Curved surface structure surface load loading device and test method
By covering the outer surface of the curved structure sample and forming a negative pressure environment, the problem of uneven load distribution on the curved surface structure of the traditional airbag loading scheme is solved, and a high accuracy and low cost loading effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510075069.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
Traditional airbag loading solutions are difficult to achieve uniform load distribution on the curved structure of large-size shells. There are areas that are not directly loaded, resulting in uneven load distribution, affecting the accuracy of the test, and need to customize special-shaped airbags, which increases cost and preparation time.
By coating and vacuuming, a sealed coating is applied to the outer surface of the curved structure sample and a negative pressure environment is formed in the inner cavity to achieve a uniform load on the outer surface of the curved structure sample.
The uniform load distribution on the outer surface of the curved structure sample is achieved, which avoids the problem of uneven load distribution, improves the accuracy and reliability of the test, and reduces the test cost and preparation time.
Smart Images
Figure CN119803906A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aviation equipment, and in particular to a surface load loading device and a test method for a curved structure. Background Art
[0002] In the aerospace field, the windward protection structure of a spacecraft is usually designed with a special curved surface shape to meet the aerodynamic requirements under flight conditions. Under certain flight conditions, this curved shell structure will be subjected to aerodynamic loads, and its outer surface will be subjected to a positive pressure load of about one atmosphere at most. In order to apply a uniformly distributed load to the surface of the curved structure for testing, the traditional method mainly relies on airbag loading technology.
[0003] Specifically, the traditional method is to design a support fixture according to the outer dimensions of the test piece. The outer shape of the support fixture is close to the outer surface of the test piece and the size is slightly larger than the test piece itself. An airbag of a specific shape is arranged between the support fixture and the test piece. By inflating the airbag, the expansion of the airbag is used to effectively apply a uniform load to the surface of the curved structure.
[0004] However, traditional airbag loading solutions face many challenges in terms of loading requirements for large-sized shell curved surface structures. First, the airbag often cannot guarantee complete coverage of the entire surface of the test piece, especially when there are concave structures on the surface, areas that are not directly loaded are prone to appear, which will lead to uneven load distribution and affect the accuracy of the test. In addition, in order for the airbag to adapt to the complex shape of the test piece, it is necessary to customize airbags with special shapes, which not only increases costs but also prolongs the test preparation time. Secondly, the processing of airbag support tooling is difficult and costly. Due to its large size and heavy weight, the installation process is also extremely difficult, which further limits the application of traditional loading solutions in loading large-sized shell curved surface structures.
[0005] Therefore, a new loading technology is urgently needed that can effectively solve the problems existing in the traditional airbag loading scheme in loading large-size shell curved surface structures, so as to meet the test requirements of complex structures such as spacecraft, ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test, and at the same time reduce the test cost and improve the test efficiency. Summary of the invention
[0006] In view of this, in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a surface load loading device and a test method for a curved structure.
[0007] According to the first aspect of the present application, a surface load loading device for a curved structure is provided, the device comprising a loading platform, a sample fixing assembly, a sealing flange, a plurality of supporting sensor assemblies and a coating, a through hole is arranged at the center of the loading platform, the sealing flange is coaxially arranged below the through hole and fixedly connected to the bottom of the loading platform, a plurality of supporting sensor assemblies and a sample fixing assembly are circumferentially distributed on the outside of the through hole from the inside to the outside and fixedly connected to the upper part of the loading platform, a vacuum pipe joint and a plurality of aviation plugs are arranged on the sealing flange, the curved structure sample is fixed to the upper part of the loading platform through the sample fixing assembly, the load signal of the supporting sensor assembly is collected through the aviation plug, the vacuum degree of the space between the curved structure sample and the loading platform is controlled through the vacuum pipe joint, so as to realize uniform surface load loading on the curved structure sample.
[0008] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, the support sensing assembly includes a support sensing base, a load sensor, a sensor support, a support screw and a fixing nut. The support sensing base is fixedly assembled on the upper part of the loading platform, and the load sensor and the sensor support are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the support sensing base in sequence from bottom to top. The lower end of the support screw is fixedly connected to the sensor support, and a fixing nut is arranged on the upper end of the support screw.
[0009] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, the load sensor is a triaxial load sensor, which can measure the axial compressive load, circumferential load and radial load at the support position of the curved structure specimen under stress.
[0010] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, the sample fixing assembly includes a radial fixing assembly, which is in a circular ring shape as a whole, and the inner diameter of the radial fixing assembly decreases from bottom to top.
[0011] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, the radial fixing assembly is composed of two symmetrical radial fixing petal structures, the radial fixing petal structure is in a semicircular ring shape as a whole, and the inner diameter of the radial fixing petal structure decreases from bottom to top.
[0012] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, the specimen fixing assembly also includes a longitudinal fixing assembly, the longitudinal fixing assembly includes a plurality of edge support studs distributed circumferentially on the loading platform, the top of the edge support studs is provided with an integrally connected support protrusion, the bottom of the edge support studs is connected and assembled with the loading platform and the longitudinal height of the edge support studs can be adjusted according to the test requirements, and the bottom of the edge support studs is coaxially assembled with a locking nut.
[0013] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, a sealing groove is provided on the upper portion of the sealing flange, and a sealing ring is provided in the sealing groove.
[0014] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, a plurality of supporting bases are provided at the bottom of the loading platform.
[0015] Optionally, in the curved structure surface load loading device of the present application, a coating is provided on the loading platform to cover and seal the sample fixing component and the plurality of supporting sensor components.
[0016] According to a second aspect of the present application, a method for testing a surface load of a curved structure is provided, the method comprising: A plurality of supporting sensor components are installed on a loading platform with a supporting base, and during installation, two horizontal force measuring directions of the load sensor are respectively consistent with the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the curved surface structure specimen, so as to ensure accurate measurement of the radial load and the circumferential load at the supporting position of the curved surface structure specimen; Install the longitudinal fixing assembly on the loading platform and adjust the height of the edge support studs to the lowest position; place the curved surface structure specimen on top of the longitudinal fixing assembly, position and connect it through the support screw of the support sensor assembly, and lock and fix it with the fixing nut at the upper end of the support screw; Adjust the height of the edge support studs so that the upper end surface of the support protrusion on the top of the edge support studs is in contact with the bottom of the curved surface structure specimen, and lock and fix the edge support studs with locking nuts to longitudinally support and fix the curved surface structure specimen; install the radial fixing assembly on the loading platform to radially fix the curved surface structure specimen; The sealing flange is coaxially arranged below the through hole of the loading platform, and the electrical control transmission of the supporting sensor component is carried out through the aviation plug on the sealing flange; the curved surface structure specimen and all components on the upper part of the loading platform are completely covered with a film to construct a sealed space; A vacuum negative pressure is formed in the inner cavity of the curved structure specimen through the vacuum pipe joint on the sealing flange, and a uniform load is applied to the surface of the curved structure specimen. By loading different vacuum degrees step by step, the test data collected by the supporting sensor assembly are recorded. The test data include load data, airtight pressure data, and structural strain and displacement measurement values of the curved structure specimen.
[0017] The curved surface structure surface load loading device and test method of the present application, by coating the outer surface of the curved surface structure sample to achieve the sealing of the inner cavity, and using vacuum to form negative pressure in the inner cavity, thereby ingeniously achieving the effect of applying a uniform load to the outer surface of the curved surface structure sample. Compared with the traditional loading method, the embodiment of the present application has the following significant beneficial technical effects: 1. Improve loading uniformity and accuracy No loading gaps: The traditional airbag loading method may cause uneven load distribution due to the presence of an area between the airbag and the surface of the curved structure specimen that is not directly loaded. However, this application uses a vacuum coating method to form a complete negative pressure environment in the inner cavity of the curved structure specimen, without any loading gaps, ensuring that the applied load is evenly distributed on the entire outer surface. This uniform load distribution can more accurately simulate the effect of aerodynamic loads on the curved shell structure under actual flight conditions, improving the reliability of the test results.
[0018] Precise control of load: The vacuum process can achieve accurate control of the applied load by precisely controlling the vacuum degree. There is a clear correspondence between the vacuum degree and the applied negative pressure. Through high-precision vacuum pumps and pressure sensors and other equipment, the load can be fine-tuned accurately to meet the requirements for load accuracy in different test stages, providing a strong guarantee for accurately studying the mechanical properties of curved shell structures under different load levels.
[0019] 2. Advantages of Loading Device Low processing difficulty: Compared with the traditional airbag support tooling, the loading device of this application does not require complex shape processing and high-precision matching requirements. The coating can be customized according to the shape and size of the curved surface structure specimen, and the processing process is relatively simple, which greatly reduces the processing difficulty and cost and shortens the test preparation cycle.
[0020] Easy installation and operation: Due to the simple structure of the loading device, the installation process is also extremely convenient. Unlike the traditional airbag loading solution, there is no need to accurately install the bulky and heavy airbag support tooling. The installation of the coating can be completed by simple pasting or fixing, and the construction of the support structure is also relatively easy, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of the test personnel and improves the test efficiency.
[0021] 3. Enhanced structural stability Self-reaction force system formation: During the loading process, the device of the present application forms a self-reaction force system. Due to the effect of internal negative pressure, the curved structure specimen generates corresponding reverse force inside while being subjected to uniform load on the outer surface. These forces are balanced internally, so that the entire loading device has better structural stability during the loading process. This stability not only ensures the smooth progress of the test process, but also reduces the test error caused by the instability of the device and improves the accuracy of the test data.
[0022] Low ground strength requirements: Unlike traditional loading devices that need to be firmly connected to the ground to withstand reaction forces, the support base of the test device of this application does not need to be connected to the ground. Due to the self-reaction force system formed during the loading process, the device itself can balance the internal forces well, and the requirements for ground strength are greatly reduced. This allows the loading device of this application to be tested in more sites with different conditions, without being limited by ground strength, and has a wider range of applicability.
[0023] 4. Wide applicability Applicable to shell structures with different shapes: The outer surface of the curved structure specimen is coated to ensure the sealing effect. This design makes the present application applicable to shell structures with various shapes. Whether it is a regular curved shape or a complex irregular shape, as long as the coating can be sealed, the loading method of the present application can be used. This provides a unified loading solution for the test of curved surface structures of different types of spacecraft, which has strong versatility.
[0024] Strong adaptability to test conditions: Since the loading process is safe and controllable and has low requirements on environmental conditions, the loading device of this application can be used under a variety of test conditions. Whether it is an indoor laboratory environment or a temporary outdoor test site, it can ensure the smooth progress of the loading process, providing a flexible test method for the test of complex structures such as spacecraft, and can better meet the test needs in different stages and different environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural example diagram of a device for loading a load on a curved surface structure according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a structural example diagram of a loading platform of a device for loading a surface load on a curved structure according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG3 is a structural diagram of a radial fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is an exemplary diagram of a partial structure of a radial fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is another structural example diagram of a radial fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a structural example diagram of a longitudinal fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is an example diagram of the assembly and fixation of the longitudinal fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a structural example diagram of a sealing flange of a curved surface structure surface load loading device according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 is another structural example diagram of a sealing flange according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig.10 This is a structural example diagram of a support sensing component of a surface load loading device for a curved structure according to an embodiment of the present application; In the figure, 1-loading platform, 2-sample fixing assembly, 3-sealing flange, 4-support sensor assembly, 5-film, 11-through hole, 12-support base, 13-support sensor assembly assembly hole group, 131-third assembly hole, 14-first assembly hole, 15-second assembly hole, 21-radial fixing assembly, 211-radial fixing flap structure, 22-longitudinal fixing assembly, 221-edge support stud, 222-support protrusion, 223-locking nut, 31-vacuum pipe joint, 32-aviation plug, 33-sealing groove, 34-sealing ring, 41-support sensor base, 42-load sensor, 43-sensor support, 44-support screw, 45-fixing nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0028] It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in the absence of conflict; and, based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0029] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects described herein may be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein may be used to implement this device and / or practice this method.
[0030] This embodiment provides a device for applying a load to a curved surface structure.
[0031] Figure 1FIG. 1 is a structural example diagram of a surface load loading device for a curved structure according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the curved surface structure surface load loading device of this embodiment includes a loading platform 1, a sample fixing component 2, a sealing flange 3, a plurality of supporting sensor components 4 and a coating 5.
[0032] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a structural example diagram of a loading platform of a curved surface structure surface load loading device according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a through hole 11 is provided at the center of the loading platform 1, and a plurality of supporting bases 12 are provided at the bottom of the loading platform 1. In this embodiment, the through hole 11 of the loading platform 1 is used to confirm the installation status of the curved surface structure sample and to check the operating status of the supporting sensor assembly 4. The through hole 11 is sealed by the sealing flange 3 after the preparation work is completed.
[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, multiple supporting sensor components 4 and sample fixing components 2 are circumferentially distributed outside the through hole 11 from inside to outside and fixedly connected to the upper part of the loading platform 1. In practical applications, the curved surface structure sample can be fixed on the upper part of the loading platform 1 by the sample fixing component 2.
[0034] FIG3 is a structural diagram of a radial fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a partial structure of a radial fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sample fixing assembly 2 includes a radial fixing assembly 21 , which is in a circular ring shape as a whole, and the inner diameter of the radial fixing assembly 21 decreases from bottom to top.
[0035] Figure 5 FIG. 2 is another structural example diagram of a radial fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the radial fixing assembly 21 of this embodiment is composed of two symmetrical radial fixing flap structures 211, and the radial fixing flap structure 211 is semicircular in shape as a whole, and the inner diameter of the radial fixing flap structure 211 decreases from bottom to top. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the radial fixing assembly 21 is larger than the maximum outer dimension of the curved surface structure specimen. In practical applications, in order to prevent the curved surface structure specimen from being bumped, the radial fixing assembly 21 is installed close to the outside of the curved surface structure specimen and is installed on the loading platform 1 through fasteners.
[0036] Figure 6 is a structural example diagram of a longitudinal fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application, Figure 7 FIG. 1 is an example diagram of the assembly and fixing of the longitudinal fixing assembly according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the longitudinal fixing assembly 22 includes a plurality of edge support studs 221 circumferentially distributed on the loading platform 1, the top of the edge support studs 221 is provided with an integrally connected support protrusion 222, and the bottom of the edge support studs 221 is connected and assembled with the loading platform 1. In practical applications, the bottom of the edge support studs 221 is threadedly assembled with the loading platform 1, and the longitudinal height of the edge support studs 221 can be adjusted according to the test requirements, and the bottom of the edge support studs 221 is coaxially assembled with a locking nut 223.
[0037] In actual application, the initial installation state of the edge support stud 221 is set at the lowest height, and the height is adjusted according to the test requirements after the curved surface structure specimen is installed. During the test, the support protrusion 222 on the top of the edge support stud 221 is in contact with the bottom plane of the curved surface structure specimen, which plays a longitudinal support role for the curved surface structure specimen. In order to ensure that the edge support stud 221 is fixed during the test, the edge support stud 221 is fixed to the loading platform 1 by the locking nut 223 before the test. In this embodiment, the installation pitch circle size of the longitudinal fixing component 22 is consistent with the edge pitch circle size of the curved surface structure specimen.
[0038] Figure 8 This is a structural example diagram of a sealing flange of a curved surface load loading device according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 FIG. 2 is another structural example diagram of a sealing flange according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the sealing flange 3 is coaxially arranged below the through hole 11 and fixedly connected to the bottom of the loading platform 1, a vacuum pipe joint 31 and a plurality of aviation plugs 32 are arranged on the sealing flange 3, a sealing groove 33 is arranged on the upper part of the sealing flange 3, and a sealing ring 34 is arranged in the sealing groove 33. In practical applications, the load signal of the support sensing component 4 is collected through the aviation plug 32, and the space between the curved surface structure sample and the loading platform 1 is vacuum controlled through the vacuum pipe joint 31, so that a uniform load is loaded on the surface of the curved surface structure sample.
[0039] Fig.10 FIG. 1 is a structural example diagram of a support sensor component of a curved surface load loading device according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 and Fig.10As shown, in this embodiment, the support sensor assembly 4 includes a support sensor base 41, a load sensor 42, a sensor support 43, a support screw 44 and a fixing nut 45. The support sensor base 41 is fixedly assembled on the upper part of the loading platform 1, and the load sensor 42 and the sensor support 43 are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the support sensor base 41 from bottom to top. The lower end of the support screw 44 is fixedly connected to the sensor support 43, and the upper end of the support screw 44 is provided with a fixing nut 45. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the load sensor 42 is a triaxial load sensor, which can measure the axial compressive load, circumferential load and radial load of the support position of the curved structure specimen under stress.
[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the loading platform 1 of this embodiment is also provided with a plurality of supporting sensor assembly hole groups 13, a plurality of first assembly holes 14 and a plurality of second assembly holes 15, and the plurality of supporting sensor assembly hole groups 13, a plurality of first assembly holes 14 and a plurality of second assembly holes 15 are circumferentially distributed on the outside of the through hole 11 from the inside to the outside. Among them, the supporting sensor assembly hole group 13 is composed of a plurality of circumferentially distributed third assembly holes 131, and the supporting sensor assembly hole group 13 is used to fix the supporting sensor assembly 4; the first assembly hole 14 is used to assemble the longitudinal fixing assembly 22; and the second assembly hole 15 is used to assemble the radial fixing assembly 21. It should be noted that in this embodiment, in order to ensure the sealing effect, the plurality of supporting sensor assembly hole groups 13, a plurality of first assembly holes 14 and a plurality of second assembly holes 15 on the upper surface of the loading platform 1 are not through.
[0041] In practical applications, the lower surface of the loading platform 1 of this embodiment is welded with cross ribs to increase its rigidity and moment of inertia, thereby improving the anti-bending deformation capability and local bearing capacity of the loading platform 1.
[0042] This embodiment also provides a surface load testing method for a curved structure.
[0043] Step 1: multiple support sensor components 4 are installed on a loading platform 1 having a support base 12, and during installation, two horizontal force measurement directions of the load sensor 42 are respectively consistent with the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the curved surface structure specimen, so as to ensure accurate measurement of the radial load and the circumferential load at the support position of the curved surface structure specimen; Step 2: Install the longitudinal fixing assembly 22 on the loading platform 1 and adjust the height of the edge support stud 221 to the lowest position; Step 3: Place the curved surface structure sample on the longitudinal fixing assembly 22, position and connect it through the support screw 44 supporting the sensor assembly 4, and lock and fix it through the fixing nut 45 at the upper end of the support screw 44; Step 4: Adjust the height of the edge support stud 221 so that the upper end surface of the support protrusion 222 on the top of the edge support stud 221 contacts and fits with the bottom of the curved structure specimen, and lock and fix the edge support stud 221 with the locking nut 223, thereby supporting and fixing the curved structure specimen longitudinally; Step 5: Install the radial fixing assembly 21 on the loading platform 1 to radially fix the curved surface structure sample; Step 6: The sealing flange 3 is coaxially arranged below the through hole 11 of the loading platform 1, and the load signal of the supporting sensor component 4 is collected through the aviation plug 32 on the sealing flange 3; Step 7: Use the coating 5 to completely cover the curved surface structure sample and all components on the loading platform 1 to construct a sealed space; as an optional example, in this embodiment, an adhesive is applied to the upper surface of the loading platform 1 outside the radial fixing component 21 to bond and fix the edge of the coating 5; in practical applications, in order to further improve the bonding effect between the coating 5 and the surface of the curved surface structure sample, a felt can also be laid on the outer surface of the curved surface structure sample to prevent the coating 5 from rupturing and releasing pressure after vacuuming, thereby ensuring the integrity of the coating 5 and achieving a reliable sealing effect; Step 8: Form a vacuum negative pressure on the inner cavity of the curved structure sample through the vacuum pipe joint 31 on the sealing flange 3, load a uniform load on the surface of the curved structure sample, and record the test data collected by the support sensor component 4 by loading different vacuum degrees step by step. The test data includes load data, airtight pressure data, and structural strain and displacement measurement values of the curved structure sample. It should be noted that by forming a vacuum negative pressure in the inner cavity of the curved structure sample, the outer side of the curved structure sample is air pressure, and under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, a compressive load effect is formed on the outer surface of the curved structure sample.
[0044] The curved surface structure surface load loading device and test method of the embodiment of the present application, by coating the outer surface of the curved surface structure sample to achieve the sealing of the inner cavity, and using vacuum to form negative pressure in the inner cavity, thereby cleverly achieving the effect of applying a uniform load to the outer surface of the curved surface structure sample. Compared with the traditional loading method, the embodiment of the present application has the following significant beneficial technical effects: 1. Improve loading uniformity and accuracy No loading gaps: The traditional airbag loading method may cause uneven load distribution due to the presence of an area between the airbag and the surface of the curved structure specimen that is not directly loaded. However, this application uses a vacuum coating method to form a complete negative pressure environment in the inner cavity of the curved structure specimen, without any loading gaps, ensuring that the applied load is evenly distributed on the entire outer surface. This uniform load distribution can more accurately simulate the effect of aerodynamic loads on the curved shell structure under actual flight conditions, improving the reliability of the test results.
[0045] Precise control of load: The vacuum process can achieve accurate control of the applied load by precisely controlling the vacuum degree. There is a clear correspondence between the vacuum degree and the applied negative pressure. Through high-precision vacuum pumps and pressure sensors and other equipment, the load can be fine-tuned accurately to meet the requirements for load accuracy in different test stages, providing a strong guarantee for accurately studying the mechanical properties of curved shell structures under different load levels.
[0046] 2. Advantages of Loading Device Low processing difficulty: Compared with the traditional airbag support tooling, the loading device of this application does not require complex shape processing and high-precision matching requirements. The coating can be customized according to the shape and size of the curved surface structure specimen, and the processing process is relatively simple, which greatly reduces the processing difficulty and cost and shortens the test preparation cycle.
[0047] Easy installation and operation: Due to the simple structure of the loading device, the installation process is also extremely convenient. Unlike the traditional airbag loading solution, there is no need to accurately install the bulky and heavy airbag support tooling. The installation of the coating can be completed by simple pasting or fixing, and the construction of the support structure is also relatively easy, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of the test personnel and improves the test efficiency.
[0048] 3. Enhanced structural stability Formation of a self-reaction force system: During the loading process, the device of the present application forms a self-reaction force system. Due to the effect of internal negative pressure, the curved structure specimen is subjected to a uniformly distributed load on the outer surface, and the device also generates a corresponding reverse force. These forces are balanced internally, so that the entire loading device has better structural stability during the loading process. This stability not only ensures the smooth progress of the test process, but also reduces the test error caused by the instability of the device and improves the accuracy of the test data.
[0049] Low ground strength requirements: Unlike traditional loading devices that need to be firmly connected to the ground to withstand reaction forces, the support base of the test device of this application does not need to be connected to the ground. Due to the self-reaction force system formed during the loading process, the device itself can balance the internal forces well, and the requirements for ground strength are greatly reduced. This allows the loading device of this application to be tested in more sites with different conditions, without being limited by ground strength, and has a wider range of applicability.
[0050] 4. Wide applicability Applicable to shell structures with different shapes: The outer surface of the curved structure specimen is coated to ensure the sealing effect. This design makes the present application applicable to shell structures with various shapes. Whether it is a regular curved shape or a complex irregular shape, as long as the coating can be sealed, the loading method of the present application can be used. This provides a unified loading solution for the test of curved surface structures of different types of spacecraft, which has strong versatility.
[0051] Strong adaptability to test conditions: Since the loading process is safe and controllable and has low requirements on environmental conditions, the loading device of this application can be used under a variety of test conditions. Whether it is an indoor laboratory environment or a temporary outdoor test site, it can ensure the smooth progress of the loading process, providing a flexible test method for the test of complex structures such as spacecraft, and can better meet the test needs in different stages and different environments.
[0052] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A device for applying a load to a curved surface structure, characterized in that: The device includes a loading platform, a sample fixing component, a sealing flange, a plurality of supporting sensor components and a coating. A through hole is arranged at the center of the loading platform. The sealing flange is coaxially arranged below the through hole and fixedly connected to the bottom of the loading platform. A plurality of supporting sensor components and a sample fixing component are circumferentially distributed on the outside of the through hole from the inside to the outside and fixedly connected to the upper part of the loading platform. A vacuum pipeline joint and a plurality of aviation plugs are arranged on the sealing flange. The curved surface structure sample is fixed on the upper part of the loading platform through the sample fixing component. The load signal of the supporting sensor component is collected through the aviation plug. The vacuum degree of the space between the curved surface structure sample and the loading platform is controlled through the vacuum pipeline joint, so as to realize uniform surface load loading on the curved surface structure sample.
2. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support sensing assembly includes a support sensing base, a load sensor, a sensor support, a support screw and a fixing nut. The support sensing base is fixedly assembled on the upper part of the loading platform. The load sensor and the sensor support are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the support sensing base in sequence from bottom to top. The lower end of the support screw is fixedly connected to the sensor support, and a fixing nut is arranged on the upper end of the support screw.
3. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The load sensor is a triaxial load sensor that can measure the axial compressive load, circumferential load and radial load at the support position of the curved surface structure specimen under stress.
4. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample fixing component comprises a radial fixing component, which is in a circular ring shape as a whole, and the inner diameter of the radial fixing component decreases from bottom to top.
5. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radial fixing component is composed of two symmetrical radial fixing petal structures. The radial fixing petal structure is in a semicircular ring shape as a whole, and the inner diameter of the radial fixing petal structure decreases from bottom to top.
6. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specimen fixing assembly also includes a longitudinal fixing assembly, which includes a plurality of edge support studs circumferentially distributed on the loading platform, the top of the edge support studs is provided with an integrally connected support protrusion, the bottom of the edge support studs is connected and assembled with the loading platform and the longitudinal height of the edge support studs can be adjusted according to the test requirements, and the bottom of the edge support studs is coaxially assembled with a locking nut.
7. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing groove is arranged on the upper part of the sealing flange, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove.
8. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of supporting bases are arranged at the bottom of the loading platform.
9. The curved surface structure surface load loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering film is arranged on the loading platform to cover and seal the sample fixing component and a plurality of supporting sensor components.
10. A surface load test method for a curved structure, characterized in that: The method comprises: A plurality of supporting sensor components are installed on a loading platform with a supporting base, and during installation, two horizontal force measuring directions of the load sensor are respectively consistent with the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the curved surface structure specimen, so as to ensure accurate measurement of the radial load and the circumferential load at the supporting position of the curved surface structure specimen; Install the longitudinal fixing assembly on the loading platform and adjust the height of the edge support studs to the lowest position; place the curved surface structure specimen on top of the longitudinal fixing assembly, position and connect it through the support screw of the support sensor assembly, and lock and fix it with the fixing nut at the upper end of the support screw; Adjust the height of the edge support studs so that the upper end surface of the support protrusion on the top of the edge support studs is in contact with the bottom of the curved surface structure specimen, and lock and fix the edge support studs with locking nuts to longitudinally support and fix the curved surface structure specimen; install the radial fixing assembly on the loading platform to radially fix the curved surface structure specimen; The sealing flange is coaxially arranged below the through hole of the loading platform, and the load signal of the supporting sensor component is collected through the aviation plug on the sealing flange; the curved surface structure specimen and all components on the upper part of the loading platform are completely covered with a film to construct a sealed space; A vacuum negative pressure is formed in the inner cavity of the curved structure specimen through the vacuum pipe joint on the sealing flange, and a uniform load is applied to the surface of the curved structure specimen. By loading different vacuum degrees step by step, the test data collected by the supporting sensor assembly are recorded. The test data include load data, airtight pressure data, and structural strain and displacement measurement values of the curved structure specimen.