Photovoltaic structure with anti-dazzle, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic structure with anti-dazzle, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance, which comprises a photovoltaic structure main body, and the photovoltaic structure main body comprises a self-cleaning layer, an anti-reflection film, an anti-corrosion layer, a front substrate, a front adhesive film, a battery piece, a rear adhesive film, a rear substrate and an anti-corrosion layer from outside to inside in sequence; the upper surface of the photovoltaic structure main body is provided with a honeycomb notch structure, the honeycomb notch structure is composed of a honeycomb notch and a notch cover, the inner periphery and the bottom of the honeycomb notch are both of concave cambered surface structures, and a reflecting film is attached to the inner periphery and the bottom of the honeycomb notch; the notch cover can be opened or closed; the photovoltaic structure main body is obliquely arranged, and a light barrier is arranged on the lower side of the photovoltaic structure main body; an anti-dazzle pad is arranged on the higher side of the photovoltaic structure body, and the anti-dazzle pad can be pulled out to cover the upper surface of the photovoltaic structure body. According to the invention, the influence of sunlight reflected by the photovoltaic mirror on the sight of a driver can be effectively reduced, the self-cleaning and anti-degradation capabilities are considered, and the service life of the photovoltaic mirror is greatly prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic components and relates to a photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-deterioration performances. Background Art

[0002] As a highly efficient and pollution-free new energy source, solar energy has unique advantages and huge potential for development and utilization. Making full use of solar energy can maintain the coordinated development of man and nature.

[0003] Existing double-glass photovoltaic modules still have the problem that the tempered glass surface is prone to mirror reflection, thus causing problems such as reflected glare, which easily limits the use of photovoltaic modules.

[0004] After a certain period of use, a large amount of dust and oil stains will adhere to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, affecting the light absorption rate and aesthetics of the photovoltaic panel. At this time, it is necessary to use photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment. This equipment is specially designed for photovoltaic panels and is mainly used to clean photovoltaic panels.

[0005] Conventional solar cell modules do not have a self-cleaning coating on their surface. On the one hand, this is because the cost of the self-cleaning coating is high and the preparation process is difficult; on the other hand, the self-cleaning coating itself also has a certain degree of influence on the light transmittance of the cover glass. If the influence of the self-cleaning coating on the light transmittance cannot be resolved, the self-cleaning coating will be difficult to apply on the surface of the solar cell cover glass.

[0006] Due to differences in climate and environment in different regions, the service life of photovoltaic mirrors is shorter in some areas with heavy rainfall. How to better solve the problem of corrosion resistance of photovoltaic modules has become an important issue in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation properties, which can effectively reduce the impact of sunlight reflected by the photovoltaic mirror on the driver's vision, take into account the self-cleaning and anti-degradation capabilities, and greatly extend the service life of the photovoltaic mirror.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-deterioration performance, including a photovoltaic structure body, wherein the photovoltaic structure body is composed of a self-cleaning layer, an anti-reflection film, an anti-corrosion layer, a front substrate, a front adhesive film, a battery cell, a rear adhesive film, a rear substrate, and an anti-corrosion layer from the outside to the inside; The upper surface of the photovoltaic structure body is provided with a honeycomb notch structure, which is composed of a honeycomb notch and a notch cover. The inner periphery and bottom of the honeycomb notch are concave arc structures and are covered with a reflective film; the notch cover can be opened or closed; The photovoltaic structure body is tilted, and a light-blocking plate is provided on the lower side of the photovoltaic structure body; An anti-glare pad is provided on the higher side of the photovoltaic structure body, and the anti-glare pad can be pulled out to cover the upper surface of the photovoltaic structure body.

[0009] Furthermore, a storage box is provided at the higher end of the photovoltaic structure body, and a connecting rod is installed in the storage box. Both ends of the connecting rod are rotatably connected to the two sides of the storage box through bearings, one end of the anti-glare pad is fixedly connected to the connecting rod and wrapped around the connecting rod, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the output shaft of the motor; the other end of the anti-glare pad is connected to the rotating rod through a connecting belt, and the rotating rod is installed at the lower end of the photovoltaic structure body, and one end of the rotating rod is connected to the output shaft of the motor; the connecting belts are arranged in fixed frames on both sides of the photovoltaic structure body, and do not affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic structure body. The motor connected to the rotating rod and the motor connected to the connecting rod are both installed in the bottom plate of the photovoltaic structure body.

[0010] Furthermore, the anti-reflection film comprises a base film, a hard coating layer and a low-folding layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the refractive index of the low-folding layer is lower than the refractive index of the hard coating layer; the anti-reflection film is embedded in the anti-corrosion layer by plating.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a spray pipe structure, which includes a spray pipe. The spray pipe is fixed to the higher end of the photovoltaic structure body through a column, and the spray pipe is connected to a water tank through a water pipe; the water tank is filled with an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent.

[0012] Furthermore, a water pump is provided inside the water tank, and a water outlet end of the water pump is connected to a water pipe; a motor is provided on the top of the water tank, a driving gear is provided on the inner top of the water tank, an output shaft of the motor is connected to the driving gear, a first driven gear and a second driven gear are provided on both sides of the driving gear, an active stirring rod is provided at the lower end of the driving gear, a first driven stirring rod is provided at the lower end of the first driven gear, and a second driven stirring rod is provided at the lower end of the second driven gear; a liquid inlet hopper is provided on the top of the water tank; a feed port is provided on one side of the water tank, a feed port cover is provided at the outer end of the feed port, and a feed port switch is provided at the connection between the feed port and the water tank to control the input of cleaning agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the anti-corrosion layer on the front substrate side has a light transmittance higher than 90%.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer side of the self-cleaning layer is also coated with a self-cleaning coating, which includes the following components in parts by mass: 16-18 parts of nano zinc oxide particles, 16-18 parts of magnesium chloride, 16-18 parts of ammonium fluoride, 20-25 parts of cation exchange resin, 8-12 parts of nano cellulose, 3-5 parts of metal quantum dots, 1-2 parts of aminosilane coupling agent, 8-10 parts of butyl acetate, 160-180 parts of ethanol, and 64-72 parts of water.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the self-cleaning coating comprises: Weigh 16-18 parts of nano zinc oxide particles, 16-18 parts of magnesium chloride, 16-18 parts of ammonium fluoride, 20-25 parts of cation exchange resin, 8-12 parts of nano cellulose, 3-5 parts of metal quantum dots, 1-2 parts of aminosilane coupling agent, 8-10 parts of butyl acetate, 160-180 parts of ethanol, and 64-72 parts of water according to mass proportions; The weighed nano zinc oxide particles are mixed with ethanol and water to obtain a nano zinc oxide dispersion; The weighed magnesium chloride is prepared into a magnesium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 35-45%, and the weighed ammonium fluoride is prepared into an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride with a mass concentration of 25-35%, and the magnesium chloride solution and the aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride are added to the dispersion, reacted at 45-55° C. for 50-70 minutes, and then the weighed cation exchange resin is added, and the magnesium fluoride emulsion is obtained after purification; The weighed butyl acetate is added to anhydrous ethanol, and after sufficient stirring, the obtained magnesium fluoride emulsion, as well as the weighed nanocellulose, metal quantum dots and aminosilane coupling agent are added, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 800-1000 r / min for 15-25 min at an environment of 45-55° C. to obtain the product.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an intelligent control system, which includes: A support base, the support base is arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic structure body; The support frame is located at the upper part of the support base, and a slide groove is provided inside the support frame. A support rod runs through the slide groove. The support rod is hinged to the output shaft of the linear motor. The angle of the photovoltaic mirror is adjusted by sliding the support rod up and down in the slide groove. The photometric sensor is placed on the support frame to detect the intensity of sunlight as a basis for adjusting the angle.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Compared with other photovoltaic mirrors, the present invention adopts a variety of anti-glare structures to greatly reduce the impact of sunlight reflection on the driver's line of sight, such as the honeycomb notch structure. Because the shape of the notch is set to be a honeycomb shape, the inner four sides and the bottom of the notch are concave arc structures, and a layer of reflective film is attached to the surface. When light shines on the photovoltaic mirror, most of the light will shine into the honeycomb notch. The concave arc structure will enhance the diffuse reflection effect of the light and reduce the impact of the reflected light on the driver's line of sight, while the reflective film will enhance the light trapping effect and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic mirror; for example, the anti-glare belt structure will pull out the anti-glare pad when the sunlight exceeds a certain value, and the mirror reflection of the photovoltaic mirror is thereby converted into diffuse reflection, and the light is scattered in all directions during reflection.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides an algorithm for the light intensity of each area affected by the reflected light of the photovoltaic mirror: by combining multivariate feature data including light intensity, environmental data and energy supply and demand data of the photovoltaic system, an angle tracking controller is attached, and the reflected light intensity of the illumination-affected area at different times is determined based on the maximum power angle, and a reasonable light intensity threshold acceptable to passing drivers is set. The model is calculated by a preset optimization algorithm to obtain an interval of the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the reflected light intensity of each area is calculated within this interval. An angle with a smaller light intensity and a smoother change is selected as the optimal rotation angle, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the impact on the driver's line of sight are comprehensively considered. Through this algorithm, an anti-reflection film with an appropriate thickness and a light-blocking plate with an appropriate thickness and height can be arranged according to the position of each photovoltaic mirror, which is scientific, effective and reduces the consumption of materials. The angle can be adjusted intelligently according to the daily climate conditions to ensure that the maximum sunlight intensity is obtained while the driver's line of sight is minimized; it can also cooperate with the meteorological station to obtain hourly forecast data, so that the angle adjustment is more accurate; in addition, it can also cooperate with map software such as Amap to remind passing drivers to prepare for sections with relatively high sunlight intensity.

[0019] 3. The present invention greatly improves the self-cleaning ability of the photovoltaic mirror. A spray pipe device is provided above the photovoltaic mirror to spray cleaning agent regularly to clean the mirror surface. The concentration of the cleaning agent can be freely adjusted according to the amount of water. In an environment with a high temperature, a cleaning agent with a lower concentration can be configured and sprayed once every half an hour. In addition to cleaning, it can also play a role in reducing the surface temperature of the photovoltaic mirror; in an environment with a lower temperature, a cleaning agent with a higher concentration can be configured and sprayed once a day, which can effectively save resources. A self-cleaning layer is provided on the outside of the photovoltaic mirror, and a self-cleaning coating is coated on it. The three are used in combination to ensure that there is no dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic mirror to affect power generation. In addition, the coating has a long service life. It can be applied once a year in areas with heavy rainfall, and once every two years in areas with less rainfall.

[0020] 4. The photovoltaic mirror of the present invention adopts the structure of self-cleaning layer, anti-reflection film, anti-corrosion layer, front substrate, front adhesive film, battery cell, rear adhesive film, rear substrate and anti-corrosion layer from the outside to the inside, and the light transmittance of each layer structure is very high. It has a long service life in areas with heavy rainfall, and takes into account the three aspects of self-cleaning, anti-degradation and photoelectric conversion rate, which is just suitable for the field of "interactive energy integration". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an example of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a honeycomb notch structure and a light shielding plate of an example of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an anti-reflection film according to an example of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an anti-glare tape device according to an example of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a spray pipe device according to an example of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the interior of a water tank according to an example of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the self-cleaning layer, self-cleaning coating and anti-deterioration structure of an example of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an angle adjustment device according to an example of the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a comparison chart of the transmittance of the embodiment of the present invention in which the main components of the cleaning agent, nano silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, are sprayed and that of the embodiment of the present invention in which the main components, nano silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, are not sprayed.

[0031] Fig.10 This is a comparison chart of the light transmittance of the magnesium fluoride material, which is the main component of the self-cleaning coating in the embodiment of the present invention, and the traditional silicon dioxide material and the uncovered coating.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Anti-glare structure; 3. Anti-reflection film; 4. Light blocking plate; 6. Honeycomb notch; 7. Notch cover; 8. Base film; 9. Hard coating; 10. Low-fold layer; 11. Pre-coated bottom layer; 12. Base layer; 13. Fixed frame; 14. Storage box; 15. Connecting belt; 16. Anti-glare pad; 17. Curved surface; 18. Rotating rod; 19. Connecting rod; 20. Self-cleaning and anti-deterioration structure; 22. Self-cleaning layer; 23. Self-cleaning coating; 24. Anti-corrosion layer; 25. Front film; 26. Rear film; 27. Spray pipe; 28. Column ; 29. ​​Water pipe; 30. Water tank; 31. Water pump; 32. Motor; 33. Driving gear; 34. First driven gear; 35. Second driven gear; 36. Liquid inlet bucket; 37. Active stirring rod; 38. First driven stirring rod; 39. Second driven stirring rod; 40. Feed port; 41. Feed port cover; 42. Feed port switch; 43. Front substrate; 44. Battery cell; 45. Rear substrate; 46. Intelligent control system; 47. Support base; 48. Support frame; 49. Photometric sensor; 50. Slide; 51. Support rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation properties, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an anti-glare structure 1, a self-cleaning and anti-deterioration structure 20 and an intelligent control system 46.

[0035] The anti-glare structure 1 includes a honeycomb notch structure, an anti-reflection film 3, a light-blocking plate 4 and an anti-glare belt device, and adopts a variety of anti-glare structures to greatly reduce the impact of sunlight reflection on the driver's vision.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the honeycomb notch structure is arranged on the upper surface of the photovoltaic mirror, and is composed of a honeycomb notch 6 and a notch cover 7. The inner periphery and the bottom of the honeycomb notch 6 are all concave arc structures, and a layer of reflective film is attached. The concave arc structure can enhance the anti-glare effect, and the reflective film can enhance the light trapping effect of the photovoltaic mirror and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; the notch cover 7 will be closed when the spray pipe is spraying to prevent water from accumulating in the notch; when the sunlight intensity is too high and the mirror temperature is high, the notch cover 7 can be opened for heat dissipation. When light shines on the photovoltaic mirror, most of the light will shine into the honeycomb notch 6, and the concave arc structure will enhance the diffuse reflection effect of the light and reduce the impact of the reflected light on the driver's sight.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the anti-reflection film 3 is arranged inside the self-cleaning layer of the photovoltaic mirror structure, and includes a base film 8, a hard coating layer 9 and a low-folding layer 10 stacked in sequence. The base film 8 includes a base layer 12 and pre-coated bottom layers 11 on its upper and lower sides. The hard coating layer 9 is arranged on the upper pre-coated bottom layer 11. The refractive index of the low-folding layer 10 is lower than that of the hard coating layer 9. The refractive index difference between the hard coating layer 9 and the lower pre-coated bottom layer 11 is less than 5%. The hard coating layer 9 includes silica particles, and the refractive index of the hard coating layer 9 can be adjusted. The refractive indexes of the hard coating layer 9 and the pre-coated bottom layer 11 are both about 1.6, and the refractive index of the low-folding layer 10 is about 1.4.

[0038] The preparation method of the anti-reflection film 3 is as follows: a hard coating liquid is applied to the surface of the base film 8, and after a period of time, it is dried and solidified to form a hard coating layer 9; a low-reflection liquid is applied to the surface of the hard coating layer 9, and after a period of time, it is dried and solidified to form a low-reflection layer 10. The hard coating liquid and the low-reflection liquid are materials known in the art, and the hard coating liquid can be TYZ65-01-S-NS, and the low-reflection liquid can be UV7003LR.

[0039] The method for embedding the anti-reflection film 3 is as follows: in a clean environment, rinse the prepared outer anti-corrosion layer 24, then plate the anti-reflection film 3 on its surface, and react the plated anti-corrosion layer 24 with a dichloromethane solution with a mass concentration of 5% to obtain the finished product. This method can completely embed the anti-reflection film into the anti-corrosion layer without changing the light transmittance of the material, greatly enhancing the bonding between the anti-reflection film 3 and the bottom anti-corrosion layer 24, and the embedding depth can be adjusted according to the actual needs; the longer the reaction time between the anti-corrosion layer and the volatile organic solvent, the greater the embedding depth of the anti-reflection film 3. If the algorithm obtains that the reflected light intensity of a certain area is large and the thickness of the required anti-reflection film 3 is large, the embedding depth can be deepened to ensure that the thickness of the anti-reflection film 3 at the bottom of the honeycomb notch 6 meets the use requirements.

[0040] The photovoltaic mirror is placed at an angle, and the light shield 4 is arranged on the lower side of the photovoltaic mirror. The material of the light shield 4 is a photochromic spirooxazine compound bonded with an antioxidant molecule in the "Photochromic spirooxazine compound bonded with antioxidant molecules, and preparation method and use thereof". This product can be obtained by condensing the spirooxazine compound not bonded with an antioxidant with an antioxidant. The product has good stability and a wide range of absorption spectrum.

[0041] The combination of the anti-reflection film 3 and the light-blocking plate 4 can effectively reduce the reflection of light.

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, the anti-glare belt device includes a fixing frame 13, a storage box 14, a connecting belt 15, an anti-glare pad 16, a curved surface 17, a rotating rod 18 and a connecting rod 19. The fixing frame 13 is located on both sides of the photovoltaic mirror and is connected to the storage box 14. The connecting rod 19 is installed in the storage box 14. The two ends of the connecting rod 19 are rotatably connected to the two sides of the storage box 14 through bearings, and one end of the connecting rod 19 is connected to the output shaft of the motor. The anti-glare pad 16 is located in the slot of the fixing frame 13, the curved surface 17 is connected to the anti-glare pad 16 at the upper side, and the anti-glare pad 16 is received in the storage box 14 through the curved surface 17. The connecting belt 15 is located at the lower side of the anti-glare pad 16, and the connecting belt 15 is connected to the rotating rod 18. The anti-glare pad 16 can be pulled out through the connecting belt 15. After being pulled out, diffuse reflection will be generated when the light is directed to the anti-glare pad 16. The light is scattered in all directions during reflection, which greatly reduces the impact of the reflected light on the driver's vision.

[0043] The end of the connecting belt 15 is connected to the rotating rod 18. The rotating rod 18 rotates to wrap the connecting belt 15 around the rotating rod 18. The rotating rod 18 is rotated by the motor in the bottom plate.

[0044] One end of the connection belt 15 is connected to the connection rod 19 , and the connection rod 19 rotates so that the connection belt 15 is wound around the connection rod 19 and stored in the storage box 14 .

[0045] The material of the anti-glare pad 16 is polyolefin elastomer, which has excellent weather resistance and chemical resistance. When the sunlight exceeds a certain value, the anti-glare pad 16 will be pulled out, and the mirror reflection of the photovoltaic mirror will be transformed into diffuse reflection, and the light will be scattered in all directions when reflected.

[0046] The self-cleaning and anti-degradation structure 20 includes a spray pipe structure and a photovoltaic mirror structure.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the spray pipe device includes a spray pipe 27, a column 28, a water tank 30 and a water pipe 29. A column 28 is provided on the higher side of the photovoltaic mirror. The spray pipe 27 is located between the two columns 28. The water tank 30 is placed near the photovoltaic mirror. The water pipe 29 connects the water tank 30 and the spray pipe 27. The liquid in the water tank 30 is a high-efficiency cleaning agent for photovoltaic materials, including the following components in parts by weight: 100-110 parts of water, 6-10 parts of surfactants, 13-17 parts of chelating agents, 10-14 parts of detergents, 18-22 parts of fluorite powder, 3-7 parts of nano-silicon dioxide suspension, and 2-4 parts of nano-zinc oxide dispersion. The cleaning agent can be obtained by mixing and stirring the above components. In the embodiment of the present invention, adding nano-silicon dioxide and nano-titanium dioxide to the cleaning agent can effectively increase the light transmittance and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The experimental data are shown in Fig. 9 shown.

[0048] The spraying time can also be controlled according to the proportioned concentration. For example, in hot weather, a lower concentration can be configured and sprayed once every half an hour. In addition to cleaning, it can also play a cooling role. When the temperature is low, a high concentration can be used and sprayed once a day, which can effectively save resources. The specific proportion concentration can be adjusted according to the water content. The cleaning agent raw materials are stored in the feed port 40 and poured out when needed by opening the feed port switch 42. At the same time, rainwater can also be stored in the water tank 30 (rainwater enters from the liquid inlet hopper 36) to prepare the cleaning agent.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, inside the water tank 30, the water pipe 29 is connected to the water pump 31, the motor 32 is connected to the driving gear 33, the first driven gear 34 and the second driven gear 35 are arranged on the left and right sides of the driving gear 33, respectively, an active stirring rod 37 is provided under the driving gear 33, a first driven stirring rod 38 is provided under the first driven gear 34, and a second driven stirring rod 39 is provided under the second driven gear 35. The liquid inlet 36 is provided on the left side of the top of the water tank 30, and the feed port 40 is located on the left side of the water tank 30. The outer end of the feed port 40 is provided with a feed port cover 41, and the connection between the feed port 40 and the water tank 30 is provided with a feed port switch 42, which can control the input of the cleaning agent raw material. The working process is as follows: after the water is poured into the liquid inlet 36, the feed port switch 42 is opened to pour the cleaning agent raw material, and after the motor 32 is started to stir it, the prepared cleaning agent is pumped out by the water pump 31.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the overall structure of the photovoltaic mirror is, from outside to inside, a self-cleaning layer 22, an anti-reflection film 3, an anti-corrosion layer 24, a front substrate 43, a front adhesive film 25, a battery cell 44, a rear adhesive film 26, a rear substrate 45, and an anti-corrosion layer 24.

[0051] The preparation method of the self-cleaning layer 22 is as follows: weigh 3-6 parts of rice cellulose, 2-5 parts of fluorinated silane coupling agent, and 8-15 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane according to the mass fraction; weigh the nanocellulose and the fluorinated silane coupling agent to react, and then cure the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and the reacted nanocellulose together to obtain the self-cleaning layer 22. The self-cleaning layer 22 prepared by this method has the same composition on both sides, and both contain nanocellulose and fluorinated silane coupling agent, and its self-cleaning effect is better. Nanocellulose has stronger light transmittance, lower thermal expansion coefficient, will not be greatly deformed due to high structural temperature, and is more environmentally friendly.

[0052] The anti-degradation structure (i.e., the above-mentioned photovoltaic structure) includes a front substrate 43, a battery cell 44, and a rear substrate 45 stacked in sequence, and also includes a front adhesive film 25, a rear adhesive film 26, and an anti-corrosion layer 24. The front adhesive film 25 is arranged between the front substrate 43 and the battery cell 44, the rear adhesive film 26 is arranged between the rear substrate 45 and the battery cell 44, and the anti-corrosion layer 24 is arranged on at least one side of the front substrate 43 and / or at least one side of the rear substrate 45, wherein the light transmittance of the anti-corrosion layer 24 on the side of the front substrate 43 is higher than 90%. The photovoltaic module improves the moisture resistance and corrosion resistance of the photovoltaic module through the design of the front and rear adhesive films and the anti-corrosion layer 24, can avoid the accumulation of pollution on the photovoltaic module to cause the hot spot effect, and improves the power generation performance of the photovoltaic module. The light transmittance of each layer structure is very high, and the service life is also long in areas with heavy rainfall. It takes into account the three aspects of self-cleaning, anti-degradation and photoelectric conversion rate, and is just suitable for the field of "cross-energy integration".

[0053] In addition, a self-cleaning coating 23 is coated on the outside of the self-cleaning layer 22. The self-cleaning coating 23 includes 16-18 parts of nano zinc oxide particles, 16-18 parts of magnesium chloride, 16-18 parts of ammonium fluoride, 20-25 parts of cation exchange resin, 8-12 parts of nano cellulose, 3-5 parts of metal quantum dots, 1-2 parts of aminosilane coupling agent, 8-10 parts of butyl acetate, 160-180 parts of ethanol, and 64-72 parts of water in parts by mass.

[0054] The preparation method is as follows: zinc oxide particles, magnesium chloride, ammonium fluoride, cation exchange resin, nanocellulose, metal quantum dots, aminosilane coupling agent, butyl acetate, ethanol and water are weighed according to the above mass fractions; the weighed nano zinc oxide particles are mixed with ethanol and water to obtain a nano zinc oxide dispersion; the weighed magnesium chloride is prepared into a magnesium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 35-45%, the weighed ammonium fluoride is prepared into an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride with a mass concentration of 25-35%, the prepared magnesium chloride solution and the aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride are added to the dispersion, reacted at 45-55° C. for 50-70 minutes, and then the weighed cation exchange resin is added for purification to obtain a magnesium fluoride emulsion; the weighed butyl acetate is added to anhydrous ethanol, fully stirred, and then the above magnesium fluoride emulsion, as well as the weighed nanocellulose, metal quantum dots and aminosilane coupling agent are added, and stirred at a speed of 800-1000 r / min for 15-25 minutes under an environment of 45-55° C. to obtain the dispersion. The coating can reduce the adhesion of dust and stains on the surface of the cover glass, has a good self-cleaning effect, and significantly improves the light transmittance of the coating. It has a small impact on power output, has high hardness and adhesion, and has a long service life. It can be applied once a year in areas with heavy rainfall, and once every two years in areas with less rainfall.

[0055] The preparation of the self-cleaning coating 23 uses magnesium fluoride nanoparticles instead of nano-silicon dioxide. Magnesium, as an active metal, has the advantages of low electric potential and high chemical activity. At the same time, magnesium-based compounds are abundant in reserves, low in cost, and high in safety. Fluoride ions can improve the electrochemical stability of fluorides, and their ability to bind charges is stronger. Macroscopically, the photoelectric conversion performance of this material is more favorable. Since magnesium fluoride has strong binding energy and low electronic conductivity, the battery composed of it has outstanding rate performance and cycle life. This material has good film-forming properties, while silicon dioxide requires a thicker film layer in optical films to achieve the expected optical expectations. In addition, silicon dioxide will undergo redox reactions in high temperature environments, causing the performance of the self-cleaning layer to change. In addition, silicon dioxide is easily affected by moisture, and the absorption of moisture is also likely to cause the performance of the self-cleaning layer to change. Fig.10 As shown, magnesium fluoride has a higher light transmittance as a coating than silicon dioxide.

[0056] This embodiment uses nanocellulose instead of nano titanium dioxide. Compared with nano titanium dioxide, nanocellulose has the characteristics of high transparency and high strength due to its own fiber structure. In addition, it has good hydrophobicity, water resistance and film-forming properties, while titanium dioxide is a highly hygroscopic material that is easily affected by moisture. After being affected by moisture, the hydrogen bonds formed on the surface of titanium dioxide will increase significantly, making its structure complex, thereby forming complex reflections and refractions, which will affect the anti-glare function of this application. It can ensure that the coating is not easily washed away when the spray pipe is flushed, and its anti-seepage performance is better, which can ensure that the liquid will not penetrate into the photovoltaic mirror. The component structure is very stable, while titanium dioxide is prone to various structural defects during the preparation process, affecting the performance of the self-cleaning layer.

[0057] The photovoltaic material constituting the front and rear substrates and the battery cells is a dimer small molecule acceptor photovoltaic material, which has good thermal stability, a wide absorption spectrum, a high utilization rate of sunlight, and a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and is a good photovoltaic material.

[0058] Figure 8It is an intelligent control system 46, including a support base 47, a support frame 48, a support rod 51, a photometric sensor 49 and a slide 50. The support base 47 is located at the bottom of the photovoltaic mirror, the support frame 48 is located in the upper area of ​​the support base 47, and a slide 50 is provided inside the support frame 48. A support rod 51 is inserted in the slide 50. The angle of the photovoltaic mirror can be adjusted by sliding the support rod 51 up and down in the slide 50. The photometric sensor 49 is placed on the support frame 48, which can detect the intensity of sunlight and thus adjust the angle. The system has a light intensity of each area that will be affected by the reflected light of the photovoltaic mirror. Algorithm: By combining multivariate feature data including light intensity, environmental data and energy supply and demand data of the photovoltaic system, an angle tracking controller is attached, and the reflected light intensity of the illumination-affected area at different times is determined based on the maximum power angle, and a reasonable light intensity threshold acceptable to passing drivers is set. The model is calculated by a preset optimization algorithm to obtain an interval of the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the reflected light intensity of each area is calculated within this interval. An angle with a smaller light intensity and a smoother change is selected as the optimal rotation angle, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the impact on the driver's line of sight are comprehensively considered. Through this algorithm, an anti-reflection film 3 with an appropriate thickness and a light-blocking plate 4 with an appropriate thickness and height can be arranged according to the position of each photovoltaic mirror, which is scientific, effective and reduces the consumption of materials. In addition to the above functions, it can also cooperate with the meteorological station to obtain hourly forecast data (the intelligent control system is connected to the network and connected to the real-time data of the meteorological station), so that the angle adjustment is more accurate; in addition, it can also cooperate with map software such as Amap (voice broadcast reminders for sections with high sunlight intensity during navigation) to remind passing drivers to prepare for sections with relatively high sunlight intensity.

[0059] The angle adjustment of the photovoltaic mirror is specifically that after the calculation program in the base plate is completed, the linear motor pushes the support rod 51 to move up and down in the slide groove 50 to achieve the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic structure body.

[0060] The hardware device for integrating the light intensity algorithm is an angle calculator in the baseboard (which can be a computer with file storage and program running functions), which is known in the art.

[0061] The embodiment of the present invention selects the entire affected road section as the application object, with a wider scope of use and stricter requirements for use (the area and environmental factors combined with the light intensity algorithm are wider, and the angle tracker can make the angle change more quickly and accurately), and the algorithm is used to ensure that the driver's line of sight is not affected while the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach the maximum within the road section. First, an optimal angle range is selected, and adjustments are made within this range. The adjustments will be faster and more accurate. The algorithm of the present application also includes the anti-reflection film 3 and the light baffle 4 designed in advance, and the effects of the anti-reflection film 3 and the light baffle 4 on the light intensity are also included in the algorithm.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance, comprising a photovoltaic structure body, characterized in that: The photovoltaic structure body comprises, from the outside to the inside, a self-cleaning layer (22), an anti-reflection film (3), an anti-corrosion layer (24), a front substrate (43), a front adhesive film (25), a battery cell (44), a rear adhesive film (26), a rear substrate (45), and an anti-corrosion layer (24); The upper surface of the photovoltaic structure body is provided with a honeycomb notch structure (2), the honeycomb notch structure (2) is composed of a honeycomb notch (6) and a notch cover (7), the inner periphery and the bottom of the honeycomb notch (6) are all concave arc structures, and are affixed with a reflective film; the notch cover (7) can be opened or closed; The photovoltaic structure body is arranged obliquely, and a light blocking plate (4) is provided on the lower side of the photovoltaic structure body; An anti-glare pad (16) is provided on a higher side of the photovoltaic structure body, and the anti-glare pad (16) can be pulled out to cover the upper surface of the photovoltaic structure body.

2. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: A storage box (14) is provided at the higher end of the photovoltaic structure body, a connecting rod (19) is installed in the storage box (14), two ends of the connecting rod (19) are rotatably connected to two sides of the storage box (14) via bearings, one end of the anti-glare pad (16) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (19) and wound around the connecting rod (19), one end of the connecting rod (19) is connected to the output shaft of the motor; the other end of the anti-glare pad (16) is connected to a rotating rod (18) via a connecting belt (15), the rotating rod (18) is installed at the lower end of the photovoltaic structure body, and one end of the rotating rod (18) is connected to the output shaft of the motor; the connecting belt (15) is arranged in the fixing frames (13) on both sides of the photovoltaic structure body, and does not affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic structure body; the motor connected to the rotating rod (18) and the motor connected to the connecting rod (19) are both installed in the bottom plate of the photovoltaic structure body.

3. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reflection film (3) comprises a base film (8), a hard coating layer (9) and a low-folding layer (10) which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the refractive index of the low-folding layer (10) is lower than the refractive index of the hard coating layer (9); the anti-reflection film (3) is embedded in the anti-corrosion layer (24) by plating.

4. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a spray pipe structure, the spray pipe structure including a spray pipe (27), the spray pipe (27) being fixed to a higher end of the photovoltaic structure body via a column (28), the spray pipe (27) being connected to a water tank (30) via a water pipe (29); the water tank (30) is filled with an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent.

5. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (31) is provided inside the water tank (30), and a water outlet end of the water pump (31) is connected to a water pipe (29); a motor (32) is provided on the top of the water tank (30), and a driving gear (33) is provided on the inner top of the water tank (30); an output shaft of the motor (32) is connected to the driving gear (33); a first driven gear (34) and a second driven gear (35) are provided on both sides of the driving gear (33); a driving stirring rod (37) is provided at the lower end of the driving gear (33); a first driven stirring rod (38) is provided at the lower end of the first driven gear (34); and a second driven stirring rod (39) is provided at the lower end of the second driven gear (35); a liquid inlet hopper (36) is provided on the top of the water tank (30); a feed inlet (40) is provided on one side of the water tank (30), and a feed inlet cover (41) is provided at the outer end of the feed inlet (40); and a feed inlet switch (42) is provided at the connection between the feed inlet (40) and the water tank (30) to control the input of cleaning agent.

6. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-corrosion layer (24) on the front substrate (43) side has a light transmittance higher than 90%.

7. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the self-cleaning layer (22) is also coated with a self-cleaning coating (23), wherein the self-cleaning coating (23) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 16-18 parts of nano zinc oxide particles, 16-18 parts of magnesium chloride, 16-18 parts of ammonium fluoride, 20-25 parts of cation exchange resin, 8-12 parts of nano cellulose, 3-5 parts of metal quantum dots, 1-2 parts of aminosilane coupling agent, 8-10 parts of butyl acetate, 160-180 parts of ethanol, and 64-72 parts of water.

8. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the self-cleaning coating (23) comprises: Weigh 16-18 parts of nano zinc oxide particles, 16-18 parts of magnesium chloride, 16-18 parts of ammonium fluoride, 20-25 parts of cation exchange resin, 8-12 parts of nano cellulose, 3-5 parts of metal quantum dots, 1-2 parts of aminosilane coupling agent, 8-10 parts of butyl acetate, 160-180 parts of ethanol, and 64-72 parts of water according to mass proportions; The weighed nano zinc oxide particles are mixed with ethanol and water to obtain a nano zinc oxide dispersion; The weighed magnesium chloride is prepared into a magnesium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 35-45%, and the weighed ammonium fluoride is prepared into an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride with a mass concentration of 25-35%, and the magnesium chloride solution and the aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride are added to the dispersion, reacted at 45-55° C. for 50-70 minutes, and then the weighed cation exchange resin is added, and the magnesium fluoride emulsion is obtained after purification; The weighed butyl acetate is added to anhydrous ethanol, and after sufficient stirring, the obtained magnesium fluoride emulsion, as well as the weighed nanocellulose, metal quantum dots and aminosilane coupling agent are added, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 800-1000 r / min for 15-25 min at an environment of 45-55° C. to obtain the product.

9. A photovoltaic structure with anti-glare, self-cleaning and anti-degradation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an intelligent control system (46), wherein the intelligent control system (46) includes: A support base (47), wherein the support base (47) is arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic structure body; A support frame (48), the support frame (48) is located at the upper part of the support base (47), a slide groove (50) is provided inside the support frame (48), a support rod (51) runs through the slide groove (50), the support rod (51) is hinged to the output shaft of the linear motor, and the angle of the photovoltaic mirror is adjusted by sliding the support rod (51) up and down in the slide groove (50), and a photometric sensor (49) is placed on the support frame (48) for detecting the intensity of sunlight as a basis for adjusting the angle.

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