Photovoltaic module, solar cell, power utilization device, preparation method, packaging adhesive film and application

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic module, a solar cell, a power utilization device, a preparation method, a packaging adhesive film and application. The photovoltaic module comprises a battery layer and a packaging adhesive layer, the battery layer comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode which are arranged in sequence, and the packaging adhesive layer is located on the side, away from the photoelectric conversion layer, of the second electrode; the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a light absorption layer; wherein the packaging adhesive layer comprises a radioisotope material. The photovoltaic module comprises the packaging adhesive layer capable of improving the output performance of the module, and the current level of the photovoltaic module can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to photovoltaic modules, solar cells, electrical devices, preparation methods, encapsulation films and applications. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the development of photovoltaic technology, solar cells are increasingly used in various electronic products such as smartphones, tablets, smart wearables, power tools and electric vehicles. How to improve the current level of photovoltaic modules is one of the important improvement directions in the field of solar cells. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application at least provides a photovoltaic module, a solar cell, an electrical device, a packaging adhesive composition, a preparation method and an application. The photovoltaic module includes a packaging adhesive layer that can enhance the output performance of the module and can increase the current level of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic module is provided, which includes a battery layer and an encapsulation glue layer, wherein the battery layer includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode arranged in sequence, and the encapsulation glue layer is located on a side of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer; the photoelectric conversion layer includes a light absorption layer;

[0006] Wherein, the packaging glue layer includes radioactive isotope material.

[0007] The photovoltaic module includes a light gain type encapsulation glue layer. By arranging a radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer, the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material can be used to penetrate the second electrode and act on the light-absorbing layer, excite electron-hole pairs, gain the number of radiated carriers, and increase the current level of the battery layer and the photovoltaic module. In addition, the radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays in the dark state, so it is possible to generate electricity in the dark state, broaden the application environment of the photovoltaic module, and enable the photovoltaic module to work in the dark state. Furthermore, the radioactive isotope material generates high-energy rays with continuity, so that the gain effect of the radioactive isotope material is continuous, and thus continuous power generation in the dark state can be achieved. It should be noted that the improvement effect of the output performance of the photovoltaic module provided in the present application does not wish to be limited to the aforementioned theory.

[0008] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays with energy ≥100 eV.

[0009] The high-energy rays generated by the radioisotope material may have the aforementioned high energy and be able to penetrate the electrode material suitable for the second electrode.

[0010] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioactive isotope material includes one or more of α-type radiation source materials and β-type radiation source materials.

[0011] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioisotope material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0012] The α-type radiation source material includes 210 Po, 228 Th, 235 U. 238 Pu, 241 Am, 242 Cm and 244 Cm, and one or more of the elements or substances selected from compounds containing at least one of the aforementioned radioactive elements;

[0013] The β-type radiation source material includes 3 H2、Ti 3 H4, 14 C. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 90 Sr / 90 Y. 99 Tc, 106 Such as 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 147 Pm, 151 Sm and 226 Ra, and one or more elements or substances selected from compounds containing at least one of the foregoing elements;

[0014] The radioactive isotope material at least includes a β-type radiation source material.

[0015] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the mass proportion of the β-type radiation source material in the radioactive isotope material is 50% to 100%, optionally 80% to 100%, and further optionally 100%.

[0016] Radioisotope materials can be selected in any suitable composition. Different types of radioisotope materials can be combined in any suitable way to stimulate the light-absorbing layer to produce electron-hole pairs, thereby increasing the current level of the battery layer and photovoltaic modules. Among them, α-type radiation source materials have a strong ionization ability and can ionize α rays, that is, a positively charged particle flow; β-type radiation source materials have a certain ionization ability and can ionize β rays, that is, a high-speed electron flow. It is generally believed that β rays have higher penetration ability than α rays.

[0017] By arranging more β-type radiation source materials in the radioactive isotope material, it is beneficial to provide more β rays, which is beneficial for more high-energy rays to penetrate the second electrode and act on the light-absorbing layer, thereby increasing the current level and enhancing the output performance of the battery layer.

[0018] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the mass percentage of the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer is 0.01% to 10%, optionally 0.05% to 10%, further optionally 0.1% to 5%, and further optionally 0.25% to 0.5%.

[0019] By providing the aforementioned content of radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation adhesive layer, it is possible to take into account both the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and the component stability, thereby increasing the current level of the photovoltaic component while minimizing the adverse effects of high-energy ray heat generation on material stability.

[0020] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the second electrode is a transparent electrode, the encapsulation glue layer includes a radioactive isotope material, and also includes a self-gain luminescent material, and the self-gain luminescent material can convert at least a portion of the incident photons into photons in the absorbent layer absorbable band.

[0021] When the second electrode is a transparent electrode, a self-gain luminescent material can also be arranged in the encapsulation glue layer, which can convert at least a part of the incident photons into photons in the absorbent layer's absorbent band. These photons can pass through the transparent second electrode and enter the absorbent layer, so as to effectively utilize the sunlight on the second electrode side, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and is also beneficial to improving the current level of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] When the second electrode is a transparent electrode, by simultaneously placing the radioactive isotope material and the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer, not only can the number of radiation-generated carriers in the light-absorbing layer be increased by utilizing the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material and electricity can be generated in the dark state, and at least a portion of the incident photons can be converted into photons in the absorbent layer absorbable band by utilizing the self-gain luminescent material to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material can be used to excite the self-gain luminescent material to generate photons that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, thereby achieving the synergistic gain of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material, and more effectively improving the current level of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, based on the continuity of the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material, the aforementioned synergistic effect can be continuously achieved.

[0023] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the second electrode is a transparent electrode, and in the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material is (0.5~20):1, which can be (1~5):1, and can be further (1.5~2.5):1.

[0024] By adjusting the mass ratio of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer within the above-mentioned appropriate range, the synergistic gain effect between the two self-gain luminescent materials and the radioactive isotope materials can be better exerted, a higher current level can be achieved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved, and power generation can be achieved in the dark state.

[0025] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer is 0.01% to 10%, optionally 0.05% to 10%, further optionally 0.1% to 5%, and further optionally 0.5% to 1%.

[0026] By adjusting the mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer, the gain degree of the self-gain luminescent material on the current level and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be adjusted. By adjusting the mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer within the aforementioned range, it is beneficial to balance performance improvement and preparation cost.

[0027] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the self-gain luminescent material includes at least one of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0028] In the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain luminescent material may include at least one of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material, wherein the up-conversion luminescent material can absorb long-wavelength, low-energy photons and convert them into photons in a light band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, and the down-conversion luminescent material can absorb short-wavelength, high-energy photons and convert them into photons in a light band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight and the current level of the photovoltaic module.

[0029] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the self-gain luminescent material includes an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material;

[0030] Optionally, in the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the down-conversion luminescent material is 1:15 to 15:1, further optionally 1:10 to 10:1, further optionally 4:6 to 6:4, further optionally 1:(0.95-1.05), further optionally 1:1.

[0031] By using self-gain luminescent materials that include both up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials, long-wavelength, low-energy photons and short-wavelength, high-energy photons can be utilized simultaneously, so that the light-absorbing layer can utilize photons in a wider band, thereby better improving the utilization of sunlight, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and also helping to further increase the current level of photovoltaic modules.

[0032] By adjusting the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the down-conversion luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer, the absorbable band of the light-absorbing layer can be better matched, thereby more effectively improving the utilization rate of sunlight.

[0033] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material, the down-conversion luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material is (0.1-15): (0.1-15): 1, which can be (0.5-10): (0.5-10): 1, which can be further selected as (1-10): (1-10): 1, which can be further selected as (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05): 1, which can be further selected as 1:1:1.

[0034] Radioactive isotope materials, up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials can be arranged in the encapsulation glue layer at the same time. At this time, the number of radiation-generated carriers in the radioactive isotope material gain light-absorbing layer can be used to increase the current level, and power generation can be achieved in the dark state. The up-conversion luminescent material can also be used to absorb long-wavelength, low-energy photons and convert them into photons in the light band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, and the down-conversion luminescent material can be used to absorb short-wavelength, high-energy photons and convert them into photons in the light band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material can be used to excite the self-gain luminescent material to generate photons that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer to achieve synergistic gain, thereby improving the current level of the photovoltaic module in multiple dimensions, enabling the photovoltaic module to work in the dark state, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0035] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain light-emitting material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0036] The up-conversion luminescent material comprises one or more of the following up-conversion luminescent materials: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF4, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F8, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4, 4CzIPN, thioxanthone and triphenylamine, a modified material composed of any of the above materials doped with a rare earth element, and an up-conversion luminescent material derived from any of the above materials; wherein the rare earth element comprises one or more of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi and Ho;

[0037] The down-conversion luminescent material includes one or more of a fluorescent material and a phosphorescent material.

[0038] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain light-emitting material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0039] The fluorescent material includes one or more of the following down-conversion luminescent materials: riboflavin, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine compounds, phycoerythrin, iridium complexes, rare earth element complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthylimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, perovskite luminescent nanomaterials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds and chelates of trivalent rare earth lanthanides, any fluorescent material derived from the aforementioned compounds, and a fluorescent material copolymerized from the aforementioned compounds; wherein the higher acene compound refers to an acene compound having a fused ring formed by condensing at least 4 benzene rings;

[0040] The phosphorescent material includes a matrix and an activator, wherein the matrix includes one or more of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates based on Group II metals, and the activator includes a heavy metal, and the heavy metal includes one or more of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb and rare earth metals.

[0041] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes the radioactive isotope material, the up-conversion luminescent material and the down-conversion luminescent material; the encapsulation glue layer satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0042] The packaging glue layer includes a radioactive isotope material, and the radioactive isotope material includes 63 Ni element;

[0043] The encapsulation glue layer includes an up-conversion luminescent material. Optionally, the up-conversion luminescent material includes NaYGd:Er; wherein NaYGd:Er is a coordination compound with a molar ratio of NaYGd to Er of 1:1;

[0044] The encapsulation glue layer includes a down-conversion luminescent material, and the down-conversion luminescent material includes a rhodamine compound. Optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes at least one of tetraethyl rhodamine and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate. Further optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes tetraethyl rhodamine.

[0045] Any one or more of any suitable up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials can be selected to provide the self-gain luminescent material, and any suitable combination of different types of self-gain luminescent materials can be made to better match the absorbable wavelength band of the light absorbing layer.

[0046] Based on any suitable implementation manner of the present application, further, in some implementation manners, the second electrode is a non-transparent electrode, which may be a metal electrode.

[0047] When the second electrode is a non-transparent electrode, for example, when the second electrode is a metal electrode, by arranging a radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer, the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material can penetrate the second electrode and act on the light-absorbing layer, excite electron-hole pairs, increase the number of radiation-generated carriers, and increase the current level of the battery layer and the photovoltaic module. In addition, the radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays in the dark state, so it can realize power generation in the dark state, broaden the application environment of the photovoltaic module, and enable the photovoltaic module to work in the dark state.

[0048] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the light absorbing layer includes at least one semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of perovskite, silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, copper zinc tin sulfur and gallium arsenide.

[0049] The photovoltaic module may use any suitable mechanism to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and accordingly, the light absorbing layer may use any suitable semiconductor material.

[0050] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a light absorbing layer, and further includes a first charge transport layer and a second charge transport layer, the first charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the first electrode, and the second charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the obtained second electrode;

[0051] One of the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.

[0052] The encapsulation glue layer can be disposed on either the electron transport layer side or the hole transport layer side.

[0053] In a second aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, which includes the photovoltaic component described in the first aspect of the present application.

[0054] In a third aspect of the present application, an electrical device is provided, which includes at least one of the photovoltaic component described in the first aspect of the present application and the solar cell described in the second aspect of the present application.

[0055] For solar cells and electrical devices including the aforementioned photovoltaic modules, radioactive isotope materials are provided in the packaging glue layer of the battery layer. Regardless of whether the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a non-transparent electrode (such as a metal electrode), the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material can be used to act on the light-absorbing layer, thereby increasing the current level of the battery layer. When a self-gain luminescent material is also provided in the packaging glue layer, the utilization rate of sunlight can be improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the current level of the photovoltaic module can be improved, and the synergistic effect of the radioactive isotope material and the self-gain luminescent material can be used to further increase the current level of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the aforementioned effects of the radioactive isotope material are also continuous.

[0056] In a fourth aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Providing a battery layer, wherein the battery layer comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode arranged in sequence; the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a light absorbing layer;

[0058] A packaging adhesive layer is stacked on a surface of the second electrode on a side away from the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the packaging adhesive layer is as defined in the first aspect of the present application.

[0059] From the perspective of preparation technology, after preparing the battery layer including the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode, the aforementioned light gain type encapsulation glue layer can be stacked on the surface of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0060] In a fifth aspect of the present application, a packaging adhesive film is provided, which is the packaging adhesive layer described in the first aspect of the present application.

[0061] In the sixth aspect of the present application, there is provided the use of the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect of the present application, or the solar cell described in the second aspect of the present application, or the power-consuming device described in the third aspect of the present application, or the photovoltaic module prepared by the preparation method described in the fourth aspect of the present application, or the encapsulation film described in the fifth aspect of the present application in photovoltaic power generation.

[0062] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] In order to better describe and illustrate the embodiments or examples of those applications disclosed herein, reference may be made to one or more drawings. The additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of any of the disclosed applications, the embodiments or examples currently described, and the best modes currently understood for these applications. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same parts.

[0064] In the attached picture:

[0065] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application. The photovoltaic module shown in the figure includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode and a packaging adhesive layer which are stacked in sequence.

[0066] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application. The photovoltaic module shown in the figure includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation glue layer which are stacked in sequence. The photoelectric conversion layer includes a first charge transport layer, a light absorbing layer and a second charge transport layer, wherein the first charge transport layer is located between the first electrode and the light absorbing layer, and the second charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the second electrode.

[0067] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application. The photovoltaic module shown in the figure includes a substrate layer, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation adhesive layer which are stacked in sequence.

[0068] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application. The photovoltaic module shown in the figure includes a substrate layer, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation glue layer stacked in sequence, and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a first charge transport layer, a light absorbing layer and a second charge transport layer, wherein the first charge transport layer is located between the first electrode and the light absorbing layer, and the second charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the second electrode.

[0069] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application. The photovoltaic module shown in the figure includes a substrate layer, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode, an encapsulation adhesive layer and a backplane layer stacked in sequence.

[0070] Figure 6A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the photovoltaic module includes a substrate layer, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation adhesive layer stacked in sequence, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes a first charge transport layer, a light absorbing layer and a second charge transport layer, wherein the first charge transport layer is located between the first electrode and the light absorbing layer, and the second charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the second electrode; the photovoltaic module is provided with a plurality of groups of channel subgroups, wherein the channel subgroups divide the cell layer in the photovoltaic module into a plurality of subcell regions connected in series, wherein each group of channel subgroups includes P1 channels arranged in sequence The P2 channel is located between the P1 channel and the P3 channel; the P1 channel divides the first electrode, and the two ends of the P1 channel are respectively located at two opposite surfaces of the first electrode; the P2 channel divides the photoelectric conversion layer, and one end of the P2 channel is located at a surface of the first electrode close to the photoelectric conversion layer, and the other end is located at a surface of the second electrode close to the photoelectric conversion layer; the P3 channel penetrates and divides the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode, and one end of the P3 channel is located at a surface of the first electrode close to the photoelectric conversion layer, and the other end is located at a surface of the second electrode close to the encapsulation glue layer.

[0071] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0072] Description of reference numerals:

[0073] 10, photovoltaic module; 210, substrate layer; 400, first electrode; 600, photoelectric conversion layer; 610, first charge transport layer; 630, light absorption layer; 650, second charge transport layer; 800, second electrode; 900, encapsulation adhesive layer; 220, backplane layer; P1, P1 channel; P2, P2 channel; P3, P3 channel; 20, electrical device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] Hereinafter, some embodiments of the photovoltaic module, solar cell, electrical device, preparation method, encapsulation film and application of the present application are described in detail with appropriate reference to the drawings. However, there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there are cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of actually the same structure are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0075] "Scope" disclosed in the present application can be limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and a given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of a special range. The scope limited in this way can be including end values ​​or excluding end values, and any end value can be included or not included independently, and can be combined arbitrarily, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a scope. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for a specific parameter, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values ​​1 and 2 listed, and if the maximum range values ​​3, 4 and 5 are also listed, the following scope can all be expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "ab" represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed in this document, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation for these numerical combinations. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to listing the parameter as, for example, integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. For example, when a parameter is expressed as an integer selected from "2-10", it is equivalent to listing the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

[0076] In the present application, "multiple", "multiple", "multiple", "several", etc., unless otherwise specified, refer to a quantity greater than 2 or equal to 2. For example, "one or more" means one or greater than or equal to two.

[0077] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0078] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments. The "implementation methods" mentioned herein have a similar understanding.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in the methods of each embodiment or example, the order in which each step is written does not mean a strict order of execution and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process, and the detailed order of execution of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic. If there is no special explanation, all steps of the present application can be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may also include step (c), indicating that step (c) can be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0080] In the present application, in the open technical features or technical solutions described by the words "contain", "include", "include", etc., if there is no other explanation, additional members other than the listed members are not excluded, and it can be regarded as providing both closed features or solutions consisting of the listed members and open features or solutions including additional members in addition to the listed members. For example, A includes a1, a2 and a3. If there is no other explanation, it may also include other members or may not include additional members. It can be regarded as providing both the feature or solution of "A consists of a1, a2 and a3" or "A is selected from a1, a2 and a3", and the feature or solution of "A includes not only a1, a2 and a3, but also other members".

[0081] In this application, unless otherwise specified, A (such as B) means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and it can be understood that A is not limited to B.

[0082] In this application, "optionally", "optional", and "optional" mean optional, that is, any one of the two parallel schemes of "yes" or "no". If multiple "optional" items appear in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "optional" item is independent of each other. For example, descriptions such as "optionally contain", "optionally include" in this application mean "contain or do not contain". "Optional component X" means that component X exists or does not exist.

[0083] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the features or solutions corresponding to "and / or" include any one of two or more related listed items, and also include any and all combinations of the related listed items, wherein the arbitrary and all combinations include any two related listed items, any more related listed items, or a combination of all related listed items. For example, "A and / or B" means a group consisting of A, B, and "a combination of A and B". Among them, "comprising A and / or B" can mean "comprising A, comprising B, and comprising A and B", and can also mean "comprising A, comprising B, or comprising A and B", which can be properly understood according to the sentence in which it is located.

[0084] As used herein, "combination thereof", "any combination thereof", "any combination thereof" etc. include all suitable combinations of any two or more of the listed items.

[0085] Herein, the “suitable” mentioned in “suitable combination”, “suitable method”, “any suitable method”, etc., shall be based on the technical solution that can implement the present application.

[0086] Herein, "preferred", "better", "more preferred", and "suitable" are only used to describe implementation methods or examples with better effects, and it should be understood that they do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. If multiple "preferred" items appear in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "preferred" item is independent.

[0087] In the present application, "further", "further", "particularly" and the like are used for descriptive purposes to indicate differences in content, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0088] In the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. in "the first aspect", "the second aspect", "the third aspect", "the fourth aspect", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor can they be understood as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. only serve the purpose of non-exhaustive enumeration and description, and it should be understood that they do not constitute a closed limitation on quantity.

[0089] In the present application, the term "room temperature" generally refers to 4°C to 35°C, and may refer to 20°C±5°C. In some embodiments of the present application, room temperature refers to 20°C to 30°C.

[0090] In this application, when referring to the unit of a data range, if there is a unit only after the right endpoint, it means that the units of the left endpoint and the right endpoint are the same. For example, 3~5h or 3-5h both mean that the units of the left endpoint "3" and the right endpoint "5" are both h (hours).

[0091] The weight of the relevant components mentioned in the embodiment description of the present application can not only refer to the content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship between the weights of the components. Therefore, as long as the content of the relevant components is proportionally enlarged or reduced according to the embodiment description of the present application, it is within the scope disclosed in the embodiment description of the present application. Furthermore, the weight described in the embodiment description of the present application can be a mass unit known in the chemical industry such as μg, mg, g, kg, etc.

[0092] In this application, "greater than or equal to" can be expressed as ≥, and "less than or equal to" can be expressed as ≤. In this application, unless otherwise specified, "greater than or equal to" can be regarded as providing two solutions of "greater than" and "equal to". In this application, unless otherwise specified, "less than or equal to" can be regarded as providing two solutions of "less than" and "equal to".

[0093] In the present application, exemplary descriptions such as "in some implementation modes (or examples)" and "in one implementation mode (or example)" may include but are not limited to the following meanings: these solutions can be combined with other solutions in a reasonable manner to form new technical solutions.

[0094] In the present application, the exemplary description involving "based on any suitable implementation in the present application, further" or similar may include but is not limited to the following meanings: these solutions can be combined with each other in a reasonable manner to form a new technical solution.

[0095] In traditional photovoltaic modules, the light on the back electrode side cannot be used or the utilization rate is low. When the back electrode is a metal electrode, the back light cannot enter the light absorption layer, resulting in the back light being unusable. When the back electrode is a transparent electrode, the albedo is usually low (about 0.2), resulting in low utilization of the back light.

[0096] "Albedo" has a well-known meaning in the art, and refers to the ratio of the light flux scattered in all directions by the illuminated part of the surface of an object to the light flux incident on the surface of the object. Albedo is a physical quantity used to characterize the reflectivity of an object to incident light.

[0097] Based on the above technical problems, the present application at least provides a photovoltaic module, a solar cell, an electrical device, a packaging glue composition, a preparation method and an application. The photovoltaic module includes a packaging glue layer that can enhance the output performance of the module and can increase the current level of the photovoltaic module.

[0098] In a first aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic module is provided, which includes a battery layer and an encapsulation glue layer, wherein the battery layer includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode arranged in sequence, and the encapsulation glue layer is located on a side of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer; the photoelectric conversion layer includes a light absorption layer;

[0099] Wherein, the packaging glue layer includes radioactive isotope material.

[0100] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the "cell layer" includes at least a photoelectric conversion layer, and the photovoltaic module can use photons or rays incident on the photoelectric conversion layer to achieve electrical output. Unless otherwise specified, the photoelectric conversion layer includes at least a light absorbing layer. The light absorbing layer can generate electron-hole pairs under the excitation of incident photons or rays, and generate current through the flow of electrons and holes, thereby realizing the conversion from light energy to electrical energy.

[0101] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "battery layer" refers to a structural layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, including the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0102] In conventional technology, a photoelectric conversion layer and a back electrode are usually stacked in sequence based on a transparent electrode, and a packaging film is further laminated on the back electrode. The packaging film is usually used to protect the stability of photovoltaic modules and can be used to isolate them from corrosion by water, oxygen, etc.

[0103] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the encapsulation film and the encapsulation layer are transparent materials.

[0104] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the term "transparent" in a transparent substance or transparent material means having a high light transmittance, for example, a light transmittance of visible light ≥ 80%. The light transmittance of a transparent substance or transparent material to visible light may be any of the following percentages, or greater than or equal to any of the following percentages, or selected from the interval between any of the following percentages and 100%, or selected from the interval between any two of the following percentages: 85%, 88%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99%, etc.

[0105] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the encapsulation layer can be located on the side of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer. After the battery layer is prepared, the encapsulation layer can be stacked at the last structural layer formed in the battery layer. The second electrode can be the last structural layer formed in the battery layer. The stacking method of the encapsulation layer can adopt the existing technology in the art. For example, the arranged battery layer and the encapsulation film provided in the present application can be laminated by lamination technology; when laminating, protective layers are usually arranged on one side of the battery layer and one side of the encapsulation film, for example, the substrate layer, battery layer, encapsulation film and backplane layer arranged layer by layer are laminated together. After lamination, the encapsulation film provided in the present application constitutes the encapsulation layer in the photovoltaic module provided in the present application.

[0106] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "radioactive isotope material" has a well-known meaning in the art. Radioactive isotope material refers to an isotope material that can produce high-energy rays, which can excite the light-absorbing layer to produce electron-hole pairs. Radioactive isotope materials can usually produce high-energy rays through spontaneous fission. When the radioactive isotope material is mixed and coexists with the self-gain luminescent material in the present application, unless otherwise specified, the high-energy rays produced by the radioactive isotope material can excite the self-gain luminescent material to produce photons that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer. In the present application, the high-energy rays produced by the radioactive isotope material are continuous, so that the radioactive isotope material can continue to play a gain role.

[0107] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "self-gain luminescent material" is a material that can convert at least a portion of incident photons into photons in a wavelength band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer. The self-gain luminescent materials suitable for the present application may include one or more of up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials. Up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials have well-known meanings in the art. Among them, the up-conversion luminescent material can emit high-energy photons under the excitation of low-energy photons, that is, it can emit short-wave, high-frequency photons under the excitation of long-wave, low-frequency photons. The down-conversion luminescent material can emit low-energy photons under the excitation of high-energy photons, that is, it can emit long-wave, low-frequency photons under the excitation of short-wave, high-frequency photons.

[0108] Unless otherwise specified, the up-conversion luminescent material used in the present application can convert low-energy incident photons into photons in the absorbent layer's absorbent band, and the down-conversion luminescent material used in the present application can convert high-energy incident photons into photons in the absorbent layer's absorbent band.

[0109] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the "radioactive isotope material" coexisting with the self-gain luminescent material may have the following two characteristics:

[0110] Characteristic 1: It can excite the light-absorbing layer to produce electron-hole pairs;

[0111] Characteristic 2: It can excite the self-gain luminescent material to produce photons that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer.

[0112] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "high-energy rays", "high-energy photons" and "low-energy photons" all refer to the wavelength band in which the light-absorbing layer can absorb photons.

[0113] In this application, the encapsulation glue layer is provided with a material that can enhance the output performance of the battery layer, and therefore, it is also referred to as a "light gain type encapsulation glue layer".

[0114] It should be noted that the improvement effect of the output performance of the photovoltaic module provided in the present application is not intended to be limited to any theory.

[0115] The aforementioned photovoltaic module includes a light gain type encapsulation glue layer. By arranging a radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer, the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material can be used to penetrate the second electrode and act on the light absorbing layer, excite electron-hole pairs, gain the number of radiated carriers, and increase the current level of the battery layer and the photovoltaic module. In addition, the radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays in the dark state, so it is possible to generate electricity in the dark state, broaden the application environment of the photovoltaic module, and enable the photovoltaic module to work in the dark state. Furthermore, the radioactive isotope material generates high-energy rays continuously, and the gain effect of the radioactive isotope material is continuous, so it is possible to achieve continuous power generation in the dark state.

[0116] The photovoltaic module can be transversely sliced ​​along the thickness direction of the module to obtain the test area of ​​different structural layers, so as to detect the element composition and content in each structural layer in combination with the element analysis method. For example, the test and analysis can be combined with the cryo-focused electron beam (FIB) continuous slicing, cross-section SEM morphology observation, energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) element spectrum and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis software. For example, the sample is finely sliced ​​layer by layer along the transverse direction at different thickness positions using a cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) (the smallest scale can reach nanometer-level thin slices), and different layers of samples at different positions along the thickness are separated. The morphology, structure and element distribution of each layer of the cross section can also be analyzed under FIB continuous slicing by a scanning electron microscope SEM. The three-dimensional structure of the sample can be reconstructed in combination with the three-dimensional structure reconstruction software, and the mass and / or volume of different areas of the sample to be tested can be estimated. As a non-limiting example, the test and analysis of the above parameters can use the FEI Scios 2HiVac device.

[0117] The physical stripping method can be used to remove the sample to be tested from the encapsulation layer of the photovoltaic module, and then the component detection can be carried out.

[0118] The components in the encapsulation layer can be detected by methods including but not limited to the following: electrochemical analysis method, 1 H NMR (nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy) method, 13 C NMR (nuclear magnetic carbon spectroscopy), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP), etc. The above methods can be applied to the composition detection of radioisotope materials and optional self-gain luminescent materials in the encapsulation glue layer, and may include but not limited to the ICP method.

[0119] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays with energy ≥100 eV.

[0120] The high-energy rays generated by the radioisotope material may have the aforementioned high energy, and these high-energy rays can penetrate the electrode material suitable for the second electrode. The electrode material suitable for the second electrode can refer to the definition below. The second electrode can be a transparent electrode or a non-transparent electrode, and a non-limiting example of the non-transparent electrode can include a metal electrode.

[0121] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioactive isotope material includes one or more of an α-type radiation source material and a β-type radiation source material. The α-type radiation source material may include but is not limited to 210 Po, 228 Th, 235 U. 238 Pu, 241 Am, 242 Cm and 244 Cm, and one or more elements or substances of compounds containing at least one of the aforementioned radioactive elements. Non-limiting examples of compounds containing the aforementioned radioactive elements may include 238 At least one of PuO2, etc. The β-type radiation source material may include but is not limited to 3 H2、Ti 3 H4, 14 C. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 90 Sr / 90 Y. 99 Tc, 106 Such as 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 147 Pm, 151 Sm and 226 Ra, and one or more elements or substances of a compound containing at least one of the foregoing elements.

[0122] Radioisotope materials can be selected in any suitable composition. Different types of radioisotope materials can be combined in any suitable way to stimulate the light-absorbing layer to produce electron-hole pairs, thereby increasing the current level of the battery layer and photovoltaic modules. Among them, α-type radiation source materials have a strong ionization ability and can ionize α rays, that is, a positively charged particle flow; β-type radiation source materials have a certain ionization ability and can ionize β rays, that is, a high-speed electron flow. It is generally believed that β rays have higher penetration ability than α rays.

[0123] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioactive isotope material at least includes a β-type radiation source material.

[0124] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the mass proportion of the β-type radiation source material in the radioisotope material is 50% to 100%, optionally 80% to 100%, and further optionally 100%. The mass proportion of the β-type radiation source material in the radioisotope material can be any of the following percentages, can be greater than or equal to any of the following percentages, and can also be selected from the interval consisting of any two of the following percentages: 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, etc. The mass proportion of the β-type radiation source material in the radioisotope material can also be 100%, in which case the radioisotope material is the β-type radiation source material.

[0125] By arranging more β-type radiation source materials in the radioactive isotope material, it is beneficial to provide more β rays, which is beneficial for more high-energy rays to penetrate the second electrode and act on the light-absorbing layer, thereby increasing the current level and enhancing the output performance of the battery layer.

[0126] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the radioisotope material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0127] The α-type radiation source material includes 210 Po, 228 Th, 235 U. 238 Pu, 241 Am, 242 Cm and 244 Cm, and one or more elements or substances in a compound containing at least one of the foregoing elements;

[0128] The β-type radiation source material includes 3 H2、Ti 3 H4, 14 C. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 90 Sr / 90 Y. 99 Tc, 106 Such as 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 147 Pm, 151 Sm and 226 Ra, and one or more elements or substances in a compound containing at least one of the foregoing elements;

[0129] The radioactive isotope material at least includes a β-type radiation source material.

[0130] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the mass percentage of the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer can be 0.01% to 12%, further can be 0.01% to 10%, can also be 0.05% to 10%, can further be 0.1% to 5%, and can further be 0.25% to 0.5%. The mass percentage of the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer can also be any of the following percentages, and can also be selected from the interval consisting of any two of the following percentages: 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% %, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 12%, etc. The mass percentage of the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer can also be any of the following ranges: 0.05% to 5%, 0.05% to 1%, etc.

[0131] By providing the aforementioned content of radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation adhesive layer, it is possible to take into account both the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and the component stability, thereby increasing the current level of the photovoltaic component while minimizing the adverse effects of high-energy ray heat generation on material stability.

[0132] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes a light absorbing layer and a self-gain luminescent material, and the self-gain luminescent material can convert at least a portion of incident photons into photons in a wavelength band absorbable by the light absorbing layer.

[0133] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the second electrode is a transparent electrode, the encapsulation glue layer includes a radioactive isotope material, and also includes a self-gain luminescent material, and the self-gain luminescent material can convert at least a portion of the incident photons into photons in the absorbent layer absorbable band.

[0134] When the second electrode is a transparent electrode, a self-gain luminescent material can also be arranged in the encapsulation glue layer, which can convert at least a part of the incident photons into photons in the absorbent layer's absorbent band. These photons can pass through the transparent second electrode and enter the absorbent layer, so as to effectively utilize the sunlight on the second electrode side, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and is also beneficial to improving the current level of the photovoltaic module.

[0135] When the second electrode is a transparent electrode, by simultaneously placing the radioactive isotope material and the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer, not only can the number of radiation-generated carriers in the light-absorbing layer be increased by utilizing the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material and electricity can be generated in the dark state, and at least a portion of the incident photons can be converted into photons in the absorbent layer absorbable band by utilizing the self-gain luminescent material to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material can be used to excite the self-gain luminescent material to generate photons that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, thereby achieving the synergistic gain of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material, and more effectively improving the current level of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, based on the continuity of the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material, the aforementioned synergistic effect can be continuously achieved.

[0136] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the second electrode is a transparent electrode, and in the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material is (0.5~20):1, which can be (1~5):1, and can be further (1.5~2.5):1. The mass ratio of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulating glue layer can also be selected from any of the following ratios, or can also be selected from the interval consisting of any two of the following ratios: 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.75:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, 7.5:1, 8:1, 8.5:1, 9:1, 9.9:1, 10:1, 12:1, 12.5:1, 15:1, 16:1, 17:1, 17.5:1, 18:1, 20:1, etc.

[0137] By adjusting the mass ratio of the self-gain luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer within the above-mentioned appropriate range, the synergistic gain effect between the two self-gain luminescent materials and the radioactive isotope materials can be better exerted, a higher current level can be achieved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved, and power generation can be achieved in the dark state.

[0138] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer can be 0.01% to 12%, further can be 0.01% to 10%, can also be 0.05% to 10%, can further be 0.1% to 5%, and can further be 0.5% to 1%. The mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer can also be any of the following percentages, and can also be selected from the interval consisting of any two of the following percentages: 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% %, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 12%, etc. The mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer can also be any of the following ranges: 0.05% to 5%, 0.05% to 1%, etc.

[0139] By adjusting the mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer, the gain degree of the self-gain luminescent material on the current level and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be adjusted. By adjusting the mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer within the aforementioned range, it is beneficial to balance performance improvement and preparation cost.

[0140] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the self-gain luminescent material includes at least one of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0141] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "up-conversion luminescent material" and "down-conversion luminescent material" have the well-known meanings in the art, and each independently can absorb photons in the first wavelength band and emit photons in the second wavelength band. For up-conversion luminescent materials, the wavelength of photons in the first wavelength band is greater than the wavelength of photons in the second wavelength band, thereby converting low-energy, long-wavelength photons into high-energy, short-wavelength photons. For down-conversion luminescent materials, the wavelength of photons in the first wavelength band is less than the wavelength of photons in the second wavelength band, thereby converting high-energy, short-wavelength photons into low-energy, long-wavelength photons.

[0142] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the "up-conversion luminescent material" and "down-conversion luminescent material" provided in the encapsulation glue layer are each independently capable of converting at least a portion of incident photons into photons in a wavelength band that can be absorbed by the light absorbing layer.

[0143] In the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain luminescent material may include at least one of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material, wherein the up-conversion luminescent material can absorb long-wavelength, low-energy photons and convert them into photons in a light band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, and the down-conversion luminescent material can absorb short-wavelength, high-energy photons and convert them into photons in a light band that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight and the current level of the photovoltaic module.

[0144] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the self-gain luminescent material includes an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0145] By using self-gain luminescent materials that include both up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials, long-wavelength, low-energy photons and short-wavelength, high-energy photons can be utilized simultaneously, so that the light-absorbing layer can utilize photons in a wider band, thereby better improving the utilization of sunlight, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and also helping to further increase the current level of photovoltaic modules.

[0146] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulating glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the down-conversion luminescent material is 1:15 to 15:1, optionally 1:10 to 10:1, further optionally 4:6 to 6:4, further optionally 1:(0.95-1.05), further optionally 1:(0.98-1.02), further optionally 1:1. The mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the down-conversion luminescent material in the encapsulating glue layer can also be independently selected from any of the following ratios, and can also be independently selected from the interval consisting of any two of the following ratios: 1:15, 1:12, 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7.5, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4.5, 1:4, 1:3.6, 1:3.5, 1:3, 1:2.5, 1:2, 1:1.5 , 1:1.1, 1:1.05, 1:1.02, 0.95:1, 0.98:1, 1:1, 1:0.98, 1:0.95, 1.02:1, 1.05:1, 1.1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 7.5:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1, etc.

[0147] By adjusting the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the down-conversion luminescent material in the encapsulation glue layer, the absorbable band of the light-absorbing layer can be better matched, thereby more effectively improving the utilization rate of sunlight.

[0148] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material, the down-conversion luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material is (0.1-15): (0.1-15): 1, which can be selected as (0.5-10): (0.5-10): 1, which can be further selected as (1-10): (1-10): 1, which can be further selected as (0.5-2): (0.5-2): 1, which can be further selected as (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05): 1, which can be further selected as (0.98-1.02): (0.98-1.02): 1, which can be further selected as 1:1:1. In the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material, the down-conversion luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material can also be selected from any one of the following situations: (0.2-15): (0.2-15):1.

[0149] Radioactive isotope materials, up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials can be simultaneously arranged in the encapsulation glue layer. At this time, the number of radiation-generated carriers in the gain light-absorbing layer of the radioactive isotope material can be used to increase the current level, and power generation can be achieved in the dark state. The up-conversion luminescent material can also be used to absorb long-wavelength, low-energy photons and convert them into photons in the light band that the light-absorbing layer can absorb, and the down-conversion luminescent material can be used to absorb short-wavelength, high-energy photons and convert them into photons in the light band that the light-absorbing layer can absorb, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material can be used to excite the self-gain luminescent material to generate photons that can be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer to achieve synergistic gain, thereby improving the current level of the photovoltaic module in multiple dimensions, and the photovoltaic module can also be operated in the dark state, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. By adjusting the mass ratio of the three materials of the radioactive isotope material, the up-conversion luminescent material and the down-conversion luminescent material within the aforementioned range, it is conducive to better achieving the synergistic gain effect between the three materials.

[0150] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the self-gain luminescent material at least includes an up-conversion luminescent material. In other embodiments, the self-gain luminescent material at least includes a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0151] Any one or more of any suitable up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials can be selected to provide the self-gain luminescent material, and any suitable combination of different types of self-gain luminescent materials can be made to better match the absorbable wavelength band of the light absorbing layer.

[0152] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes an upconversion luminescent material and a radioactive isotope material. Further, the mass ratio of the upconversion luminescent material to the radioactive isotope material can be 1 to 15, further optionally 0.5 to 10, further optionally 1 to 10, further optionally 0.5 to 2, further optionally 0.95 to 1.05, further optionally 0.98 to 1.02. The mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulating glue layer can also be selected from any of the following values ​​or from an interval consisting of any two of the following values: 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.33, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 0.98, 0.99, 1, 1.01, 1.02, 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.21, 1.25, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc.

[0153] By adjusting the mass ratio of the radioactive isotope material and the up-conversion luminescent material within the aforementioned range, the synergistic gain effect between the two materials can be better achieved.

[0154] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes a down-conversion luminescent material and a radioactive isotope material. Further, the mass ratio of the down-conversion luminescent material to the radioactive isotope material can be 1 to 15, further optionally 0.5 to 10, further optionally 1 to 10, further optionally 0.5 to 2, further optionally 0.95 to 1.05, and further optionally 0.98 to 1.02. The mass ratio of the down-conversion luminescent material to the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulating glue layer can also be selected from any of the following values ​​or from an interval consisting of any two of the following values: 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.33, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 0.98, 0.99, 1, 1.01, 1.02, 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.21, 1.25, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc.

[0155] By adjusting the mass ratio of the radioisotope material and the down-conversion luminescent material within the aforementioned range, the synergistic gain effect between the two materials can be better achieved.

[0156] Without limitation, the up-conversion luminescent material may include one or more of the following up-conversion luminescent materials: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF4, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F8, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4 and 4CzIPN, thioxanthone and triphenylamine, modified materials composed of any of the foregoing materials doped with rare earth elements, and up-conversion luminescent materials derived from any of the foregoing materials; wherein the rare earth elements may include but are not limited to one or more of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi and Ho.

[0157] Without limitation, the down-conversion luminescent material may include one or more of a fluorescent material and a phosphorescent material.

[0158] Without limitation, the fluorescent material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following down-conversion luminescent materials: riboflavin, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine compounds, phycoerythrin, iridium complexes, rare earth element complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthylimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, perovskite luminescent nanomaterials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds (TADF) and chelates of trivalent rare earth lanthanides, fluorescent materials derived from any of the foregoing compounds, and fluorescent materials formed by copolymerization of the foregoing compounds. Among them, "benzophenone compounds" refer to compounds formed by the fusion of multiple benzene rings; "tribenzophenone" refers to benzophenone compounds formed by the fusion of three benzene rings; "higher benzophenone compounds" refer to benzophenone compounds having a fused ring formed by the fusion of at least 4 benzene rings, which is a class of benzophenone compounds and has a fused ring formed by the fusion of at least 4 benzene rings.

[0159] In some non-limiting examples, the phosphorescent material includes a matrix and an activator, and the matrix may include but is not limited to one or more of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates based on Group II metals. The activator may include but is not limited to heavy metals. The heavy metals may include but are not limited to one or more of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb and rare earth metals. Non-limiting examples of rhodamine compounds may include one or more of tetraethyl rhodamine, tetramethyl isothiocyanate rhodamine, etc. Non-limiting examples of thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds and chelates of trivalent rare earth lanthanides may include LaF3:Eu 3+ , among which LaF3:Eu3+ It is a complex formed by coordination, LaF3 and Eu 3+ The molar ratio is 1:1.

[0160] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the down-conversion luminescent material includes a rhodamine compound.

[0161] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain light-emitting material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0162] The up-conversion luminescent material comprises one or more of the following up-conversion luminescent materials: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF4, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F8, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4, 4CzIPN, thioxanthone and triphenylamine, a modified material composed of any of the above materials doped with a rare earth element, and an up-conversion luminescent material derived from any of the above materials; wherein the rare earth element comprises one or more of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi and Ho;

[0163] The down-conversion luminescent material includes one or more of a fluorescent material and a phosphorescent material.

[0164] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain light-emitting material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:

[0165] The fluorescent material includes one or more of the following down-conversion luminescent materials: riboflavin, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine compounds, phycoerythrin, iridium complexes, rare earth element complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthylimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, perovskite luminescent nanomaterials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds and chelates of trivalent rare earth lanthanides, any fluorescent material derived from the aforementioned compounds, and a fluorescent material formed by copolymerization of the aforementioned compounds;

[0166] The phosphorescent material includes a matrix and an activator, wherein the matrix includes one or more of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates based on Group II metals, and the activator includes a heavy metal, and the heavy metal includes one or more of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb and rare earth metals.

[0167] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes a radioactive isotope material, and the radioactive isotope material includes 63 Ni element.

[0168] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes an up-conversion luminescent material, and optionally, the up-conversion luminescent material includes NaYGd:Er.

[0169] In the present application, "NaYGd:Er" is a complex formed by coordination, and the molar ratio of NaYGd to Er is 1:1. Unless otherwise specified, NaYGd:Er is a coordination complex in which the molar ratio of NaYGd to Er is 1:1.

[0170] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes a down-conversion luminescent material, optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes a rhodamine compound, optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes at least one of tetraethyl rhodamine and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, further optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes tetraethyl rhodamine.

[0171] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes a radioactive isotope material, an up-conversion luminescent material, and a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0172] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, in the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain luminescent material includes a radioactive isotope material and also includes at least one of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material; wherein the radioactive isotope material may include 63 Ni element, the up-conversion luminescent material may include NaYGd:Er, and the down-conversion luminescent material may include a rhodamine compound. As a non-limiting example, optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes at least one of and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate; further optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes tetraethylrhodamine.

[0173] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the encapsulation glue layer includes the radioactive isotope material, the up-conversion luminescent material and the down-conversion luminescent material; wherein the radioactive isotope material includes 63 Ni element, the up-conversion luminescent material comprises NaYGd:Er, and the down-conversion luminescent material comprises a rhodamine compound; optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material comprises at least one of tetraethyl rhodamine and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate, and further optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material comprises tetraethyl rhodamine. As a further non-limiting example, the radioactive isotope material is 63 Ni element, the up-conversion luminescent material is NaYGd: Er nano-colloid, and the down-conversion luminescent material is tetraethyl rhodamine.

[0174] Any one or more of any suitable up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials can be selected to provide the self-gain luminescent material, and any suitable combination of different types of self-gain luminescent materials can be made to better match the absorbable wavelength band of the light absorbing layer.

[0175] The encapsulation adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module provided in the present application includes an encapsulation adhesive component. The encapsulation adhesive component may include a resin adhesive. The resin adhesive may be a cured product of a base resin and a resin curing agent. The base resin may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyolefin adhesive, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer adhesive, and polyvinyl butyral adhesive. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable type of resin curing agent and a suitable amount of curing agent according to the selected base resin. In a non-limiting manner, the mass percentage of the base resin and the resin curing agent in the encapsulation adhesive layer may satisfy ≥80%, for example, 80% to 99.8%.

[0176] Without limitation, the encapsulation adhesive layer may also optionally include an antioxidant. The antioxidant may be used to inhibit the degradation of the adhesive film in an oxygen environment. Without limitation, the antioxidant may include but is not limited to one or more antioxidants selected from hindered phenols, phosphites, thioesters, and the like. Without limitation, the mass percentage of the antioxidant in the encapsulation adhesive layer may be 0 to 1%, and may further be 0.5% to 1.0%.

[0177] Without limitation, the encapsulation adhesive layer may also optionally include a silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent may be used to increase the polarity and bonding strength of the adhesive film material. A silane coupling agent known in the art for use in the encapsulation adhesive layer may be used. Without limitation, the mass percentage of the silane coupling agent in the encapsulation adhesive layer may be 0 to 1%, and further may be 0.5% to 1.0%.

[0178] In a non-limiting manner, the encapsulation adhesive layer may include resin adhesive and radioactive isotope material, and may or may not include self-gain luminescent material. The type and content of each component in the encapsulation adhesive layer may be as defined above.

[0179] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, at least one of the "first electrode" and the "second electrode" is a transparent electrode. The transparent electrode is used for light incident. In some embodiments, the first electrode is a transparent electrode. In other embodiments, the second electrode is a transparent electrode. In other embodiments, both the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent electrodes.

[0180] It is understood that the electrode materials in the first electrode and the second electrode each independently include a conductive material. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable conductive material according to the electrode performance requirements of the first electrode and the second electrode, for example, according to the requirements of transparency and conductivity, select a suitable conductive material from materials suitable for the electrode.

[0181] The conductive material may be an organic conductive material, an inorganic conductive material, or a combination of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material.

[0182] Non-limiting examples of organic conductive materials include conductive polymers, which may include one or more of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polythiophene, polyacetylene, and the like.

[0183] Non-limiting examples of inorganic conductive materials include one or more of conductive oxides, metal conductive materials, carbon derivatives, etc. Non-limiting examples of conductive oxides may include one or more of FTO, ITO, IWO, AZO, etc. Non-limiting examples of conductive oxides may include transparent conductive oxides. Non-limiting examples of transparent conductive oxides may include, but are not limited to, one or more of FTO, ITO, AZO, etc. Metal conductive materials may include any one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt), magnesium (Mg), etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing elements. Non-limiting examples of carbon derivatives may include one or more of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0184] Without limitation, the conductive material may include a conductive oxide, further, the conductive material may be a conductive oxide, and further, the conductive material may be a transparent conductive oxide.

[0185] Without limitation, the material of the transparent electrode may be a material known in the art for transparent electrodes. The material of the transparent electrode may be selected from but not limited to one or more of the following materials: FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (tin-doped indium oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), IWO (tungsten-doped indium oxide), etc.

[0186] Based on any suitable implementation manner of the present application, further, in some implementation manners, the second electrode is a non-transparent electrode, which may be a metal electrode.

[0187] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "non-transparent electrode" refers to an electrode with low or no light transmittance, for example, a light transmittance of visible light ≤ 10%, and further optionally ≤ 5%. Non-limiting examples of non-transparent electrodes include metal electrodes.

[0188] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "metal electrode" refers to an electrode mainly comprising a metal conductive material. Usually, the mass proportion of the metal conductive material in the electrode is ≥ 80%, such as 80% to 100%, and further such as 100%.

[0189] When the second electrode is a metal electrode, by setting a radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation glue layer, the high-energy rays generated by the decay of the radioactive isotope material can penetrate the second electrode and act on the light-absorbing layer, excite electron-hole pairs, increase the number of radiation-generated carriers, and increase the current level of the battery layer and the photovoltaic module. In addition, the radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays in the dark state, so it can realize power generation in the dark state, broaden the application environment of the photovoltaic module, and enable the photovoltaic module to work in the dark state.

[0190] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the light absorbing layer includes at least one semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of perovskite, silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, copper zinc tin sulfur and gallium arsenide.

[0191] The photovoltaic module can use any suitable mechanism to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and accordingly, the light absorbing layer can use any suitable semiconductor material. Without limitation, the photoelectric conversion mechanism of semiconductor materials such as perovskite, silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, copper zinc tin sulfur and gallium arsenide is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0192] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the light absorbing layer includes perovskite.

[0193] In the present application, "perovskite" refers to a substance having a perovskite-type crystal structure.

[0194] In some embodiments, the semiconductor material in the light absorbing layer includes perovskite, and the "light absorbing layer" is also called a "perovskite layer", the corresponding photovoltaic module can be called a perovskite module, and the corresponding solar cell can be called a perovskite cell. At this time, in the light absorbing layer, the mass proportion of perovskite in the semiconductor material can be greater than 50%, and further, such as 100%.

[0195] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the light absorbing layer is a perovskite layer.

[0196] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, perovskite includes perovskite-type metal halide. The chemical formula of perovskite-type metal halide may be ABX3, wherein A is a monovalent cation, B is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion.

[0197] Without limitation, A in the perovskite metal halide may include Cs + , K + , Rb + , Li + , organic amine cations, etc. The organic amine cations may include one or more of monovalent amine cations and monovalent amidine cations.

[0198] Non-limiting examples of monovalent amine cations include (NR 21 R 22 R 23 R 24 ) + , (R 21 R 22 N=CR 23 R 24 ) + , (R 21R22 NC(R 25 )=NR 23 R 24 ) + or (R 21 R 22 NC(NR 25 R 26 )=R 23 R 24 ) + , where R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 Each independently selected from H, C 1-20 Alkyl, aryl, substituted C 1-20 Alkyl or substituted aryl; wherein C 1-20 Alkyl and substituted C1-20 The "C" in the alkyl 1-20 "alkyl" are each independently C 1-15 Alkyl, further optionally C 1-10 Alkyl, further optionally C 1-8 Alkyl, further optionally C 1-6 Alkyl, further optionally C 1-4 Alkyl, further optionally C 1-3 The "aryl" in the aryl group and the substituted aryl group can be independently selected from C 6-20 Aryl, further optionally C 6-12 Aryl, further optionally C 6-10 Aryl, further optionally phenyl or naphthyl, further optionally phenyl. 1-20 The substituents in the alkyl and substituted aryl groups are each independently C 1-10 Hydrocarbon, further optionally C 1-6 Alkyl or C 6-10 The aryl group may further be methyl or phenyl.

[0199] Non-limiting examples of monovalent amine cations include CH3NH3 + (Methylamine, MA + ), ammonium (NH4 + ). Non-limiting examples of monovalent amidinium cations include NH2CH=NH2 + (Formamidine, can be written as FA + ).

[0200] Without limitation, B in the perovskite metal halide may include Pb 2+ Sn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ 、Ni 2+ ,Ge 2+ 、Co 2+ and Sb 2+ One or more of .

[0201] Without limitation, B in the perovskite metal halide may include, but is not limited to, divalent cations of one or more of the following elements: lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, europium, and the like.

[0202] Without limitation, X in the perovskite metal halide may include I - Br - , Cl - and F - One or more of .

[0203] Without limitation, X in the perovskite metal halide may include I - Br - and Cl - One or more of .

[0204] Without limitation, X in the perovskite metal halide may include I - Br - One or two of X can be - Br - Or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, X is 1 - .

[0205] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a light absorbing layer, and further includes a first charge transport layer and a second charge transport layer, the first charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the first electrode, and the second charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the obtained second electrode;

[0206] One of the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.

[0207] In some embodiments, one of the "first charge transport layer" and the "second charge transport layer" is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer. In some embodiments, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer. In other embodiments, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer.

[0208] The encapsulation glue layer can be disposed on either the electron transport layer side or the hole transport layer side.

[0209] The electron transport layer can extract and transport electron carriers and block the passage of free holes.

[0210] The hole transport layer can extract and transport hole carriers and block the passage of free electrons.

[0211] As a non-limiting example, the electron transport material in the electron transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and their derivatives: imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine (OMeTPA-FA), calcium titanate (CaTiO3), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine (H101) with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine Amine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), polythiophene, metal oxide (which can be recorded as the first metal oxide), silicon oxide (SiO2), strontium titanate (SrTiO3), calcium titanate, lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), etc.; wherein the metal element in the first metal oxide can include one or more of Mg, Ni, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, Mo, W, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr.

[0212] As a non-limiting example, the electron transport material in the electron transport layer includes one or more of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerene and its derivatives, metal oxides, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride. The definition of metal oxide can refer to the first metal oxide above.

[0213] As a non-limiting example, the hole transport material in the hole transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonic acid, poly3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate-based monomers, carbazole-based monomers, sulfonic acid-based monomers, triphenylamine-based monomers, aromatic monomers, metal oxides (which can be recorded as second metal oxides) and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal elements in the second metal oxide may include one or more of Ni, Mo and Cu.

[0214] As non-limiting examples, the hole transport material in the hole transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and their derivatives: 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), polytriarylamine (PTAA), nickel oxide (NiO x), poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), WO3 and other materials can transport holes and block electrons.

[0215] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a first electrode 400, a photoelectric conversion layer 600, a second electrode 800 and a packaging glue layer 900 which are stacked in sequence. Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module is shown. It can be understood that the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a light absorbing layer 630. Each structural layer can refer to the above definition, for example, the light absorbing layer can be but not limited to a perovskite layer. The features of different structural layers can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0216] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "stacked" means that any two defined structural layers are arranged adjacent to each other, and the two adjacent structural layers may be in direct contact; it is understood that an inevitable transition layer is allowed to be formed in the process of compounding two adjacent structural layers.

[0217] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a first electrode 400, a photoelectric conversion layer 600, a second electrode 800 and a packaging glue layer 900 stacked in sequence, and the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a first charge transport layer 610, a light absorption layer 630 and a second charge transport layer 650, wherein the first charge transport layer 610 is located between the first electrode 400 and the light absorption layer 630, and the second charge transport layer 650 is located between the light absorption layer 630 and the second electrode 800. See Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG. Each structural layer can refer to the above definition, for example, the light absorbing layer can be but not limited to a perovskite layer. The features of different structural layers can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0218] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a substrate layer, and the substrate layer is located on a side of the first electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer. The substrate layer can be, but is not limited to, a glass substrate or a flexible substrate.

[0219] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the base layer is a flexible base layer. Further, the material of the base layer can be, for example, but not limited to, an organic polymer material. Further, the material of the base layer can be mixed by one or more of the following materials in different proportions: including but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyester (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc.

[0220] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a substrate layer 210, a first electrode 400, a photoelectric conversion layer 600, a second electrode 800 and a packaging glue layer 900 which are stacked in sequence. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module is shown. It can be understood that the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a light absorbing layer 630. Each structural layer can refer to the above definition, for example, the light absorbing layer can be but not limited to a perovskite layer. The features of different structural layers can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0221] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes the following structural layers arranged in sequence: a substrate layer, a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation glue layer. Further, the light absorbing layer can be but is not limited to a perovskite layer. Non-limitingly, the substrate layer can be a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. Among them, the flexible substrate can include one or more materials of polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene naphthalate, etc. In some non-limiting examples, at least the first electrode is a transparent electrode for light incident.

[0222] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a substrate layer 210, a first electrode 400, a photoelectric conversion layer 600, a second electrode 800 and a packaging glue layer 900 stacked in sequence, and the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a first charge transport layer 610, a light absorption layer 630 and a second charge transport layer 650, wherein the first charge transport layer 610 is located between the first electrode 400 and the light absorption layer 630, and the second charge transport layer 650 is located between the light absorption layer 630 and the second electrode 800. See also Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG. Each structural layer can refer to the above definition, for example, the light absorbing layer can be but not limited to a perovskite layer. The features of different structural layers can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0223] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes the following structures arranged in sequence: a substrate layer, a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation glue layer. The light absorbing layer may be, but is not limited to, a perovskite layer. In some non-limiting examples, at least the first electrode is a transparent electrode that can be used for light incident. The substrate layer may be, but is not limited to, a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. The definition of a flexible substrate may refer to the above.

[0224] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes the following structures arranged in sequence: a substrate layer, a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a second electrode and an encapsulation glue layer. The light absorbing layer may be, but is not limited to, a perovskite layer. In some non-limiting examples, at least the first electrode is a transparent electrode for light incidence. The substrate layer may be, but is not limited to, a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. The definition of a flexible substrate may refer to the above.

[0225] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a backplane layer, and the backplane layer is located on the side of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer. The material of the backplane layer can be but is not limited to glass. When the backplane layer is made of glass, the backplane layer can also be called "backplane glass" or "glass backplane".

[0226] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a substrate layer 210, a first electrode 400, a photoelectric conversion layer 600, a second electrode 800, a packaging glue layer 900 and a backplane layer 220 which are stacked in sequence. Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module is shown. It can be understood that the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a light absorbing layer 630. Each structural layer can refer to the above definition, for example, the light absorbing layer can be but not limited to a perovskite layer. The features of different structural layers can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0227] The battery layer can be laser-scribed to divide the battery layer into a number of sub-batteries connected in series. For battery layers of suitable sizes, it is also possible not to perform laser-scribe.

[0228] In some embodiments, the battery layer is provided with three cross-layer etching lines P1, P2, and P3, and the P1 etching line, the P2 etching line, and the P3 etching line constitute an etching line group, and the battery layer is divided into a number of sub-batteries connected in series by the etching line group, and each sub-battery includes a P1 etching line, a P2 etching line, and a P3 etching line arranged in sequence along the transverse direction. The P2 etching line is located between the P1 etching line and the P3 etching line. The P1 etching line, the P2 etching line, and the P3 etching line can respectively connect the structural layers set apart, so that the structural layers between the first electrode and the second electrode form a loop. P1, P2, and P3 can each independently be a linear etching line, also referred to as an etching line. P1, P2, and P3 can each independently be a laser etching line. The number of P1, P2, and P3 etching lines corresponds to the number of sub-batteries. Without limitation, P1, P2 and P3 can be arranged as follows: P1 is used to divide the first electrode, and its two ends respectively pass through two opposite surfaces of the first electrode; P2 is used to penetrate and divide the second charge transport layer, the light absorption layer and the first charge transport layer, and the two ends of the P2 etching line are respectively connected to the second electrode and the first electrode; P3 is used to penetrate and divide the second electrode, the second charge transport layer, the light absorption layer and the first charge transport layer, and one end of P3 is connected to the surface of the first electrode, and the other end passes through the outer surface of the second electrode.

[0229] By using the aforementioned etching line groups, the division and cascading of each sub-cell in the cell layer of the photovoltaic module can be realized.

[0230] In the present application, corresponding to the P1 etch line, the P2 etch line and the P3 etch line, the P1 channel, the P2 channel and the P3 channel are formed respectively. The P1 etch line, the P2 etch line and the P3 etch line may also be referred to as the P1 scribing line, the P2 scribing line and the P3 scribing line respectively.

[0231] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "transverse" refers to a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the photoelectric conversion layer. "The thickness direction of the photoelectric conversion layer" can be recorded as "longitudinal". Unless otherwise specified, the structural layers arranged in the photovoltaic module are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal direction.

[0232] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic component 10 includes a substrate layer 210, a first electrode 400, a photoelectric conversion layer 600, a second electrode 800 and an encapsulation glue layer 900 stacked in sequence, and the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a first charge transport layer 610, a light absorption layer 630 and a second charge transport layer 650, wherein the first charge transport layer 610 is located between the first electrode 400 and the light absorption layer 630, and the second charge transport layer 650 is located between the light absorption layer 630 and the second electrode 800; the illustrated photovoltaic component 10 is provided with a plurality of groups of channel subgroups, which divide the battery layer in the photovoltaic component 10 into a plurality of sub-battery regions connected in series, and each group of channel subgroups includes a plurality of sub-battery regions connected in series along The P1 channel, P2 channel and P3 channel are arranged in sequence in the transverse direction, and the P2 channel is located between the P1 channel and the P3 channel; the P1 channel divides the first electrode 400, and the two ends of the P1 channel are respectively located at two opposite surfaces of the first electrode 400; the P2 channel divides the photoelectric conversion layer 600, and one end of the P2 channel is located at a side surface of the first electrode 400 close to the photoelectric conversion layer 600, and the other end is located at a side surface of the second electrode 800 close to the photoelectric conversion layer 600; the P3 channel continuously penetrates and divides the photoelectric conversion layer 600 and the second electrode 800, and one end of the P3 channel is located at a side surface of the first electrode 400 close to the photoelectric conversion layer 600, and the other end is located at a side surface of the second electrode 800 close to the encapsulation glue layer 900. See Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module is shown. It can be understood that the photoelectric conversion layer 600 includes a light absorbing layer 630. Each structural layer can refer to the above definition, for example, the light absorbing layer can be but not limited to a perovskite layer. The features of different structural layers can be combined in any suitable manner.

[0233] It is understood that the structure of the photovoltaic module and the battery layer involved in the present application is not limited to the structural layers listed above, and other functional layers such as buffer layers and insertion layers may be introduced according to requirements.

[0234] Taking a photovoltaic module (i.e., a perovskite module) whose light-absorbing layer is a perovskite layer as an example, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module may be provided with a buffer layer, an insertion layer, etc. with a suitable energy level, which can play one or more roles in reducing energy level barriers, promoting energy level matching, improving carrier extraction efficiency, passivating interface defect states, protecting light-absorbing layers, inhibiting water molecules, oxygen from oxidative decomposition of batteries, improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improving the stability of perovskite batteries. Depending on the location of the buffer layer, the types of buffer layers may include four types: a buffer layer between a hole transport layer and an anode, a buffer layer between an electron transport layer and a cathode, a buffer layer between a hole transport layer and an absorption layer, and a buffer layer between an electron transport layer and an absorption layer. The materials that can be used for the buffer layer in a perovskite battery may include, but are not limited to, Cu2O, NiO, AZO, TiO2, etc. In some embodiments, an insertion layer may be provided between the electron transport layer and the second electrode, and an example of the material of the insertion layer may be bathocuproine (BCP).

[0235] In a second aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, which includes the photovoltaic component described in the first aspect of the present application.

[0236] For solar cells including the aforementioned photovoltaic modules, a radioactive isotope material is provided in the packaging glue layer of the cell layer. Regardless of whether the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a non-transparent electrode (such as a metal electrode), the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material can be used to act on the light-absorbing layer, thereby increasing the current level of the cell layer. When a self-gain luminescent material is also provided in the packaging glue layer, the utilization rate of sunlight can be improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the current level of the photovoltaic module can be improved, and the synergistic effect of the radioactive isotope material and the self-gain luminescent material can be used to further increase the current level of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the aforementioned effect of the radioactive isotope material is also continuous.

[0237] It can be understood that in a solar cell, the first electrode and the second electrode in the photovoltaic module, one is used as a positive electrode or cathode, and the other is used as a negative electrode or anode. The positive electrode can collect electron carriers transmitted through the electron transport layer, and the negative electrode can collect hole carriers transmitted through the hole transport layer.

[0238] In solar cells, after the light-absorbing layer in the photovoltaic module is exposed to light, electron-hole pairs are generated according to the characteristics of the semiconductor material. Free electrons and free holes are transmitted in opposite directions through the corresponding transport layer, so that electrons and holes flow, forming external current, and realizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. Among them, free electrons are transmitted to the positive electrode through the electron transport layer, and free holes are transmitted to the negative electrode through the hole transport layer. The two free carriers are collected by the corresponding electrodes respectively, and further form photocurrent in the circuit of the solar cell.

[0239] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the first charge transport layer is an electron charge transport layer, the first electrode is a cathode, the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the second electrode is an anode. In other embodiments, the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the second electrode is a cathode, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the first electrode is an anode.

[0240] In some embodiments, the solar cell is a perovskite cell, which includes the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect of the present application, and the light absorption layer in the photovoltaic module is a perovskite layer. In this case, the photovoltaic module is a perovskite module.

[0241] When the perovskite battery is working, after the light-absorbing layer is exposed to light, the internal electrons gain energy and break free from the light-absorbing layer to form negatively charged electron carriers, and at the same time form positively charged hole carriers, thereby obtaining electron-hole pairs. Free electrons and free holes are transmitted in opposite directions through the corresponding transport layer, so that electrons and holes flow, forming external current, and realizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. Further, after the perovskite layer absorbs photons, it is stimulated to generate electron-hole pairs, and the electron-hole pairs further dissociate to form free carriers with opposite charges, among which free electrons are transmitted to the positive electrode through the electron transport layer, and free holes are transmitted to the negative electrode through the hole transport layer. The two free carriers are collected by the corresponding electrodes respectively, and further form photocurrent in the circuit of the perovskite battery.

[0242] It can be understood that the perovskite battery includes two electrodes, one of which is a positive electrode that can collect electron carriers transmitted via the electron transport layer, and the other is a negative electrode that can collect hole carriers transmitted via the hole transport layer.

[0243] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the perovskite cell is any one of a reverse pin cell and a formal nip cell.

[0244] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, the perovskite cell includes a first electrode and an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, a second electrode layer and an encapsulation glue layer sequentially stacked on the first electrode, and optionally, the first electrode is a transparent electrode. The transparent electrode is used for light incident.

[0245] Based on any suitable embodiment of the present application, further, in some embodiments, for the trans form, the perovskite cell includes a first electrode and a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence on the first electrode, and optionally, the first electrode is a transparent electrode.

[0246] The specifications of the solar cell are not particularly limited, and taking the perovskite cell as an example, it can be, but not limited to, 300 mm×300 mm.

[0247] In a third aspect of the present application, an electrical device is provided, which includes at least one of the photovoltaic component described in the first aspect of the present application and the solar cell described in the second aspect of the present application.

[0248] For an electrical device including the aforementioned photovoltaic module, a radioactive isotope material is provided in the packaging glue layer of the battery layer. Regardless of whether the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a non-transparent electrode (such as a metal electrode), the high-energy rays generated by the radioactive isotope material can be used to act on the light-absorbing layer, thereby increasing the current level of the battery layer. When a self-gain luminescent material is also provided in the packaging glue layer, the utilization rate of sunlight can be improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the current level of the photovoltaic module can be improved, and the synergistic effect of the radioactive isotope material and the self-gain luminescent material can be used to further increase the current level of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the aforementioned effect of the radioactive isotope material is also continuous.

[0249] In some embodiments, the solar cell can be used as a power generation device of an electrical device. The type of the power generation device can include but is not limited to integrated power generation. The location of the power generation device can include but is not limited to the roof, back panel, etc. of a car.

[0250] Furthermore, the above-mentioned electrical devices may include mobile devices, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, etc., electric vehicles, electric trains, ships and satellites, power generation systems, etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0251] Figure 7 The power consumption device 20 is an automobile, and can further be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

[0252] As another example, the electric device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a calculator, etc.

[0253] As another example, the power-consuming device may be a wearable device, such as a watch.

[0254] In a fourth aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0255] Providing a battery layer, wherein the battery layer comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode arranged in sequence; the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a light absorbing layer;

[0256] A packaging adhesive layer is stacked on a surface of the second electrode on a side away from the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the packaging adhesive layer is as defined in the first aspect of the present application.

[0257] From the perspective of preparation technology, after preparing the battery layer including the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode, the aforementioned light gain type encapsulation glue layer can be stacked on the surface of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0258] In some embodiments, "stacking an encapsulation adhesive layer on the surface of the second electrode on the side away from the photoelectric conversion layer" includes: laminating the substrate layer, the battery layer, the encapsulation adhesive film and the backplane layer placed layer by layer, thereby forming an encapsulation adhesive layer on the surface of the second electrode on the side away from the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0259] Lamination techniques known in the field of photovoltaic technology can be used. Suitable lamination conditions can be selected according to the characteristics of each structural layer to be laminated, for example, a suitable lamination processing temperature can be selected according to the softening point of the polymer component (cured product of the matrix resin). For example, lamination can be performed under the following conditions: 100-180°C (optionally 140-160°C), less than 0.1MPa (optionally 0.04-0.08MPa) and 3min-10min (optionally 4min-8min). Non-limiting examples of lamination temperatures include 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, etc. Non-limiting examples of lamination pressures include 0.03MPa, 0.04MPa, 0.05MPa, 0.06MPa, 0.07MPa, 0.08MPa, etc. Non-limiting examples of lamination time include 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 8min, etc.

[0260] In a fifth aspect of the present application, a packaging film is provided, which may be the packaging film described in the first aspect of the present application, or may be an independent film before being laminated on a photovoltaic module.

[0261] In yet another aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a packaging film is provided, which is used to prepare the packaging film of the fifth aspect of the present application or the packaging film involved in the preparation method of the fourth aspect.

[0262] The encapsulating adhesive film can be prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing various raw materials of the encapsulating adhesive film, and co-extruding to obtain the encapsulating adhesive film.

[0263] The raw materials of the packaging film can be determined according to the chemical composition of the packaging film.

[0264] Without limitation, the temperature of the co-extrusion may be 100-110° C. At the co-extrusion temperature, the encapsulating adhesive composition formed by mixing the raw materials of the encapsulating adhesive film is in a meltable state, flowable, and extrudable.

[0265] In yet another aspect of the present application, a packaging adhesive composition is provided, which can be used to prepare the packaging adhesive film of the fifth aspect of the present application or the packaging adhesive film involved in the preparation method of the fourth aspect.

[0266] In some embodiments, the encapsulant composition includes various raw materials of the encapsulant film.

[0267] In some embodiments, the encapsulant composition is composed of various raw materials of the encapsulant film.

[0268] In some embodiments, the encapsulation adhesive composition includes a resin adhesive raw material and a radioactive isotope material. In a non-limiting manner, the resin adhesive raw material may include a base resin and a resin curing agent. The radioactive isotope material may refer to the above definition.

[0269] Without limitation, the encapsulant composition may or may not include a self-luminous material.

[0270] Without limitation, the encapsulant composition may optionally include an antioxidant.

[0271] Without limitation, the encapsulant composition may further optionally include a silane coupling agent.

[0272] The types of the components in the encapsulating adhesive composition can be as defined above. For example, the matrix resin can include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyolefin glue, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer glue, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer glue, and polyvinyl butyral glue. Those skilled in the art can select the appropriate type of resin curing agent based on the selected matrix resin.

[0273] The mass percentage of each component in the encapsulating adhesive composition can be determined according to the mass percentage of the corresponding component in the encapsulating adhesive film. For example, when there is no volatile solvent in the encapsulating adhesive composition, the mass percentage of the radioisotope material in the encapsulating adhesive composition can be numerically equal to the mass percentage of the radioisotope material in the encapsulating adhesive film; the mass percentage of the resin adhesive raw material in the encapsulating adhesive composition can be numerically equal to the mass percentage of the corresponding resin adhesive in the encapsulating adhesive film.

[0274] In the sixth aspect of the present application, there is provided an application of the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect of the present application, or the solar cell described in the second aspect of the present application, or the power-consuming device described in the third aspect of the present application, or the photovoltaic module prepared by the preparation method described in the fourth aspect of the present application, or the encapsulation film described in the fifth aspect of the present application, or the aforementioned encapsulation composition.

[0275] It can be understood that the application at least includes application in photovoltaic power generation.

[0276] Below, some embodiments of the present application are described. The embodiments described below are exemplary, are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be construed as limiting the present application. In the embodiments, if the technology or conditions are not indicated, they are carried out according to the description above, or according to the technology or conditions described in the document in this area or according to the product specification. The reagents used or the instruments that do not indicate the manufacturer are conventional products that can be obtained commercially, or can be synthesized in a conventional manner by commercially available products.

[0277] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, room temperature refers to 20°C to 30°C, such as 25°C; unless otherwise specified, normal temperature refers to 20°C to 30°C, such as 25°C.

[0278] In the following specific embodiments, the measured parameters of raw material components may have slight deviations within the range of weighing accuracy unless otherwise specified. For temperature and time parameters, acceptable deviations caused by instrument test accuracy or operation accuracy are allowed.

[0279] NaYGd:Er nanocolloid was purchased from the market, wherein the molar ratio of NaYGd to Er was 1:1. 3 NiCl x where x≥2.

[0280] 1. Preparation of encapsulation film

[0281] 1. Preparation method

[0282] The base resin adopts transparent EVA resin, the resin curing agent (i.e., cross-linking curing agent) is diisopropylbenzene peroxide, and the antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.

[0283] The encapsulation adhesive composition includes a transparent EVA resin, a cross-linking curing agent, an antioxidant, a silane coupling agent and a radioactive isotope material, and may or may not include an up-conversion luminescent material, and may or may not include a down-conversion luminescent material; wherein the mass ratio of the transparent EVA resin to the resin curing agent is 100:1 (that is, the mass percentage of the resin curing agent relative to the base resin is 1%), and the mass percentages of the antioxidant and the silane coupling agent in the encapsulation adhesive layer are 0.8% respectively.

[0284] The encapsulating adhesive composition is used as a raw material for preparing the encapsulating adhesive film.

[0285] After the components of the encapsulating adhesive composition are uniformly mixed, they are blended and extruded at 100-110° C. to obtain an encapsulating adhesive film.

[0286] 2. Preparation parameters

[0287] The blending extrusion temperature is about 100-110°C.

[0288] Examples 1 to 26 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 all use the above method to prepare encapsulation films, the difference being that the second electrode material, the type of semiconductor material in the light absorbing layer, and the type of self-enhancement functional material in the encapsulation film and the amount used in the encapsulation composition are different, see Table 1.

[0289] The mass percentage of the self-gain functional material in the encapsulant composition is numerically equal to the mass percentage of the dry weight of the encapsulant composition. In the case where the material loss has little effect, the mass percentage of the self-gain functional material in the encapsulant composition is substantially equal to the mass percentage of the self-gain functional material in the encapsulant film. In this case, the mass percentage of the self-gain functional material in the encapsulant composition is substantially equal to the mass percentage of the self-gain functional material in the encapsulant layer of the photovoltaic module.

[0290] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, "self-gain functional material" includes at least one of a radioactive isotope material, an up-conversion luminescent material, and a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0291] Examples 1 to 6 use basically the same method to prepare photovoltaic modules. The second electrode uses transparent electrode ITO, and radioactive isotope materials are added to the packaging film. Up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are not added. The difference between Examples 1 to 6 is that the amount of radioactive isotope materials used in the packaging composition is different.

[0292] Examples 7 to 9 use a method substantially the same as Example 3 to prepare photovoltaic modules, except that the types of conductive materials in the second electrode are different, the second electrode uses a metal electrode, and the amount of radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation adhesive composition is optionally adjusted.

[0293] Examples 10 to 12 respectively adopt methods basically the same as Example 3 to prepare photovoltaic modules, and all use transparent electrode ITO. The difference from Example 3 is that upconversion luminescent materials are further added in Examples 10 to 12, and the amount of radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation adhesive composition is optionally adjusted.

[0294] Examples 13 to 16 respectively adopt methods substantially the same as Example 3 to prepare photovoltaic modules, and all adopt transparent electrode ITO. The difference from Example 3 is that down-conversion luminescent materials are further added in Examples 13 to 16, and the amount of radioactive isotope materials in the encapsulation adhesive composition is optionally adjusted.

[0295] Examples 17 to 22 respectively adopt methods basically the same as Example 3 to prepare photovoltaic modules, and all use transparent electrode ITO. The difference from Example 3 is that up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are further added in Examples 17 to 22, and the amount of radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation adhesive composition is optionally adjusted.

[0296] Example 23 uses a method substantially the same as Example 3 to prepare a photovoltaic module, using transparent electrode ITO, and the difference from Example 3 is that Example 23 also adds a down-conversion luminescent material. In addition, the types of down-conversion luminescent materials in Example 23 and Example 13 are different.

[0297] Example 24 uses a method basically the same as Example 3 to prepare a photovoltaic module, using transparent electrode ITO. The difference from Example 3 is that the type of radioactive isotope material in Example 24 is different.

[0298] Examples 25 to 26 use a method substantially the same as that of Example 3 to prepare photovoltaic modules, using transparent electrodes ITO. The difference from Example 3 is that the types of semiconductor materials in the light-absorbing layers of Examples 25 to 26 are different.

[0299] Example 25. Disposing different semiconductor materials in the light absorbing layer

[0300] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, except that the steps for preparing the light absorbing layer are different: the assembly including the first charge transport layer is placed in a vacuum thermal evaporation device and evacuated to 4×10 -4 Pa, a 5 μm thick cadmium telluride is deposited on the first charge transport layer to obtain a light absorbing layer.

[0301] Example 26: Disposing different semiconductor materials in the light absorbing layer

[0302] The method is basically the same as that in Example 3, except that the steps for preparing the light absorbing layer are different: the assembly including the first charge transport layer is placed in a vacuum thermal evaporation device and evacuated to 4×10 -4 Pa, copper indium gallium selenide with a thickness of 8 μm is deposited on the first charge transport layer by a co-deposition method to obtain a light absorbing layer.

[0303] 2. Preparation of photovoltaic modules

[0304] 1. Method for preparing photovoltaic modules using encapsulation film

[0305] Preparation of substrate and P1 marking: Use infrared laser to etch P1 (i.e., perform P1 marking) on ​​30cm×30cm FTO conductive glass with a width of 30μm, dividing it into 44 sub-cells; clean and dry the etched conductive glass surface with acetone, isopropanol and deionized water in turn, use the FTO layer as the first electrode, and the base layer is the glass substrate.

[0306] Preparation of the first charge transport layer (hole transport layer): nickel oxide was deposited on the surface of the FTO layer of the first electrode using a magnetron sputtering method with a thickness of about 15 nm.

[0307] Preparation of light-absorbing layer: A layer of perovskite precursor solution is coated on the surface of nickel oxide by slit coating method, and annealed at 150°C for 10 minutes to form a perovskite layer with a thickness of about 500nm. The perovskite metal halide in the perovskite precursor solution is FAPbI3. The molar concentration of the Pb element is 2 mol / L, and the solvent is dimethylformamide (DMF).

[0308] Preparation of the second charge transport layer (electron transport layer): Place the above-mentioned components with the light-absorbing layer into a vacuum thermal evaporation device and evacuate to 4×10 -4 Pa, 30nm of C60 and 8nm of BCP (bathocuproine) were deposited in sequence.

[0309] P2 scribing and preparation of the second electrode: laser etching P2 (i.e., P2 scribing) with a width of 150μm and a depth to the surface of the FTO layer (i.e., penetrating the second charge transport layer, the light absorption layer, and the first charge transport layer), with a spacing of 20μm between the P2 scribing and the P1 scribing; magnetron sputtering method is used to deposit ITO with a thickness of about 80nm to form the second electrode. At this time, the two ends of the P2 scribing are connected to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively.

[0310] P3 scribe line: Picosecond green laser etched P3, the width of P3 scribe line is 15μm, deep to the surface of FTO layer, the interval between P3 scribe line and P2 scribe line is 20μm, the positions of three types of etch lines along the horizontal direction are P1 / P2 / P3, please refer to Figure 6 , where “lateral” is the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light absorbing layer.

[0311] Edge cleaning: Then use infrared edge cleaning on the component, that is, etch 10mm on both sides of the component to obtain the component to be packaged.

[0312] Laminating packaging film: Place the prepared packaging film between the component to be packaged and the back glass, with the packaging film adjacent to the second electrode, and laminate for 5 minutes at 150°C and 0.05MPa to obtain a photovoltaic component, which can be used as a solar cell.

[0313] In this example, "about" with respect to the thickness parameter means ±1 nm.

[0314] 2. Selection of packaging film

[0315] The encapsulation films prepared in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 26 and comparative examples 1 to 10 were used to prepare corresponding photovoltaic modules using the above-mentioned photovoltaic module preparation method to obtain photovoltaic modules corresponding to the embodiments 1 to 26 and comparative examples 1 to 10. See Table 1.

[0316] Comparative Example 1 uses a method basically the same as Example 1 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite compound, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different, and no radioactive isotope material is added to the encapsulation adhesive film in Comparative Example 1.

[0317] Comparative Example 2 uses a method basically the same as Example 25 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is cadmium telluride, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 2, no radioactive isotope material is added to the encapsulation adhesive film, and no up-conversion luminescent material or down-conversion luminescent material is added.

[0318] Comparative Example 3 uses a method basically the same as Example 26 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light absorbing layer is copper indium gallium selenide, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 3, no radioactive isotope material is added to the encapsulation adhesive film, and no up-conversion luminescent material or down-conversion luminescent material is added.

[0319] Comparative Example 4 uses a method basically the same as Example 7 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite compound, and the second electrode is a metal electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different, and no radioactive isotope material is added to the encapsulation adhesive film in Comparative Example 4.

[0320] Comparative Example 5 uses a method basically the same as Example 17 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite compound, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 5, the radioactive isotope material is omitted in the encapsulation adhesive film, and only up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are added.

[0321] Comparative Example 6 uses a method basically the same as Example 7 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite compound, and the second electrode is a metal electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 6, the radioactive isotope material in the encapsulation adhesive film is replaced by a combination of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material.

[0322] Comparative Example 7 uses a method basically the same as Example 25 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is cadmium telluride, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 7, the radioactive isotope material is omitted in the encapsulation adhesive film, and only up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are added.

[0323] Comparative Example 8 uses a method basically the same as Example 26 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light absorbing layer is copper indium gallium selenide, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode. The difference is that the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 8, the radioactive isotope material is omitted in the encapsulation adhesive film, and only up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are added.

[0324] Comparative Example 9 uses a method basically the same as Example 25 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is cadmium telluride. The difference is that the second electrode is changed to a metal Cu electrode, and the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 9, no radioactive isotope material is added to the encapsulation adhesive film, and only up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are added.

[0325] Comparative Example 10 uses a method basically the same as Example 26 to prepare a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the light absorbing layer is copper indium gallium selenide. The difference is that the second electrode is changed to a metal Cu electrode, and the composition of the encapsulation adhesive composition is different. In Comparative Example 10, no radioactive isotope material is added to the encapsulation adhesive film, and only up-conversion luminescent materials and down-conversion luminescent materials are added.

[0326] Table 1.

[0327]

[0328]

[0329]

[0330] 3. Test Analysis

[0331] 1. Performance testing and analysis

[0332] Test object: photovoltaic modules prepared in various embodiments and comparative examples, that is, solar cells prepared in various embodiments and comparative examples.

[0333] (1) Component performance test:

[0334] In the atmospheric environment, the sunlight simulation light source uses the AM1.5G standard light source, and a four-channel digital source meter (Keithley 2440) is used to measure the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the battery under the irradiation of the light source to obtain the open circuit voltage Voc, short circuit current density Jsc, and fill factor FF (Fill Factor) of the battery, thereby calculating the photoelectric conversion efficiency Eff (Efficiency) of the solar cell.

[0335] The photoelectric conversion efficiency is calculated as follows: Eff = Pout / Popt

[0336] =Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)

[0337] =Voc×Jsc×FF

[0338] Among them, Pout, Popt, Vmpp, and Jmpp are the battery operating output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, and maximum power point current, respectively.

[0339] The test analysis results can be found in Table 2.

[0340] (2) Stability test

[0341] After the photovoltaic module to be tested is placed at room temperature (20-30°C), normal pressure (no positive or negative pressure applied), and dark conditions for 500 hours, the performance is tested according to the method in part (1). The relative percentage of the performance value of the initial preparation is recorded as the retention rate of the corresponding performance.

[0342] 2. Test result analysis

[0343] The photovoltaic modules prepared in Examples 1 to 26 all have relatively high short-circuit current density (Jsc) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (Eff), and the photovoltaic modules have high current levels and good overall performance. According to the stability test results, after the photovoltaic modules in each embodiment are placed under normal temperature, normal pressure, and dark conditions for 500 hours, the retention rates of short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency are basically above 95% (≥95%), and some can reach above 98% (≥98%), and even some can reach above 99% (≥99%), and the performance stability of the photovoltaic modules is good. For example, the test values ​​of short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency after being placed under normal temperature, normal pressure, and dark conditions for 500 hours are 23.1 mA / cm 2 and 17.3%, respectively, and 23.3 mA / cm in Example 6 2 and 17.2%, respectively, and 23.8 mA / cm in Example 15. 2 and 17.9%, respectively, and 23.3 mA / cm in Example 16. 2 and 18.0%.

[0344] In Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, no radioactive isotope material, up-conversion luminescent material or down-conversion luminescent material is added to the packaging film.

[0345] When the second electrode is a transparent electrode (specifically an ITO electrode), and the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite layer, for example, relative to the photovoltaic modules in Examples 1 to 6 and 10 to 24, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module prepared in Comparative Example 1 are decreased to varying degrees; relative to the photovoltaic module in Example 25, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 2 are significantly decreased; relative to the photovoltaic module in Example 26, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 3 are significantly decreased;

[0346] When the second electrode is a metal Cu electrode, taking the light absorbing layer as a perovskite layer as an example, relative to the photovoltaic modules of Examples 7-8, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 4 are significantly reduced.

[0347] In comparative examples 5-8, no radioactive isotope material is provided in the encapsulating film, and only up-conversion luminescent material and down-conversion luminescent material are provided. When the types of semiconductor materials in the light-absorbing layer and the types of conductive materials of the second electrode are the same, the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly in Example 17 are improved relative to those in comparative example 5; the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly in Example 7 are improved relative to those in comparative example 6; the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly in Example 25 are improved relative to those in comparative example 7; the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly in Example 26 are improved relative to those in comparative example 8.

[0348] Taking the case where the semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer is perovskite as an example, compared with the photovoltaic module of Example 17, the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 5 are both reduced;

[0349] Taking the second electrode as a metal electrode as an example, compared with the photovoltaic module of Example 7, the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 6 are both reduced;

[0350] Taking cadmium telluride as the semiconductor material in the light-absorbing layer as an example, relative to the photovoltaic module of Example 25, the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 7 are both reduced;

[0351] Taking copper indium gallium selenide as the semiconductor material in the light absorbing layer as an example, compared with the photovoltaic module of Example 26, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 8 are both reduced.

[0352] In Comparative Examples 9-10, taking the second electrode as a metal Cu electrode as an example, a comparison is made when the same light-absorbing layer semiconductor material is used. Relative to the photovoltaic module of Example 25, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 9 are both reduced; relative to the photovoltaic module of Example 26, the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 10 are both significantly reduced.

[0353] Table 2.

[0354]

[0355] The above description of various embodiments tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The same or similar aspects can be referenced to each other, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated herein.

[0356] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0357] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is relatively detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent. In addition, without departing from the scope of the subject matter of the present application, various deformations that can be thought of by those skilled in the art and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It includes a battery layer and a packaging glue layer, wherein the battery layer includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode arranged in sequence, and the packaging glue layer is located on a side of the second electrode away from the photoelectric conversion layer; the photoelectric conversion layer includes a light absorbing layer; Wherein, the packaging glue layer includes radioactive isotope material.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radioactive isotope material can generate high-energy rays with energy ≥100 eV.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The radioactive isotope material includes one or more of an α-type radiation source material and a β-type radiation source material.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radioisotope material meets one or more of the following characteristics: The α-type radiation source material includes 210 Po, 228 Th, 235 U. 238 Pu, 241 Am, 242 Cm and 244 Cm, and one or more of the elements or substances selected from compounds containing at least one of the aforementioned radioactive elements; The β-type radiation source material includes 3 H2、Ti 3 H4, 14 C. 35 S. 63 You, 90 Sr. 90 Sr / 90 Y. 99 Tc, 106 Such as 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 147 Pm, 151 Sm and 226 Ra, and one or more elements or substances selected from compounds containing at least one of the foregoing elements; The radioactive isotope material at least includes a β-type radiation source material.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The mass proportion of the β-type radiation source material in the radioactive isotope material is 50% to 100%, optionally 80% to 100%, and further optionally 100%.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the radioactive isotope material in the packaging glue layer is 0.01% to 10%, optionally 0.05% to 10%, further optionally 0.1% to 5%, and further optionally 0.25% to 0.5%.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The second electrode is a transparent electrode, and the encapsulation glue layer further includes a self-gain luminescent material. The self-gain luminescent material can convert at least a portion of incident photons into photons in a wavelength band that can be absorbed by the light absorbing layer.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the self-gain luminescent material to the radioactive isotope material is (0.5-20):1, can be (1-5):1, and can further be (1.5-2.5):

1.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the self-gain luminescent material in the packaging glue layer is 0.01% to 10%, optionally 0.05% to 10%, further optionally 0.1% to 5%, and further optionally 0.5% to 1%.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The self-gain luminescent material includes at least one of an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that: The self-gain luminescent material includes an up-conversion luminescent material and a down-conversion luminescent material; Optionally, in the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material to the down-conversion luminescent material is 1:15 to 15:1, further optionally 1:10 to 10:1, further optionally 4:6 to 6:4, further optionally 1:(0.95-1.05), further optionally 1:

1.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: In the encapsulation glue layer, the mass ratio of the up-conversion luminescent material, the down-conversion luminescent material and the radioactive isotope material is (0.1-15):(0.1-15):1, which can be (0.5-10):(0.5-10):1, which can be further (1-10):(1-10):1, which can be further (0.95-1.05):(0.95-1.05):1, which can be 1:1:

1.

13. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that: In the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain light-emitting material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics: The up-conversion luminescent material comprises one or more of the following up-conversion luminescent materials: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF4, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F8, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4, 4CzIPN, thioxanthone and triphenylamine, a modified material composed of any of the above materials doped with a rare earth element, and an up-conversion luminescent material derived from any of the above materials; wherein the rare earth element comprises one or more of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi and Ho; The down-conversion luminescent material includes one or more of a fluorescent material and a phosphorescent material.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that: In the encapsulation glue layer, the self-gain light-emitting material satisfies one or more of the following characteristics: The fluorescent material includes one or more of the following down-conversion luminescent materials: riboflavin, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine compounds, phycoerythrin, iridium complexes, rare earth element complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthylimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, perovskite luminescent nanomaterials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds and chelates of trivalent rare earth lanthanides, any fluorescent material derived from the aforementioned compounds, and a fluorescent material copolymerized from the aforementioned compounds; wherein the higher acene compound refers to an acene compound having a fused ring formed by condensing at least 4 benzene rings; The phosphorescent material includes a matrix and an activator, wherein the matrix includes one or more of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates based on Group II metals, and the activator includes a heavy metal, and the heavy metal includes one or more of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb and rare earth metals.

15. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that: The encapsulation glue layer includes the radioactive isotope material, the up-conversion luminescent material and the down-conversion luminescent material; the encapsulation glue layer satisfies one or more of the following characteristics: The packaging glue layer includes a radioactive isotope material, and the radioactive isotope material includes 63 Ni element; The encapsulation glue layer includes an up-conversion luminescent material. Optionally, the up-conversion luminescent material includes NaYGd:Er; wherein NaYGd:Er is a coordination complex with a molar ratio of NaYGd to Er of 1:1; The encapsulation glue layer includes a down-conversion luminescent material, and the down-conversion luminescent material includes a rhodamine compound. Optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes at least one of tetraethyl rhodamine and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate. Further optionally, the down-conversion luminescent material includes tetraethyl rhodamine.

16. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The second electrode is a non-transparent electrode, which may be a metal electrode.

17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The light absorbing layer includes at least one semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of perovskite, silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, copper zinc tin sulfur and gallium arsenide.

18. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion layer further comprises a first charge transport layer and a second charge transport layer, wherein the first charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the first electrode, and the second charge transport layer is located between the light absorbing layer and the obtained second electrode; One of the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.

19. A solar cell, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module comprises any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. An electrical device, characterized in that: It comprises at least one of the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and the solar cell according to claim 19.

21. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The steps include: Providing a battery layer, wherein the battery layer comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode arranged in sequence; the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a light absorbing layer; A packaging adhesive layer is stacked on a surface of the second electrode on a side away from the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the packaging adhesive layer is as defined in any one of claims 1 to 18.

22. A packaging film, characterized in that: The encapsulation adhesive layer according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

23. Use of the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or the solar cell according to claim 19, or the power-consuming device according to claim 20, or the photovoltaic module prepared by the preparation method according to claim 21, or the encapsulation film according to claim 22 in photovoltaic power generation.

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