In-situ characterization device and method for interface bonding performance of composite material in electromagnetic field

Abstract

The invention discloses an in-situ characterization device for the interface bonding performance of a composite material in an electromagnetic field. Comprising a loading device for applying a normal load to a composite material, an electric impact device for loading current to the composite material, a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic field, providing an environment magnetic field for the composite material and regulating and controlling the size of the magnetic field, and a monitoring device, the monitoring device comprises a resistance measuring device, an optical monitoring device and an infrared monitoring device which are arranged on one side of the material mounting position. The influence of high-energy current on the microstructure of the composite material when the electromagnetic gun is launched is realized, the conductivity of the composite material can be better researched, the evolution mechanism of the microstructure of the material is disclosed, guidance is provided for improving the design of the composite material, and the method is particularly suitable for a copper-based track composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to an in-situ characterization device and method for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of launch technology, electromagnetic rail launch technology has the characteristics of high launch speed, large kinetic energy, good controllability, and high energy conversion efficiency. However, its track needs to withstand the combined coupling of extremely high current, magnetic field, and high temperature rise rate. One of the key technologies of electromagnetic rail guns is the rail ablation resistance technology. In the actual launch process, the instantaneous large current will cause its temperature to rise sharply. Under the action of strong magnetic field and strong electric field, its structural characteristics and material are directly related to the state of the rail gun rail before and after launch. In the application of electromagnetic rail guns, composite material technology can be used to connect metal materials with different properties to form a composite track with the required properties. Because the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure evolution and performance of the composite track under multi-field coupling is unclear, the copper-based track composite material must undergo electromagnetic, thermal, and force shocks to guide the design of high-durability composite structure track materials. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ characterization device and method for the interface bonding performance of composite materials in an electromagnetic field, so as to realize the influence of high-energy current on the microstructure of composite materials when an electromagnetic gun is launched, better study the conductive properties of composite materials, reveal the evolution mechanism of material microstructure, and provide guidance for improving the design of composite materials, especially suitable for copper-based rail composite materials.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field, comprising: a loading device for applying a normal load to the composite material; An electric shock device for applying electric current to the composite material; A magnetic field generating device, used to generate a magnetic field, provide an environmental magnetic field for the composite material and regulate the magnitude of the magnetic field; The monitoring device includes a resistance measuring device, an optical monitoring device and an infrared monitoring device arranged on one side of the material installation position.

[0005] Preferably, the magnetic field generating device includes an excitation coil, a sliding platform, a first slider and a slide rail, the first slider is arranged on the slide rail, the sliding platform is arranged on the slide rail through the first slider, the excitation coil is arranged on the sliding platform, the excitation coil and the sliding platform can move back and forth along the slide rail through the first slider, and the composite material is arranged within the magnetic field moving track of the excitation coil.

[0006] Preferably, the electric impact device comprises an upper conductive electrode and a lower conductive electrode respectively connected to two ends of the composite material.

[0007] Preferably, the loading device comprises a cylinder, a movable bracket and a fixed bracket, the movable bracket and the fixed bracket are respectively connected to two ends of the composite material, and the cylinder is connected to the movable bracket.

[0008] Preferably, the resistance measuring device includes a resistance measuring instrument and a second slider, the measuring end of the resistance measuring instrument is arranged on one side of the composite material, a slide rail is arranged at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument, and the resistance measuring instrument is arranged on the slide rail through the second slider and can move back and forth along the slide rail.

[0009] Preferably, the slide rail at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument is arranged in parallel with the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device. Or the slide rail at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument is the same as the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device and shares the same slide rail.

[0010] Preferably, the infrared monitoring device comprises an infrared thermal imager and a second camera mounting bracket that can be moved and adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, and the infrared thermal imager is located above the second camera mounting bracket and arranged on one side of the composite material.

[0011] Preferably, the optical monitoring device includes an optical microscope, a bracket, a first camera mounting bracket that can be moved and adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, an optical slider and an optical slide rail, the optical slider is arranged on the optical slide rail, the first camera mounting bracket is arranged on the optical slider, and the optical microscope is arranged on the first camera mounting bracket through the bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field further comprises a box, in which the loading device, the electric impact device, the magnetic field generating device and the monitoring device are all arranged, and the box is provided with a draw hole for introducing liquid argon into the box.

[0013] An in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field as described above comprises the following steps: The composite material is clamped on the loading device, two conductive electrodes of the electric impact device are connected to two ends of the composite material, and the magnetic field generating device is positioned on one side of the composite material; Positioning the resistance measuring device, the optical monitoring device, and the infrared monitoring device to the measuring position of the composite material and starting them; According to the preset values, the magnetic field generating device, electric shock device and loading device are controlled to work; The resistivity of the composite material before and after the experiment was measured by a resistance measuring device. The optical monitoring device was focused on the composite material bonding interface to monitor the microstructure changes of the composite material bonding interface in real time during the electric shock of the coupled magnetic field. The infrared monitoring device was used to face the copper-based rail composite material horizontally to collect the composite material surface temperature data in real time, display the composite material surface temperature changes in real time, and record the relevant measured data.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The magnetic field generating device, electric shock device and loading device in the present invention can simulate the electromagnetic thermal field coupling in the actual work of the composite material sample. By adjusting the magnetic field strength and the current size, the influence of the high-energy current of the electromagnetic gun on the microstructure of the composite material during firing can be realized. The conductive properties of the composite material can be better studied, and the evolution mechanism of the material microstructure can be revealed, so as to provide guidance for improving the design of the composite material, and the present invention is particularly suitable for copper-based track composite materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ characterization device for the interface bonding performance of a composite material in an electromagnetic field according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic field generating device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric shock device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the loading device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the resistance measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of an optical monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the infrared monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the working environment of the in-situ characterization device for the interface bonding performance of composite materials in an electromagnetic field in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1-box, 2-magnetic field generating device, 3-electric impact device, 4-loading device, 5-resistance measuring device, 6-optical monitoring device, 7-infrared monitoring device; 2.1-excitation coil, 2.2-sliding platform, 2.3-first slider, 2.4-slide rail; 3.1-upper conductive electrode, 3.2-lower conductive electrode, 3.3-copper-based track composite material; 4.1-Dual-axis cylinder, 4.2-Movable bracket, 4.3-Fixed bracket; 5.1-resistance tester, 5.2-second slider; 6.1-optical microscope, 6.2-square bracket, 6.3-first camera mounting bracket, 6.4-optical slider, 6.5-optical slide rail; 7.1-Infrared thermal imager, 7.2-Mounting bracket for the second camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are involved, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] Example 1 An in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, including: A loading device 4, used to apply a normal load to the composite material; An electric shock device 3, used to load electric current on the composite material; A magnetic field generating device 2 is used to generate a magnetic field, provide an environmental magnetic field for the composite material, regulate the magnitude of the magnetic field, and control the magnetic field coupling of the composite material; The monitoring device 2 includes a resistance measuring device 5, an optical monitoring device 6 and an infrared monitoring device 7 arranged on one side of the material installation position; the resistance measuring device 5 is used to measure the resistivity of the composite material before and after the experiment, the optical monitoring device 6 is used to focus on the composite material bonding interface, and is used to monitor the microstructure changes of the composite material bonding interface during the electric impact of the coupled magnetic field in real time; the infrared monitoring device 7 is facing the copper-based rail composite material in the horizontal direction, and is used to collect the composite material surface temperature data in real time and display the composite material surface temperature changes in real time.

[0028] Furthermore, the magnetic field generating device 2 includes an excitation coil 2.1, a sliding platform 2.2, a first slider 2.3 and a slide rail 2.4. The first slider 2.3 is arranged on the slide rail 2.4. The sliding platform 2.2 is arranged on the slide rail 2.4 through the first slider 2.3. The excitation coil 2.1 is arranged on the sliding platform 2.2. The excitation coil 2.1 and the sliding platform 2.2 can move back and forth along the slide rail 2.4 through the first slider 2.3. The composite material installation position is arranged within the magnetic field movement trajectory of the excitation coil 2.1, that is, the excitation coil 2.1 moves along the slide rail 2.4 to one side of the verification material installation position through the sliding platform 2.2 and the first slider 2.3, so that the verification material installation position is located within the magnetic field range.

[0029] The composite material is arranged on the moving track of the excitation coil 2.1.

[0030] Furthermore, the sliding platform is rigidly connected to the slider on the slide rail for fixing and installing the excitation coil, and the DC power supply input point and output point are respectively connected to the excitation coil interface, and different magnetic field intensities are excited by adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the excitation coil by the DC power supply. The magnetic field generating device can change the different magnetic field environments of the copper-based track composite material by adjusting the distance between the excitation coil and the copper-based track composite material.

[0031] Furthermore, the electric impact device 3 comprises an upper conductive electrode 3.1 and a lower conductive electrode 3.2 respectively connected to two ends of the composite material.

[0032] Furthermore, the loading device 4 comprises a double-axis cylinder 4.1, a movable bracket 4.2 and a fixed bracket 4.3, the movable bracket 4.2 and the fixed bracket 4.3 are respectively connected to two ends of the composite material, and the double-axis cylinder 4.1 is connected to the movable bracket 4.2.

[0033] Furthermore, in the specific embodiment, the movable bracket 4.2 and the fixed bracket 4.3 are respectively connected to the two ends of the composite material. It can be considered that: the movable bracket 4.2 and the fixed bracket 4.3 are respectively directly connected to the two ends of the composite material, or it can be considered that: the movable bracket 4.2 and the fixed bracket 4.3 are respectively connected to the two ends of the composite material through the two electrodes of the electric shock device 3.

[0034] The fixed bracket and the lower conductive electrode are fixed in position and are used for the initial positioning and installation of the copper-based track composite material; the dual-axis cylinder, the movable bracket, and the upper conductive electrode are movable parts, and the distance between the upper conductive electrode and the lower conductive electrode is adjusted by controlling the dual-axis cylinder, which is used for the positioning and fixing of the copper-based track composite material; the dual-axis cylinder can control the downward pressure distance by controlling the size of the air pressure, and then control the contact pressure between the upper conductive electrode and the lower conductive electrode, so as to couple the force field of the copper-based track composite material; the output contact point of the power supply is connected to the input contact point of the upper conductive shaft, and the electric field is coupled to the copper-based track composite material by adjusting the current size and the number of pulses; when the high-energy pulse current flows through the copper-based track composite material, Joule heat is generated, and thermal field coupling is realized for the copper-based track composite material.

[0035] Furthermore, an in-situ research system with large in-plane magnetic field application and multi-field coupling functions is realized; an ultra-large in-plane magnetic field is applied, compatible with liquid argon cooling system, compatible with electro-magnetic-mechanical coupling loading, and meets the needs of multi-field coupling research, forming an in-situ experimental system including an in-situ sample stage, a multi-channel low-noise power supply, a temperature monitoring module, an optical monitoring module, etc. The monitoring device includes a resistance tester, an infrared thermal imager, and an optical microscope. The monitoring device needs to be coupled to the external field without interference, multi-channel signal transmission, and precise signal measurement and control.

[0036] Example 2 like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, based on Example 1, the resistance measuring device, the optical monitoring device, and the infrared monitoring device are further limited, and the performance of Example 2 after the limitations is better.

[0037] Furthermore, the resistance measuring device includes a resistance measuring instrument 5.1 and a second slider 5.2. The measuring end of the resistance measuring instrument 5.1 is arranged on one side of the composite material. A slide rail is arranged at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument 5.1. The resistance measuring instrument 5.1 is arranged on the slide rail through the second slider 5.2 and can move back and forth along the slide rail.

[0038] The resistance tester uses the four-terminal method to measure resistance. A constant current is passed through both ends of the sample, and the change in sample voltage is measured to measure the resistivity. The test environment includes normal temperature and pressure, vacuum / inert gas protection, and different samples can be protected by inert gas to carry out material testing and static research.

[0039] Furthermore, the slide rail at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument 5.1 is arranged in parallel with the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device 2, or the slide rail at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument 5.1 and the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device 2 are the same and share the same slide rail.

[0040] Furthermore, the infrared monitoring device 7 includes an infrared thermal imager 7.1 and a second camera mounting bracket 7.2 that can be moved and adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom. The infrared thermal imager is located above the camera mounting bracket and arranged on one side of the composite material. The movement of the infrared thermal imager with two degrees of freedom can be controlled by the second camera mounting bracket 7.2.

[0041] To achieve in-situ research on the deformation mechanism of materials under the electric shock high temperature stress coupling field. The electric shock temperature gradient cannot be controlled, and the temperature at the sample can only be measured by an infrared thermal imager. The normal load can be applied to the sample through the electrode, and independent temperature monitoring can be achieved; the equipment has high power and can be accurately electrically measured and controlled through the electrode. Through the experience accumulated in the previous experiments, it becomes controllable to control temperature fluctuations and monitor the microstructure evolution of the sample under temperature, and provide a large amount of preliminary data for further judgment of fatigue, reliability, and failure analysis. Through controllable temperature, electromagnetic processing, and service environment simulation, the changes in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity corresponding to fatigue, reliability, and failure analysis are analyzed.

[0042] Furthermore, the optical monitoring device 6 includes an optical microscope 6.1, a square bracket 6.2, a first camera mounting bracket 6.3 that can be moved and adjusted in multiple degrees of freedom, an optical slider 6.4 and an optical slide rail 6.5. The optical slider 6.4 is arranged on the optical slide rail 6.5, the first camera mounting bracket 6.3 is arranged on the optical slider 6.4, and the optical microscope 6.1 is arranged on the first camera mounting bracket 6.3 through the square bracket 6.2; the optical slide rail 6.5 is arranged on one side of the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device 2 and is arranged parallel to the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device 2. The first camera mounting bracket 6.3 can move in two degrees of freedom, and the two degrees of freedom of the first camera mounting bracket 6.3 are perpendicular to each other and are both perpendicular to the optical slide rail 6.5; the square bracket is rigidly connected to the camera mounting bracket, and the movement of the three degrees of freedom of the optical microscope is controlled by the first camera mounting bracket 6.3, the optical slide rail 6.5 and the optical slider 6.4.

[0043] Furthermore, the resistance measuring device 5 and the infrared monitoring device 7 are arranged on both sides of the excitation coil 2.1 and the composite material installation position respectively.

[0044] The magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device 2 is perpendicular to the current on the composite material provided by the electric shock device 3, and the magnetic field has a deflection effect on the electron beam; the optical microscope can not only observe the changes in the macroscopic surface of the sample, but also monitor the changes in the microstructure caused by the electric shock. Compared with the existing in-situ observation of microstructural phase change, ultra-high vacuum requirements, extremely small sample chambers, and higher sample preparation requirements are required, and the material performance monitoring process cannot be quickly realized; optical monitoring provides a method for realizing microstructural evolution without damaging the surface morphology of the sample; after the optical microscope enters, the sample position is accurate, the field of view is sufficient, there is no vibration, the imaging requirements are met, high-magnification imaging is free of jitter, and the in-situ optical sample imaging and correction functions are good.

[0045] Furthermore, the composite material is in a cylindrical or prism shape.

[0046] The composite material is a copper-based rail composite material. The copper-based rail composite material is prepared by laser melting deposition to prepare the composite surface coating. Using the copper-based rail composite material for testing can accelerate the acquisition of coupled magnetic field electric shock test data, and provide experimental method support for the study of interface bonding performance of copper-based rail composite materials.

[0047] This device has a unique mechanical loading system, which can always keep the stress application direction coaxial and coplanar with the sample, ensuring high-resolution imaging of the entire loading process. The fixed electrode connection method is adopted to ensure high stability and reliability. Contact resistance and mechanical vibration are avoided. The sample is placed on the electrode, the block is sampled, the sample is monitored in situ, and it is transferred to the optical microscope / resistance tester for dynamic observation and recording. Force / heat / electric loading monitoring is realized. The unique sample fixed electrode connection method is simple to operate, ensuring that the process is stable and interference-free during the electric shock process; ensuring that the signal is stable and interference-free during the monitoring process. Fixed-point monitoring of material characteristic structures can be realized. By presetting the loading force, locating the characteristic structure, and directional monitoring, a large amount of preliminary experimental data is provided for further judgment of the subsequent microstructure, making outstanding contributions to the improvement of fatigue, reliability, and failure analysis. Through modular multi-field loading dedicated integrated control software, complete structural design and sample preparation scheme, the equipment is suitable for testing and preliminary monitoring of various types of materials such as blocks. It can realize materials of various dimensions, various thermal-mechanical-electrical-magnetic loading methods and detection, ensuring that it is suitable for different fields.

[0048] The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field also includes a box 1, a magnetic field generating device 2, an electric impact device 3, a loading device 4 and a monitoring device 6 are all arranged in the box 1, and a pumping hole is provided on the box for introducing liquid argon into the box.

[0049] An in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field as described above comprises the following steps: Step 1, clamp the composite material on the loading device 4, connect the two conductive electrodes of the electric impact device 3 to the two ends of the composite material, and position the magnetic field generating device 2 to one side of the composite material; Step 2, positioning the resistance measuring device 5, the optical monitoring device 6, and the infrared monitoring device 7 to the measurement position of the composite material and starting them; Step 3, according to the preset value, control the magnetic field generating device 2, the electric shock device 3, and the loading device 4 to work; Step 4, measuring the resistivity of the composite material before and after the experiment by means of a resistance measuring device 5; focusing on the composite material bonding interface by means of an optical monitoring device 6, and monitoring in real time the microstructure change of the composite material bonding interface during the electric shock of the coupled magnetic field; and collecting in real time the composite material surface temperature data by means of an infrared monitoring device 7 facing the copper-based rail composite material in a horizontal direction, displaying the composite material surface temperature change in real time, and recording the relevant measured data; Step 5, after the test is completed, the composite material is taken out, and the magnetic field generating device 2, the electric shock device 3, the loading device 4 and the monitoring device 5 are turned off and returned to their original positions.

[0050] Working principle of the invention: The in-situ characterization device of the interface bonding performance of copper-based rail composite materials in an electromagnetic field of the invention solves the problem that traditional testing technology is difficult to verify the intrinsic relationship between the micro-region structure changes of the material interface and the conductive performance, and cannot reveal the relationship between the microstructure and physical parameters of the copper-based rail composite materials. The invention simulates the influence of high-energy pulse current in the coupled magnetic field on the microstructure of the copper-based rail composite materials when an electromagnetic gun is fired.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the main body of the in-situ characterization device for the interface bonding performance of copper-based rail composite materials in an electromagnetic field is composed of a box 1, a magnetic field generating device 2, an electric shock device 3, a loading device 4, a resistance measuring device 5, an optical monitoring device 6, an infrared monitoring device 7 and a copper-based rail composite material sample. The box 1 is used to fix the magnetic field generating device 2, the electric shock device 3, the loading device 4, the resistance measuring device 5, the optical monitoring device 6, and the infrared monitoring device 7, thereby fixing the entire experimental machine. The copper-based rail composite material sample can be operated as a test sample using the electric shock of the coupled electromagnetic field.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, the magnetic field generating device includes an excitation coil 2.1, a sliding platform 2.2, a first slider 2.3, and a slide rail 2.4. The slide rail 2.4 is fixed on the box body 1, the sliding platform 2.2 is fixed to the first slider 2.3, the excitation coil 2.1 is placed on the sliding platform 2.2, the excitation coil 2.1 is pushed to drive the first slider 2.3 to move, and the excitation coil 2.1 is moved to a suitable position on the slide rail 2.4 through the first slider 2.3. By combining the excitation coil 2.1 with a DC power supply, the DC power supply can be used to provide currents of different strengths to change the current in the excitation coil 2.1, and the corresponding magnetic field strength is generated through the coil. By adjusting the current parameters in the DC power supply, magnetic fields of different shapes, strengths and time characteristics can be achieved, and electromagnetic field coupling can be achieved.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the electric shock device 3 includes an upper conductive electrode 3.1 and a lower conductive electrode 3.2. Figure 4 As shown, the loading device 4 includes a double-axis cylinder 4.1, a movable bracket 4.2, and a fixed bracket 4.3. In the experiment, the copper-based track composite material is placed on the lower conductive electrode 3.2, and the movable bracket 4.2 and the upper conductive electrode 3.1 are driven to move by adjusting the double-axis cylinder 4.1, so that the copper-based track composite material sample is fixed between the lower conductive electrode 3.2 and the upper conductive electrode 3.1. The wire is connected to the upper conductive electrode 3.1 through the movable bracket 4.2, and the other end is connected to the power supply. The current passes through the upper conductive electrode 3.1, and then the copper-based track composite material sample, the lower conductive electrode 3.2, and the internal wire of the fixed bracket conduct the current to the other end of the power supply, forming a current loading circuit. By controlling the magnitude of the current flowing through the upper conductive electrode 3.1 and the lower conductive electrode 3.2 and the magnitude of the loading force, the electric shock under various working conditions can be simulated.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the monitoring device includes a resistance measuring device 5, an optical monitoring device 6 and an infrared monitoring device 7. The resistance measuring device 5 measures the resistance by a four-terminal method, where a constant current (I) is passed through both ends of the sample, and the change in the sample voltage is measured to measure the resistivity.

[0055] The resistance tester 5.1 is rigidly connected to the second slider 5.2 by screws, and its position with the copper-based track composite material is adjusted by pushing the resistance tester 5.1 to slide on the slide rail. The optical monitoring device includes an optical microscope 6.1, a square bracket 6.2, a first camera mounting bracket 6.3, an optical slider 6.4, and an optical slide rail 6.5. The optical microscope 6.1 is mounted on the square bracket 6.2, and the square bracket 6.2 is connected to the wedge-shaped slider on the first camera mounting bracket 6.3 by screws. Its lens is focused on the copper-based track composite material. The optical microscope can adjust its spatial position in 6 degrees of freedom through the first camera mounting bracket 6.3 and the slide rail. The infrared monitoring device 7 includes an infrared thermal imager 7.1 and a second camera mounting bracket 7.2. The lens of the infrared thermal imager is focused on the copper-based track composite material by adjusting the second camera mounting bracket 7.2. The resistance tester 5.1, the optical microscope 6.1 and the infrared thermal imager 7.1 together constitute an in-situ monitoring system integrating "optical-infrared-resistance".

[0056] When the in-situ characterization method and device of the copper-based rail composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field of the present invention are used, the working process is specifically as follows: Step 1: Install the specimen Open the box door, insert the lower conductive electrode into the lower conductive shaft, and insert the upper conductive electrode into the upper conductive shaft; place the copper-based track composite material sample on the lower conductive electrode, inflate the double-axis cylinder to extend the double-axis cylinder outward, loosen the screws that fix the upper conductive electrode and the transmission rod, adjust the gap between the upper conductive electrode and the sample, ensure that the sample is fixed between the two electrodes, and tighten the fixing screws of the upper conductive electrode and the transmission rod. Push the excitation coil to a suitable distance from the sample through the slider.

[0057] Step 2: Start monitoring equipment and software Push the resistance tester to measure the interface resistance of the copper-based track composite material, and push the resistance tester to the end of the slide rail away from the sample. Start the optical microscope and infrared thermal imager. Adjust the position and angle of the optical microscope and infrared thermal imager to focus them on the surface of the copper-based track composite material, and adjust the relevant parameters of the optical microscope and infrared thermal imager to wait for collection.

[0058] Step 3: Set parameters and start the experiment Set the electric shock current and action time, set the current in the excitation coil according to the expected magnetic field strength, move the excitation coil to a suitable position, measure the magnetic field strength with a Gauss meter, adjust the test parameters, and conduct an electric shock test in a magnetic field. Trigger the high-speed camera and infrared thermal imager to start collecting data; trigger the electric shock device, and high-energy current will impact the copper-based track composite material in the magnetic field.

[0059] Step 4: End of the experiment After the test, turn off the current source of the excitation coil, the electric impulse current source, and the optical microscope in turn, remove the optical monitoring device, save the relevant data, and perform morphological analysis on the copper-based track composite material. When the copper-based track composite material cools to room temperature, turn off the infrared thermal imager. Move the resistance measuring device to a suitable position, measure the interface resistance value of the copper-based track composite material, record the relevant data, and remove the resistance measuring device. Turn off the dual-axis cylinder, take out the copper-based track composite material, and close the box door.

[0060] Under the synchronous loading coupling of electromagnetic field, the temperature rise at the connection interface enhances the metallurgical reaction in the connection area, promotes the mutual diffusion of interface atoms, and changes the microscopic morphology of the interface of the copper-based track composite material. According to electromagnetic theory, when current is passed through the induction coil, a magnetic field is generated in the copper-based track composite material. B , and the current J in the copper-based track composite material, then the electromagnetic force on the current-carrying conductor in the magnetic field can be determined by the Maxwell equations combined with Ohm's law.

[0061] According to Loretz's law, the induced electromagnetic force can be calculated as follows:

[0062] in, is the magnetic permeability of the medium.

[0063] During the electric shock process, the copper-based rail composite material will form a temperature field mainly because the current passing through the copper-based rail composite material generates Joule heat. The amount of heat generated is determined by the following formula:

[0064] In the formula is the total heat generated during the electric shock process; I is the current during the electric shock process; R is the total resistance of the copper-based track composite material; t The time taken for the electric shock process; j is the current density; Resistivity of copper-based track composites; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample; h is the sample height.

[0065] When the electric impulse current passes through the copper-based track composite material, the temperature rise rate in the sample is very fast because the electric impulse current acts for a very short time, and the thermal expansion of the material lags behind the temperature change, so a large instantaneous thermal compressive stress is generated inside the sample:

[0066] In the formula, is the elastic modulus; is the coefficient of thermal expansion; represents the dimensionless temperature rise at any time t, is the instantaneous temperature change, is the maximum temperature change; is the dimensionless expansion length, is the instantaneous length change, is the maximum length variation.

[0067] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0068] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field, characterized in that: include: A loading device (4) for applying a normal load to the composite material; An electric shock device (3) for applying electric current to the composite material; A magnetic field generating device (2), used to generate a magnetic field, provide an environmental magnetic field for the composite material and regulate the magnitude of the magnetic field; A monitoring device (2), comprising a resistance measuring device (5), an optical monitoring device (6) and an infrared monitoring device (7) arranged on one side of a material placement location.

2. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic field generating device (2) comprises an excitation coil (2.1), a sliding platform (2.2), a first slider (2.3) and a slide rail (2.4); the first slider (2.3) is arranged on the slide rail (2.4); the slide platform (2.2) is arranged on the slide rail (2.4) via the first slider (2.3); the excitation coil (2.1) is arranged on the slide platform (2.2); the excitation coil (2.1) and the slide platform (2.2) can move back and forth along the slide rail (2.4) via the first slider (2.3); and the composite material is arranged within the magnetic field movement track range of the excitation coil (2.1).

3. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric impact device (3) comprises an upper conductive electrode (3.1) and a lower conductive electrode (3.2) respectively connected to two ends of the composite material.

4. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading device (4) comprises a cylinder, a movable bracket (4.2) and a fixed bracket (4.3); the movable bracket (4.2) and the fixed bracket (4.3) are respectively connected to two ends of the composite material; and the cylinder is connected to the movable bracket (4.2).

5. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 2, characterized in that: The resistance measuring device (5) comprises a resistance measuring instrument (5.1) and a second slider (5.2); a measuring end of the resistance measuring instrument (5.1) is arranged on one side of the composite material; a slide rail is arranged at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument (5.1); the resistance measuring instrument (5.1) is arranged on the slide rail via the second slider (5.2) and can move back and forth along the slide rail.

6. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slide rail at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument (5.1) is arranged parallel to the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device (2). Or the slide rail at the bottom of the resistance measuring instrument (5.1) is the same as the slide rail of the magnetic field generating device (2), and they share the same slide rail.

7. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared monitoring device (7) comprises an infrared thermal imager (7.1) and a second camera mounting bracket (7.2) that can be moved and adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom. The infrared thermal imager is located above the second camera mounting bracket and is arranged on one side of the composite material.

8. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical monitoring device (6) comprises an optical microscope (6.1), a bracket, a first camera mounting bracket (6.3) that can be moved and adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, an optical slider (6.4), and an optical slide rail (6.5), wherein the optical slider (6.4) is arranged on the optical slide rail (6.5), the first camera mounting bracket (6.3) is arranged on the optical slider (6.4), and the optical microscope (6.1) is arranged on the first camera mounting bracket (6.3) via the bracket.

9. The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field also includes a box (1), a loading device (4), an electric impact device (3), a magnetic field generating device (2) and a monitoring device (2) are all arranged in the box, and a draw hole is provided on the box for introducing liquid argon into the box.

10. An in-situ characterization device for composite material interface bonding performance in an electromagnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The composite material is clamped on a loading device (4), two conductive electrodes of an electric shock device (3) are connected to two ends of the composite material, and the magnetic field generating device (2) is moved to one side of the composite material; Positioning the resistance measuring device (5), the optical monitoring device (6), and the infrared monitoring device (7) at the measurement position of the composite material and starting them; According to a preset value, the magnetic field generating device (2), the electric shock device (3), and the loading device (4) are controlled to operate; The resistivity of the composite material before and after the experiment is measured by a resistance measuring device (5); the optical monitoring device (6) focuses on the composite material bonding interface to monitor in real time the microstructure changes of the composite material bonding interface during the electric shock of the coupled magnetic field; the infrared monitoring device (7) faces the copper-based rail composite material in the horizontal direction to collect the composite material surface temperature data in real time, display the composite material surface temperature changes in real time, and record the relevant measured data.

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