sealing cover is located above the box body, a water inlet is provided at the top of the box body, a vent pipe is fixedly plugged at the top of the box body, a water outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the box body, and the water outlet pipe is communicated with the box body; The watering device comprises a watering unit, and the watering unit is located outside the water tank.

7. The device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The irrigation unit includes a three-way pipe and a horizontal diversion pipe, the horizontal diversion pipe is inserted on the inner side of the three-way pipe, the outer side of the horizontal diversion pipe is fixedly connected with a vertical diversion pipe, the outer sides of the horizontal diversion pipe and the vertical diversion pipe are both connected with irrigation equipment, two groups of the irrigation equipment are horizontally distributed on the outer side of the horizontal diversion pipe, and two groups of the irrigation equipment are vertically distributed on the outer side of the vertical diversion pipe; the support platform includes a support plate and a sleeve rod, the sleeve rod is located at the bottom of the support plate, and the sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the support plate, a clamping groove is opened on the top of the support plate, and a circular arc groove is opened inside the sleeve rod; the support platform also includes an adjusting ring, a clamping ring is fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting ring, the clamping ring is clamped on the inner side of the circular arc groove, and an adjusting screw is inserted on the inner side of the adjusting ring.

8. The device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing cover is sleeved on the outside of the water injection port, and the sealing cover is threadedly connected to the water injection port. Corresponding sealing grooves are opened on the inner side of the sealing cover and the top of the water injection port. A sealing ring is clamped in the sealing groove, and the sealing ring is fixedly connected to the water injection port.

9. The device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ventilation pipe passes through the top of the box body and extends toward the inside of the box body. One end of the ventilation pipe inserted into the box body is close to the bottom of the box body.

10. The device for in-situ determination of actual growth indexes of dryland crops according to claim 9, characterized in that: The adjusting screw passes through the adjusting ring and is inserted into the inner side of the sleeve rod. The adjusting ring is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw. A universal joint is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the adjusting screw, and a support leg is sleeved on the outer side of the universal joint. The irrigation equipment includes a soil tensiometer and a clay head, wherein the clay head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the soil tensiometer; A soil tension pressure gauge is arranged on the top of the soil tensiometer, and a water pipe is connected to the top of the clay head. The water pipe runs through the top of the soil tensiometer and is connected with a horizontal shunt pipe and a vertical shunt pipe.

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