Oscillator and slot-loaded tapered slot antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses an oscillator and slot-loaded tapered slot antenna, and belongs to the field of wireless communication and radar. Wherein the oscillator arm of the upper pole plate and the oscillator arm of the lower pole plate jointly form an oscillator radiator, a closed inner gap is formed in the slot line arm, the inner gap of the upper pole plate and the inner gap of the lower pole plate jointly form an oscillator gap radiator, and the oscillator arms and the slot line arm define a semi-closed conductor ring radiator; the resonant oscillator radiator, the oscillator slot radiator and the conductor ring radiator are loaded to the traveling wave type tapered slot antenna for expanding the working frequency band of the antenna. According to the broadband tapered slot antenna, multiple working modes can be generated, the weight of the antenna is reduced, and meanwhile the problems that the electrical size of the broadband tapered slot antenna is relatively large, and standing waves of individual frequency points in a passband are large when the bandwidth is very wide are solved; meanwhile, the antenna has a guiding effect on a loading vibrator, and the low-frequency gain is improved; the antenna is small in size, and meanwhile it can be guaranteed that the antenna has good standing wave and radiation performance at low frequency and broadband.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication and radar, and specifically relates to an antenna technology for broadband wireless transmission, in particular to a gradient slot line antenna loaded with an oscillator and a slot. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, antennas, as key components in wireless systems, must meet increasingly complex working requirements, including broadband operation, high efficiency, miniaturization and versatility. At present, antennas can be divided into two categories: traveling wave antennas and harmonic antennas according to the transmission mode of the excitation current.

[0003] A traveling wave antenna is a type of antenna in which electric current is transmitted and radiated along the antenna structure. It has a wide operating bandwidth and can cover multiple octaves. However, the electrical size of a traveling wave antenna is large, especially when operating in low frequency bands. The actual physical size may not meet the requirements of portability or miniaturization. A resonant antenna is a type of antenna in which electric current is distributed and radiated in the form of standing waves on the antenna structure. Its operating wavelength is usually several times the length of the resonator. Its advantages lie in its small electrical size and compact structure, but its relatively narrow operating bandwidth limits its scope of application.

[0004] As a typical resonant antenna, the total length of a dipole antenna is usually half of the working wavelength; while the structure of a slot antenna is usually considered to be the dual form of a dipole antenna. Currently, the use of resonant antennas and traveling wave antennas is usually independent of each other, and the functional integration of the two has not yet been effectively achieved.

[0005] The tapered slot antenna is a traveling wave antenna that optimizes wave propagation and radiation characteristics through a tapered design. However, when the tapered slot antenna operates in a lower frequency band, its physical size increases due to its large electrical size, which brings significant challenges to the design and use of the antenna. Usually, in order to reduce the weight of the antenna, the method of cutting off the area with weaker current on the tapered slot antenna plate is adopted. However, this structural adjustment may introduce edge reflection effects, resulting in higher standing waves at certain frequency points in the passband, seriously affecting the performance of the antenna, especially when working in a broadband. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna, combining resonant and traveling wave radiation structures to achieve antenna miniaturization, broadband performance and high gain optimization.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dipole and slot-loaded gradient slot antenna, comprising an upper pole plate and a lower pole plate, wherein the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate are made of conductors and have symmetrical shapes and the same size, respectively constituting two pole plates of the antenna, characterized in that the upper pole plate comprises a substrate, a dipole arm and a slot line arm, wherein:

[0008] The dipole arm of the upper plate and the dipole arm of the lower plate together form a dipole radiator;

[0009] The slot line arm of the upper pole plate and the slot line arm of the lower pole plate together form two pole plates of the tapered slot line antenna, a closed inner gap is provided inside the slot line arm, and the inner gap of the upper pole plate and the inner gap of the lower pole plate together form a dipole gap radiator;

[0010] A parallel gap and a gap with a gradually changing width are provided between the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate, and both gaps are open at both ends, wherein: the parallel gap has a constant width, and one end is connected to the port of the antenna, and the other end is connected to the gap with a gradually changing width, and the width of the gap with a gradually changing width gradually increases in a direction away from the parallel gap, and the widest part is a slot line opening;

[0011] The dipole arm is inclined forward toward the slot opening direction, and the dipole tail end is close to the slot tail end of the slot arm. The dipole arm and the slot arm are mutually surrounded to form a semi-closed conductor ring, and the conductor ring constitutes a conductor ring radiator;

[0012] The resonant frequencies of the dipole radiator, dipole slot radiator and conductor ring radiator are combined and loaded into the tapered slot antenna to expand the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0013] In a further embodiment, one end of the vibrator arm is connected to the substrate, and the other end thereof gradually widens in the direction of the vibrator tail end, and the vibrator tail end is an open circuit; one end of the slot line arm is connected to the substrate, and the other end thereof gradually widens in the direction of the slot line tail end, and the slot line tail end is an open circuit;

[0014] There is electromagnetic coupling between the tail end of the vibrator and the tail end of the slot line, so that the resonance frequency can be adjusted.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the inner slot is configured as a long strip, with one end close to the port of the antenna and the other end extending toward the tail end of the slot line, and the width and length of the inner slot are adjustable to change the resonant frequency of the oscillator slot radiator.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the sum of the length of the gradient width gap and the length of the vertical edge of the slot line is greater than one-third of the maximum operating wavelength of the antenna; the sum of the length of the dipole arm and the length of the vertical edge of the slot line is greater than one-sixth of the maximum operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the width of the parallel slots is smaller than the lowest operating wavelength of the antenna, so as to make the input impedance at the port of the antenna 50 ohms;

[0018] The largest length of the parallel slots is greater than one seventieth of the lowest working wavelength of the antenna.

[0019] In a further embodiment, the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate are mounted on a dielectric substrate and are located on the same plane of the dielectric substrate, and a mounting carrier is provided for the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the slot line arm is located in front of the dipole arm, the length of the dipole arm is greater than the length of the slot line arm, and the slot line arm has a guiding effect on the dipole arm, thereby improving the frequency band gain of the antenna within the passband.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the width and length of the dipole arm are adjustable, so as to change the resonance frequency of the dipole radiator.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the distance between the tail end of the dipole and the tail end of the slot line is adjustable, which can change the size of the coupling capacitor and the resonant frequency of the conductor loop antenna. At the same time, changing the length of the conductor loop can change the resonant frequency of the conductor loop radiator.

[0023] In a further embodiment, the gradual change manner of the width of the gradual change width gap is adjustable, so that the gradual change manner of the width of the gradual change width gap can be changed according to the working band frequency requirements.

[0024] Beneficial effect: By integrating the proposed vibrator and slot loaded tapered slot antenna into various forms of radiation structures such as traveling wave tapered slot, resonant vibrator and slot, a variety of working modes are generated, and while reducing the weight of the antenna, the problem of relatively large electrical size of the wide-band tapered slot antenna and large standing waves at individual frequency points in the passband when the bandwidth is very wide is solved; at the same time, the antenna in the present invention also has a guiding effect on the loaded vibrator, thereby improving the low-frequency gain; the antenna is small in size and can ensure good standing wave and radiation performance at low frequencies and wide bands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure numerals: 1. dielectric substrate; 2. upper electrode; 21. substrate; 22. vibrator arm; 221. vertical edge of vibrator; 222. tail end of vibrator; 23. slot arm; 231. vertical edge of slot; 232. tail end of slot; 233. inner gap; 24. parallel gap; 25. gap with gradual width; 251. slot opening; 26. port; 27. conductor ring; 3. lower electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described.

[0028] In order to solve the problem of large electrical size of the tapered slot antenna and reduce the weight of the antenna while solving the problem of large standing waves at individual frequency points in the passband when the bandwidth is very wide, the present invention provides a tapered slot line antenna loaded with an oscillator and a slot. By combining resonant and traveling wave radiation structures and integrating multiple radiation structures, the antenna is miniaturized, and the optimization of wide-band performance and high gain is achieved, and the antenna can be applied to various radio application scenarios such as communication, radar, and navigation.

[0029] See also Figure 1 The dipole and slot-loaded gradient slot antenna provided by the present invention comprises a dielectric substrate 1, an upper pole plate 2 and a lower pole plate 3. The dielectric substrate 1 is used to provide a mounting carrier for the upper pole plate 2 and the lower pole plate 3. The upper pole plate 2 and the lower pole plate 3 are fixed on the dielectric substrate 1 and are located in the same plane on the dielectric substrate 1. The upper pole plate 2 and the lower pole plate 3 are composed of conductors and have symmetrical shapes and the same size, respectively constituting two pole plates of the antenna.

[0030] Specifically, the upper electrode plate 2 includes a substrate 21, a vibrator arm 22 and a slot line arm 23, wherein:

[0031] The dipole arm 22 of the upper plate 2 and the dipole arm 22 of the lower plate 3 together form a dipole radiator;

[0032] The slot line arm 23 of the upper pole plate 2 and the slot line arm 23 of the lower pole plate 3 together form two pole plates of the tapered slot line antenna, and a closed inner slot 233 is provided inside the slot line arm 23. The inner slot 233 of the upper pole plate 2 and the inner slot 233 of the lower pole plate 3 together form a dipole slot radiator;

[0033] A parallel gap 24 and a gap 25 with a gradually changing width are provided between the upper electrode plate 2 and the lower electrode plate 3. Both gaps are open at both ends, wherein: the parallel gap 24 has a constant width, and one end is connected to the port 26 of the antenna, and the other end is connected to the gap 25 with a gradually changing width. The width of the gap 25 with a gradually changing width gradually increases in a direction away from the parallel gap 24, and the widest part is the slot opening 251;

[0034] The dipole arm 22 is tilted forward toward the slot opening 251, and its dipole tail end 222 is close to the slot tail end 232 of the slot arm 23. The dipole arm 22 and the slot arm 23 are mutually surrounded to form a semi-closed conductor ring 27, and the conductor ring 27 constitutes a conductor ring 27 radiator;

[0035] The resonant frequencies of the dipole radiator, the dipole slot radiator and the conductor ring 27 radiator are combined and loaded into the tapered slot antenna to expand the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0036] Continue reading Figure 1 One end of the vibrator arm 22 is connected to the substrate 21, and the other end gradually widens in the direction of the vibrator tail end 222, and the vibrator tail end 222 is an open circuit; one end of the slot line arm 23 is connected to the substrate 21, and the other end gradually widens in the direction of the slot line tail end 232, and the slot line tail end 232 is an open circuit; there is electromagnetic coupling between the vibrator tail end 222 and the slot line tail end 232, so that the resonant frequency can be adjusted.

[0037] The inner slot 233 is configured to be in a strip shape, with one end close to the antenna port 26 and the other end extending toward the slot line tail end 232 .

[0038] The sum of the length of the gradual width gap 25 and the length of the vertical edge 231 of the slot line is greater than one-third of the maximum working wavelength of the antenna; the sum of the length of the dipole arm 22 and the length of the vertical edge 231 of the slot line is greater than one-sixth of the maximum working wavelength of the antenna.

[0039] The width of the parallel slot 24 is smaller than the lowest working wavelength of the antenna, so as to make the input impedance at the port 26 of the antenna 50 ohms; the maximum length of the parallel slot 24 is larger than one seventieth of the lowest working wavelength of the antenna.

[0040] As a preferred solution, the length of the dipole arm 22 is greater than the length of the slot line arm 23, and the slot line arm 23 has a guiding effect on the dipole arm 22, thereby improving the frequency band gain of the antenna in the passband.

[0041] In the present invention, the width and length of the dipole arm 22 can be adjusted. Changing the width and length of the dipole arm 22 can change the resonance frequency of the dipole radiator.

[0042] The distance between the vibrator tail end 222 and the slot line tail end 232 is adjustable. By adjusting the distance between the vibrator tail end 222 and the slot line tail end 232, the size of the coupling capacitor and the resonant frequency of the conductor loop 27 antenna can be changed; further, the length of the conductor loop 27 can be changed, and the resonant frequency of the conductor loop 27 radiator can be changed.

[0043] The width gradient of the gradient width gap 25 is adjustable, and the width gradient is determined according to the matching requirements within the working frequency band.

[0044] The width and length of the inner slot 233 are both adjustable. By changing the width and length of the inner slot 233, the resonant frequency of the oscillator slot radiator is changed.

[0045] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: In addition to the characteristics of the tapered slot antenna, the loaded dipole radiator, dipole slot radiator and conductor ring 27 radiator are all resonant radiators, which are loaded on the tapered slot antenna to generate at least three resonant radiation modes. Among them:

[0046] The first resonant radiation mode is a radiation mode generated by the vibrator arm 22. The current path of this mode is from the substrate 21 to the vibrator tail end 222, and a part of the path is on the substrate 21. This mode is approximately a quarter-wavelength resonant mode. The wider and longer the vibrator arm 22 is, the lower the resonant frequency of this mode is. The wider the vibrator is toward the vibrator tail end 222, the lower the resonant frequency is. The resonant frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling between the vibrator tail end 222 and the slot line tail end 232.

[0047] The second resonant radiation mode is a radiation mode generated by the conductor loop 27. The current path of this mode is along the inner edge of the conductor loop 27, and it is an approximately half-wavelength resonant mode.

[0048] The current path of the third resonant radiation mode is from the substrate 21 along the edges of the parallel gaps 24 and the gradient-width gaps 25 to the slot tail end 232, bypassing the inner gap 233 and returning to the substrate 21 from the slot tail end 232, and then from the substrate 21 to the vibrator tail end 222. This is a resonant mode with the longest current path. Due to the coupling between the two sides of the inner gap 233, the actual path length is lower than the geometric length. The wider the inner gap 233, the smaller the coupling, and the closer it is to the geometric length.

[0049] Among these three modes, the mode with higher resonant frequency is used to suppress the standing waves at individual frequency points caused by edge reflection in the passband, and the mode with lower resonant frequency is used to lower the low-frequency operating frequency of the antenna.

[0050] In an embodiment, when the maximum operating frequency of the antenna is relatively low, for example, lower than 2 GHz, a direct feeding connection method can be adopted, that is, the inner conductor of the external feed line connector is connected to the upper electrode 2 at the port 26 of the antenna, and the ground end of the external feed line connector is connected to the lower electrode 3 at the port 26 of the antenna; when the maximum operating frequency of the antenna is relatively high, for example, greater than 2 GHz, a broadband transition structure from microstrip to slot line parallel gap 24 can be adopted. At this time, the external feed line is first fed to the microstrip through the connector, and then fed to the antenna through the transition structure of the microstrip to the slot line.

[0051] It should be noted that one end of the slot line vertical edge 231 of the slot line arm 23 is connected to an edge constituting the gradient width gap 25 at the slot line opening 251, and an edge connected to the other end of the slot line vertical edge 231 and away from the parallel gap 24 is set as the slot line tail end 232; one end of the vibrator vertical edge 221 of the vibrator arm 22 is connected to an edge constituting the parallel gap 24 at the port 26, and an edge away from the vibrator vertical edge 221 and close to the slot line tail end 232 is set as the vibrator tail end 222.

[0052] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "in front of" or "behind" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact through another feature between them instead of being in direct contact. Moreover, the first feature being "in front of", "in front of" and "in front of" the second feature includes the first feature being directly in front of and obliquely in front of the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is vertically ahead of the second feature.

[0053] As described above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the present invention itself. Various changes may be made to it in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dipole and slot loaded gradient slot antenna, comprising an upper plate (2) and a lower plate (3), wherein the upper plate (2) and the lower plate (3) are made of conductors and are symmetrical in shape and have the same size, respectively constituting two plates of the antenna, characterized in that: The upper electrode plate (2) comprises a substrate (21), a vibrator arm (22) and a slot line arm (23), wherein: The dipole arm (22) of the upper plate (2) and the dipole arm (22) of the lower plate (3) together form a dipole radiator; The slot line arm (23) of the upper pole plate (2) and the slot line arm (23) of the lower pole plate (3) together form two pole plates of the tapered slot line antenna, a closed inner slot (233) is provided inside the slot line arm (23), and the inner slot (233) of the upper pole plate (2) and the inner slot (233) of the lower pole plate (3) together form a dipole slot radiator; A parallel gap (24) and a gap with a gradually changing width (25) are provided between the upper electrode plate (2) and the lower electrode plate (3), and both gaps are structures with openings at both ends, wherein: the parallel gap (24) has a constant width, and one end is connected to the port (26) of the antenna, and the other end is connected to the gap with a gradually changing width (25), and the width of the gap with a gradually changing width (25) gradually increases in a direction away from the parallel gap (24), and the widest part is a slot line opening (251); The dipole arm (22) is tilted forward toward the slot line opening (251), and its dipole tail end (222) is close to the slot line tail end (232) of the slot line arm (23); the dipole arm (22) and the slot line arm (23) are mutually surrounded to form a semi-closed conductor ring (27), and the conductor ring (27) constitutes a conductor ring (27) radiator; The resonant frequencies of the dipole radiator, dipole slot radiator and conductor ring (27) radiator are combined and loaded into the tapered slot antenna to expand the working frequency band of the antenna.

2. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the vibrator arm (22) is connected to the substrate (21), and the other end has a width that gradually widens in the direction of the vibrator tail end (222), and the vibrator tail end (222) is an open circuit; one end of the slot line arm (23) is connected to the substrate (21), and the other end has a width that gradually widens in the direction of the slot line tail end (232), and the slot line tail end (232) is an open circuit; There is electromagnetic coupling between the vibrator tail end (222) and the slot line tail end (232).

3. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner slot (233) is configured as a long strip, with one end close to the antenna port (26) and the other end extending toward the slot line tail end (232), and the width and length of the inner slot (233) are adjustable.

4. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sum of the length of the gradually varying width gap (25) and the length of the vertical edge (231) of the slot line is greater than one third of the maximum working wavelength of the antenna; the sum of the length of the dipole arm (22) and the length of the vertical edge (231) of the slot line is greater than one sixth of the maximum working wavelength of the antenna.

5. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the parallel slots (24) is smaller than the lowest working wavelength of the antenna, and is used to make the input impedance at the port (26) of the antenna be 50 ohms; The maximum length of the parallel slots (24) is greater than one seventieth of the lowest working wavelength of the antenna.

6. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper electrode plate (2) and the lower electrode plate (3) are mounted on the dielectric substrate (1) and are located on the same plane of the dielectric substrate (1).

7. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot line arm (23) is located in front of the vibrator arm (22), and the length of the vibrator arm (22) is greater than the length of the slot line arm (23).

8. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width and length of the vibrator arm (22) can be adjusted.

9. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the vibrator tail end (222) and the slot line tail end (232) is adjustable.

10. The dipole and slot loaded tapered slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the gradually changing gap (25) can be adjusted in a gradually changing manner.

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