Establishment and application of cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of cigarette raw material evaluation digital model research, and particularly relates to establishment and application of a cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model. Specifically, characteristic raw materials are determined through sensory evaluation; analyzing the characteristic components of the cigars through a non-targeted test technology; determining a characteristic fragrance marker according to the dose-effect relationship between the fragrance substance and the style characteristic; and establishing a cigarette cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model. When judging whether one raw material has the cigar flavor characteristic or not, determining the content of the characteristic flavor marker, then substituting each content into the model for calculation to obtain a cigar style comprehensive evaluation score, and judging whether the raw material has the cigar flavor characteristic or not according to the comprehensive evaluation score.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the research field of digital models for evaluating cigarette raw materials, and in particular relates to the establishment and application of a cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model. Background Art

[0002] Cigar-flavored cigarettes refer to cigarettes with obvious cigar aroma in the smoke. They have the characteristic cigar aroma, such as strong aroma, strong taste, and strong kick, and the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, such as soft taste and low irritation. They are a special type of flue-cured tobacco. The cigar flavor characteristics are mainly reflected by the characteristic raw materials. However, in the evaluation of characteristic raw materials of cigarettes, there may be the following problems:

[0003] First, there is insufficient knowledge about raw materials: there is an incomplete understanding of the characteristics of special raw materials: we may only focus on some common appearance, physical and chemical properties, while ignoring other characteristic substances that may potentially affect the flavor and quality of cigarettes.

[0004] Second, the evaluation is highly subjective: the current evaluation process relies more on the experience and subjective judgment of experts and lacks objective and quantitative evaluation standards, resulting in insufficient reliability and stability of the evaluation results.

[0005] Third, conventional evaluation methods have limitations: often only one or a few evaluation methods are used, such as chemical analysis, sensory evaluation, etc., and these methods each have their own limitations and cannot fully reflect the comprehensive performance of raw materials.

[0006] Fourth, the digital level of evaluation technology is limited: Currently, in the field of special raw material evaluation, technological innovation is relatively lagging behind, lacking new evaluation technologies and methods, which is time-consuming and costly, affecting the efficiency and accuracy of evaluation work and making it difficult to meet the ever-changing market needs. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a model for the establishment and application of a raw material evaluation model for cigar flavor characteristics. According to the evaluation model, the content of characteristic aroma markers in raw material samples to be evaluated is detected, the detection value is input into the model, and the comprehensive evaluation score of the cigar style is calculated according to the model. According to the comprehensive evaluation score, it is determined whether the raw material has cigar flavor characteristics.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The establishment of the evaluation model of cigar flavor characteristics raw materials adopts the following steps:

[0010] S1. Determine the characteristic raw materials through sensory evaluation;

[0011] S2. Analyze the characteristic components of cigars through non-targeted testing technology;

[0012] S3. Determine characteristic aroma markers based on the dose-effect relationship between aroma substances and style characteristics;

[0013] S4. Establish an evaluation model for raw materials with distinctive flavor characteristics for cigarettes and cigars.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific steps of determining the characteristic raw materials through sensory evaluation are: sensory evaluation of the N kinds of raw material samples collected, scoring the evaluation results according to the set cigar style indicators, and arranging them from high to low according to the scores.

[0015] Furthermore, the set cigar style index includes one or more of characteristic intensity, aroma quality, aroma volume, and characteristic aroma.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific steps of analyzing the characteristic components of cigars by non-targeted testing technology are as follows:

[0017] The M raw material samples with the highest scores in step S1 are selected for key aroma substance analysis, and the aroma components of the core raw materials of cigar-flavored cigarettes are analyzed by gas chromatography-olfaction-mass spectrometry and aroma activity value method.

[0018] Furthermore, the key aroma substance analysis method is to analyze the raw material samples, and make a comprehensive comparison of the aroma substance quantity, type, physicochemical properties, aroma substance dominance and difficulty of pre-treatment operation of the obtained aroma components, and determine the analysis method of simultaneous distillation extraction combined with solid phase microextraction pre-treatment GCMS testing of key aroma substances in the core raw materials of cigar-flavored cigarettes.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, characteristic aroma markers are determined based on the dose-effect relationship between aroma substances and style characteristics. Specifically, the correlation between aroma components and cigar style characteristics is analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to determine the characteristic aroma markers.

[0020] An application of the cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model described in any one of the above items is used to evaluate the cigar flavor characteristic raw materials of cigarettes.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention adopts a highly sensitive instrumental analysis method to analyze the characteristic aroma components in the existing cigar flavor characteristic raw materials, determines the characteristic aroma markers from the correlation between the aroma components and the sensory quality through mathematical statistics methods, and uses regression analysis to establish the correlation between the characteristic aroma markers and the cigar style characteristic values, and establishes a model for judging the cigar flavor characteristic values. When judging whether a raw material has cigar flavor characteristics, it is necessary to determine the content of the characteristic aroma markers, and then bring each content into the model for calculation to obtain the cigar style comprehensive evaluation score. According to this value, it is judged whether the raw material has cigar flavor characteristics. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through examples. The following examples are merely exemplary and can only be used to explain and illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but cannot be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present invention.

[0024] The present application provides a method for establishing a cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model, using the following steps:

[0025] S1. Determine the characteristic raw materials through sensory evaluation:

[0026] In this example, 46 characteristic raw material samples were determined, involving 5 types of tobacco leaves, from Brazil and China, with the years between 2003 and 2020, and two sources were recommended by product formula and origin. The collected raw materials were subjected to sensory evaluation, and the evaluation results were scored according to indicators such as cigar style characteristic intensity, aroma quality, aroma volume, characteristic aroma, etc., to determine the correlation between the raw materials and the product cigar style.

[0027] S2. Analyze the characteristic components of cigars through non-targeted testing technology:

[0028] By analyzing the raw material samples analyzed by the six pretreatment methods with the highest scores in step S1, a comprehensive comparison was made on factors such as the number, type, physicochemical properties, degree of aroma substance dominance and difficulty of pretreatment operation of the obtained aroma components, and finally an analysis method for the key aroma substances of the core raw materials of cigar-flavored cigarettes using simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) combined with solid phase microextraction (SPME) pretreatment GCMS was determined.

[0029] The aroma components of the core raw materials of cigar-flavored cigarettes were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfaction-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and aroma activity value (OAV) methods.

[0030] S3. Determine characteristic aroma markers based on the dose-effect relationship between aroma substances and style characteristics:

[0031] The correlation between aroma components and cigar style characteristics was analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and 12 characteristic aroma markers including esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and heterocyclics were determined. And by establishing the correlation between key aroma substances and the intensity of cigar tobacco style characteristics, smoke characteristics and cigar flavor cigarette product style, 12 key aroma substances were determined, including 5 esters, 3 alcohols, 2 aldehydes and ketones, 1 olefin and 1 heterocyclic. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is a supervised multivariate discriminant analysis statistical method that can be used to evaluate key characteristic difference substances. The OPLS-DA internal two-way discriminant analysis was performed on the volatile aroma substances of different cigar tobacco leaves treated with SDE samples, and the fitting index (Q2) was greater than 0.5, indicating that the model verification was effective, indicating that the model is reliable and there is no overfitting phenomenon.

[0032] The variable importance factor (VIP) indicates the contribution of volatile aroma components to the sample. There are 12 volatile aroma components with VIP values ​​greater than 1. These 12 aroma substances serve as characteristic aroma markers of cigar tobacco leaves.

[0033] S4. Establishment of a raw material evaluation model for cigarette and cigar flavor characteristics:

[0034] Based on the quantitative-effect relationship between 12 characteristic aroma markers and cigar flavor characteristics, the principal component analysis (PCA) method of SPSS software was used to extract factors from the 12 characteristic aroma markers of cigar-style cigarette raw material samples. According to the KMO and Bartlett's tests, the KMO value was 0.686, which was greater than 0.6, indicating that there was a correlation between the variables; the significant value in the Bartlett sphericity test was 0.000, which was less than 0.001, indicating that this group of data was suitable for principal component analysis. When the cumulative contribution rate of the principal component reached more than 90%, it can be considered that the extracted variables are relatively good, so the first 4 variables were selected for processing.

[0035] In the component matrix a, remove the variables with correlation coefficient less than 0.5, extract the 4 groups of principal components, and generate 4 new explanatory variables F1, F2, F3, and F4. The calculation result of the comprehensive score F according to the weight is as follows:

[0036] F=0.387*F1 + 0.239*F2 +0.237*F3 + 0.136*F4 ,

[0037] According to the evaluation of the comprehensive function F, the higher the score of the calculated comprehensive score, the greater the cigar flavor is, and the explanatory power is 87.869%.

[0038] Based on the above evaluation model, this application forms a method for evaluating the flavor characteristics of cigarette and cigar raw materials:

[0039] A “three-step plan” for evaluating cigar flavor raw materials was constructed, with pre-treatment, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and model comprehensive scoring as the core.

[0040] After the aroma components in the raw material samples are extracted, the types and contents of characteristic aroma substances in the samples are measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The model is used to assign points, and the raw material is judged according to the score to determine whether it is a characteristic raw material for cigar-flavored cigarettes.

[0041] 1. Pre-treatment:

[0042] SPME: Weigh 2.0g of sample into a 20mL headspace bottle, seal with a pressure cap, insert the aged 50 / 30 μm DVB / CAR / PDMS extraction head above the headspace bottle liquid level, balance at 80℃ for 30min, and extract for 30min. After the extraction is completed, insert the 50 / 30 μm DVB / CAR / PDMS extraction head into the GC-MS injection port and desorb at 250℃ for 5min. SDE: Cut tobacco (placed in an oven and dried at 40℃ for 2h as appropriate) is crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Accurately weigh 20g of tobacco powder into a 1000mL round-bottom flask, add 600mL of distilled water; add 40mL of dichloromethane into a 250mL round-bottom flask, connect the flask to both ends of the simultaneous distillation extraction device, connect the condensed water, place the solvent bottle in a constant temperature water bath, maintain the temperature at 60℃, and extract for 2.5h. Collect the substance in the solvent bottle and the organic phase in the "U"-shaped tube, add anhydrous sodium sulfate to dry, and let stand overnight. Take the supernatant in a heart-shaped bottle and concentrate it to 1 mL using a rotary evaporator to obtain the extract.

[0043] 2. Sample determination:

[0044] Method conditions:

[0045] Inlet temperature: 250℃; programmed temperature: 60℃, hold for 1 min, increase from 60℃ to 250℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, hold for 0 min, a total of 64.33 min; carrier gas: He, 1.5mL / min; injection volume: 1uL; splitless injection; transfer line temperature: 260℃; solvent delay time: 0min; ion source temperature: 230℃; electron voltage: 70 eV; scanning range: 33-450amu.

[0046] 3. Determination method and result processing:

[0047] The internal standard method was used to compare and analyze the characteristic aroma substances of the core raw materials obtained with the determined characteristic aroma substances, and the types and contents of the characteristic aroma substances contained in each sample were clearly collected, as shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Contents of 12 characteristic markers in samples

[0049]

[0050] 4. Model calculation and scoring:

[0051] The raw material samples are scored using the aforementioned evaluation model, and the higher the comprehensive score, the more pronounced the cigar flavor is.

[0052] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Establishment of a cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model, characterized in that: Use the following steps: S1. Determine the characteristic raw materials through sensory evaluation; S2. Analyze the characteristic components of cigars through non-targeted testing technology; S3. Determine characteristic aroma markers based on the dose-effect relationship between aroma substances and style characteristics; S4. Establish an evaluation model for raw materials with distinctive flavor characteristics for cigarettes and cigars.

2. The establishment of the cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the specific steps of determining the characteristic raw materials through sensory evaluation are: sensory evaluation of the N kinds of raw material samples collected, scoring the evaluation results according to the set cigar style indicators, and arranging them from high to low according to the scores.

3. The establishment of the cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The set cigar style indicators include one or more of characteristic intensity, aroma quality, aroma volume, and characteristic aroma.

4. The establishment of the cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the specific steps of analyzing the characteristic components of cigars by non-targeted testing technology are as follows: The M raw material samples with the highest scores in step S1 are selected for key aroma substance analysis, and the aroma components of the core raw materials of cigar-flavored cigarettes are analyzed by gas chromatography-olfaction-mass spectrometry and aroma activity value method.

5. The establishment of the evaluation model of cigar flavor characteristic raw materials according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The key aroma substance analysis method is to analyze the raw material samples, and make a comprehensive comparison of the aroma substance quantity, type, physicochemical properties, aroma substance dominance and difficulty of pre-treatment operation of the obtained aroma components, and determine the analysis method of simultaneous distillation extraction combined with solid phase microextraction pre-treatment GCMS testing of key aroma substances in the core raw materials of cigar-flavored cigarettes.

6. The establishment of the cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, characteristic aroma markers are determined based on the dose-effect relationship between aroma substances and style characteristics. Specifically, the correlation between aroma components and cigar style characteristics is analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to determine the characteristic aroma markers.

7. An application, characterized in that: The cigar flavor characteristic raw material evaluation model according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used to evaluate the cigar flavor characteristic raw materials of cigarettes.

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