Neck model for thyroid puncture guided by B ultrasound and preparation method of neck model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of teaching display, in particular to a B ultrasonic guided thyroid puncture neck model and a preparation method thereof. Comprising muscles (1), a common carotid artery (2), a thyroid gland (3), a trachea (4), an esophagus (5), a spine (6) and a neck (7). The muscle (1), the common carotid artery (2), the thyroid gland (3), the trachea (4), the esophagus (5) and the spine (6) are embedded in the neck (7); the thyroid gland (3) and the esophagus (5) are fixed to the two sides of the trachea (4), the common carotid artery (2) penetrates through the thyroid gland (3), the spine (6) and the trachea (4) are fixed to the two sides of the esophagus (5), and the muscles (1) are distributed around the common carotid artery (2), the thyroid gland (3), the trachea (4), the esophagus (5) and the spine (6). The device can be used for a neck model for thyroid puncture under the guidance of B ultrasonic waves, and can also be used for simulating ablation treatment after thyroid puncture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of teaching display, and in particular to a neck model for thyroid puncture guided by B-ultrasound and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Thyroid cancer is a common malignant tumor in the endocrine system. Its incidence rate in my country has exceeded 1 in 10,000, ranking seventh among all malignant tumors. The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines pointed out that ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) plays a key role in the treatment of thyroid nodules due to its safety and accuracy. Given the technical challenges of FNAB and the complex structure around the thyroid gland, strengthening FNAB training is crucial to improving the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN114822198A discloses a thyroid fine needle puncture training model and its production method, which is made into a model by preparing raw materials, making a thyroid model (inserting a thin test tube filled with water and a thick test tube into konjac) and making a soft tissue model (dissolving gelatin and corn starch in warm water to obtain a gelatin-corn starch mixture, which is poured into a mold box). However, the invention is quite different from the shape, appearance and size of the real human thyroid gland, and cannot reproduce the actual operation scene well; secondly, the model is not easy to preserve, has a short lifespan, and is easy to mold. Chinese invention patents CN 111462603 B, CN 118645036A and CN 118918764A propose thyroid simulation equipment, but the overall carrying is inconvenient and needs to be reassembled and connected. In addition, the realism of the puncture is quite different from the real puncture, and the cost is also high, which is a great pain point for medical students and young doctors. Summary of the invention

[0004] The first aspect of the present invention provides a neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture, comprising: muscles, common carotid arteries, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, spine, and neck; the muscles, common carotid arteries, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, and spine are all embedded inside the neck; the thyroid gland and esophagus are fixed on both sides of the trachea, the common carotid artery runs through below the thyroid gland, the spine and trachea are fixed on both sides of the esophagus, and the muscles are distributed around the common carotid artery, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, and spine.

[0005] The thyroid gland is filled with nodules, and the raw materials for preparing the nodules include hydrogel, inorganic additives, organic solvents and reaction accelerators.

[0006] The raw materials for preparing the trachea and esophagus include at least one of polyurethane, nylon, silicone and latex.

[0007] The raw materials for preparing the muscle and thyroid gland include hydrogel and filler.

[0008] The raw materials for preparing the common carotid artery include hydrogel and organic solvent.

[0009] Preferably, the organic solvent comprises glycerol and / or ethylene glycol.

[0010] The preparation material of the neck includes hydrogel.

[0011] The filler includes at least one of silicon oxide, hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and cerium oxide.

[0012] The raw materials for preparing the hydrogel include water-soluble polymer, monomer, cross-linking agent, initiator, accelerator and water.

[0013] The weight ratio of the high molecular polymer to water is (0.03-0.48):1, and the weight ratio of the monomer to water is (0.05-0.92):1.

[0014] The applicant has found that limiting the weight ratio of high molecular polymer to water to (0.03-0.48):1, and the weight ratio of monomer to water to (0.05-0.92):1, can make the water content of the model close to the natural state of human tissue, provide more realistic touch and mechanical properties, and at the same time have excellent flexibility and healing properties, so that it is not easy to be damaged during repeated use. Usually, when the water content of the hydrogel is close to the water content of the natural state of human tissue, excessive water content leads to poor mechanical properties. It may be through the cross-linking entanglement between specific monomer polymerization and polymer chains, which increases the interaction force between chain segments and thus improves the mechanical properties. Further research has found that the water-soluble polymer includes polyvinyl alcohol, and the monomer includes methyl methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine and / or sulfomethylated lignin, which can improve the stability between internal structures by adjusting the hardness between different structures, while meeting the accuracy of recognition between ultrasonic images.

[0015] Preferably, the weight ratio of the water-soluble polymer to water is (0.06-0.3):1, and the weight ratio of the monomer to water is (0.12-0.48):1.

[0016] The water-soluble polymer includes at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin, chitosan, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, acetylated hyaluronic acid and starch.

[0017] Preferably, the water-soluble polymer includes at least one of hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0018] More preferably, the water-soluble polymer includes polyvinyl alcohol.

[0019] The monomer includes at least one of sulfomethylated lignin, sodium methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene-ethylene glycol-phenyl ether acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, polyethylene glycol, and methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine.

[0020] Preferably, the monomer includes at least one of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylamide, ethyl sulfobetaine, sulfomethylated lignin, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

[0021] Further preferably, the monomer comprises methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine and / or sulfomethylated lignin.

[0022] The crosslinking agent includes at least one of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0023] Preferably, the cross-linking agent includes at least one of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0024] The initiator includes at least one of benzoyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate, sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate.

[0025] Preferably, the initiator includes at least one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite.

[0026] The accelerator includes at least one of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, triethylenetetramine, tetramethylphenylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine, and tetramethylethylenediamine.

[0027] The raw materials for preparing the spinal column model are one or more of Somos 9120, Somos 10122, Godart 8118 general material, 9400E photosensitive resin and polylactic acid.

[0028] Preferably, the spinal column model is made of one of Somos 10122, 9400E photosensitive resin and polylactic acid.

[0029] Preferably, the amount of the initiator is 0.05-5% of the total molar amount of the monomers, the amount of the crosslinker is 0.04-3% of the total molar amount of the monomers, and the amount of the accelerator is 0.03-3% of the total mass of the hydrogel.

[0030] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the hydrogel also include pigments, and the pigments are flesh-colored pigments purchased from one or two of the Qingzhu Art Materials Store, Simu Flagship Store, Montmartre Flagship Store, and Maliqicai Store on Taobao Mall.

[0031] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a neck model for thyroid puncture guided by B-ultrasound, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1, mixing the raw materials for preparing the nodules, reacting and curing to obtain the nodules; respectively preparing the raw materials for the trachea and esophagus by 3D printing to obtain the trachea and esophagus; fixing the trachea, esophagus and spine in a mold of the neck model;

[0033] S2, fixing the nodule inside the thyroid mold, adding the raw materials for preparing the thyroid and mixing them evenly, and solidifying and molding to obtain the thyroid with the nodule inside;

[0034] S3, fixing the thyroid gland containing the nodule in the mold of the neck model, and then fixing the muscle support and the common carotid artery support in the mold of the neck model, and then adding the preparation raw materials of the neck, and curing, and after curing, taking out the muscle support and the common carotid artery support to obtain the neck model containing the muscle model cavity and the common carotid artery model cavity;

[0035] S4, mixing the raw materials for preparing the muscle and the common carotid artery, and injecting them into the muscle model cavity and the common carotid artery model cavity respectively, and after solidification, removing the mold to obtain the neck model.

[0036] Beneficial Effects

[0037] 1. The model provided in this application can be used as a neck model for thyroid puncture under B-ultrasound guidance, and can also be used to simulate ablation treatment after thyroid puncture.

[0038] 2. The model provided in this application can solve the problems of existing thyroid models such as lack of realism, high price, and complex equipment operation.

[0039] 3. The model provided in this application can be used for repeated puncture and has certain self-healing properties; in addition, an ablation needle can be used to ablate the lesion, and the ultrasonic echo can be seen to gradually increase during the ablation process.

[0040] 4. The weight ratio of polymer to water is limited to (0.03-0.48):1, and the weight ratio of monomer to water is limited to (0.05-0.92):1, so that the water content of the model is close to the natural state of human tissue, providing more realistic touch and mechanical properties, while having excellent flexibility and healing properties, making it not easily damaged during repeated use.

[0041] 5. The water-soluble polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol, and the monomer comprises methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine and / or

[0042] Or sulfomethylated lignin, which can improve the stability of internal structures by adjusting the hardness between different structures, while meeting the accuracy of recognition between ultrasonic images. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is the appearance diagram of the neck model for thyroid puncture in Example 1.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the neck model for thyroid puncture in Example 1.

[0045] Figure 3 This is an analysis diagram of the neck model for thyroid puncture in Example 1.

[0046] Figure 4 This is the B-ultrasound image of the neck model of thyroid puncture in Example 1.

[0047] Figure 5 This is the B-ultrasound image of the neck model of thyroid puncture in Example 1.

[0048] Figure 6 This is the B-ultrasound image of the neck model of thyroid puncture in Example 1.

[0049] Among them, 1. muscles; 2. common carotid artery; 3. thyroid gland; 4. trachea; 5. esophagus; 6. spine; 7. neck. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes: muscles 1, common carotid artery 2, thyroid gland 3, trachea 4, esophagus 5, spine 6, and neck 7; the muscles 1, common carotid artery 2, thyroid gland 3, trachea 4, esophagus 5, and spine 6 are all embedded in the neck 7; the thyroid gland 3 and esophagus 5 are fixed on both sides of the trachea 4, the common carotid artery 2 runs through the bottom of the thyroid gland 3, the spine 6 and trachea 4 are fixed on both sides of the esophagus 5, and the muscles 1 are distributed around the common carotid artery 2, thyroid gland 3, trachea 4, esophagus 5, and spine 6.

[0052] A method for preparing a neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1, preparing the trachea 4 and the esophagus 5 by 3D printing respectively; fixing the trachea 4, the esophagus 5 and the spine 6 in a mold of a neck model;

[0054] S2, fix the thyroid gland 3 containing the nodule in the mold of the neck model, then fix the muscle support and the common carotid artery support in the mold of the neck model, then add the preparation materials of the neck 7 and solidify them. After solidification, take out the muscle support and the common carotid artery support to obtain a neck model containing a muscle model cavity and a common carotid artery model cavity.

[0055] S3, the raw materials of muscle 1 and common carotid artery 2 are mixed, and poured into the muscle model cavity and the common carotid artery model cavity respectively. After solidification, the hydrogel solution E is added to the bottom of the neck mold to seal the internal structure so that it is in a structurally sealed state, and then placed in a -20℃ freezer for 18h, and taken out to thaw. Figure 1 Neck model shown.

[0056] Among them, the preparation of the hydrogel: 120g of methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine monomer is mixed with 1200g of purified water, and stirred until completely dissolved; then 600mg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker and 400mg of potassium persulfate initiator are added to the solution in sequence, and ultrasonic stirring is performed until completely dissolved; then 1200g of 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble polymer aqueous solution is added, and the pigment purchased from the Qingzhu painting materials store on Taobao Mall is added to adjust its color to be close to the skin color to obtain a hydrogel solution.

[0057] The prepared hydrogel solution was divided into 4 parts, namely, hydrogel solution A (20 g), hydrogel solution B (35 g), hydrogel solution C (1700 g), hydrogel solution D (400 g) and the remaining hydrogel solution E.

[0058] Preparation of nodules: Take hydrogel solution A and divide it into two parts, A1 and A2. Add 200 mg of zinc oxide to A1 and stir thoroughly. Add 250 μL of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine and mix well. Then react at 45°C for 1 hour to obtain nodule 1. Add 0.5 g of ethylene glycol and 0.5 g of propylene glycol to A2, then add 120 uL of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine and mix well. Then react at 45°C for 0.5 hour to obtain nodule 2.

[0059] Preparation of thyroid gland 3 containing nodules: 350 mg of zinc oxide was added to the hydrogel solution B and stirred thoroughly. After the solution was evenly mixed, it was poured into a thyroid gland mold and placed in 45° C. for curing for 0.5 h to obtain thyroid gland 3 containing nodules inside.

[0060] Preparation of the muscle 1: 1 g of zinc oxide powder and 1.8 mL of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine were added to the hydrogel solution D and mixed evenly.

[0061] Preparation of the common carotid artery 2: 5 g of a 10 wt % gelatin aqueous solution and 2 g of glycerol were mixed.

[0062] Preparation of the neck 7: Add the hydrogel solution C into the mold and place it in a mold at 45° C. for 3 hours to solidify.

[0063] The trachea 4 and the esophagus 5 are made of nylon 66.

[0064] The spine 6 is made of the resin material Somos 10122.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture, same as that in Example 1.

[0067] A method for preparing a neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1, preparing the trachea 4 and the esophagus 5 by 3D printing respectively; fixing the trachea 4, the esophagus 5 and the spine 6 in a mold of a neck model;

[0069] S2, fix the thyroid gland 3 containing the nodule in the mold of the neck model, then fix the muscle support and the common carotid artery support in the mold of the neck model, then add the preparation materials of the neck 7 and solidify them. After solidification, take out the muscle support and the common carotid artery support to obtain a neck model containing a muscle model cavity and a common carotid artery model cavity.

[0070] S3, mix the raw materials of muscle 1 and common carotid artery 2, and inject them into the muscle model and common carotid artery model respectively. After solidification, add hydrogel solution E to the bottom of the neck mold to seal the internal structure so that it is in a structurally sealed state, and then put it into a -20℃ freezer for 18h, take it out and thaw it to obtain the neck model.

[0071] Among them, the preparation of the hydrogel: 120g of sulfomethylated lignin monomer is mixed with 1600g of purified water, and stirred until completely dissolved; then 500mg of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker and 300mg of potassium persulfate initiator are added to the solution in sequence, and ultrasonic stirring is performed until completely dissolved; then 900g of 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble polymer aqueous solution is added, and the pigment purchased from the Qingzhu painting materials store on Taobao Mall is added to adjust its color to be close to the skin color to obtain a hydrogel solution.

[0072] The prepared hydrogel solution was divided into 4 parts, namely, hydrogel solution A (20 g), hydrogel solution B (35 g), hydrogel solution C (1700 g), hydrogel solution D (400 g) and the remaining hydrogel solution E.

[0073] Preparation of nodules: Take hydrogel solution A and divide it into two parts, A1 and A2. Add 200 mg of zinc oxide to A1 and stir thoroughly. Add 200 μL of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine and mix well. Then react at 45°C for 1 hour to obtain nodule 1. First add 0.5 g of ethylene glycol and 0.5 g of propylene glycol to A2, then add 100 uL of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine and mix well. Then react at 35°C for 0.5 hour to obtain nodule 2.

[0074] Preparation of thyroid gland 3 containing nodules: 350 mg of zinc oxide was added to the hydrogel solution B and stirred thoroughly. After the solution was evenly mixed, it was poured into a thyroid gland mold and placed in a 60° C. solidification for 1 hour to obtain a thyroid gland 3 containing nodules inside.

[0075] Preparation of the muscle 1: Add 1 g of zinc oxide powder and 2 mL of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine into the hydrogel solution D and mix well.

[0076] Preparation of the common carotid artery 2: 5 g of a 10 wt % gelatin aqueous solution and 2 g of glycerol were mixed.

[0077] Preparation of the neck 7: Add the hydrogel solution C into the mold and place it in a mold at 45° C. for 3 hours to solidify.

[0078] The trachea 4 and the esophagus 5 are made of nylon 66.

[0079] The spine 6 is made of the resin material Somos 10122.

[0080] Performance Testing Methods

[0081] The neck model of thyroid puncture prepared in Example 1 was used to demonstrate the B-ultrasound imaging effect. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the right lobe of the thyroid gland is clearly displayed, and part of the common carotid artery is encircled. Figure 5 As shown in Figure 1, a clear image of the thyroid nodule is shown. Figure 6 As shown, a clear image of the superficial muscle tissue is displayed.

Claims

1. A neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture, characterized in that: include: Muscle (1), common carotid artery (2), thyroid gland (3), trachea (4), esophagus (5), spine (6), neck (7); the muscles (1), common carotid artery (2), thyroid gland (3), trachea (4), esophagus (5), spine (6) are all embedded in the neck (7); the thyroid gland (3) and esophagus (5) are fixed on both sides of the trachea (4), the common carotid artery (2) runs through the bottom of the thyroid gland (3), the spine (6) and trachea (4) are distributed on both sides of the esophagus (5), and the muscles (1) are distributed around the common carotid artery (2), thyroid gland (3), trachea (4), esophagus (5), and spine (6).

2. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thyroid gland (3) is filled with nodules, and the raw materials for preparing the nodules include hydrogel, inorganic additives, organic solvents and reaction accelerators.

3. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the trachea (4) and the esophagus (5) include at least one of polyurethane, nylon, silicone and latex.

4. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 3, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the muscle (1) and the thyroid gland (3) include hydrogel and filler.

5. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the common carotid artery (2) include hydrogel and organic solvent.

6. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The raw material for preparing the neck (7) includes hydrogel.

7. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filler includes at least one of silicon oxide, hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and cerium oxide.

8. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the hydrogel include water-soluble polymer, monomer, cross-linking agent, initiator, accelerator and water.

9. The neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water-soluble polymer includes at least one of hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol.

10. A method for preparing a neck model for B-ultrasound-guided thyroid puncture according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing the raw materials for preparing the nodules, reacting and curing to obtain the nodules; respectively preparing the raw materials for the trachea (4) and the esophagus (5) by 3D printing to obtain the trachea (4) and the esophagus (5); fixing the trachea (4), the esophagus (5) and the spine (6) in a mold of the neck model; S2, fixing the nodule inside the thyroid mold, adding the raw materials for preparing the thyroid (3) and mixing them evenly, and solidifying and molding to obtain the thyroid (3) containing the nodule inside; S3, fixing the thyroid gland (3) containing the nodule in the mold of the neck model, then fixing the muscle support and the common carotid artery support in the mold of the neck model, then adding the preparation raw materials of the neck (7), and curing, and after curing, removing the muscle support and the common carotid artery support to obtain a neck model containing a muscle model cavity and a common carotid artery model cavity; S4, mixing the raw materials of the muscle (1) and the common carotid artery (2), respectively pouring them into the muscle model cavity and the common carotid artery model cavity, and after solidification, removing the mold to obtain a neck model with an internal structure.

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