Turbine dosing system

Abstract

A turbine dosing system for a turbocharger is disclosed. The turbine dosing system includes a turbine inlet passage (112), a turbine wheel chamber, and a turbine outlet passage (116). The turbine inlet passage is configured to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The turbine wheel chamber is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage. The turbine wheel chamber accommodates a turbine wheel that is supported for rotation about a turbine wheel axis. The turbine wheel includes an outlet deflector defining an outlet deflector diameter. The turbine outlet passage is downstream of the turbine wheel chamber and is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber. The turbine outlet passage is at least partially defined by a structure including a dosing module mount (122) configured to receive a dosing module (32). The turbine outlet passage defines a flow axis extending from the downstream end of the turbine wheel. The dosing module mount is located within a range of about 10 times the outlet deflector diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a turbine dosing system, a turbocharger, an engine arrangement, a turbine housing, a connection adapter, an aftertreatment fluid dosing conduit and associated methods.

[0002] Turbochargers are used in internal combustion engine systems to increase the intake pressure of the air entering the engine to a pressure above atmospheric pressure. This is called "boosting". By increasing the intake pressure of the air entering the engine, more oxygen is available in the engine to support the combustion of a larger amount of fuel, thereby increasing the amount of power produced by the engine.

[0003] A turbocharger includes a compressor and a turbine. The compressor includes a compressor impeller configured to transfer energy to an incident fluid flow, and the turbine includes a turbine impeller configured to extract energy from the incident fluid flow. The compressor impeller and the turbine impeller are attached to opposite ends of the turbocharger shaft so that the two rotate synchronously. The compressor receives intake air from the atmosphere and delivers the intake air to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. The turbine receives exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine and delivers the exhaust gas to the aftertreatment system. During use, the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine passes through the turbine, causing the turbine impeller to rotate. The rotation of the turbine impeller drives the compressor impeller, which acts to compress the intake air as it is delivered to the intake manifold.

[0004] The exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine contains substances that are harmful to the environment. Most countries have vehicle emission standards that limit the amount of such substances that an internal combustion engine system is allowed to emit. Therefore, modern internal combustion engine systems include exhaust aftertreatment systems that are designed to remove harmful substances from the exhaust gas.

[0005] Typically, the exhaust aftertreatment system will include a particulate filter and one or more catalytic reducers. The particulate filter removes heavy combustion products, such as soot, from the exhaust. The catalytic reducer removes harmful substances, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), from the exhaust. The catalytic reducer typically includes a large number of narrow channels made of selected materials to support the chemical reaction of removing NOx from the exhaust. The narrow channel provides a larger surface area for the occurrence of the catalytic reaction. Several catalytic reducers are available on the market, such as two-way catalytic reducers, three-way catalytic reducers, diesel oxidation catalytic reducers (DOCs), and selective catalytic reducers (SCRs). DOCs and SCRs are typically used in diesel engine systems. Specifically for SCR, in order for the SCR reaction to work, the exhaust aftertreatment fluid must be mixed with the exhaust before the exhaust enters the catalytic reducer. The exhaust aftertreatment fluid is typically a mixture of about 30% to 35% by volume of urea (CO(NH2)2) and about 65% to 70% by volume of deionized water (H2O). Exhaust aftertreatment fluids are commonly referred to as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) and are commonly sold under the registered trademark AdBlue.

[0006] Traditionally, DEF is mixed with the exhaust gas in a decomposition chamber. DEF is injected into the decomposition chamber using a dosing module. In the decomposition chamber, heat is exchanged from the exhaust gas to the DEF, which causes the water in the DEF to evaporate and the urea to thermally decompose into the reducing agents ammonia (NH3) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) required to support the SCR reaction.

[0007] A typical decomposition chamber includes a relatively large cross-sectional area compared to the width of a standard exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas entering the decomposition chamber expands, causing the exhaust gas velocity to decrease and the exhaust gas pressure to increase. This rapid expansion of the exhaust gas causes the formation of turbulent vortices. DEF is then injected into the decomposition chamber, and the turbulent vortices then cause the DEF to mix with the exhaust gas. The heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the DEF causes the urea in the DEF to decompose into a reductant, and the mixture of the reductant and the exhaust gas is then delivered to the SCR.

[0008] If the exhaust and DEF are not mixed well enough, the heat exchange between the DEF and the exhaust will not be sufficient to decompose the DEF into the required reductants. In addition, poor mixing means that the reductants are not evenly distributed in the flow, and therefore certain channels of the catalytic reducer will not receive enough reductants to support the SCR reaction. In order to ensure adequate mixing, the decomposition chamber typically includes a mixing plate configured to produce additional turbulence. However, the additional turbulence caused by the mixing plate and the fluid friction exerted by the mixing plate on the exhaust gas create back pressure on the exhaust gas in the decomposition chamber. This back pressure is transmitted upstream and acts to increase the pumping work required by the internal combustion engine, and thus reduces the overall efficiency of the engine system. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in this technical field.

[0009] There exists a need to provide an alternative system that overcomes one or more disadvantages of known systems (whether or not mentioned in this document).

[0010] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbine dosing system for a turbocharger, the turbine dosing system comprising:

[0011] a turbine inlet passage configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine;

[0012] a turbine wheel chamber configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber housing a turbine wheel supported for rotation about a turbine wheel axis, the turbine wheel including an outlet inducer defining an outlet inducer diameter; and

[0013] a turbine outlet passage located downstream of the turbine wheel chamber and configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber, the turbine outlet passage being at least partially defined by structure including a distribution module mount configured to receive a distribution module, the turbine outlet passage defining a flow axis extending from a downstream end of the turbine wheel;

[0014] The distribution module mounting seat is located within a range of about 10 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis.

[0015] The turbine distribution system may include a radial turbine. The turbine distribution system may include an axial turbine. The turbine distribution system may form part of a turbocharger distribution system. The turbine distribution system may form part of a turbocompound system (e.g., a system in which a turbine delivers mechanical work to a crankshaft of an engine, either in place of or in addition to a compressor). In the absence of a distribution module, the turbine distribution system may be referred to as a turbine (e.g., a turbine for a turbine distribution system).

[0016] The turbocharger (particularly its turbine) may be a fixed geometry turbine or a variable geometry turbine.The turbocharger (particularly its turbine) may incorporate a wastegate.

[0017] The turbine inlet passage may be defined by a volute. The volute defines a generally helical geometry, the cross-section of which varies along its extent. The term "passage" refers to a volume defined or bounded by a surrounding structure, through which a fluid may flow.

[0018] The turbine wheel chamber refers to the volume that accommodates the turbine wheel. The downstream end of the turbine wheel chamber may be located in the plane of the downstream end of the turbine wheel. The opposite end of the turbine wheel chamber may be located in the plane of the rear surface of the hub of the turbine wheel.

[0019] The term "exit inducer" refers to the portion of the turbine impeller from which the exhaust gas is discharged. In other words, the term "exit inducer" encompasses the portion of the turbine impeller that serves as the outlet of the turbine impeller (i.e., the distal end of the turbine impeller from the perspective of the turbine body flow traveling therethrough). The outlet inducer diameter refers to the diameter of the turbine impeller at the most downstream point of the blades. In other words, the term "exit inducer diameter" encompasses the diameter of the outlet inducer at the distalmost portion of the turbine impeller from the perspective of the turbine body flow. The turbine impeller may also include an inlet inducer through which the exhaust gas enters the turbine impeller.

[0020] The turbine impeller may be a radial turbine impeller including an inlet guide and an outlet guide. The radial turbine impeller may be configured to receive incident exhaust gas (at its inlet guide) in a radial direction relative to the turbine impeller axis. An "outlet guide" is not intended to refer to features of the turbine impeller that are not used to discharge exhaust gas into a turbine outlet passage (e.g., an impeller nut, an aftertreatment dosing cup, etc.). The turbine impeller may be a cupless turbine impeller (e.g., a case where the impeller hub does not have a dosing cup into which the aftertreatment fluid is injected, which atomizes the aftertreatment fluid before it is dispersed into the exhaust). A turbine impeller incorporating such a cup may be referred to as a radial suspension atomizer, a radial atomizer, a centrifugal atomizer, or a rotary atomizer.

[0021] The term "flow axis" refers to the axis about which the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet channel generally rotates when flowing through the turbine outlet channel (along the flow axis). It will be understood that the flow axis does not have to be a straight axis compared to the turbine impeller axis. The flow axis may be at least partially arcuate. The flow axis may be described as an imaginary line drawn along and through the turbine outlet channel, the line being located at the geometric center of the turbine outlet channel. The flow axis may vary according to the geometry of the structure defining the turbine outlet channel. For example, if the turbine outlet channel includes a bend, the flow axis may also include a bend (e.g., at least partially arcuate) because the direction of the exhaust gas flow in the turbine outlet channel will be forced to change due to the bend in the turbine outlet channel. It can be said that the flow axis defines a fluid flow path, along which the turbine body flow generally flows once it flows downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller. For at least a portion of the range of the flow axis, the flow axis may coincide with the turbine impeller axis. The flow axis may extend from the turbine impeller axis.

[0022] The term "turbine outlet passage" encompasses any flow path configured to receive exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine impeller at a position downstream of the turbine impeller chamber (preferably, immediately downstream of the turbine impeller chamber). The purpose of the turbine outlet passage is to process and / or regulate the exhaust flow in the area where the vortex and flow velocity are the highest. The "turbine outlet passage" according to the present invention may include a structure configured to regulate the exhaust flow, for example, a structure configured to dissipate the vortex, such as a fin, or a structure for convection deceleration, such as a diffuser. However, the term "turbine outlet passage" is not intended to encompass a flow passage located significantly downstream of the turbine impeller chamber (for example, once the vortex dissipates or the airflow is decelerated, the flow passage processes the exhaust flow). The turbine outlet passage may be considered to begin at the downstream end (e.g., the most downstream end or the outer end) of the turbine impeller or impeller chamber, and may extend from the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis by no more than about 10 times the diameter of the outlet guide. The turbine outlet passage may extend from the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis by no more than about 7 times the diameter of the outlet guide. The turbine outlet channel may extend no more than about 3 times the outlet inducer diameter from the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis. The effective end of the turbine outlet channel may be defined by the point where the channel stops diverging (e.g., where the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel orthogonal to the flow axis becomes constant). This may be described as the end of the diffuser portion or diverging portion. The turbine outlet channel may diverge along its entire extent (e.g., along the axial length of the flow axis). The turbine outlet channel may diverge along at least a portion of its extent.

[0023] The turbine wheel may be secured to the shaft by a turbine wheel nut. The wheel nut may be coaxial with the turbine wheel axis and configured to rotate about the turbine wheel axis. The turbine wheel nut may define an effective end face or a most downstream end of the turbine wheel. The distribution module mount may be disposed within about 7 inducer diameters of the end face of the turbine wheel nut along the flow axis.

[0024] The structure may be a wall. The structure may be part of a turbine housing, a connection adapter or a duct. Thus, the turbine housing may include a dosing module mounting seat. The connection adapter may include a dosing module mounting seat. Alternatively, the duct may include a dosing module mounting seat. Thus, the dosing module may be mounted to the turbine housing, the connection adapter or the duct.

[0025] The term "distribution module mounting seat" encompasses a structure configured to align with and support a distribution module. The distribution module mounting seat can be integrally formed with the structure that at least partially defines the turbine outlet passage, or can be attached to the structure by a joining process (e.g., welding or brazing). Given that the distribution module mounting seat is configured to receive the distribution module, it will be understood that the position of the distribution module mounting seat (e.g., its opening) indicates the position of the distribution module once the distribution module is received in the distribution module mounting seat. Therefore, the distribution module mounting seat position defines the position of the distribution module and the post-treatment fluid injection (e.g., the main impact zone defined by the spray cone of the distribution module) in the assembled distribution system. The main impact zone is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine impeller chamber. The main impact zone is preferably located entirely within the turbine outlet passage.

[0026] As used herein, the term "dispensing module" encompasses any device configured to introduce an aftertreatment fluid into a turbine outlet passage. The aftertreatment fluid may be a fluid required to support a chemical reaction during exhaust aftertreatment. For example, the aftertreatment fluid may be DEF for an SCR process. The aftertreatment fluid may include a reductant (i.e., a reducing agent). The dispensing module may be in fluid communication with a tank or reservoir that stores a supply source (e.g., volume) of the aftertreatment fluid. Actuation (e.g., injection) of the dispensing module may be controlled by a controller. The controller may be an engine control unit (ECU) or linked (e.g., electrically connected) to the ECU.

[0027] The distribution module can be a self-atomizing distribution module. As known to those skilled in the art, distribution modules of self-atomizing and non-self-atomizing types for use in exhaust aftertreatment systems are available. As used herein, a "self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module configured to produce a fine spray or mist of an aftertreatment fluid ejected from the outlet of the distribution module, which can be achieved by mixing compressed air with the aftertreatment liquid. In contrast, a "non-self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module that introduces a uniform stream of aftertreatment fluid (mainly liquid), which is atomized after colliding with a moving object (e.g., a rotating cup mounted on a turbine impeller).

[0028] The distance of the distribution module mounting from the downstream end of the turbine wheel may specifically refer to the position of the centroid of the opening of the distribution module mounting along the flow axis taken at the shortest distance from the flow axis.

[0029] Typically, the aftertreatment fluid is mixed with the exhaust gas in a decomposition chamber and then injected into the decomposition chamber using a dosing module. Known decomposition chambers are located close to the vehicle exhaust pipe (e.g., at a location substantially downstream of the engine). In the decomposition chamber, heat is exchanged from the exhaust gas to the DEF, which results in evaporation of water within the DEF and thermal decomposition of urea into the reducing agents ammonia (NH3) and isocyanic acid (HNCO), which are necessary to support the SCR reaction.

[0030] A typical decomposition chamber has a relatively large cross-sectional area compared to the width of a standard exhaust duct. Exhaust gas entering the decomposition chamber expands, causing exhaust gas velocity to decrease and exhaust gas pressure to increase. The rapid expansion of the exhaust gas causes a turbulent vortex to form. DEF is then injected into the decomposition chamber, and the turbulent vortex then causes the DEF to mix with the exhaust gas. The heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the DEF causes the urea in the DEF to decompose into a reductant, and the reductant and exhaust gas mixture is then delivered to the SCR.

[0031] The temperature of the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage is higher than the temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the turbine outlet passage, which loses energy due to transient heat dissipation, pipe friction, etc. When the aftertreatment fluid is injected into the turbine outlet passage, the higher temperature of the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage causes the aftertreatment fluid to decompose faster and more completely than if DEF is injected into a downstream decomposition chamber. Therefore, in many cases, the need for a mixing plate and / or a decomposition chamber can be eliminated.

[0032] It is also advantageous to provide a dosing module mounting seat and a dosing module in the turbine outlet passage for packaging reasons (i.e., components that might otherwise be required can be omitted from the system). Providing the dosing module mounting seat at a position relatively close to the engine also means that the length of the electrical and coolant lines can be shortened, thereby providing cost benefits. The turbine outlet passage is also an area where the exhaust gas that has been expanded through the turbine impeller has a relatively high swirl. The high swirl creates a high turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) area in the flow, which is conducive to fully mixing the reductant fluid with the exhaust flow and distributing the reductant fluid within the exhaust flow. Therefore, for at least the above reasons, it is advantageous to position the dosing module mounting seat and the dosing module within a range of approximately 10 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis.

[0033] Incorporating a dosing module mount into the turbine outlet passage provides a convenient way of aligning and securing the dosing module to the turbine outlet passage.

[0034] The turbine dosing system may further include a dosing module mounted to the dosing module mount and configured to inject aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage via an outlet of the dosing module.

[0035] The term "outlet" refers to the portion in the distribution module from which the aftertreatment fluid leaves (i.e., is discharged from) the distribution module. That is, the portion of the distribution module from which the aftertreatment fluid flows out. The outlet can be, for example, a hole. The outlet can be defined in a nozzle of the distribution module. The distribution module is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet channel, which is intended to mean that the distribution module injects the aftertreatment fluid directly into at least the turbine body flow (e.g., the core exhaust flow).

[0036] The distribution module may be located within about 10 times the outlet inducer diameter, within about 7 times the outlet inducer diameter, within about 5 times the outlet inducer diameter, and within about 3 times the outlet inducer diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller. The distribution module may be located at least about 1 times the outlet inducer diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller. The distribution module is preferably located within a range between about 1 times the outlet inducer diameter and about 3 times the outlet inducer diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller.

[0037] The distance of the distribution module from the downstream end of the turbine wheel specifically refers to the position of the centroid of the outlet of the distribution module along the flow axis taken at the shortest distance from the flow axis. The position of the distribution module (e.g. the centroid of its outlet) can be substantially the same as the position of the distribution module mounting seat (e.g. the centroid of its opening).

[0038] The dispensing module mount may include an engagement surface; and

[0039] The dosing module may engage with the engagement surface.

[0040] The term "engaging surface" encompasses any surface of a dispensing module mounting seat that contacts the dispensing module. The engaging surface may define a surface that is complementary (e.g., opposite) to a surface of the dispensing module. The engaging surface may be a flange. The engaging surface may include a discontinuity, such as an opening or a threaded hole, that may extend through the surface and may allow the dispensing module to be connected to the dispensing module mounting seat.

[0041] The dispensing module can be fixed to the dispensing module mounting seat by several types of retaining devices. The dispensing module can be retained by an interference fit with the engagement surface of the dispensing module mounting seat. Alternatively, the dispensing module can be retained by threaded engagement with the engagement surface. In addition, alternatively, the dispensing module can be retained by fasteners. Suitable fasteners include bolts and screws. In another example, the dispensing module can be fixed to the engagement surface by using a clamp (e.g., a V-shaped band clamp) that is configured to apply a force between the dispensing module and the engagement surface.

[0042] The engagement surface may not directly engage the dosing module. For example, a gasket, such as a graphite gasket, may be provided between the dosing module and the engagement surface.

[0043] The advantage of providing an engagement surface advantageously means that the dosing module can be easily engaged with the turbine outlet passage and, if necessary, disengaged from the turbine outlet passage. This is particularly beneficial during assembly, maintenance, testing and / or repair of the turbine dosing system (particularly the dosing module thereof).

[0044] The dispensing module mount may include a boss.

[0045] As used herein, the term "boss" encompasses a protruding structure. The boss may extend in a direction away from a structure that at least partially defines a turbine outlet passage. Specifically, the boss may extend from the turbine outlet passage in a radial direction relative to the turbine wheel axis and / or the flow axis.

[0046] The boss may include a hole configured to receive a portion of the dispensing module. Specifically, the hole may receive a nozzle of the dispensing module. The hole may define an inner surface of the boss. The inner surface may be a threaded surface. The threaded surface of the hole may be configured to engage with a complementary threaded surface provided on the dispensing module or on the plug-in connector to attach the dispensing module to the dispensing module mounting seat.

[0047] The boss may also include (or, alternatively, include) an external threaded surface. The external threaded surface may define an engagement surface with which a threaded surface of a dosing module or a connector may threadably engage to secure the dosing module to the dosing module mount.

[0048] An advantage of the distribution module mounting comprising a boss is that the distribution module need not extend (i.e. protrude) into the turbine outlet passage (and have the exhaust gas impinge on the distribution module in the turbine outlet passage). In other words, the distribution module can be recessed relative to the turbine outlet passage. Thus, undesirable disturbances to the exhaust gas flow in the turbine outlet passage, which could result in unnecessary back pressure and associated reduced efficiency, can be avoided.

[0049] Another benefit of using the bosses is that the distribution module can be externally mounted to the structure defining the turbine outlet passage. Externally mounting the distribution module provides improved accessibility for operators when inspecting, installing and removing the distribution module from the distribution module mounting seat.

[0050] The boss may include a flange, and a surface of the flange may define the engagement surface.

[0051] The flange may be a protruding edge or a collar.The flange may be provided at a distal end of the boss (eg, a radially outermost end of the boss relative to the turbine wheel axis and / or the flow axis).

[0052] The use of flanges to define the engagement surface is advantageous in aligning the dispensing module with the dispensing module mounting seat. For example, the flanges may include features such as recesses and protrusions that are configured to align the dispensing module with the dispensing module mounting seat. The use of flanges may also increase the relative ease with which the dispensing module engages with the dispensing module mounting seat. The incorporation of flanges also facilitates the use of a clamp (e.g., a V-band clamp) to secure the dispensing module to the dispensing module mounting seat.

[0053] The flange can extend around the periphery of the boss. Specifically, the flange can extend around the entire periphery of the boss. Alternatively, the flange can extend only around a portion of the periphery of the boss.

[0054] The structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage may include an opening; and

[0055] The dosing module may be configured to inject the post-treatment fluid through the opening.

[0056] The term "opening" encompasses a hole, a hole or an orifice. An opening may be viewed as providing a fluid path between the turbine outlet passage and an area external to the turbine outlet passage. In other words, an opening may provide fluid communication through a structure defining the turbine outlet passage.

[0057] "Injecting the after-treatment fluid through the opening" is intended to mean that at the point where the injected after-treatment fluid passes through the opening, the after-treatment fluid is in a state where it can readily mix with the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage without interacting with any additional components to promote atomization of the after-treatment fluid. Thus, the term "injection" refers to discharging the after-treatment fluid under pressure so that it is discharged through the opening as a fine spray or mist that can readily mix with the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage. In contrast, an after-treatment system that does not inject the after-treatment fluid may first deliver the after-treatment fluid to a component (e.g., an atomizer cup) that promotes atomization of the after-treatment fluid to promote mixing with the exhaust gas.

[0058] Injecting the aftertreatment fluid through the openings advantageously means that the dosing module can be recessed relative to the turbine outlet passage. This reduces disturbances to the exhaust gas flow which might otherwise recirculate near the dosing module.

[0059] The distribution module mount may be located within about 5 inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0060] The centroid of the opening of the distribution module mount may be located within about 5 inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0061] The outlet of the distribution module may be located within about 5 inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0062] The distance of the outlet of the distribution module downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller specifically refers to the position along the flow axis obtained when the centroid of the outlet of the distribution module is at the shortest distance from the flow axis. Since the outlet of the distribution module is located within the range of about 5 times the diameter of the outlet guide of the turbine impeller, the outlet of the distribution module and therefore the position where the after-treatment fluid is injected into the turbine outlet channel are relatively close to the turbine impeller. This ensures that the after-treatment fluid is injected into a relatively high-energy exhaust flow, which does not lose energy due to pipe friction, transient heat loss, etc. The exhaust flow relatively close to the outlet guide has a relatively high vortex, which in turn produces an area of ​​relatively high turbulent kinetic energy. Injecting the after-treatment fluid into the exhaust gas with relatively high temperature, energy and vortex in the exhaust flow promotes the decomposition of the after-treatment fluid into ammonia and isocyanic acid to support the downstream SCR reaction. It also promotes the uniform distribution of the after-treatment fluid in the exhaust flow, thereby improving the efficiency of the after-treatment process in removing harmful substances from the exhaust flow.

[0063] Furthermore, locating the outlet of the dosing module within approximately 5 times the diameter of the outlet guide promotes a compact arrangement (ie provides packaging advantages).

[0064] The outlet of the dosing module may be arranged within about 3 inducer diameters downstream of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0065] The outlet of the dosing module may be arranged within a range of about 3 times the diameter of the outlet inducer to about 5 times the diameter of the outlet inducer downstream of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0066] The outlet of the dosing module may be within about 150 mm, and optionally within about 100 mm, downstream of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0067] The outlet of the dosing module may be within about 200 mm, and optionally within about 150 mm, downstream of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0068] The turbine impeller is fixed to the shaft by an impeller nut, and the end face of the impeller nut defines the effective face of the turbine impeller. Therefore, the outlet of the distribution module can be within a range of about 3 times the outlet guide diameter from the end face of the turbine impeller nut along the flow axis.

[0069] The dispensing module mount may include a first recess; and

[0070] At least a portion of the dosing module may be arranged in the first recess.

[0071] The first recess may also be described as a groove in the dosing module mount.

[0072] Said at least part of the dosing module may be considered to be accommodated in the first recess.The first recess may protect the dosing module from hot exhaust gases in the turbine outlet channel.

[0073] The outlet may be substantially flush with an inner surface of a structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

[0074] The outlet being substantially flush with the inner surface of the structure is intended to mean that the dosing module does not protrude into the turbine outlet channel by more than the assembly tolerance (eg approximately ±2 mm).

[0075] Advantageously, undesirable flow behavior due to otherwise disrupted inner surfaces is reduced.

[0076] The turbine outlet passage may be at least partially divergent.

[0077] The turbine outlet channel at least partially diverging can also be described as the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet channel increasing along the flow axis in the downstream direction (e.g., away from the turbine impeller). In other words, the turbine outlet channel may include a diffuser. It will be understood that the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel may increase linearly or nonlinearly along its length. However, the turbine outlet channel may also include one or more portions where the cross-sectional area is constant. For example, the turbine outlet channel may include one or more diverging conical wall portions separated by portions of substantially constant diameter. The entire turbine outlet channel may diverge. The turbine outlet channel may diverge along the flow axis between the downstream end of the turbine impeller and the distribution module mounting seat.

[0078] The diffuser can condition the turbine body exhaust flow as it travels through it. As the cross-sectional area of ​​the diffuser increases (i.e., as the walls defining the outlet passage diverge), the velocity of the flow decreases, and the pressure increases. The increase in pressure can be used to improve the efficiency of the turbine and / or associated exhaust aftertreatment system. For example, reducing the velocity of the turbine body flow through the turbine outlet passage can allow the injected aftertreatment fluid to more easily penetrate into the turbine body flow in the turbine outlet passage.

[0079] The diffuser may be an axial diffuser extending axially along a geometric centerline. The centerline of the diffuser may be coaxial with the turbine wheel axis. The diffuser may include a circular cross-section, which may also be referred to as a tapered wall diffuser. The axial diffuser may be rotationally symmetric about the centerline.

[0080] Flow through an axial diffuser has relatively low energy losses associated with it. This can allow for efficient conversion of kinetic energy to increase the static pressure of the flow as it travels through the diffuser.

[0081] The distribution module mount may be provided in a diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage.

[0082] The distribution module mounting seat is arranged in the diverging part of the turbine outlet passage, which is intended to mean that the distribution module mounting seat is arranged in the region immediately upstream of the distribution module mounting seat (i.e. closer to the turbine impeller), and the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage downstream of the mounting seat. In other words, the distribution module mounting seat is located at an axial position along the flow axis, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage increases at this axial position.

[0083] In the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage, the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage is expanding so that the velocity of the exhaust gas is decreasing, while the pressure is increasing. In addition, in the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage, the turbulent kinetic energy of the exhaust gas is increased. Injecting the aftertreatment fluid into the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage promotes the distribution of the aftertreatment fluid throughout the exhaust flow because the velocity of the exhaust flow is reduced and because the turbulent kinetic energy of the exhaust gas is higher (which promotes mixing of the injected aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust gas).

[0084] Since the distribution module mounting is arranged in the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage, the main impact zone defined by the distribution module may also be arranged at least partially, optionally completely, within the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage.

[0085] In other embodiments, the dosing module mounting seat can be arranged in a region where the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage is constant. Specifically, the region where the cross-sectional area is constant can be located upstream of the divergent portion of the turbine outlet passage.

[0086] The distribution module mount may be integral with structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

[0087] The distribution module mounting and the surrounding structure are integral and may also be described as the mounting and the surrounding structure being a single structure or component.The term "surrounding structure" encompasses a wall at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

[0088] Providing the dispensing module mount and the surrounding structure as a unitary structure advantageously eliminates any joints between the dispensing module mount and the structure. These joints may be susceptible to failure due to stress and fatigue around the joints and / or deposits of corrosive materials at or near the joints, to name just a few examples.

[0089] Providing the distribution module mount and the surrounding structure as a unitary structure also allows the distribution module mount to be positioned closer to the turbine wheel.

[0090] Providing the dispensing module mount and the surrounding structure as a unitary structure also eliminates the step of otherwise connecting the dispensing module mount to the surrounding structure (eg, by welding) during assembly.

[0091] A unitary turbine housing may define a turbine inlet passage, a turbine wheel chamber, and a turbine outlet passage, the unitary turbine housing including a distribution module mount.

[0092] An integral turbine housing is intended to refer to a turbine housing that is a single unitary component. For example, there are no separate connection adapters. An integral turbine housing may also be described as having a unitary structure. An integral turbine housing may include a volute, an impeller chamber, and a diffuser. An integral turbine housing may be cast as a single unitary structure.

[0093] Since the one-piece turbine housing defines the turbine outlet passage, the distribution module mounting seat is also incorporated into the turbine housing. In other words, the turbine housing includes the distribution module mounting seat.

[0094] A one-piece turbine housing is advantageous because the number of joints in which aftertreatment fluids and / or deposits generated therefrom can be deposited and present a risk of corrosion to the turbine housing can be reduced or eliminated entirely.

[0095] The turbine distribution system may further include a turbine housing assembly, the turbine housing assembly including:

[0096] a turbine housing defining a turbine inlet passage and a turbine wheel chamber; and

[0097] A connection adapter is connected to the turbine housing and at least partially defines the turbine outlet passage.

[0098] As used herein, a turbine housing assembly is an assembly having at least two parts: a turbine housing (defining an inlet passage and an impeller chamber); and a connection adapter (connected to the turbine housing).

[0099] The term "connection adapter" refers to a component disposed between the turbine housing and the downstream conduit. For example, the connection adapter may be inserted between the turbine housing and the exhaust manifold or duct. The connection adapter may engage the turbine housing at one end. The connection adapter may engage the conduit at the other end. The connection adapter may include a distribution module mounting seat, and may be referred to as a distribution connection adapter or a reductant distribution connection adapter due to the incorporation of the distribution module mounting seat. The connection adapter may be described as being structurally integrated with the turbine housing (e.g., connected to the turbine housing using one or more fasteners). This is in contrast to the conduit, which may be connected to the integral turbine housing or connection adapter using, for example, a V-band clamp (e.g., non-structural).

[0100] The connection adapter may be a generally truncated cone. In other arrangements, the connection adapter may be a generally tubular body. It may be said that the connection adapter comprises a first end and a second end. A first connection portion may be provided at the first end of the connection adapter. A second connection portion may be provided at the second end of the connection adapter. The outer wall surface of the connection adapter may be a solid surface in that it extends continuously between the first and second connection portions (except for any openings defined by the dosing module mounting seat, where appropriate). The outer wall advantageously provides a protective or shielding function in that the outer wall may be a wall that is exposed to external contaminants and / or damage during use. In other words, the turbine outlet passage may be shielded by the outer wall.

[0101] The connection adapter may define all or a majority of the turbine outlet passage. The turbine housing may define at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage. Alternatively, the turbine housing may not define any portion of the turbine outlet passage (e.g., the connection adapter may extend from the downstream end of the turbine wheel).

[0102] The incorporation of a connection adapter is advantageous because an individually designed turbine housing can be used for a range of different applications. That is, the connection adapter can be more easily modified to connect to the downstream pipe as required by the application. Thus, the connection adapter can be modified as required by the application, rather than providing a range of different turbine housings, which are complex geometries to design and manufacture. Thus, the customer can connect their preferred pipe to the downstream end of the connection adapter while using an individually designed turbine housing for the turbine. This is also advantageous because a dosing module mount, which may be a customer-specific requirement, can be incorporated into the connection adapter, relatively close to the turbine wheel. Furthermore, the connection adapter can be easily attached to the turbine housing and pipe to make installation simple.

[0103] The connection adapter may include a dispensing module mount.

[0104] The turbine dosing system may include a turbine housing element and may further include a duct connected to a downstream end of the turbine housing element, the duct defining at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage and including the dosing module mount.

[0105] The turbine housing element can be a one-piece turbine housing or a connection adapter of a turbine housing assembly.

[0106] The conduit may have a generally uniform wall thickness along its extent. The conduit may be described as generally elongated. The conduit may have a constant cross-section downstream of a particular axial point along its extent. In other words, the cross-sectional area of ​​the conduit may increase (e.g., diverge) and then have a constant cross-section beyond the point.

[0107] The flow axis through the conduit may include a bend, and the dosing module mount may be located upstream of the bend in the flow axis.

[0108] Where the conduit includes a bend, the flow axis may change direction (ie, change by more than about 45 degrees).

[0109] Advantageously, the exhaust gas flow generally has higher energy upstream of the bend. Therefore, injecting the after-treatment fluid into the exhaust gas at this location can improve mixing and decomposition of the after-treatment fluid.

[0110] The turbine dosing system may also include an exhaust gas sensor.

[0111] It is advantageous to provide a sensor capable of sensing real-time characteristics of the exhaust flow in the turbine passage, particularly real-time characteristics of the exhaust flow in the turbine outlet passage. The provision of sensing real-time characteristics of the exhaust flow allows for more accurate control of the turbine and delivery of the aftertreatment fluid to the exhaust flow. The exhaust gas sensor may be configured to sense the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas flow. In other words, the exhaust gas sensor may be a NOx sensor.

[0112] The exhaust gas sensor may be at least partially disposed within the exhaust gas sensor groove. The exhaust gas sensor groove may be configured to separate a component portion of the exhaust gas from the turbine body flow. The component portion of the exhaust gas may reduce velocity and / or pressure in the groove to facilitate sampling of the exhaust gas by the sensor and reduce the risk of damage to the sensor.

[0113] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbine dosing system for a turbocharger, the turbine dosing system comprising:

[0114] a turbine inlet passage configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine;

[0115] a turbine wheel chamber configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber housing a turbine wheel supported for rotation about a turbine wheel axis, the turbine wheel including an outlet inducer defining an outlet inducer diameter;

[0116] a turbine outlet passage located downstream of the turbine wheel chamber and configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber, the turbine outlet passage being at least partially defined by structure including a distribution module mount, the turbine outlet passage defining a flow axis extending from a downstream end of the turbine wheel; and

[0117] a dosing module mounted to the dosing module mount and configured to inject aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage via an outlet of the dosing module;

[0118] Therein, the distribution module is located within a range of approximately 10 outlet inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis.

[0119] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbocharger, comprising:

[0120] a compressor, the compressor comprising a compressor housing and a compressor impeller;

[0121] a bearing housing configured to support the shaft for rotation about an axis; and

[0122] A turbine dosing system according to any one of the preceding claims;

[0123] Therein, the compressor impeller and the turbine impeller are connected to the shaft in a manner that is in power communication with each other.

[0124] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an engine device, comprising:

[0125] Engine; and

[0126] A turbocharger according to a third aspect of the present invention;

[0127] Wherein, the turbocharger is configured to receive exhaust gas from the engine.

[0128] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an integrated turbine housing for a turbine distribution system, the turbine housing comprising:

[0129] a turbine inlet passage configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine;

[0130] a turbine wheel chamber configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber configured to receive a turbine wheel;

[0131] a turbine housing outlet passage downstream of and in fluid communication with the turbine wheel chamber; and

[0132] A distribution module mounting seat is located downstream of the turbine impeller chamber, and the distribution module mounting seat is configured to receive a distribution module. The distribution module mounting seat is connected to the turbine housing outlet channel through an opening defined in the turbine housing, and the after-treatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas in the turbine housing outlet channel through the opening.

[0133] The integral turbine housing may be used in a turbocharger distribution system. That is, the integral turbine housing may form part of a turbine distribution system of a turbocharger. The integral turbine housing may be configured to engage with a bearing housing. The bearing housing may be interposed between the integral turbine housing and the compressor housing.

[0134] At least a portion of the turbine housing outlet passage may be radiating. The dosing module mount may be disposed at a diverging portion of the turbine housing outlet passage. The diverging portion of the turbine housing outlet passage may define at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage.

[0135] The distribution module can be a self-atomizing distribution module. As known to those skilled in the art, distribution modules of self-atomizing and non-self-atomizing types for use in exhaust aftertreatment systems are available. As used herein, a "self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module configured to produce a fine spray or mist of an aftertreatment fluid ejected from the outlet of the distribution module, which can be achieved by mixing compressed air with the aftertreatment liquid. In contrast, a "non-self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module that introduces a uniform stream of aftertreatment fluid (mainly liquid), which is atomized after colliding with a moving object (e.g., a rotating cup mounted on a turbine impeller).

[0136] The term "opening" encompasses a hole, a hole or an orifice. An opening may be considered to provide a fluid path between a turbine housing outlet channel and an area outside the turbine housing outlet channel. In other words, the opening may provide fluid communication across or through the integral turbine housing. The opening may be a through hole. The opening may be provided at a single circumferential position. The integral turbine housing may include a single distribution mount defining a single opening. The opening may define a unique fluid path between the distribution module and the turbine housing outlet channel. The opening is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine impeller and the turbine impeller chamber.

[0137] "Injecting the after-treatment fluid through the opening" is intended to mean that at the point where the injected after-treatment fluid travels through the opening, the after-treatment fluid is in a state where it can readily mix with the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage without interacting with any additional components to promote atomization of the after-treatment fluid. Thus, the term "injection" refers to discharging the after-treatment fluid under pressure so that it is discharged through the opening as a fine spray or mist that can readily mix with the exhaust gas in the turbine housing outlet passage. In contrast, an after-treatment system that does not inject the after-treatment fluid may first deliver the after-treatment fluid to a component (e.g., an atomizer cup) that promotes atomization of the after-treatment fluid to promote mixing with the exhaust gas.

[0138] The distribution module mounting seat and the distribution module (where appropriate) are preferably pointed in a downstream direction (e.g., inclined in the downstream direction) (i.e., toward the outlet of the integral turbine housing and away from the turbine impeller chamber). The downstream direction is defined relative to the flow axis defined by the turbine housing outlet channel. In other embodiments, the distribution module mounting seat and the distribution module (where appropriate) can be orthogonal to the flow axis, or can be pointed in an upstream direction (e.g., inclined in the upstream direction) relative to the flow axis (i.e., toward the outlet of the turbine impeller chamber and away from the integral turbine housing). The main impact zone defined by the distribution module is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine impeller chamber.

[0139] The outlet of the dosing module may be substantially flush with the inner surface of the integral turbine housing. The outlet being substantially flush with the inner surface of the housing is intended to mean that the dosing module does not protrude into the turbine housing outlet passage beyond the assembly tolerance (e.g., approximately ±2 mm). The inner surface of the integral turbine housing (surrounding the opening of the dosing module mounting seat) is preferably substantially continuous (e.g., the dosing module mounting seat preferably does not define a dog leg or recess). The dosing module preferably does not protrude into the turbine housing outlet passage.

[0140] The distribution module and / or distribution module mounting seat can be located within about 10 times the outlet guide diameter, within about 7 times the outlet guide diameter, within about 5 times the outlet guide diameter, and within about 3 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module can be located at least about 1 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module is preferably located between about 1 times the outlet guide diameter and about 3 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber.

[0141] The integrated turbine housing may include a wastegate arrangement. The wastegate arrangement may include a valve assembly and a wastegate passage. The wastegate passage may extend around the turbine wheel and the turbine wheel chamber between the turbine inlet passage and the turbine housing outlet passage.

[0142] The integral turbine housing may be a single-layer structure if the turbine housing outlet passage is defined by a single wall.

[0143] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a connection adapter for dispensing an aftertreatment fluid to a turbine housing assembly, the connection adapter comprising:

[0144] a first connection portion, located at a first end of the connection adapter, configured to engage a turbine housing;

[0145] a second connection portion, located at a second end of the connection adapter, configured to engage a downstream pipeline;

[0146] A structure extends between the first end and the second end of the connection adapter and defines a connection adapter channel, the connection adapter channel is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine housing, the structure includes a distribution module mounting seat, the distribution module mounting seat is configured to receive a distribution module, the distribution module mounting seat is connected to the connection adapter channel through an opening defined in the structure, and the after-treatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas in the connection adapter channel through the opening.

[0147] The connection adapter may be described as being structurally integral with the turbine housing (e.g., connected to the turbine housing using one or more fasteners). The connection adapter is preferably disposed directly downstream of the turbine housing. Exhaust gas may be described as passing through the turbine housing and then through the connection adapter. The connection adapter may be described as being disposed downstream of the turbine housing (specifically, an outlet thereof).

[0148] The distribution module mounting seat is preferably arranged at a position (e.g., a diffuser portion) along the connection adapter channel where the connection adapter channel diverges. The diverging portion may be referred to as a diffuser that defines the turbine. The distribution module mounting seat and / or the distribution module may be arranged at a straight portion of the connection adapter (e.g., a position where the connection adapter extends in a straight, non-curved manner).

[0149] One or more of the first and second connecting portions may include a flange.

[0150] The connection adapter can be used for a turbocharger distribution system. That is, the connection adapter can form a part of a turbine housing assembly of a turbine distribution system for a turbocharger or can be a part of a turbine housing assembly of a turbine distribution system of a turbocharger.

[0151] At least a portion of the connection adapter passage may diverge. The distribution module mounting seat may be disposed at the diverging portion of the connection adapter passage. The diverging portion of the connection adapter passage may define at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage. The entire connection adapter passage may diverge. The connection adapter may define a diffuser of a turbine housing assembly, or at least a portion of a diffuser of a turbine housing assembly.

[0152] The distribution module can be a self-atomizing distribution module. As known to those skilled in the art, distribution modules of self-atomizing and non-self-atomizing types for use in exhaust aftertreatment systems are available. As used herein, a "self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module configured to produce a fine spray or mist of an aftertreatment fluid ejected from the outlet of the distribution module, which can be achieved by mixing compressed air with the aftertreatment liquid. In contrast, a "non-self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module that introduces a uniform stream of aftertreatment fluid (mainly liquid), which is atomized after colliding with a moving object (e.g., a rotating cup mounted on a turbine impeller). The distribution module is preferably a module that can be attached externally.

[0153] The term "opening" encompasses a hole, a hole or an orifice. An opening can be viewed as providing a fluid path between a connection adapter channel and an area outside of the connection adapter channel. In other words, an opening can provide fluid communication across or through the connection adapter. The opening can be a through hole. The opening can be arranged at a single circumferential position. The connection adapter can include a single distribution mount defining a single opening. The opening can define a unique fluid path between the distribution module and the connection adapter channel. The opening is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine wheel and the turbine wheel chamber.

[0154] "Injecting the after-treatment fluid through the opening" is intended to mean that at the point where the injected after-treatment fluid travels through the opening, the after-treatment fluid is in a state where it can easily mix with the exhaust gas in the connecting adapter passage without interacting with any additional components to promote atomization of the after-treatment fluid. Thus, the term "injection" refers to discharging the after-treatment fluid under pressure so that it is discharged through the opening as a fine spray or mist that can easily mix with the exhaust gas in the connecting adapter passage. In contrast, an after-treatment system that does not inject the after-treatment fluid can first deliver the after-treatment fluid to a component (e.g., an atomizer cup) that promotes atomization of the after-treatment fluid to promote mixing with the exhaust gas.

[0155] The distribution module mounting seat and the distribution module (where appropriate) are preferably pointed in a downstream direction (e.g. tilted in the downstream direction) (i.e., towards the outlet of the connection adapter and away from the inlet). The downstream direction is defined relative to the flow axis defined by the connection adapter channel. In other embodiments, the distribution module mounting seat and the distribution module (where appropriate) can be orthogonal to the flow axis, or can be pointed in an upstream direction (e.g. tilted in the upstream direction) relative to the flow axis (i.e., towards the inlet of the connection adapter and away from the outlet). The main impact zone defined by the distribution module is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine impeller chamber. The main impact zone can be completely accommodated by the connection adapter channel.

[0156] The outlet of the distribution module may be substantially flush with the inner surface of the connection adapter. The outlet being substantially flush with the inner surface of the connection adapter is intended to mean that the distribution module does not protrude into the turbine housing outlet passage beyond the assembly tolerance (e.g., about ±2 mm). The inner surface of the connection adapter (surrounding the opening of the distribution module mounting seat) is preferably substantially continuous (e.g., the distribution module mounting seat preferably does not define a dog leg or recess). The distribution module preferably does not protrude into the connection adapter passage.

[0157] The distribution module and / or distribution module mounting seat can be located within about 10 times the outlet guide diameter, within about 7 times the outlet guide diameter, within about 5 times the outlet guide diameter, and within about 3 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module can be located at least about 1 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module is preferably located in the range between about 1 times the outlet guide diameter and about 3 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber.

[0158] The connection adapter may include at least a portion of a wastegate arrangement. The wastegate arrangement may include a valve assembly and a wastegate passage. The wastegate passage may extend around a turbine wheel and a turbine wheel chamber between a turbine inlet passage and a connection adapter passage. The connection adapter may include at least a portion of a wastegate passage. The connection adapter may include a wastegate passage outlet where the wastegate passage connects to the connection adapter passage.

[0159] If the connection adapter outlet passage is defined by a single wall, the connection adapter may be a single layer structure.The connection adapter may be described as a conduit or a tube.

[0160] The exhaust gas preferably traverses or passes through the connection adapter unimpeded. In other words, a cross section of the connection adapter normal to the flow axis is substantially or completely free of any components (eg, mixers) that create a pressure drop across the flow.

[0161] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aftertreatment fluid distribution conduit for a turbine distribution system, the conduit comprising:

[0162] a first connection portion, located at a first end of the conduit, configured to engage a turbine housing element;

[0163] A structure extends from the first end of the conduit and defines a conduit channel, the conduit channel being configured to receive exhaust gas from a turbine housing element, the structure including a distribution module mounting seat, the distribution module mounting seat being configured to receive a distribution module, the distribution module mounting seat being connected to the conduit channel through an opening defined in the structure, and aftertreatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas in the conduit channel through the opening.

[0164] The conduit may have a generally uniform wall thickness along its extent. The conduit may be described as generally elongated. The conduit may have a constant cross-section downstream of a particular axial point along its extent. In other words, the cross-sectional area of ​​the conduit may increase (e.g., diverge) and then have a constant cross-section beyond the point.

[0165] The distribution module mounting seat is preferably arranged at a position (eg, a diffuser portion) along the duct channel where the duct channel diverges. The diverging portion may be referred to as the diffuser of the turbine.

[0166] The first connecting portion may include a flange.

[0167] At least a portion of the conduit passage may diverge. The distribution module mounting seat may be arranged at the diverging portion of the conduit passage. The diverging portion of the conduit passage may define at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage. The entire conduit passage may diverge. The conduit passage may define a diffuser of the turbine, or at least a portion of a diffuser of the turbine.

[0168] The distribution module can be a self-atomizing distribution module. As known to those skilled in the art, distribution modules of self-atomizing and non-self-atomizing types for use in exhaust aftertreatment systems are available. As used herein, a "self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module configured to produce a fine spray or mist of an aftertreatment fluid ejected from the outlet of the distribution module, which can be achieved by mixing compressed air with the aftertreatment liquid. In contrast, a "non-self-atomizing" distribution module covers a distribution module that introduces a uniform stream of aftertreatment fluid (mainly liquid), which is atomized after colliding with a moving object (e.g., a rotating cup mounted on a turbine impeller). The distribution module is preferably a module that can be attached externally.

[0169] The term "opening" encompasses a hole, a hole or an orifice. An opening can be considered to provide a fluid path between a conduit passage and an area outside the conduit passage. In other words, an opening can provide fluid communication across or through a post-treatment fluid distribution conduit. The opening can be a through hole. The opening can be arranged at a single circumferential position. The connection adapter can include a single distribution mount defining a single opening. The opening can define a unique fluid path between the distribution module and the conduit passage. The opening is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine wheel and the turbine wheel chamber.

[0170] "Injecting an after-treatment fluid through an opening" is intended to mean that at the point at which the injected after-treatment fluid travels through the opening, the after-treatment fluid is in a state where it can readily mix with the exhaust gas in the conduit passage without interacting with any additional components to facilitate atomization of the after-treatment fluid. Thus, the term "injection" refers to discharging an after-treatment fluid under pressure so that it is discharged through the opening as a fine spray or mist that can readily mix with the exhaust gas in the conduit passage. In contrast, an after-treatment system that does not inject an after-treatment fluid may first deliver the after-treatment fluid to a component (e.g., an atomizer cup) that facilitates atomization of the after-treatment fluid to facilitate mixing with the exhaust gas.

[0171] The distribution module mounting seat and the distribution module (where appropriate) are preferably pointed in a downstream direction (e.g., inclined in the downstream direction) (i.e., towards the outlet of the pipeline and away from the inlet). The downstream direction is defined relative to the flow axis defined by the pipeline channel. In other embodiments, the distribution module mounting seat and the distribution module (where appropriate) may be orthogonal to the flow axis, or may be pointed in an upstream direction (e.g., inclined in the upstream direction) relative to the flow axis (i.e., towards the inlet / first connecting portion and away from the outlet of the pipeline). The main impact zone defined by the distribution module is preferably located entirely downstream of the turbine impeller chamber. The main impact zone may be entirely contained by the pipeline.

[0172] The outlet of the distribution module may be substantially flush with the inner surface of the conduit. The outlet being substantially flush with the inner surface of the conduit is intended to mean that the distribution module does not protrude into the conduit passage beyond the assembly tolerance (e.g., about ±2 mm). The inner surface of the conduit (surrounding the opening of the distribution module mounting seat) is preferably substantially continuous (e.g., the distribution module mounting seat preferably does not define a dog leg or recess). The distribution module preferably does not protrude into the conduit passage.

[0173] The distribution module and / or distribution module mounting seat can be located within a range of about 10 times the outlet guide diameter, within a range of about 7 times the outlet guide diameter, within a range of about 5 times the outlet guide diameter, and within a range of about 3 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module can be located at least about 1 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module is preferably located in a range between about 1 times the outlet guide diameter and about 3 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller or turbine impeller chamber. The distribution module and / or mounting seat are preferably located upstream of any post-treatment component (e.g., a catalyst). In other words, any (e.g., all) post-treatment components (e.g., catalysts) are preferably located downstream of the pipeline.

[0174] The conduit may include at least a portion of a wastegate arrangement. The wastegate arrangement may include a valve assembly and a wastegate passage. The wastegate passage may extend around a turbine wheel and a turbine wheel chamber between a turbine inlet passage and a conduit passage. The conduit may include at least a portion of a wastegate passage. The conduit may include a wastegate passage outlet where the wastegate passage connects to the conduit passage.

[0175] The duct may be a single layer structure if the duct passage is defined by a single wall.

[0176] The exhaust gas preferably passes unimpeded through or across the duct passage. In other words, a cross section of the duct normal to the flow axis is substantially or completely free of any components (eg, mixers) that create a pressure drop across the flow.

[0177] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of assembling the turbine distribution system according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the present invention, the method comprising:

[0178] engaging the dispensing module with the dispensing module mount; and

[0179] The dispensing module is secured to the dispensing module mounting seat.

[0180] Securing the dispensing module to the dispensing module mount may comprise placing a clamp around flanges of the dispensing module and the dispensing module mount and tightening the clamp.

[0181] According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a turbine dosing system of a turbocharger, comprising:

[0182] receiving exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine into a turbine inlet passage;

[0183] receiving exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage into a turbine wheel chamber housing a turbine wheel supported for rotation about a turbine wheel axis, the turbine wheel including an inducer defining an inducer diameter; and

[0184] receiving exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber into a turbine outlet passage downstream of the turbine wheel chamber, the turbine outlet passage being at least partially defined by structure including a distribution module mount configured to receive the distribution module, the turbine outlet passage defining a flow axis extending from a downstream end of the turbine wheel;

[0185] The distribution module mounting seat is located within a range of about 10 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis.

[0186] The method may further include mounting a dosing module to a dosing module mount, wherein the dosing module mount injects the aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage through an outlet of the dosing module.

[0187] The dispensing module mount may include an engagement surface; and

[0188] The dosing module may engage with the engagement surface.

[0189] The dispensing module mount may include a boss.

[0190] The boss may include a flange, and a face of the flange may define the engagement surface.

[0191] The structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage may include an opening; and the dosing module may inject the aftertreatment fluid through the opening.

[0192] The distribution module mount may be located within about 5 inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

[0193] The dispensing module mount may include a first recess; and

[0194] At least a portion of the dosing module may be arranged in the first recess.

[0195] The outlet may be substantially flush with an inner surface of the structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

[0196] The turbine outlet passage may be at least partially divergent.

[0197] The distribution module mount may be provided in a diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage.

[0198] The distribution module mount may be integral with said structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

[0199] A unitary turbine housing may define a turbine inlet passage, a turbine wheel chamber, and a turbine outlet passage, the unitary turbine housing including a distribution module mount.

[0200] The turbine distribution system may further include a turbine housing assembly, the turbine housing assembly including:

[0201] a turbine housing defining a turbine inlet passage and a turbine wheel chamber; and

[0202] A connection adapter is connected to the turbine housing and at least partially defines the turbine outlet passage.

[0203] The connection adapter may include a dispensing module mount.

[0204] The turbine dosing system may include a turbine housing element and further include a duct connected to a downstream end of the turbine housing element, the duct defining at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage and including the dosing module mount.

[0205] The flow axis through the conduit may include a bend, and the dosing module mount may be located upstream of the bend in the flow axis.

[0206] The method may further include sensing one or more characteristics of the exhaust gas using an exhaust gas sensor.

[0207] Optional and / or preferred features for each aspect of the invention described herein may also be applicable to any other aspect of the invention.

[0208] Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0209] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a known turbocharged diesel engine system;

[0210] Figure 2 is a perspective view generally from above of a turbocharger including a turbine metering system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0211] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An alternative perspective view of a turbocharger;

[0212] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 and Figure 3 A side cross-sectional view of a turbocharger;

[0213] Figure 5 yes Figures 2 to 4 An enlarged view of a distribution module and a distribution module mounting seat of a turbocharger;

[0214] Figure 6 yes Figures 2 to 5 The turbocharger shown is passed through Figure 4 A side cross-sectional view taken in an alternative plane to the cross-sectional view;

[0215] Figure 7 yes Figures 2 to 6 An end view of a turbocharger;

[0216] Figure 8 yes Figures 2 to 7 The turbocharger Figure 4 A cross-sectional end view taken along plane AA;

[0217] Fig. 9 is formed Figures 2 to 8 A perspective cross-sectional view of an active chamber of a portion of a turbine distribution system of a portion of a turbocharger is shown.

[0218] Fig.10 yes Figures 2 to 9 An isolated perspective view of a connection adapter of a turbocharger is shown;

[0219] Fig.11 is a perspective view of a portion of a connection adapter according to another embodiment;

[0220] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 a perspective cross-sectional view of the portion of the connection adapter, generally viewed from the side;

[0221] Fig.13 is a side view of a turbine dosing system according to another embodiment;

[0222] Fig.14 is a perspective view of a turbocharger including a turbine metering system according to another embodiment;

[0223] Fig.15 is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of a turbocharger incorporating a turbine metering system according to another embodiment;

[0224] Fig.16 is an enlarged view of a dispensing module, a dispensing module mount, and surrounding structure according to another embodiment;

[0225] Fig.17 is a perspective view of a turbocharger including a turbine metering system according to another embodiment;

[0226] Fig.18 shows the results of a CFD simulation of a turbine metering system according to another embodiment, showing the variation of exhaust gas turbulence kinetic energy downstream of a turbine impeller;

[0227] Fig.19 Show Fig.18 Exhaust velocity variation downstream of the turbine wheel in the CFD simulation shown in;

[0228] Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional side view of a turbine distribution system according to one or more aspects of the present invention;

[0229] Fig.21 yes Fig. 20 A cross-sectional plan view of a turbine distribution system;

[0230] Fig. 22 yes Fig. 20 and Fig.21 a cross-sectional end view of a turbine distribution system in taken from an axial position of a distribution module;

[0231] Fig.23 yes Figure 20 to Figure 22 A cross-sectional side view of a turbine distribution system taken through a sensing channel;

[0232] Fig.24 is a cross-sectional side view of a turbine distribution system according to one or more aspects of the present invention; and

[0233] Fig.25 yes Fig.24 a cross-sectional end view of a turbine dosing system taken through an axial position of a dosing module and a sensing passage; and

[0234] Fig.26 yes Fig.24 Alternative cross-sectional side view shown.

[0235] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a known turbocharged diesel engine system 2. The system 2 includes a diesel internal combustion engine 4, a turbocharger 6 and an exhaust aftertreatment system 8.

[0236] The turbocharger 6 includes a compressor 10 and a turbine 12, each of which includes a corresponding one of a compressor impeller and a turbine impeller. The compressor impeller and the turbine impeller are mounted on a common turbocharger shaft 14 so that they rotate synchronously.

[0237] The compressor 10 receives intake air from a low-pressure intake duct 16 connected to the atmosphere. The low-pressure intake duct 16 may include a particulate filter to clean the intake air. The compressor 10 compresses the intake air using the power provided by the turbine 12 (via the turbocharger shaft 14) and supplies the compressed intake air to the engine 4 through the high-pressure intake duct 18 and the intake manifold 20. Although not shown, the high-pressure intake duct 18 may include an intercooler configured to cool the intake air before the intake air reaches the engine 4.

[0238] Inside the engine 4, an internal combustion process takes place and produces useful work. As a result of the internal combustion process, the engine 4 produces exhaust gas. The engine 4 is fluidly connected to an exhaust manifold 22, which in turn is connected to the turbine 12 via a high-pressure exhaust pipe 24. The turbine 12 (particularly its turbine wheel) extracts energy from the exhaust gas to drive the turbocharger shaft 14, thereby providing power for the compressor 10. The exhaust gas leaving the turbocharger 12 is supplied to the exhaust aftertreatment system 8 via a downpipe 26. The length of the downpipe 26 is relatively long, for example at least 2 meters long, such as Figure 1 As shown by the dotted line in .

[0239] The exhaust aftertreatment system 8 includes a decomposition chamber 28 having a diameter greater than the diameter of the drop tube 26. The decomposition chamber 28 includes a mixing element 30 disposed therein. The mixing element 30 typically includes a plurality of baffles configured to deflect the flow through the decomposition chamber 28 to induce turbulence within the decomposition chamber 28. The exhaust aftertreatment system 8 includes a dosing module 32 configured to inject an exhaust aftertreatment fluid, particularly diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), into the decomposition chamber 28, downstream of the mixing element 30 in the region where the exhaust gas is most turbulent. The heat exchange between the DEF and the exhaust gas in the decomposition chamber 28 decomposes the urea contained in the DEF into a reducing agent ammonia (NH3) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). The mixture of the reducing agent and the exhaust gas is then delivered to a selective catalytic reducer (SCR) 34 and a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 36. Finally, the exhaust gas is delivered to an outlet pipe 38 and continues to a muffler (not shown) before being discharged into the atmosphere.

[0240] Figure 2 1 is a perspective view of a turbocharger 100 generally viewed from above, which includes a turbine metering system 105 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The turbocharger 100 includes a turbine 101 and a compressor 103, which are connected to each other via a bearing housing 106.

[0241] In the illustrated embodiment, the turbine 101 forms part of a turbine dosing system 105. This is due to the incorporation of a dosing module 126. This will be described in more detail later in this document.

[0242] The turbine 101, and more generally, the turbine distribution system 105, includes a turbine housing assembly 102. The turbine housing assembly 102 includes a turbine housing 108 and a connection adapter 110. The turbine housing assembly 102 is connected to, for example, a one-piece turbine housing (e.g., see Fig.17 ) because the turbine housing 108 and the connection adapter 110 are a multi-part assembly (compared to the one-piece turbine housing structure of the integral turbine housing). The turbine housing 108 is the portion of the turbine housing assembly 102 that is proximate to the bearing housing 106. The turbine housing 108 is configured to engage the bearing housing 106. The connection adapter 110 is spaced from the bearing housing 106 by at least the extent of the turbine housing 108. In other words, the connection adapter 110 is disposed downstream of the turbine housing 108.

[0243] In the illustrated embodiment, the turbine housing 108 defines a turbine inlet passage 112, a turbine wheel chamber ( Figure 2 The turbine housing 108 defines an upstream portion of the turbine outlet passage 116 (not visible in FIG. 1 ). Figure 2 The turbine inlet passage 112 is defined by a volute 113 (which may also be referred to as a scroll) and is configured to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (not shown). Thus, the volute 113 is a structure that defines the turbine inlet passage 112. The turbine inlet passage 112 forces the exhaust gas to rotate about the turbine wheel axis ( Figure 2 Not shown, but in Figure 4 In other words, the geometry of the turbine inlet passage 112 causes the exhaust gas flow to swirl around the turbine wheel ( Figure 2 Not visible in , but in Figure 4 The turbine inlet passage 112 may also impart an axial component to the exhaust flow (but not in the illustrated embodiment). The turbine inlet passage 112 may be described as extending in at least a circumferential and radial direction to the turbine wheel axis. As the exhaust gas expands through the turbine wheel, the swirl of the exhaust gas changes and may even reverse depending on flow conditions and surrounding geometry.

[0244] like Figure 4 As shown, the turbine wheel chamber 114 houses a turbine wheel 118. The turbine wheel 118 is configured to rotate about a turbine wheel axis 144. The turbine inlet passage 112 is in fluid communication with the turbine wheel chamber 114. The turbine wheel chamber 114 is in fluid communication with the turbine outlet passage 116.

[0245] In use, the exhaust gas travels through the turbine inlet passage 112 and enters the turbine wheel chamber 114. The exhaust gas then expands across the turbine wheel 118 (i.e., performs work on the turbine wheel 118), which in turn drives the turbine wheel 118 to rotate about the turbine wheel axis 144. As the exhaust gas travels through the turbine wheel 118, the swirl size and / or swirl direction of the exhaust gas changes. The turbine wheel 118 is a radial turbine wheel, wherein the exhaust gas flow from the turbine inlet passage 112 impacts the turbine wheel 118 in a generally radial direction relative to the turbine wheel axis, and leaves the turbine wheel 118 in a generally axial direction relative to the turbine wheel axis 144. When the exhaust gas leaves the turbine wheel 118 and leaves the wheel chamber 114, it enters the upstream portion 116a of the turbine outlet passage 116. In other embodiments, the turbine may be an axial turbine, whereby the exhaust gas enters the turbine wheel in a generally axial direction and leaves the turbine wheel in a generally axial direction.

[0246] return Figure 2 , the connection adapter 110 defines a downstream portion 116b of the turbine outlet passage 116. The downstream portion 116b may be referred to as a connection adapter passage. The first end 115 of the connection adapter 110 is engaged with the turbine housing 108 (via the insertion of a gasket 117). Thus, the downstream portion 116b of the turbine outlet passage 116 defined by the connection adapter 110 is coupled to the upstream portion 116a of the turbine outlet passage 116 (defined by the turbine housing 108, at Figure 2 Not visible in , but in Figure 4 It will be appreciated that the insert gasket 117 is an optional feature and may not be present in other embodiments.

[0247] In the illustrated embodiment (and from Figure 4 As can be understood in the connection adapter 110, the connection adapter 110 defines a diffuser (e.g., a diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage 116). Therefore, the exhaust gas expands when passing through the connection adapter 110. It can therefore be said that the connection adapter 110 defines a diffuser cone, an outlet diffuser, or a turbine stage outlet diffuser. In other words, the connection adapter 110 defines at least a portion of the diffuser of the turbine 102, and optionally defines the entire diffuser of the turbine 102.

[0248] The connection adapter 110 includes a generally conical inner surface 111 (e.g., a conical wall), wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the interior of the connection adapter 110 increases along the axial extent of the connection adapter 110 from the first end 115 to the opposite second end 120. Thus, it can be said that the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage 116 diverges along the connection adapter 110. The second end 120 is the end of the connection adapter 110 that is farthest from the turbine housing 108. The increasing cross-sectional area defines a diffuser. As the exhaust gas passes through the connection adapter 110 from the first end 115 to the second end 120, the velocity of the exhaust gas decreases and the total static pressure of the exhaust gas increases due to the increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage 116. Increasing the total static pressure of the exhaust gas in the connection adapter 110 increases the efficiency of the turbine impeller because the pressure recovery achieved by the connection adapter 110 allows a larger pressure ratio across the turbine impeller and thus increases the efficiency of the turbine impeller.

[0249] Defining a portion of the turbine outlet passage 116 by the connection adapter 110 is advantageous because different connection adapters may be secured or attached to the same turbine housing 108 design. Different connection adapters may incorporate different features for different applications.

[0250] The connection adapter 110 also includes a dosing module mount 122 and a NOx sensor mount 124. The dosing module mount 122 engages with a dosing module 126. Thus, the dosing module mount 122 is aligned with and supports the dosing module 126. The dosing module 126 is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage 116. The dosing module mount 122 and the dosing module 124 will be described in more detail below. The dosing module 126 is configured to be in fluid communication with a tank or reservoir storing a certain amount (e.g., a certain volume) of the aftertreatment fluid.

[0251] The turbine dosing system 105 also includes a NOx sensor 128 and a NOx sensor mount 124. The NOx sensor mount 124 interfaces with the NOx sensor 128. The NOx sensor 128 is configured to measure the level of NOx in the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage 116. Again, the NOx sensor mount 124 and the NOx sensor 128 will be described in more detail below.

[0252] at last, Figure 2 Also shown is a wastegate passage outlet 138. The wastegate passage outlet 138 is an aperture defined in the inner surface 111 of the connection adapter 110. In use, exhaust gas may bypass the turbine wheel, pass through the wastegate passage 136 and enter the turbine outlet passage 116 via the wastegate passage outlet 138.

[0253] Back to Figure 3, an alternative perspective view of the turbocharger 100 is provided.

[0254] Figure 3 The turbocharger 100 is shown as a wastegate turbocharger, which includes a wastegate device 132. The wastegate device 132 forms part of the turbine dosing system 105. The wastegate device 132 includes a valve assembly ( Figure 3 108 and the wastegate passage 136. As described above, the wastegate passage 136 defines a fluid path from the turbine inlet passage 112 directly to the turbine outlet passage 116. In the illustrated embodiment, the wastegate passage 136 is partially defined by the turbine housing 108 and partially defined by the connection adapter 110. The wastegate passage 136 provides selective fluid communication between the turbine inlet passage 112 and the turbine outlet passage 116, thereby bypassing the turbine wheel chamber and the turbine impeller. In this way, exhaust gas in the turbine inlet passage 112 can flow through the wastegate passage 136 to the turbine outlet passage 116 without passing through the turbine impeller 118 or through the turbine impeller 118 for expansion.

[0255] The wastegate passage 136 includes a wastegate passage inlet and a wastegate passage outlet ( Figure 3 106). The wastegate passage inlet is defined by an opening in the wall of the turbine housing 108, which defines the turbine inlet passage. The wastegate passage outlet 138 is defined by an opening in the wall of the connection adapter 110 (e.g., the inner surface 111 thereof). Thus, the exhaust gas flow enters the wastegate passage 136 via the wastegate passage opening and exits the wastegate passage 136 via the wastegate passage outlet. When the (bypass) exhaust gas exits the wastegate passage 136, the exhaust gas mixes with the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage 116.

[0256] The wastegate assembly includes a valve member that can be rotated by an actuating rod 142. In use, the actuating rod 142 is configured to rotate the valve member so that the valve member contacts or does not contact a corresponding valve seat defined by the turbine housing 108. The valve member is used to selectively and sealingly engage the valve seat to selectively open and close the wastegate passage 136, thereby allowing or substantially preventing exhaust gas from flowing through the wastegate passage 136. When the valve member is sealingly engaged with the valve seat, the wastegate passage 136 is effectively closed, and all exhaust gas passing through the turbine inlet passage is expanded through the turbine impeller. When the valve member is not sealingly engaged with the valve seat, the wastegate passage 136 is at least partially open, and at least a portion of the exhaust gas passing through the turbine inlet passage does not expand through the turbine impeller, but bypasses the turbine impeller via the wastegate passage 136. Therefore, the valve seat can be described as defining the inlet of the wastegate passage 136, and specifically defining the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet of the wastegate passage 136.

[0257] The actuator rod 142 is a pneumatic actuator in the illustrated embodiment. In other embodiments, the actuator may be a hydraulic actuator or an electric actuator. The actuator may be active or passive.

[0258] The turbine 101 is a wastegate turbine (as indicated by the actuation rod 142). However, in some embodiments described throughout this document, the turbine may not incorporate a wastegate assembly. The turbine may be a variable geometry turbine.

[0259] Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional view of turbocharger 100 . Figure 4 Further features of a turbine dosing system 105 forming part of the turbocharger 100 are shown.

[0260] The turbine wheel 118 is supported by a shaft 146 for rotation about a turbine wheel axis 144. The shaft 146 extends from the turbine housing 108 through the bearing housing 106 to the compressor housing 104. The turbine wheel 118 is mounted on one end of the shaft 146, while the compressor wheel 148 is mounted on the other end of the shaft 146. The turbine wheel 118 can be mounted to the end of the shaft 146 by friction welding, laser welding, electron beam welding, or any other suitable method. Therefore, the turbine wheel 118 and the compressor wheel 150 are in power communication with each other. The shaft 146 rotates about the turbine wheel axis 144 on a bearing assembly 150 located in the bearing housing 106.

[0261] In the illustrated embodiment, the turbine outlet passage 116 is defined by the turbine housing 108 and the connection adapter 110. The cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage 116 increases linearly from the most upstream end of the passage (i.e., proximate the turbine wheel 118) to the most downstream end of the passage (i.e., away from the turbine wheel 118), thereby defining a diffuser.

[0262] The flow axis 145 is defined by the turbine outlet passage 116. The flow axis 145 is the geometric centerline of the turbine outlet passage 116 defined by the turbine housing 108 and the connection adapter 110. In this embodiment, and as will be seen from Figure 7 As understood in FIG. 1 , the flow axis 145 coincides with the turbine axis 144. However, in other embodiments where the turbine outlet passage 116 is not a straight passage, i.e., the turbine outlet passage 116 may include a bend, the flow axis 145 will deviate from the turbine wheel axis 144, see for example Figure 8 .

[0263] The turbine impeller 118 is Figure 4, and includes a plurality of turbine blades 119. The turbine impeller 118 includes an inlet guide 172 configured to receive an exhaust flow 152a from the turbine inlet passage 112. The exhaust gas 152a is received in a radial direction relative to the turbine impeller axis 144. The turbine impeller 118 also includes an outlet guide 174 configured to discharge the exhaust flow from the turbine impeller 118. The exhaust flow is discharged along the flow axis 145. The outlet guide 174 defines an outlet guide diameter 176. The outlet guide diameter 176 is the distance across the turbine impeller 118 in a plane perpendicular to the turbine impeller axis 144 at the downstream end of the blades 119. The downstream end or end of the turbine impeller 118 is at Figure 4 178. In some embodiments, the downstream end of the turbine impeller 118 can be defined by an impeller nut, with the downstream end of the turbine impeller being located within the plane of the impeller nut. As described later herein, the outlet guide diameter 176 is used as a measure to define the position of the dosing module 126 relative to the turbine impeller 118. In the illustrated embodiment, the axial distance between the outlet diameter 174 and the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 is approximately 10 mm, but it will be understood that this may be different in other embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the outlet guide diameter 176 is approximately 60 mm (e.g., 58 mm). The outlet guide diameter is preferably between about 30 mm and about 200 mm. Compared to a cup-type dosing device, the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 178 is substantially flat (i.e., not incorporated into the dosing cup).

[0264] The cross-sectional area of ​​the upstream portion 116a of the turbine outlet passage 116 increases from the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118. The cross-sectional area increases linearly (i.e., the inner wall surface diverges at a constant angle). In other embodiments, the turbine outlet passage or a portion thereof may have a constant cross-sectional area. In further embodiments, the turbine outlet passage may have a constant cross-sectional area, and then the cross-sectional area increases after a specific point along the flow axis. For example, the upstream portion of the turbine outlet passage (defined by the turbine housing) may be constant, while the downstream portion of the turbine outlet passage (defined by the connection adapter) may have a cross-sectional area that increases linearly.

[0265] In the illustrated embodiment, the inner surface 111 of the connection adapter 110 diverges linearly along the flow axis 145. In other embodiments, the inner surface 111 may diverge in a nonlinear manner. The angle of divergence may vary according to the design conditions of each turbocharger. The divergence may be defined by the angle 121 at which the inner wall surfaces 162a, 162b of the wall 162 of the connection adapter 110 are inclined relative to each other. Angle 121 may be described as a diffuser angle. In the illustrated embodiment, angle 121 is approximately 7.5°. Angle 121 may be between about 5° and about 20°. Angle 121 may be between about 6° and about 15°. Angle 121 may be between about 7° and about 10°. Wall 162 is an example of a structure that defines at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage 116. In other embodiments, the connection adapter 110 may define a constant cross-sectional area before linearly diverging along the flow axis 145.

[0266] Thus, the angle 121 defines the diffuser angle of the turbine outlet passage 116. In the illustrated embodiment, the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage 116 extends continuously through the upstream portion 116a and the downstream portion 116b of the turbine outlet passage 116 (e.g., defined by the turbine housing 102 and the connection adapter 110). In other words, the turbine outlet passage 116 diverges at a constant angle from an upstream point of the turbine outlet passage 116 (at the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118) to at least the second end 335 of the connection adapter 110. The diverging portion also extends upstream of the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 into the impeller chamber 114. Thus, a portion of the impeller chamber 114 diverges.

[0267] As described above, the connection adapter 110 includes a dispensing module mounting seat 122. In the illustrated embodiment, the dispensing module mounting seat 122 is formed integrally with the connection adapter 110. In other words, the dispensing module mounting seat 122 and the connection adapter 110 are a single structure. Therefore, the dispensing module mounting seat 122 and the connection adapter 110 can be manufactured by casting a single combined structure.

[0268] The dosing module 126 is a self-atomizing dosing module that is configured to inject the after-treatment fluid in the form of a fine spray from an outlet 166 of the dosing module 126. The dosing module 126 is configured to inject the after-treatment fluid into the main exhaust flow 152b in the turbine outlet passage 116 downstream of the turbine impeller 118. Since the after-treatment fluid is injected in the form of a fine spray, it is not necessary to inject the after-treatment fluid into a structure that promotes atomization of the after-treatment fluid, such as a rotating dosing cup provided in the turbine impeller, and then mix it with the main exhaust flow 152b. The dosing module 126 injects the after-treatment fluid in the form of a fine spray from the outlet 166 in a generally conical manner. The spray cone (of the atomized treatment fluid) is labeled 139.

[0269] The minimum distance 180 between the centroid of the outlet 166 of the distribution module 126 and the flow axis 145 defines an outlet intersection point 182 along the flow axis 145. The distance between the outlet intersection point 182 along the flow axis 145 and the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 defines the position of the distribution module 126 downstream of the turbine impeller 118. The distance between the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 and the intersection point 182 is about 2.4 times the diameter of the outlet inducer measured along the flow axis 145 (i.e., about 2.4 times the distance shown by the number 176). In other embodiments, the intersection point 182 can be located up to about 3 times the diameter of the outlet inducer downstream of the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 measured along the flow axis 145. The intersection point 182 can be in the range between about 3 times the diameter of the outlet inducer and about 100 times the diameter of the outlet inducer downstream of the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 measured along the flow axis 145. In other embodiments, the distance between the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 and the outlet intersection 182 may be different. However, the distance will not exceed about 10 times the outlet inducer diameter. In the illustrated embodiment, the distance between the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118 and the intersection 182 is about 100 mm. The distance is preferably between about 50 mm and about 200 mm. The intersection 182 may be located at least 1 outlet inducer diameter downstream of the downstream end 178 of the turbine impeller 118.

[0270] It will be appreciated that the positions of the dispensing module 126 and the dispensing module mount 122 are interdependent. For example, the dispensing module 126 may be mounted concentrically relative to the dispensing module mount 122. Thus, the position of the dispensing module 126 (defined by the exit intersection 182) may be indicative of the position of the dispensing module mount 122 (and may be the same). Thus, any advantages described throughout this document relating to the position of the dispensing module 126 also apply to the position of the dispensing module mount 122.

[0271] By positioning the dosing module 126 and the dosing module outlet 166 relatively close to the turbine impeller 118, the injected aftertreatment fluid can be encouraged to decompose into reductants (e.g., ammonia (NH3) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) to support the downstream SCR reaction). This is because the distance between the location where the aftertreatment fluid is injected and the downstream selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst is increased, so the time available for decomposition before reaching the SCR catalyst is also increased, thereby increasing the amount of decomposition of the injected aftertreatment fluid. This is particularly beneficial when operating at relatively low exhaust temperatures, such as at engine start-up.

[0272] Decomposition is facilitated, at least in part, because the swirl of the main exhaust flow 152b after exiting the turbine impeller 118 is greater than, for example, the exhaust gas significantly downstream of the turbine impeller (e.g., in a decomposition chamber). As a result, there are regions of high turbulent kinetic energy within the exhaust flow (which facilitates mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the main exhaust flow due to increased momentum exchange between the aftertreatment fluid and the main exhaust flow), and their amplitude is greater due to proximity to the turbine impeller 118. The higher turbulent kinetic energy of the main exhaust flow also facilitates droplet breakup of the injected aftertreatment fluid. Increasing droplet breakup of the aftertreatment fluid can improve the uniformity of mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the main exhaust flow, thereby increasing decomposition of the aftertreatment fluid.

[0273] The temperature of the bulk exhaust stream 152b is also relatively high near the turbine wheel 118. The higher exhaust temperature promotes decomposition of the injected aftertreatment fluid by promoting evaporation of deionized water and thermal decomposition of urea into constituent reductants. Higher convective heat transfer from the bulk turbine stream to the aftertreatment fluid droplets also promotes decomposition.

[0274] The velocity of the bulk exhaust flow at the walls of the turbine outlet passage 116 is also higher near the turbine wheel 118 than at locations further downstream. The higher velocity creates relatively high shear forces in these regions and reduces the risk of aftertreatment fluid settling on, for example, the inner surface 111 defining the turbine outlet passage 116. Thus, the risk of undesirable deposit accumulation within the turbine outlet passage 116 is also reduced. The relatively high velocity of the bulk turbine flow also helps to improve convective heat transfer to the aftertreatment fluid droplets.

[0275] Removal of harmful gases from the bulk exhaust flow 152b (eg, detoxification of the exhaust) is thereby facilitated.

[0276] Since the dosing module mount 122 is located relatively close to the turbine wheel 118, and more generally close to the turbocharger 100, the dosing module 126 can be located close to engine auxiliary equipment (not shown). This in turn reduces the length of electrical and coolant cables, resulting in a more cost-effective system. The same applies to the NOx mount and NOx sensor, as well as any other exhaust gas sensors that may be provided and corresponding mounting devices.

[0277] Thus, in accordance with the present invention, the location of the dosing module 126 is advantageous in overcoming problems associated with: i) poor decomposition of the after-treatment fluid due to low exhaust temperatures and / or low turbulent kinetic energy of the exhaust flow; ii) packaging considerations / packaging limitations when positioning the dosing module significantly downstream of the engine; iii) undesirable system backpressure due to the use of a conventional downstream decomposition chamber, which can reduce the efficiency of the upstream engine; iv) after-treatment deposit formation on any near-interior surfaces; and v) the high thermal mass of the downstream after-treatment components (e.g., the decomposition chamber) of conventional systems.

[0278] It is also noted that in the illustrated embodiment, the bypass flow 152c is discharged directly into the same region of the turbine outlet channel 116 through the wastegate passage outlet 138, and the aftertreatment fluid is injected into the region. This region can be referred to as a mixing zone, which is directly disposed downstream of the turbine impeller 118. The mixing zone can extend through the entire turbine outlet channel 116, orthogonal to the flow axis 145. This is in contrast to an embodiment in which, for example, a diffuser insert (e.g., an internal diffuser tube or a secondary wall) can separate the main impact zone of the aftertreatment fluid from the bypass flow 152c (axially) (at least initially). For example, in such an embodiment, the bypass flow may initially flow around the diffuser insert and only mix with the aftertreatment fluid injected into the interior of the diffuser insert downstream of the diffuser insert. In the illustrated embodiment, the bypass flow 152c and the aftertreatment fluid are directly introduced into the mixing zone just downstream of the turbine impeller 118. This can also be described as a single-layer (e.g., single-wall) arrangement (i.e., there is no secondary wall or diffuser insert).

[0279] In the illustrated embodiment, the wastegate passage outlet 138 at least partially overlaps the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 along the flow axis 145 (although this may not be the case in other embodiments). In other words, the wastegate passage outlet 138 is positioned along the flow axis 145 such that the outlet intersection point 182 (indicating the location of the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126) is located within the axial range of the wastegate passage outlet 138. The wastegate passage outlet 138 is spaced apart from the outlet 166 in a circumferential direction about the flow axis 145. Figure 7 As shown, the wastegate passage outlet 138 is spaced approximately 90 degrees apart in a circumferential direction about the flow axis 145 from the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 .

[0280] return Figure 4 , the wastegate passage 136 is aligned so that the wastegate passage exhaust flow 152c (i.e., the bypass flow) exits the wastegate passage outlet 138 and enters the turbine outlet passage 116 (particularly the downstream portion 116b thereof) at a velocity that is generally tangential to the flow axis 145. This is also Figure 7 Shown in.

[0281] Introducing the wastegate passage exhaust flow 152c into the main exhaust flow 152b at a substantially tangential velocity promotes mixing of the injected aftertreatment fluid with the main exhaust flow 152b. This improved mixing means that the aftertreatment fluid is evenly distributed in the main exhaust flow 152b, and thus increases the amount of harmful gases that can be removed from the main exhaust flow 152c. In addition, the energy density of the wastegate passage exhaust flow 152c is relatively higher than that of the main exhaust flow 152b that has traveled through the turbine impeller 118. Compared with simply injecting the exhaust into the main exhaust flow 152c (i.e., without a wastegate passage), introducing exhaust with a higher energy density (including a higher temperature) helps the injected aftertreatment fluid to decompose more quickly and more fully.

[0282] The elongated geometry of the wastegate passage outlet 138 in the direction of the flow axis 145 (e.g., the hole is letterbox-shaped) and the tangential introduction of the wastegate passage exhaust flow 152c advantageously generate relatively high shear forces in the exhaust passage exhaust flow 152c. The shear forces are generated due to a layer of relatively high velocity exhaust gas near the inner surface 111. Such shear forces are desirable because they improve mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust gas and reduce the risk of deposits accumulating on the inner surface 111, particularly near the main impact zone (e.g., the surface generally opposite the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 and bounded by the spray cone 139). The letterbox-shaped wastegate passage outlet 138 also means that the shear forces are generated over a relatively large surface area (e.g., along the flow axis 145).

[0283] In the illustrated embodiment, the wastegate passage outlet 138 has an axial extent 155 (e.g., width) of about 50 mm (e.g., 52 mm). The axial extent of the wastegate passage outlet 138 is preferably between about 30 mm and about 100 mm. The wastegate passage outlet 138 has a height 157. In the illustrated embodiment, the height 157 is about 5 mm (e.g., 6 mm). The height 157 is preferably between about 3 mm and about 20 mm. The ratio of the axial extent 155 of the wastegate passage outlet 138 to the height 157 defines the aspect ratio of the outlet. In the illustrated embodiment, the ratio is about 9:1 (e.g., 8.7:1). The ratio is preferably between about 6:1 and about 10:1.

[0284] In the illustrated embodiment, the centroid of wastegate passage outlet 138 is located approximately 100 mm downstream from downstream end 178 of turbine wheel 118. In other embodiments, the centroid may be located closer to or farther from downstream end 178 (e.g., the spacing between the centroid and downstream end 178 is between approximately 50 mm and approximately 200 mm).

[0285] exist Figure 4In the side cross-sectional view of the turbocharger, the NOx sensor mount and NOx sensor are not visible. However, these features will be incorporated into Figures 6 to 8 Give a description.

[0286] Go to Figure 5 , provides Figure 4 An enlarged view of the dispensing module mount 122 and dispensing module 126 is shown in FIG.

[0287] The distribution module mounting seat 122 includes a boss 158. The distribution module mounting seat 122 protrudes from the connection adapter 110 relative to the flow axis (in a generally radially outward direction). The boss 158 includes a first recess 160. The first recess 160 extends from the radial distal end 159 of the boss 158 to the middle section of the wall 162 of the connection adapter 110 (which defines the turbine outlet passage 116). The wall 162 of the connection adapter includes an opening 164, which is a hole passing through the wall 162. The opening 164 is concentric with the first recess 160 of the boss 158. The first recess 160 is arranged to be in fluid communication with the opening 164 (at least in the absence of the distribution module 126). The opening 164 can be referred to as a distribution hole. The opening 164 connects the distribution module mounting seat 122 to the turbine outlet passage (e.g., defined by the inner surface 111 of the connection adapter). To accommodate a dispensing nozzle 170 having a diameter of about 12 mm, in the illustrated embodiment, the opening 164 is between about 13 mm and about 14 mm. It will be appreciated that the nozzle 170 and the opening 164 may have a variety of different sizes. For example, the nozzle 170 may be between about 5 mm and about 20 mm.

[0288] The first recess 160 is sized to receive at least a dispensing end 168 of the dispensing module 126. The dispensing end 168 includes a nozzle 170. The nozzle 170 defines an outlet 166 through which the aftertreatment fluid is injected in the form of a fine spray. Thus, the dispensing module 126 is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid from the outlet 166 of the dispensing module 126 through the opening 164 into the bulk exhaust flow in the turbine outlet passage 116.

[0289] The opening 164 in the wall 162 of the connection adapter 110 has a smaller diameter than the first recess 160 of the boss 158. Specifically, the diameter of the opening 164 is substantially equal to the diameter of the nozzle 170 of the dosing module 126. This is beneficial because it mitigates the return of the aftertreatment fluid ejected from the outlet 166 to the first recess 160.

[0290] The outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 is substantially aligned with the inner surface 111 defined by the wall 162 of the connection adapter 100. Therefore, the outlet 166 is substantially flush with the inner surface 111 of the connection adapter 110. Therefore, the nozzle 170 of the dosing module does not extend into the turbine outlet passage 116. In other words, the turbine outlet passage 116 will not be blocked or clogged. If the nozzle 170 extends into the turbine outlet passage 116, it may obstruct the main exhaust flow, thereby reducing the efficiency of the turbine impeller 118 and potentially reducing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Nevertheless, in other embodiments, the nozzle 170 may extend into the turbine outlet passage 116 (e.g., protrude from the opening 164).

[0291] The dosing module 126 further defines a dosing module axis 167. The dosing module axis 167 extends through the centroid of the dosing module outlet 166. In the illustrated embodiment, the centroid of the opening 164 in the connection adapter 110 intersects the dosing module axis 167. For the avoidance of doubt, the centroid of the dosing module outlet 166 refers to the geometric center of the outlet 166, and the centroid of the opening 164 refers to the geometric center of the opening 164.

[0292] Figure 5 It is shown how the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 is substantially flush with the inner surface 111 of the connection adapter 110. Substantially flush means that the outlet 166 is located within about ±2 mm of the opening 164 in the inner surface 111 along the dosing module axis 167. This advantageously reduces the risk of exhaust gas recirculation near the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126.

[0293] Although Figure 5 1, but the dosing module 126 can be fixed to the dosing module mount 122 by a clamp (e.g., a V-band clamp) and / or using one or more fasteners (e.g., bolts and / or screws). The dosing module 126 is preferably a module that can be attached from the outside. The dosing module 126 is preferably installed and removed from the outside of the dosing system.

[0294] In a method of installing a dosing module 126, or more generally, in a method of assembling a turbine dosing system, a first method step includes engaging the dosing module 126 with the dosing module mount 122. A subsequent step may include securing the dosing module 126 to the dosing module mount 122. The securing may be performed by a clamp that may be secured around flanges of the dosing module 126 and the dosing module mount 122.

[0295] The dispensing module mounting seat 122 is integral with the surrounding connection adapter structure. Advantageously, this eliminates the need to weld a separate dispensing module mounting seat to the connection adapter. Eliminating the need to weld a separate dispensing module mounting seat to the connection adapter is desirable because welding may result in material changes and / or create areas that are more susceptible to corrosion. Therefore, assembly time and associated production costs are reduced compared to embodiments in which the dispensing module mounting seat is first connected (e.g., welded) to the surrounding structure. Providing an integrated or one-piece dispensing module mounting seat 122 also reduces the number of joints present, thereby reducing the possibility of failure of the entire connection adapter.

[0296] exist Fig.11 and Fig.12 A dispensing module mount similar to dispensing module mount 158 ​​is shown separately in FIG, and is described in more detail below.

[0297] For completeness, any dosing module mount described throughout this document may be incorporated as part of a turbine housing (eg, a unitary turbine housing), a connection adapter, or a conduit.

[0298] Figure 6 is an alternative cross-sectional view of the turbine housing assembly 102 of the turbocharger 100 .

[0299] The connection adapter 110 also defines an exhaust gas sensor passage 300. For this embodiment, the exhaust gas sensor passage 300 is for use with the NOx sensor 128. Therefore, the exhaust gas sensor passage 300 may be interchangeably referred to as the NOx sensor passage 300, although it will be appreciated that other exhaust gas sensors may be used in conjunction with the passage 300 in other embodiments.

[0300] NOx sensor passage 300 is configured to receive exhaust gas in bulk exhaust flow 152b upstream of dosing module outlet 166. Thus, exhaust gas in NOx sensor passage 300 (referred to herein as NOx sensor exhaust flow 152d) does not contain any aftertreatment fluid.

[0301] In the illustrated embodiment, the axial extent of the exhaust gas sensor passage 300 is approximately 100 mm. The axial extent of the exhaust gas sensor passage 300 is preferably between approximately 20 mm and approximately 250 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, the end of the exhaust gas sensor passage 300 located near the turbine wheel 118 (e.g., the upstream end of the exhaust gas sensor passage) is axially offset by approximately 40 mm from the downstream end 178 of the turbine wheel 118. The upstream end of the exhaust gas sensor passage 300 is preferably offset by between approximately 10 mm and approximately 100 mm from the downstream end 178 of the turbine wheel 118.

[0302] The exhaust passage 300 (which may also be referred to as a chamber) is used to separate a component portion (e.g., a portion) 152d of the exhaust gas from the main flow 152b of the turbine exhaust. The exhaust passage 300 is configured to reduce one or both of the velocity and pressure of the exhaust gas 152d therein, which allows exhaust gas sensors (e.g., Figure 6 The NOx sensor 128 in the exhaust passage 300 is located in the exhaust passage 300 and provides a less harsh environment for the sensor. This also allows the exhaust sensor 128 to be located at a position further upstream than would otherwise be the case. This allows the exhaust sensor 128 to be placed downstream of the turbine impeller 118 without inserting a catalyst unit or a filter unit between the turbine impeller 118 and the exhaust sensor 128. In addition, the readings of the exhaust sensor (particularly the NOx sensor) may be adversely affected by the reductant added to the exhaust gas to reduce the NOx level. Therefore, by providing an exhaust passage 300 separated from the turbine main flow 152b, the exhaust sensor 128 disposed in the exhaust passage 300 can be protected from the reductant added to the exhaust gas. In this way, the exhaust sensor 128 is able to measure the composition of the exhaust gas without the reading being affected by the presence of the reductant injected into the exhaust gas. Without the protection provided by the exhaust passage 300, the exhaust sensor (particularly the NOx sensor) may be damaged by exposure to DEF and may provide incorrect readings. Nevertheless, it will be understood that in some embodiments, the exhaust passage 300 and the sensor 128 may be omitted.

[0303] The exhaust passage 300 includes a passage wall 304. The passage wall 304 at least partially defines the exhaust passage 300. The passage wall 304 also at least partially defines the turbine outlet passage 116 at the opposite side of the exhaust passage 300. The passage wall 304 is configured to separate a component portion of the exhaust gas 152d from the turbine main flow 152b of the exhaust gas. The passage wall 304 is radially inserted (e.g., recessed) from the surrounding inner surface 111 (which defines the turbine outlet passage 116) to allow a component portion of the exhaust gas 152d to be measured to be separated from the turbine main flow 152b of the exhaust gas. The exhaust passage 300 is configured to allow a component portion of the exhaust gas 152d to expand therein. The exhaust passage 300 has an inlet 306 and an outlet 308.

[0304] The NOx sensor 128 is mounted on the NOx sensor mount 124 in a position that allows a portion (e.g., the tip) of the NOx sensor 128 to be exposed to any exhaust gas 152d in the exhaust passage 300, and the portion of the NOx sensor 128 can be used to measure the characteristics of the exhaust gas. In the illustrated embodiment, the NOx sensor 128 is secured using fasteners 125, 127, but in other embodiments, the NOx sensor can be secured using an alternative mechanism (e.g., a V-band clamp). As described above, the NOx sensor is only one example of an exhaust gas sensor, and other sensors (which optionally utilize an exhaust gas sensor passage) can also be used.

[0305] As mentioned above about Figure 4 as described, and as Figure 6 As shown, the wastegate passage outlet 138 axially overlaps the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 (along the flow axis 145). The wastegate passage outlet 138 and the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 are also circumferentially spaced approximately 90 degrees (about the flow axis 145). The NOx sensor 128 does not axially overlap the dosing module outlet 166. Instead, the NOx sensor 128 is axially located upstream of the dosing module outlet 166. The centroids of the NOx sensor 128 and the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 are spaced approximately 90 degrees apart in a circumferential direction opposite to the spacing of the centroids of the wastegate passage outlet 138 in the circumferential direction. Thus, the NOx sensor 128 is spaced approximately 180 degrees apart from the centroid of the wastegate passage outlet 138 in the circumferential direction. The position of the NOx sensor 128 may be defined by the NOx sensor axis 302.

[0306] The NOx sensor 128 is very sensitive to high gas velocities, temperature fluctuations, pressure fluctuations, and corrosive chemicals and fluids. The NOx sensor 128 is particularly sensitive to high gas velocities because, in the illustrated embodiment, the NOx sensor 128 includes an internal heater that attempts to maintain the sensor at approximately 1073° Kelvin. The high velocity exhaust gas may actually cool the sensor by convection cooling, and the NOx sensor 128 may be forced to operate at a high duty cycle in response to attempting to maintain the sensor temperature at approximately 1073° Kelvin.

[0307] By positioning the NOx sensor 128 in the NOx sensor passage 300, the NOx sensor 128 is not directly exposed to the highest velocity exhaust flow in the turbine outlet passage 116. In a similar manner, the NOx sensor 128 samples only exhaust gas from the bulk exhaust flow 152b. Therefore, any NOx readings are representative of the bulk exhaust flow 152b.

[0308] Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the reductants produced by the thermal decomposition of urea in the after-treatment fluid may be corrosive to certain metals (e.g., iron and aluminum). By providing the dosing module outlet 166 downstream of the NOx sensor 128, and by shielding the NOx sensor 128 within the NOx sensor passage 300, the after-treatment fluid may be substantially prevented from contacting the NOx sensor 128 or forming deposits at or near the NOx sensor 128.

[0309] To further protect the NOx sensor 128, the dosing module 126 is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid in a generally downstream direction (e.g., with the main exhaust flow 152b). In the illustrated embodiment, the dosing module 126 is tilted approximately 7° in a manner that deviates from the vertical direction (e.g., 7° from the orthogonal line of the flow axis 145) in the downstream direction, which is perpendicular to the conical inner surface 111 (e.g., diffuser cone) at the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126. By injecting the aftertreatment fluid into the main exhaust flow 152b in a generally downstream direction (i.e., away from the turbine impeller 118), the risk of the aftertreatment fluid and associated byproducts contacting the NOx sensor 128 is reduced. However, it will be understood that in other embodiments, the dosing module 126 can be tilted to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the main exhaust flow in a generally vertical direction relative to the flow axis 145. In other embodiments, the dosing module 126 can be configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid in a generally upstream direction (i.e., toward the turbine impeller 118).

[0310] Although not shown in the illustrated embodiment, the turbine outlet passage 116, the NOx sensor passage 300, the dosing module mount 122, and / or the NOx sensor mount 124 may be at least partially formed of or lined with stainless steel. This is desirable because stainless steel is resistant to corrosion by byproducts formed by the injected post-treatment fluid. Therefore, it is desirable that at least one primary impact zone (e.g., the surface generally opposite the outlet of the dosing module) be formed of or lined with stainless steel. Other equally corrosion resistant materials may be used in place of or in combination with stainless steel. Coatings and / or surface treatments may also be used to improve corrosion resistance.

[0311] For similar reasons to those described above, it may also be advantageous to provide stainless steel surfaces at any bends and / or diverging portions (e.g. diffusers) in the turbine outlet passage (either by lining, or by making the surrounding structure out of stainless steel). In addition, stainless steel linings may advantageously be provided at any joints or interfaces between components defining the turbine outlet passage. For example, a stainless steel sleeve may be provided between the turbine housing and the connection adapter to reduce the risk of corrosion at the joint between the two.

[0312] Figure 7is an end view of the turbocharger 100 as seen from the turbine housing assembly 102 end. Figure 7 The relative circumferential spacing of the dosing module 126, the NOx sensor 128 and the wastegate passage outlet 138 about the flow axis 145 can be seen in FIG. Further features of the turbine dosing system 105 can thus be seen. Figure 7 Also shown is outlet 308 of exhaust gas sensor passage 300 .

[0313] An angle 311 between the dosing module axis 167 and the center axis 302 of the NOx sensor 128 (i.e., the circumferential offset between the dosing module 126 and the NOx sensor 128) is about 90 degrees (about the flow axis 145). Angle 311 may preferably be between about 30 degrees and about 90 degrees. Similarly, an angle 313 between a wastegate passage outlet axis 310 passing through the centroid of the wastegate passage outlet 138 and the dosing module axis 167 (i.e., the circumferential offset between the centroid of the wastegate passage outlet 138 and the dosing module 126) is also about 90 degrees about the flow axis 145. Angle 313 is preferably between about 30 degrees and about 110 degrees. In the illustrated embodiment, an angle 315 between the wastegate passage outlet axis 310 and the center axis 302 of the NOx sensor 128 (i.e., the circumferential offset between the centroid of the wastegate passage outlet 138 and the NOx sensor 128) is about 180 degrees. The angle 315 is preferably between about 75 degrees and about 180 degrees. The dosing module 126 is circumferentially interposed between the wastegate passage outlet 138 and the NOx sensor 128 .

[0314] Dosing module 126 is configured to inject aftertreatment fluid into turbine outlet passage 116 such that spray cone 139 of aftertreatment fluid does not impinge wastegate passage outlet 138. In other words, spray cone 139 is desirably non-overlapping with wastegate passage outlet 138 in the circumferential direction.

[0315] The NOx sensor 128 is positioned in a circumferential direction to facilitate access to fasteners that connect the connection adapter 110 to the turbine housing 108. The combination of the NOx sensor 128 and the dosing module 126 are positioned to preferably avoid aftertreatment fluid from impinging on the NOx sensor 128. In other words, it is desirable that the spray cone 139 does not overlap the NOx sensor 128 circumferentially.

[0316] In order to avoid the aftertreatment fluid from collecting at the outlet 166 of the distribution module 126, when the turbocharger 100 is installed in the engine system, the outlet 166 of the distribution module 126 is preferably located circumferentially outside the lowest 90° sector around the flow axis 145. In other words, the distribution module axis 167 is preferably located at the lowest vertical position of the circumference of the turbine outlet channel 116 at the axial position along the flow axis 145. 1Thus, by effectively mounting the dosing module 126 to provide an outflow angle for any stagnant after-treatment fluid at the outlet 166 , the risk of the outlet 166 of the dosing module 126 becoming clogged by stagnant after-treatment fluid, for example after being shut down, can be reduced.

[0317] The NOx sensor 128 is preferably located within the uppermost 160° sector about the flow axis 145. In other words, the NOx sensor 128 is preferably mounted at least 10° above the horizontal about the flow axis 145. This facilitates the removal of fluids (e.g., water vapor from the exhaust gas, which may condense on the inner surface after shut-off) from the NOx sensor 128. The risk of ceramic elements (e.g., forming part of the sensor) that may be present in the NOx sensor 128 failing during multiple thermal cycles is also reduced.

[0318] Figure 7 Also shown is the connection adapter 110 through a plurality of fasteners 312 ( Figure 7 The fasteners 312 are fastened to (i.e., connected to) the turbine housing 108 (only one of which is shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the fasteners 312 are bolts, but it will be appreciated that other fasteners may be used. Similarly, in other embodiments, a clamp (e.g., a V-band clamp) may be used to secure the connection adapter to the turbine housing. The fasteners 312 extend through corresponding holes in the connection adapter 110 (e.g., see Fig. 9 ), and threadedly engage with corresponding threaded holes in the turbine housing 108. It can be said that the plurality of fasteners 312 define an asymmetric bolt pattern. Advantageously, this ensures proper orientation of the connection adapter 110 on the turbine housing 108 (e.g., a mistake-proofing function / feature). One or more of the plurality of fasteners 312 can be oriented at a relative angle relative to the axis 145 (e.g., in a non-axial direction). Orienting one or more of the plurality of fasteners 312 at relative angles can improve tool access (e.g., reduce the risk of the head of one or more of the fasteners 312 being blocked or obscured by another component (e.g., the connection adapter 110 itself)).

[0319] Figure 7 Also shown is wastegate passage exhaust flow 152c entering turbine outlet passage 116 in a generally tangential direction. Figure 7As shown, when viewed from the outer end of the connection adapter 110, the wastegate channel exhaust flow 152c swirls in a generally counterclockwise direction. The swirl direction is the same as the direction of the swirl of the main exhaust flow 152b when it expands through the turbine impeller 118. Therefore, the wastegate channel exhaust flow 152c can be considered to swirl in the same direction as the main exhaust flow 152b. The swirl direction can be described relative to the direction extending toward the impeller chamber around the turbine impeller axis (in the illustrated embodiment, coinciding with the flow axis 145) of the volute 113. Specifically, the exhaust flow swirls in the same direction as the direction in which the volute 113 extends. The swirl direction of the main exhaust flow 152b may vary with the engine operating conditions. For example, under certain operating conditions, the main exhaust flow or a portion of the main exhaust flow may swirl in a direction opposite to the direction in which the volute 113 extends. For example, under operating conditions where the turbine achieves peak power output, the main exhaust flow may swirl in a direction substantially the same as the direction in which the volute 113 extends. However, if the turbine is operated under lower load conditions, a portion or all of the bulk exhaust flow may swirl in a direction opposite to the direction in which the volute 113 extends.

[0320] Figure 8 is from Figure 4 1 is a cross-sectional end view of the turbocharger 100 taken along plane AA shown in FIG.

[0321] Figure 8 The NOx sensor 128 is shown axially upstream of the dosing module 126 (ie, closer to the turbine wheel 118 ). This is to reduce the risk of aftertreatment fluid impinging on the NOx sensor 128 .

[0322] Figure 7 It is shown how both the dosing module mount 122 and the NOx sensor mount 124 are integrated with the connection adapter 110. In other words, the dosing module mount 122 and the NOx sensor mount 124 form a unitary structure with the connection adapter 110. In other embodiments, the dosing module mount 122 and / or the NOx sensor mount 124 may be formed of separate components that are subsequently connected to the connection adapter 110.

[0323] Figure 8 Also shown are a portion of the wastegate passage 136 , the valve member 140 , and further portions of the path taken by the wastegate passage exhaust flow 152 c .

[0324] Steering Fig. 9 , provides a perspective cross-sectional view of an active cavity that defines a volume of a portion of the turbine distribution system 102 through which exhaust gas may flow. Fig. 9 Areas of particular interest of wastegate passage 136 are shown (e.g., Figure 8 shown).

[0325] The wastegate passage 136 is configured to deliver the wastegate passage exhaust 152c flow from the wastegate passage 136 to the turbine outlet passage 116 via the wastegate passage outlet 138 in a substantially tangential direction (relative to the flow axis 145). That is, the wastegate passage 136 is configured to deliver (bypass) the exhaust gas into the turbine outlet passage 116 in a direction that swirls about the flow axis 145. Therefore, any interference of the exhaust gas exiting from the wastegate passage 136 with the turbine body flow in the turbine outlet passage 116 is reduced (assuming that the exhaust gas in the wastegate passage 136 is delivered in the same swirl direction as the turbine body flow, rather than in a swirl direction opposite to the turbine body flow). The wastegate passage exhaust 152c flow can be introduced at an angle of up to about ±5° relative to the "true" tangential direction of the turbine outlet passage 116. In other embodiments, the wastegate passage 136 may be configured to route exhaust gas into the turbine outlet passage 116 in a generally axial direction relative to the flow axis 145 .

[0326] The wastegate passage 136 does not have a constant cross-sectional area along its extent (eg, from the wastegate passage inlet to the wastegate passage outlet 138). Specifically, the cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage 136 increases from the wastegate passage inlet ( Fig. 9 The cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage 136 (not visible in FIG. 1 ) changes (e.g., increases) toward the wastegate passage outlet 138. At the most upstream point 143 of the wastegate passage outlet 138, the cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage 136 (indicated by the dashed line) defines a critical area 141 of the wastegate passage 136. The critical area 141 defines the effective flow area of ​​the wastegate passage 136, and specifically, defines the effective flow area through which exhaust gas flowing through the wastegate passage 136 can flow. The critical area 141 can be described as being orthogonal to the direction of (bypass) exhaust gas in the wastegate passage 136. The critical area 141 can be described as the narrowest point (e.g., the smallest cross-sectional area, which can be referred to as a bypass area) of the wastegate passage 136 downstream of the inlet of the wastegate passage 136 (e.g., upstream of the turbine outlet passage 116). Although Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken through a portion of the critical region 141 (eg, artificially reducing the critical region size), but it will be understood that the actual critical region 141 extends through the entire axial extent of the wastegate passage outlet 138 .

[0327] The critical region 141 is approximately 120% (approximately 1.2 times) larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage inlet. The area of ​​the wastegate passage inlet may be defined by a valve seat (e.g., when the corresponding valve member is in an open configuration). The valve seat may also be described as a wastegate port. The cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage inlet may define the minimum cross-sectional area along the wastegate passage. In other embodiments, the critical region 141 may be between about 100% and about 180% (about 1 to 1.8 times) of the cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage inlet, and preferably, may be between about 100% and about 150% (about 1 to 1.5 times) of the cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage inlet. The increase in cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage 136 from the wastegate passage inlet to the critical region 141 may compensate for friction and pressure losses in the exhaust as the exhaust travels through the wastegate passage 136 (e.g., to compensate for friction and pressure losses downstream of the valve member). In addition, any friction / pressure drop losses may be compensated by an increase in cross-sectional area. Thus, the bypass exhaust flow along the wastegate passage 136 is not obstructed to a greater extent than at the wastegate passage inlet (e.g., at the valve seat). Thus, constriction of the bypass exhaust flow downstream of the wastegate passage inlet can be avoided. This is desirable because flow through the wastegate passage 136 can be directly controlled by actuation of the valve member over the entire operating range without being affected by constriction of the exhaust flow downstream of the valve member. Thus, the proportion of the bypass exhaust flow entering the turbine outlet passage 116 can be controlled by actuation of the valve member.

[0328] However, as described above, in other embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the critical region 141 may be substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the wastegate passage inlet.

[0329] Fig.10 is an isolated perspective view of the connection adapter 110. As will be understood from the previous figures, the connection adapter 110 forms part of the turbine distribution system.

[0330] The connection adapter 110 defines an inner surface 111, which in turn defines a downstream portion 116b of the turbine outlet passage 116 (eg, Figure 4 As described above, the downstream portion 116b of the turbine outlet passage 116 may also be described as a connection adapter passage.

[0331] The connection adapter 110 includes a webbed portion 318 at a first end 115 of the connection adapter 110 (e.g., an end near the turbine housing when assembled as part of a turbine housing assembly). The webbed portion 318 is configured to engage the turbine housing 108 (optionally, with an intervening gasket). The webbed portion 318 may be referred to as a first connection portion.

[0332] The webbed portion 318 further defines a plurality of flange arm portions 320 ( Fig. 9 The flange arm portions 320 extend outwardly away from the flow axis (only one of which is labeled). The flange arm portions 320 each include a hole 322 for receiving a fastener (e.g., a bolt) therethrough. When the first end 115 of the connection adapter 110 engages the turbine housing 108, the hole 332 is aligned with a corresponding hole provided in the turbine housing 108. Thus, the fastener can extend through the hole 322 and into a corresponding (threaded) hole in the turbine housing 108. In order to form a secure seal between the connection adapter 110 and the turbine housing 108, a gasket can be provided between the connection adapter 110 and the turbine housing 108 (see Figure 4 The gasket 117 in FIG. 1 is a gasket that can be formed of graphite, steel, copper, or a composite material of multiple materials. Therefore, exhaust gas leakage between the connection adapter 110 and the turbine housing 108 is substantially prevented.

[0333] The connection adapter 110 also includes a flange 325. The flange 325 can also be described as a second connection portion. The flange 325 is disposed at a second end 335 of the connection adapter 110. The flange 325 is configured to engage a downstream pipe (specifically, its corresponding connection portion). The wall 162 of the connection adapter 110 forms a portion of a structure extending from the first end 115 of the connection adapter 110 to the second end 335 of the connection adapter 110.

[0334] As previously mentioned, the dosing module mount 122 includes a boss 158. The boss 158 extends from a wall 162 of the connection adapter 110 in a generally radial direction (relative to the flow axis 145).

[0335] The first recess 160 of the boss 158 is configured to receive at least a portion of a distribution module (e.g., at least a distribution end of the distribution module). The first recess 160 does not have a constant diameter. An inner step portion 328 is defined at an end 331 of the first recess 160 near the flow axis 145. The second recess 161 can be described as defining at least a portion of an opening that is defined between the inner surface 111 and the first recess 160. In the illustrated embodiment, the second recess 161 has a constant diameter. The second recess 161 can be described as a through hole. The second recess 161 connects the first recess 160 to the portion of the turbine outlet passage defined by the connection adapter 110. The second recess 161 receives the nozzle 170 of the distribution module (see Figure 5 ). The combination of the first recess 160 and the second recess 161 may be described as being similar to a stepped hole or a blind hole.

[0336] The inner step portion 328 can receive a gasket, such as a graphite gasket, which is disposed between the step portion 328 and the dispensing module (to assist in sealing therebetween). Thus, a seal can be formed between the dispensing module and the dispensing module mount 122. A graphite gasket is particularly advantageous because it is resistant to corrosion and high temperatures.

[0337] Boss 158 includes a first portion 324 and a second portion 326. First portion 324 is proximate to flow axis 145 (and extends directly from wall 162 of connection adapter 110). Second portion 326 extends from first portion 324. Second portion 324 is offset inwardly relative to first portion 324 so that an outer step portion 327 is defined between portions 324, 326. First portion 324 is also at least partially hollow, thereby defining at least a portion of first recess 160 for receiving a dosing module. First portion 324 and second portion 326 may be referred to as an inner portion and an outer portion, respectively, relative to flow axis 145.

[0338] The boss 158 also includes a flange 329. The flange 329 is disposed at an outer end (relative to the flow axis 145) of the second portion 326 of the boss 158. An end face 330 of the flange 329 defines an engagement surface. When mounted in place, the dispensing module engages at least the engagement surface defined by the end face 330 (directly or indirectly). In other words, the engagement between the dispensing module and at least the engagement surface of the dispensing module mount 122 provides at least partial (if not complete) alignment and support of the dispensing module.

[0339] In use, the dosing module may be secured to the dosing module mount 122 by a clamp, such as a V-band clamp. Alternative attachment means include the use of fasteners, or threaded engagement of the dosing module with the dosing module mount.

[0340] Fig.11 is a perspective view of a portion of a connection adapter 410 according to another embodiment of the present invention. For completeness, Fig.12 yes Fig.11 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a connection adapter 410. The connection adapter 410 forms part of a turbine distribution system. Thus, the connection adapter 410 is used for distribution of an aftertreatment fluid to a turbine housing assembly.

[0341] The connection adapter 410 includes a first end (not shown) for engaging a turbine housing and a second, opposite end 412 configured to engage a downstream pipe. Specifically, a flange 413 (which may be referred to as a second connection portion) is disposed at the second end 412 and is configured to engage a downstream pipe. The connection adapter 410 defines a connection adapter channel 414. It can be said that the connection adapter channel 414 is defined by the inner surface of the connection adapter 410. When the connection adapter 410 engages a turbine housing (e.g., Figures 2 to 11 When the turbine housing 108 is shown in FIG. 1 , the connecting adapter passage 414 defines at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage.

[0342] The connection adapter 410 includes a dispensing module mount 416. The dispensing module mount 416 is configured to align with and support the dispensing module. Fig.10 As with the dispensing module mount 122 described above, the dispensing module mount 416 shares many common features therewith, including a boss 418. The dispensing module mount 416 is integral with the surrounding structure of the connection adapter 410 (defining the connection adapter channel 414). Providing the dispensing module mount 416 and the connection adapter as an integral structure is advantageous because manufacturing time and production costs are reduced because the need to weld the dispensing module mount to the connection adapter is eliminated. Providing an integral dispensing module mount 416 reduces the number of joints present, thereby reducing the possibility of component failure.

[0343] Steering Fig.12 , boss 418 includes a hole 420, which can be referred to as a second recess, which is configured to receive a portion of a dosing module (not shown). Connector adapter 410 includes a wall 424 that defines at least a portion of connector adapter channel 414. Wall 424 is an example of a structure that extends from a first end of connector adapter 410 to a second end 412. Opening 422 is defined in wall 424 of connector adapter 410. Thus, there is a fluid path through hole 420 and into connector adapter channel 414 through opening 422. Thus, the dosing module can inject the aftertreatment fluid into (the exhaust gas in) connector adapter channel 414 through opening 422 of connector adapter 410.

[0344] The dispensing module mount 416 defines a dispensing module mount axis 426. The hole 420 is rotationally symmetric about the dispensing module mount axis 426. Similarly, the first recess 421 extending from the hole 420 is also rotationally symmetric about the dispensing module mount axis 426. This is also Fig.11 Visible in.

[0345] return Fig.12, the hole 420 or first recess has a first diameter 428. The second recess 421 has a second diameter 430. The second recess 421 extends axially from the hole 420 (the hole 420 is near the connecting adapter channel 414). The second diameter 430 is greater than the first diameter 428. A step portion 432 is defined between the hole 420 and the second recess 421 (i.e., the diameter of the overall cavity defined by both the hole 420 and the second recess 421 increases from the first diameter 428 to the second diameter 430). The step portion 432 can place a gasket (e.g., a graphite gasket) between a portion of the dosing module and the step portion 432.

[0346] like Fig.11 and 12 As shown, the distal end 419 of the boss 418 (i.e., the axially outermost end of the boss 418) also includes a flange 434. The flange 434 is the area of ​​the boss 418 that protrudes radially outward from the distribution module mounting seat axis 426. The flange 434 has an outer face 435 that defines an engagement surface that a distribution module (e.g., its corresponding flange) can engage. In one embodiment, a clamp (e.g., a V-band clamp) can be fixed to the flange 434 of the distribution module mounting seat 416 and the corresponding flange of the distribution module so that the flanges are fixed in a manner that abuts against each other (thereby fixing the distribution module to the distribution module mounting seat 416).

[0347] The stepped portion 432 and / or the outer face 435 of the flange 434 may be machined (eg, in a milling process) to improve the surface finish for sealing and / or tolerance reasons.

[0348] In other embodiments, the dispensing module mounting seat may include a hole or recess, wherein a fastener such as a bolt may be used to secure the dispensing module to the dispensing module mounting seat. Similarly, the boss may include a threaded surface, and a complementary thread provided on the dispensing module mounting seat may threadably engage the threaded surface to secure the dispensing module. Specifically, the threaded surface may be provided on the inner surface of the boss (e.g., at least along the portion of the hole 420 and / or the second recess 421) and / or on the outer surface of the boss.

[0349] Although the above description relates to a dosing module mount 122, 416 provided as part of a connection adapter, it will be appreciated that the dosing module mount may also form part of an integral turbine casing, or part of a conduit downstream of a turbine casing or turbine casing assembly.

[0350] Fig.13 is a side view of a turbine dosing system 502 for a turbocharger according to another embodiment.

[0351] The turbine distribution system 502 includes a turbine housing 504 (forming part of the turbine 503 ) and a conduit 506 connected to an end of the turbine housing 504 .

[0352] The turbine housing 504 defines a turbine inlet passage 508, a turbine wheel chamber 510, and a portion of a turbine outlet passage 512. Specifically, the turbine housing 504 defines an upstream portion 512a of the turbine outlet passage 512. Although the above references are indicated on the exterior of the turbine distribution system 502, it will be understood that references to the passages and wheel chambers refer to the turbine outlet passages 512a and 512b. Fig.13 Internal features not visible in the

[0353] The function of the turbine housing 504 is the same as the turbine housing 102 described in connection with the previous figures. However, the turbine housing 504 is not connected in its entirety to a separate connection adapter. Therefore, the turbine housing 504 can be cast as a single, unitary structure. The turbine 503 is a wastegate turbine (as shown by the actuation rod 505). However, in other embodiments, the turbine 503 may not be incorporated into the wastegate assembly. The turbine 503 may be a variable geometry turbine.

[0354] As the exhaust flows downstream of the turbine wheel, thereby flowing through the turbine wheel chamber 510 , the exhaust enters an upstream portion 512 a of a turbine outlet passage 512 (defined by the turbine housing 504 ).

[0355] In the illustrated embodiment, the duct 506 defines a downstream portion 512b of the turbine outlet passage 512. The downstream portion 512b of the turbine outlet passage 512 can be described as a duct passage. The turbine outlet passage 512 extending from the turbine housing 504 and passing through the duct 506 defines a flow axis 516. As described in conjunction with the previous embodiment, the flow axis 516 extends from a downstream point of the turbine impeller and defines the centerline of the turbine outlet passage 516. It can be understood from the shape of the duct 506 that the downstream portion 512b of the turbine outlet passage 512 diverges near the distribution module 522. Therefore, the duct 506 defines at least a portion of the diffuser downstream of the turbine housing 504. The cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage 512 becomes constant downstream of the downstream portion 512b of the turbine outlet passage 512. Therefore, it can be said that the duct 506 defines the diffuser of the turbine 503.

[0356] The duct 506 includes a bend 518. Thus, the duct 506 is configured to direct the exhaust flow received from the turbine housing 504 in a direction that deviates from the turbine wheel axis 514. This is indicated by the flow axis 516 near the bend 518, which deviates from the linear trajectory of the turbine wheel axis 514. For corrosion resistance reasons, the duct 506 can be made of stainless steel, or incorporate a stainless steel liner. The stainless steel liner can be present at the bend 518 (where deposits / sediments formed by the aftertreatment fluid and associated byproducts are most likely to accumulate).

[0357] The duct 506 also includes a dosing module mount 520. The dosing module mount 520 is engaged with a (self-atomizing) dosing module 522. The dosing module 522 is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the downstream portion 512b of the turbine outlet passage 512 through an opening (not shown) in the wall of the duct 506. The dosing module mount 522 is disposed upstream of the bend 518 in the duct 506. The dosing module mount 520 is inclined so that the aftertreatment fluid from the dosing module 522 is injected in a generally downstream direction away from the turbine housing 504. In other embodiments, the dosing module mount 520 and the dosing module 522 can be configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid in a generally upstream direction toward the turbine housing 504.

[0358] Due to the incorporation of dosing module mount 520 as part of conduit 506 and the associated location of dosing module 522 along conduit 506, conduit 506 may be described as a post-treatment fluid dosing conduit.

[0359] By locating the dosing module 522 close to the turbine wheel (in the illustrated embodiment, less than about two inducer diameters), the advantages previously mentioned herein, including uniform mixing of the aftertreatment fluid and decomposition of urea therein, may also be achieved using the turbine dosing system 502 .

[0360] The distribution module mounting seat 520 is integrally formed with the pipeline 506. In other words, the distribution module mounting seat 520 and the pipeline 506 (which defines the downstream portion 512b of the turbine outlet passage 512) are an integral structure. Therefore, the distribution module mounting seat 520 and the pipeline 506 can be formed by casting a single structure. Since the aftertreatment fluid is injected into the exhaust flow in the pipeline 506, the pipeline 506 can be made of stainless steel or lined with stainless steel. Stainless steel can resist corrosion due to byproducts of the aftertreatment fluid, which may impact the pipeline and may also cause corrosion.

[0361] The first, upstream end 524 of the conduit 506 is engaged with the downstream end 526 of the turbine housing 504. The first end 524 of the conduit 506 can be said to include a connection portion that facilitates securing the conduit 506 to the turbine housing 504. The conduit 506 can be secured to the turbine housing 504 using one or more fasteners (e.g., bolts) and / or clamps (e.g., V-band clamps). In order to provide a secure seal between the conduit 506 and the turbine housing 504, a gasket can be provided at the connection between the conduit 506 and the turbine housing 504 to mitigate any fluid leakage at the connection.

[0362] Fig.14 is a perspective view of a turbocharger 600 including a turbine dosing system 602 according to another embodiment.

[0363] The turbocharger 600 includes a turbine 603 and a compressor 601 . Fig.14 The turbine 603 is similar to Fig.13 Therefore, for the sake of brevity, only the following description is given. Fig.13 and Fig.14 The differences between turbine allocation systems 502 and 602 in FIG.

[0364] Turbine distribution system 602 and Fig.13 The turbine distribution system 502 in FIG. 5 is different in that the conduit 606 does not include a bend. Instead, the flow axis 616 defined by the conduit 606 is generally axial and generally coincident with the turbine wheel axis 614. It will be appreciated that the flow axis 616 does deviate slightly from the turbine wheel axis 614 (e.g., there is a bend or dog leg 617). However, this small deviation does not constitute a significant difference as described above. Fig.13 A bend 518 is shown whereby the flow axis 516 of the turbine outlet passage 512b changes direction completely (ie, more than about 45 degrees) from the turbine wheel axis 514 .

[0365] return Fig.14 , turbine distribution system 602 and Fig.13 The turbine distribution system 502 is also different in that the distribution module mount 620 is not integrally formed with the pipe 606. Instead, the distribution module mount 620 is (initially) a separate component from the pipe 606 and is attached to the pipe 606 in a subsequent joining process (e.g., by welding).

[0366] The duct 606 also has a connection portion defined at a first end thereof that is configured to engage with a turbine casing. The duct 606 defines a duct passage.

[0367] Fig.15is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of a turbocharger 650 incorporating a turbine metering system 652 according to another embodiment. Fig.15 Components such as the compressor of the turbocharger 650 are omitted.

[0368] The turbine dosing system 652 includes a turbine housing 654 (forming part of a turbine 656 ), a conduit 658 connected to the turbine housing 654 , and a dosing module 655 mounted to the conduit 658 .

[0369] The turbine housing 654 defines a portion (e.g., an upstream portion) of a turbine inlet passage 660, a turbine wheel chamber 662, and a turbine outlet passage 664. Specifically, the turbine housing 654 defines an upstream portion 666 of the turbine outlet passage 664, and the duct 658 defines a downstream portion 668 of the turbine outlet passage 664. The downstream portion 668 of the turbine outlet passage 664 may be described as a duct passage.

[0370] Fig.15 The turbine 656 is similar to Fig.13 The turbine 503 and Fig.14 The turbine 603 is described above, at least because at least a portion of the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage (eg, the diffuser) is not defined by the turbine housing.

[0371] Turbine distribution system 652 and Fig.13 The turbine distribution system 502 and Fig.14 The turbine distribution system 602 in FIG. 6 is different in that the conduit 658 does not include a bend (e.g., Fig.13 as shown) or bent (for example, as Fig.14 Instead, the flow axis 670 remains coaxial with the turbine wheel axis 672.

[0372] The cross-sectional area of ​​the downstream portion 668 of the turbine outlet passage 664 defined by the duct 658 increases linearly from the location where the duct 658 connects to the turbine housing 654 toward the downstream end of the duct 658. At the most downstream end of the duct 658 (indicated by reference numeral 674), the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage 664 defined by the duct 658 becomes constant (i.e., stops diverging).

[0373] The conduit 658 includes a flange 676 (e.g., a connection portion) at the downstream end 674 that allows additional downstream conduits to be easily connected to and / or installed to the conduit 658. Advantageously, different downstream conduits can be provided for different systems (e.g., having different space requirements) without modifying the turbine distribution system 652.

[0374] although Fig.13 , Fig.14 and Fig.15 606 and 658, but it will be understood that the conduits 506, 606, 658 may be interchangeably referred to as downpipes and / or downstream conduits. In general, the purpose of the conduit(s) is to facilitate the flow of exhaust gas (and aftertreatment fluid) to the downstream SCR catalyst ( Fig.13 , 14 or 15). The conduit may be referred to as a post-treatment fluid distribution conduit. Conduit 658 may be described as an upstream portion of a multi-piece conduit.

[0375] Fig.16 is an enlarged view of a portion of the surrounding structure of a dosing module mount 710, a dosing module 712, and a connection adapter 716 forming part of a turbine dosing system according to another embodiment.

[0376] The dispensing module mounting seat 710 can be formed Fig.13 and Fig.14 A portion of a conduit of the type shown, or may be formed as Fig.17 A portion of a one-piece turbine casing is shown.

[0377] return Fig.16 , the connection adapter 716 shares many common features with the connection adapters described previously herein. Similarly, the dispensing module mount 710 shares many common features with the dispensing module mounts described previously herein. However, the main difference is that the dispensing module mount 710 is not integral with the surrounding structure of the connection adapter 716. Instead, the dispensing module mount 710 is connected to the surrounding structure of the connection adapter 716 by a joining process (e.g., welding).

[0378] The dispensing module mounting seat 710 has a bottle cap-like structure. That is, the dispensing module mounting seat 710 is shaped like a hollow cylinder lacking one end face. Therefore, the dispensing module mounting seat 710 has an open end 728 and a substantially closed end 730. A hole 732 (which can be described as a second recess) extends from the open end 728 to the closed end 730. The hole 732 receives at least one dispensing end 734 of the dispensing module 712.

[0379] The connection adapter 716 includes a wall 718, which may also be described as a structure surrounding the distribution module mounting base 710 once installed. When the connection adapter 716 is installed as part of the turbine distribution system, the wall 718 defines at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage 720. The turbine outlet passage 720 is configured to receive exhaust gas from a turbine housing 722.

[0380] An opening 714 is defined in a wall 718 of the connection adapter 716. A portion of the dispensing module mount 710 is received through the opening 714. A locating ring 715 of the dispensing module mount 710 depends from the opening 714 and engages with the wall 718 to position the dispensing module mount 710 relative to the connection adapter 716. This interaction also positions the dispensing module 712 when the dispensing module 712 is received in the dispensing module mount 710. The dispensing module mount 710 may form an interference fit with the wall 718 of the connection adapter 716.

[0381] The closed end 730 includes an outlet opening 742. The outlet opening 742 defines a first recess 743. The first recess 743 is configured to receive the nozzle 713 of the dispensing module 712. The nozzle 713 of the dispensing module 712 defines an outlet 736 of the dispensing module 712. The first recess 743 has a minimum diameter that is substantially equal to the diameter of the nozzle 713 of the dispensing module 712. The outlet 736 of the dispensing module 712 is located within the first recess 743 of the dispensing module mount 710. In other words, the outlet 736 of the dispensing module 712 is at most flush with the closed end 730 of the dispensing module mount 710 (and may be recessed relative to the closed end 730).

[0382] The dispensing module 712 sprays the post-treatment fluid from the outlet 736 in a generally conical manner as a fine spray. Fig.15 The dosing module 712 defines a dosing module axis 740 that extends through the centroid (i.e., geometric center) of the outlet 736 of the dosing module 712. The outlet 736 of the dosing module 712, the outlet opening 742 of the dosing module mount 710, and the opening 714 in the connection adapter are all concentrically disposed about the dosing module center 740.

[0383] The closed end 730 of the dosing module mount 710 is disposed through the opening 714 of the wall 718. Thus, the closed end 730 extends into the turbine outlet passage 720. Thus, there is a direct fluid path from the outlet 736 of the dosing module 712 to the turbine outlet passage 720 (via the first recess 743). The dosing module 712 is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid directly into the exhaust gas flow in the turbine outlet passage 720.

[0384] The open end 728 of the dispensing module mount 710 defines a flange 744. The flange 744 extends radially outwardly around the periphery of the dispensing module mount 710 relative to the dispensing module axis 740. The flange 744 has an end face 745. The dispensing module 712 includes a dispensing module flange 746. The dispensing module flange 746 extends radially outwardly around the periphery of the dispensing module 712 relative to the dispensing module central axis 740. The flanges 744, 746 engage one another to position the dispensing module 712 within the dispensing module mount 710. Specifically, the (downward) end face 747 of the dispensing module flange 746 abuts against the (upward) end face 745 of the flange 744 of the dispensing module mount.

[0385] In order to fix the dispensing module 712 to the dispensing module mounting seat 710, a clamp 726 is used. The clamp 726 is a V-shaped band clamp. The clamp 726 holds the flange 744 of the dispensing module mounting seat 710 and the dispensing module flange 746 in engagement with each other. The clamp 726 is tightened by an adjustable screw 748. The clamp 726 extends around the dispensing module axis 712. The U-shaped body 727 of the clamp 726 pushes the flanges 744, 746 toward each other. It will be understood that in the method of installing the dispensing module 712, before the clamp 726 is fixed, the dispensing module 712 is pushed into engagement with the dispensing module mounting seat 710. Specifically, the flange 474 abuts against the flange 745 to align the dispensing module 712 with the dispensing module mounting seat 710.

[0386] Fig.17 is a perspective view of a turbocharger 800 incorporating a turbine dosing system 801 according to another embodiment.

[0387] The turbocharger 800 includes a turbine distribution system 801 (including a turbine housing 802 ) and a compressor 803 (including a compressor housing 804 ). The turbine housing 802 and the compressor housing 804 are connected to each other via a bearing housing 805 .

[0388] The turbine housing 802 is a unitary turbine housing, meaning that the turbine housing 802 is formed as a single unitary structure (ie, not a combination of a turbine housing and a connection adapter, such as Figure 4 806, the impeller chamber 808, and the turbine outlet passage 810 are each defined by the turbine housing 802. Thus, the turbine housing 802 may be cast as a single unitary structure. For corrosion resistance reasons, the turbine housing 802 may be cast from stainless steel. The turbine housing 802 may include a stainless steel lining, for example, at the primary impact zone (e.g., where the spray 822 impacts the opposing surface) and / or at the joint line with downstream components.

[0389] The turbine outlet passage 810 is defined by a wall 812 of the turbine housing 802. The cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine outlet passage 810 increases along the flow axis 807 from an upstream end near the turbine wheel chamber 808 to a downstream end along the diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage 810. Thus, the turbine housing 802 defines a diffuser. As the exhaust gas flows through the turbine outlet passage 810, the velocity of the exhaust gas is reduced and the total static pressure is increased due to the diverging turbine outlet passage 810. The turbine outlet passage 810 may also be described as a turbine housing outlet passage.

[0390] The turbine housing 802 also includes a dosing module mount 814. The dosing module mount 814 is integral with the structure of the turbine housing 802 that defines the turbine outlet passage 810 (e.g., wall 812). The dosing module mount 814 receives a dosing module 816, and the dosing module 816 is configured to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage 810.

[0391] The dosing module 816 is a self-atomizing dosing module, meaning that the dosing module is configured to inject the post-treatment fluid as a fine spray from an outlet (not visible) of the dosing module 816. The spray cone (of the post-treatment fluid) is Fig.16 Schematically shown and labeled 822. Dosing module 816 injects atomized after-treatment fluid into the bulk exhaust flow in turbine outlet passage 810 through openings (not visible) in wall 812. Dosing module 816 can be described as being mounted within turbine housing 802. Dosing module 816 preferably injects after-treatment fluid into a diverging portion of turbine outlet passage 810.

[0392] By forming the turbine housing 802 and the dosing module mounting seat 814 as a single integrated structure, the dosing module 816 (in particular, its outlet) can be placed closer to the turbine impeller (but still downstream of the turbine impeller to reduce the risk of any corrosive aftertreatment fluid impacting the turbine impeller, as well as to avoid rotational imbalance of the turbine impeller and radial load reduction of the turbine shaft bearings). As a result, the aftertreatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust flow with relatively high turbulent kinetic energy, which promotes uniform mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust gas. The risk of the aftertreatment fluid impacting the relative surfaces of the turbine housing 802 and the associated accumulation of solid deposits (with inherent corrosion risks) is thereby reduced. In addition, there is no joint between the structure in which the dosing module mounting seat 814 is provided and the structure defining the impeller chamber. The risk of leakage and / or deposit accumulation at the joint is thus eliminated.

[0393] Fig.18is an image showing the variation of turbulent kinetic energy of exhaust gas downstream of a turbine wheel, the image being obtained from a CFD simulation of a turbine metering system 901 according to another embodiment. Fig.19 is an image showing the variation of the exhaust gas of the same turbine distribution system 901 .

[0394] The turbine dosing system 901 includes a turbine housing 902 and a turbine wheel 904 (configured to rotate about a turbine wheel axis 906 ). Fig.18 The inducer diameter 916 of the turbine wheel 904 is indicated.

[0395] Downstream of the turbine wheel 904, the turbine housing 902 defines a portion of a turbine outlet passage 908. The turbine outlet passage 908 defines a flow axis 910. The flow axis 910 is initially aligned with the turbine wheel axis 906, wherein the turbine outlet passage 908 is generally axial. However, when the turbine outlet passage 908 includes a bend 912, the flow axis 910 deviates from the turbine wheel axis 906 in order to follow the bend 912 of the turbine outlet passage 908.

[0396] Fig.18 It is shown how there is a high turbulent kinetic energy region within the turbine outlet passage 908. This region begins at about 0.5 times the outlet guide diameter along the flow axis 910 (e.g., the most downstream point from the turbine impeller 904), as indicated by arrow 918. Almost all of the exhaust flow in the turbine outlet passage 908 has a high level of turbulent kinetic energy until about four times the outlet guide diameter from the turbine impeller 904 measured along the flow axis 910, as indicated by arrow 920. The turbulent kinetic energy of the exhaust flow downstream of the bend 912 in the turbine outlet passage 908 is significantly reduced. At about six times the outlet guide diameter from the turbine impeller 904, about half of the exhaust flow has high turbulent kinetic energy. Until about nine times the outlet guide diameter, the turbulent kinetic energy of the exhaust flow has dropped to a medium-high level.

[0397] Openings 924 are shown in the wall of turbine housing 902 so that aftertreatment fluid may be injected through a dosing module (not shown) into regions of the exhaust flow having relatively high turbulent kinetic energy.

[0398] from Fig.18 It will be appreciated why the position of the dosing module relative to the downstream end of the turbine wheel 904 has a significant effect on the level of at least turbulent kinetic energy in the exhaust flow at that location (and therefore also on the level of mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust gas).

[0399] Go to Fig.19 , provides an image showing the change in the velocity of the exhaust gas flow in the turbine distribution system 901. Fig.19 and Fig.18 In comparison (both are drawn to the same scale), it can be seen that in the region where the exhaust has the highest turbulent kinetic energy, the velocity is relatively low due to the presence of turbulent vortices (eddies) indicated by arrows 930. Turbulent vortices 930 promote mixing of the injected aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust so that the aftertreatment fluid is evenly distributed in the exhaust.

[0400] When the turbine outlet passage 908 includes a bend 912, it may be beneficial to inject the aftertreatment fluid upstream of the bend 912 (e.g., to position the dosing module upstream of the bend). Fig.18 and 19 As shown, downstream of the bend 912 in the turbine outlet passage 908 , the energy of the exhaust flow is dissipated and the velocity is reduced.

[0401] It has been found to be advantageous to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the turbine outlet passage 908 of the turbine impeller 904 at a distance in the range of up to about 10 outlet guide diameters, preferably in the range of about 2 to about 5 outlet guide diameters, from the most downstream point of the turbine impeller 904 as measured along the flow axis 910, as this helps to improve mixing.

[0402] It can also be seen that upstream of the bend 912, near the wall surface 929 defining the turbine outlet passage 908, there is an exhaust region 931 with a "medium" velocity. This medium velocity exhaust flow region 931 helps prevent the formation of deposits on the wall surface 929. This is at least in part due to the shear force generated by the exhaust in the region 931 at the wall surface 929, which prevents the aftertreatment fluid from settling thereon. The medium velocity exhaust region 931 also heats the wall surface 929 (through a convection heating process), which in turn promotes the evaporation of the aftertreatment fluid. However, it can be seen that this medium velocity exhaust region 931 near the wall surface 929 dissipates downstream of the bend 912 (e.g., the exhaust velocity near the wall surface decreases downstream of the bend 912). For the above reasons, it is desirable to inject the aftertreatment fluid into the turbine outlet passage 908 upstream of the bend 912.

[0403] The aftertreatment fluid may be injected into the turbine outlet passage 908 downstream of the turbine wheel 904 at least about 0.5 times the outlet inducer diameter of the turbine wheel 904. Typically, the aftertreatment fluid is not injected more than about 10 times the outlet inducer diameter downstream of the turbine wheel 904, preferably is not injected more than about 5 times the outlet inducer diameter downstream of the turbine wheel 904, and is preferably injected upstream of the (first) bend 912. Fig.18 and Fig.194 exit guide diameters are indicated along flow axis 910. Injecting the aftertreatment fluid in the above-mentioned area (and positioning the distribution module and distribution module mount in the same area) allows the high-energy exhaust gas to be utilized before viscous effects (e.g., friction between the wall and the exhaust) and heat transfer dissipate the exhaust flow energy and cause the temperature and velocity of the exhaust flow to drop (with an associated reduction in mixing efficiency).

[0404] Figure 20 to Figure 23 Another embodiment of a turbine dosing system 7000 is shown. The turbine dosing system 7000 includes a turbine housing 7002, a turbine wheel (not shown), a wastegate device 7004, a connection adapter 7006, a dosing module 7008, and a NOx sensor 7010 (see FIG. Fig.21 and 23 ). The combination of the turbine housing 7002 and the connection adapter 7006 defines a turbine housing assembly 7001.

[0405] The turbine housing 7002 defines a pair of inlet volutes 7012 (which may be referred to as turbine inlet passages) and a turbine wheel chamber 7014. In other embodiments, the turbine housing 7002 may define a single inlet volute (which may be referred to as a turbine inlet passage). Although the turbine wheel is not shown, it will be understood that during use, the turbine wheel is located within the turbine wheel chamber 7014, wherein the turbine wheel is supported by a shaft (not shown) for rotation about a turbine axis 7015 relative to the turbine housing 7002. Exhaust gas received from an internal combustion engine (not shown) is delivered to the turbine wheel chamber 7014 through the inlet volute 7012, and the momentum of the exhaust gas then strikes the blades of the turbine wheel to generate rotation of the turbine wheel and the shaft.

[0406] The connection adapter 7006 is connected to the turbine housing 7002 so that the turbine housing 7002 and the connection adapter 7006 together define a portion of the turbine outlet passage 7016. The connection adapter 7006 is connected to the turbine housing 7002 by a plurality of fasteners (one of which is indicated as 7041 in FIG. 59 ), but may also be connected by a clamp or other connection mechanism. Thus, the first connection portion and / or the second connection portion (where appropriate) may include a flange having one or more holes. The turbine outlet passage 7016 receives exhaust gas from the turbine impeller chamber 7014 that flows through the turbine impeller. The turbine outlet passage 7016 includes a first, upstream portion 7018 that extends axially relative to the turbine axis 7015 along a first portion 7021a of the flow axis 7021. The turbine outlet passage also includes a second, downstream portion 7020 that extends along a second portion 7021b of the flow axis 7021. The second portion 7020 can be referred to as a connecting adapter channel. The second portion 7020 is generally angled relative to the first portion 7018 along the flow axis 7021. The angular difference between the first portion 7018 and the second portion 7020 (i.e., the angular difference between the first portion 7021a and the second portion 7021b of the flow axis 7021) is approximately 30°, but this can be varied to suit any particular packaging requirements. In some embodiments, the second portion 7020 of the turbine outlet channel 7016 can be completely axial relative to the first portion 7018 (and optionally, the turbine axis 7015) so that it does not contain any relatively angled portions. This can be described as a linearly extending turbine outlet channel or connecting adapter (e.g., see Figure 4 ).

[0407] A first portion 7018 of the turbine outlet passage 7016 is defined by the turbine housing 7002, while a second portion 7020 of the turbine outlet passage 7016 is defined by the connection adapter 7006. The second portion 7020 of the turbine outlet passage 7016 receives exhaust gas from the first portion 7018. The first portion 7018 includes a first diffuser portion 7022, while the second portion 7020 includes a second diffuser portion 7024. The first diffuser portion 7022 and the second diffuser portion 7024 are regions of the turbine housing 7002 and the connection adapter 7006, respectively, wherein the flow area (i.e., the cross-sectional area relative to the flow direction) of the turbine outlet passage 7016 increases with the distance from the turbine impeller. Therefore, both the turbine housing 7002 and the connection adapter 2006 can be described as defining at least a portion or all of a diffuser of a turbine housing assembly (e.g., a turbine including the turbine housing and the connection adapter).

[0408] The wastegate device 7004 includes a wastegate passage 7026 extending between the turbine inlet volute 7012 and the turbine outlet passage 7016. The wastegate device 7004 also includes a pair of wastegates 7028, which cover respective valve openings (not shown) to selectively allow or prevent the flow of exhaust gas through the wastegate passage 7026. The valve opening is individually connected to each of the inlet volute 7012 (e.g., the turbine inlet passage). The wastegate valve 7028 is mounted to a common actuator (not shown) and is controlled in unison. However, in alternative embodiments, the valves can be individually controlled. The valve openings are generally the same size, however, in alternative embodiments, the valve openings can be asymmetric. In addition, a single valve head can be used instead of a pair of valves 7028 to operate the valve opening. During use, when the wastegate 7028 is open, exhaust gas from the inlet volute 7012 bypasses the turbine outlet passage 7016 through the wastegate passage 7026 rather than passing through the turbine wheel chamber 7014 and through the turbine wheel.

[0409] The wastegate passage 7026 is defined in part by the connection adapter 7006. Specifically, the wastegate passage 7026 joins the turbine outlet passage 7016 at a wastegate passage outlet 7030. The wastegate passage outlet 7030 is defined in a sidewall 7035 of the connection adapter 7006 and is located approximately at the vertex of the angular bend defined between the first portion 7018 and the second portion 7020 of the turbine outlet passage 7016 (i.e., approximately at the point where the first portion 7021a and the second portion 7021b of the flow axis 7021 intersect). The wastegate passage 7026 defines a wastegate flow axis 7032 at the wastegate passage outlet 7030. The wastegate flow axis 7032 defines the direction in which exhaust gas flows out of the wastegate passage 7026 and joins the turbine outlet passage 7016. In this embodiment, the wastegate flow axis 7032 is at an angle of approximately 45° relative to the first portion 7021a of the flow axis 7021 (or the turbine wheel axis 7015). However, in alternative embodiments, substantially any angle may be used. In the illustrated embodiment, the wastegate flow axis 7032 is angled with respect to the downstream direction. As shown in FIG. 58 , in this embodiment, the wastegate passage outlet 7030 has a ratio of Figure 4 The rectangular wastegate passage outlet 138 is shown to have a more square geometry.

[0410] The connection adapter 7006 includes a mounting base 7034 for the dispensing module 7008 (see Fig. 22). The mounting seat 7034 defines an opening 7036, and the nozzle 7038 of the distribution module 7008 is concentrically aligned with (although recessed relative to) the opening 7036. The nozzle 7038 is positioned so that it is radially outwardly located outside the side wall 7035 of the connection adapter 7006. However, in other embodiments, the nozzle 7038 can be substantially aligned with (e.g., flush with) the side wall of the connection adapter 7006. The opening 7036 is located within the second diffuser portion 7024. The nozzle 7038 is configured to produce a spray of the aftertreatment fluid that is directed into the turbine outlet passage 7016 along a spray axis 7040 (which may be otherwise referred to as a distribution module axis). The spray axis 7040 is inclined in a downstream direction relative to the second portion 7021b of the flow axis 7021. In the illustrated embodiment, the angle 7041 is approximately 7° relative to the orthogonal direction of the second portion 7021b of the flow axis 7021. However, in other embodiments, the spray axis 7040 may be inclined at a different angle to the axis 7021 (e.g., orthogonal, or inclined in an upstream direction). The spray of the post-treatment fluid defines a spray region (e.g., a spray cone) 7042, which exists in Fig. 20 and Fig. 22 A main impact zone 7043 is defined on the surface of the side wall 7035 opposite to the surface of the distribution module mounting seat 7034 (eg, defined by the spray area 7042).

[0411] return Fig. 20 , for the mounting base 7034 of the dispensing module 7008 (in Fig. 20 Not marked in Fig. 22 7028) and opening 7036 are located on a side of turbine outlet passage 7016 substantially opposite to wastegate passage outlet 7030. In addition, mounting seat 7034 and opening 7036 for dosing module 7008 are located downstream of wastegate passage outlet 7030. The position of wastegate passage outlet 7030 relative to spray area 7042 and the angle of wastegate flow axis 7032 relative to spray area 7042 are such that during use, when wastegate 7028 is open, exhaust gas that has passed through wastegate passage 7026 is directed into spray area 7042 so that it exchanges fluid momentum with the injected aftertreatment fluid.

[0412] The mounting seat 7034 and the opening 7036 for the dosing module 7008 are positioned within the connection adapter 7006 and / or form a part of the connection adapter 7006. However, in alternative embodiments, the mounting seat 7034 and the opening 7036 for the dosing module 7008 can be positioned within the turbine housing 7002 and / or form a part of the turbine housing 7002. Because the mounting seat 7034 and the opening 7036 for the dosing module 7008 are positioned within the connection adapter 7006 or the turbine housing 7002, this means that the dosing module 7008 is positioned close to the turbine impeller. Therefore, this means that the injected aftertreatment fluid can take advantage of the high exhaust gas temperature that facilitates evaporation and decomposition. In this regard, the mount 7034, opening 7036, and distribution module 7008 are preferably positioned downstream of the turbine wheel within a distance of no more than about 10 turbine wheel inducer diameters (preferably, no more than about 5 inducer diameters, and more preferably, no more than about 3 inducer diameters). In this context, the turbine wheel inducer diameter is the diameter of the inducer portion of the turbine wheel that is approximately equal to the diameter of the narrowest portion of the first diffuser portion 7022. For completeness, Figure 4 The outlet inducer diameter 176 is also schematically indicated in FIG. 7034. In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting seat 7034, the opening 7036, and the distribution module 7008 are positioned at a distance of about 3.3 outlet inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel chamber (and the impeller). This distance is schematically indicated by the construction line 7023.

[0413] The connection adapter 7006 includes a sensor conduit 7044 (which may be referred to as an exhaust groove). The sensor conduit 7044 includes: a sensor conduit inlet 7046, which is configured to receive an aliquot of exhaust gas from the turbine outlet passage 7016, and a sensor conduit outlet 7048, which is configured to reintroduce the exhaust gas from the sensor conduit 7044 to the turbine outlet passage 7016. The flow area defined by the sensor conduit 7044 is larger than the size of the sensor conduit inlet 7046. Therefore, the sensor conduit 7044 is used to decelerate the exhaust gas passing therethrough. The sensor conduit 7044 includes a mounting seat 7050 (see Fig.23 ), the mount 7050 is configured to receive the NOx sensor 7010. The NOx sensor 7010 includes a sensing tip 7052 that extends into the interior of the sensor conduit 7044. Because the geometry of the sensing conduit 7044 decelerates the exhaust gas passing therethrough, the sensing tip 7052 is exposed to the low velocity exhaust gas, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the sensing tip 7052 and improving the accuracy of the sensor readings.

[0414] refer to Fig. 20, the sensor conduit inlet 7046 is positioned upstream of the opening 7036 of the dosing module 7008. In other words, the main impact zone 7043 does not overlap with the sensor conduit inlet 7046. Therefore, the risk of aftertreatment fluid entering the sensor conduit 7044 and adversely affecting the readings obtained by the NOx sensor 7010 is eliminated. The sensor conduit 7044 is part of the second diffuser section 7024. However, in alternative embodiments, the sensor conduit 7044 can be part of the first diffuser section 7022.

[0415] and Figure 20 to Figure 23 Various aspects described and illustrated in connection with the embodiment shown in , such as the first portion 7018 and the second portion 7020 of the turbine outlet passage 7016 being angled relative to each other, may be incorporated into any other embodiment described herein.

[0416] The turbine distribution system 7000 embodies various aspects of the present invention, including but not limited to:

[0417] a) the first to fourth aspects of the present invention;

[0418] b) the sixth aspect of the present invention; and

[0419] c) The eighth and ninth aspects of the present invention.

[0420] Fig.24 Another embodiment of a turbine dosing system 8000 is shown. The turbine dosing system 8000 includes a turbine housing 8002, a turbine impeller (not shown), a variable geometry mechanism (not shown), a connection adapter 8006, a dosing module 8008 (e.g., Fig.25 and Fig.26 shown) and NOx sensor 8010.

[0421] In contrast to many of the previous embodiments, turbine dosing system 8000 does not include a wastegate device. Instead, a variable geometry mechanism (as described above, not shown) is used to control the RPM of the turbine wheel.

[0422] The turbine housing 8002 defines an inlet volute 8012 (which may be referred to as a turbine inlet passage) and a turbine wheel chamber 8014. In other embodiments, the turbine housing 8002 may define more than one inlet volute 8012. Although a turbine wheel is not shown, it will be understood that during use, the turbine wheel is located within the turbine wheel chamber 8014, wherein the turbine wheel is supported by a shaft (not shown) for rotation about a turbine axis 8015 relative to the turbine housing 8002. Exhaust gas received from an internal combustion engine (not shown) is delivered to the turbine wheel chamber 8014 via the inlet volute 8012, and the momentum of the exhaust gas subsequently strikes the blades of the turbine wheel to produce rotation of the turbine wheel and the shaft.

[0423] The connection adapter 8006 is connected to the turbine housing 8002 so that the turbine housing 8002 and the connection adapter 8006 together define a portion of the turbine outlet passage 8016. The connection adapter 8006 is connected to the turbine housing 8002 by a clamp 8041, but can also be connected by a plurality of fasteners or other connection mechanisms. The clamp 8041 draws a first connection portion (e.g., flange) 8007 of the connection adapter 8006 into engagement with a first connection portion (e.g., flange) 8003 of the turbine housing 8002. The turbine outlet passage 8016 defines a flow axis 8017 that extends from the downstream end of the turbine wheel chamber 8014. The turbine outlet passage 8016 receives exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber 8014 that flows through the turbine wheel. The turbine outlet passage 8016 includes a first portion 8018 defined by the turbine housing 8002 and a second portion 8020 defined by the connection adapter 8006 (which may be referred to as a connection adapter passage). The second portion 8020 of the turbine outlet passage 8016 receives exhaust gas from the first portion 8018. In other words, the second portion 8020 is located downstream of the first portion 8018. The first portion 8018 includes a first diffuser portion 8022, while the second portion 8020 includes a second diffuser portion 8024. The first diffuser portion 8022 and the second diffuser portion 8024 are regions of the turbine housing 8002 and the connection adapter 8006, respectively, wherein the flow area (i.e., the cross-sectional area relative to the flow direction) of the turbine outlet passage 8016 increases with the distance from the turbine impeller. The first diffuser portion 8022 and the second diffuser portion 8024 are substantially continuous with one another so as to define a single continuous diffuser (of the entire turbine casing assembly 8001 defined by the combination of the turbine casing 8002 and the connection adapter 8006 ).

[0424] refer to Fig.25 and Fig.26, the connection adapter 8006 includes a mounting seat 8034 (which may be referred to as a distribution module mounting seat) for the distribution module 8008. The mounting seat 8034 defines an opening 8036, and the nozzle 8038 of the distribution module 8008 is concentrically aligned with (although recessed relative to) the opening 8036. The nozzle 8038 is positioned so that it is radially outwardly located outside the side wall 8035 of the connection adapter 8006. However, in other embodiments, the nozzle 8038 can be substantially aligned with (e.g., flush with) the side wall 8035 of the connection adapter 8006. The opening 8036 is positioned within the second diffuser portion 8024. The nozzle 8038 is configured to generate a spray of the aftertreatment fluid that is directed into the turbine outlet passage 8016 along a spray axis 8040 (which may be referred to as a distribution module axis). In the illustrated embodiment, the spray axis 8040 is inclined in a downstream direction relative to the flow axis 8017. In the illustrated embodiment, angle 8041 is about 7° relative to the orthogonal direction of flow axis 8017. However, in other embodiments, spray axis 8040 may be inclined at a different angle to flow axis 8017 (e.g., orthogonal, or angled in the upstream direction). The spray of post-treatment fluid defines a spray area (e.g., spray cone) 8042, Fig.25 and Fig.26 The presence of the spray region is schematically illustrated in dashed lines in FIG. The mounting seat 8034 and the opening 8036 for the dosing module 8008 are positioned within the connection adapter 8006. However, in alternative embodiments, the mounting seat 8034 and the opening 8036 for the dosing module 8008 may be positioned within the turbine housing 8002. The main impact zone 8043 is defined on the surface of the side wall 8035 opposite the surface of the dosing module mounting seat 8034 (e.g., defined by the spray region 8042).

[0425] Since the mounting seat 8034 and the opening 8036 for the dosing module 8008 are positioned within the connection adapter 8006 or the turbine housing 8002, this means that the dosing module 8008 is positioned close to the turbine impeller. Therefore, this means that the injected aftertreatment fluid can take advantage of the high exhaust temperatures that facilitate evaporation and decomposition. In this regard, the mounting seat 8034, the opening 8036 and the dosing module 8008 are preferably positioned within a distance of no more than about 10 turbine impeller outlet guide diameters (preferably, no more than about 5 outlet guide diameters, and more preferably, no more than about 3 outlet guide diameters) downstream of the turbine impeller. In this context, the turbine impeller outlet guide diameter is the diameter of the outlet guide portion of the turbine impeller, which is approximately equal to the diameter of the narrowest portion of the first diffuser portion 8022. For completeness, Figure 4The outlet inducer diameter 176 is also schematically indicated in the figure. In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting seat 8034, opening 8036 and distribution module 8008 are positioned within approximately 1.7 outlet inducer diameters of the downstream end of the turbine impeller and turbine impeller chamber 8014. In other embodiments, the mounting seat 8034, opening 8036 and distribution module 8008 can be positioned anywhere up to approximately 2 outlet inducer diameters of the downstream end of the turbine impeller and turbine impeller chamber 8014, and are preferably located within at least 1 outlet inducer diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller and turbine impeller chamber 8014. For completeness, the downstream end of the turbine impeller and turbine impeller chamber 8014 is located within Fig.26 8019. A length along flow axis 8017 of approximately 1.7 outlet guide diameters is represented by construction line 8021.

[0426] The connection adapter 8006 includes a sensor conduit 8044 (which may be referred to as an exhaust channel) having: a sensor conduit inlet 8046 (see Fig.24 ), which is configured to receive a sample of the exhaust gas from the turbine outlet passage 8016; and a sensor conduit outlet 8048, which is configured to reintroduce the exhaust gas from the sensor conduit 8044 to the turbine outlet passage 8016. The flow area defined by the sensor conduit 8044 is larger than the size of the sensor conduit inlet 8046. Therefore, the sensor conduit 8044 is used to decelerate the exhaust gas passing therethrough. The sensor conduit includes a mounting seat 8050, which is configured to receive the NOx sensor 8010. The NOx sensor 8010 includes a sensing end 8052 that extends into the interior of the sensor conduit 8044. Because the geometry of the sensing conduit 8044 decelerates the exhaust gas passing therethrough, the sensing end 8052 is exposed to low-velocity exhaust gas, thereby reducing the risk of damaging the sensing end 8052 and improving the accuracy of the sensor readings.

[0427] refer to Fig.25 and Fig.26 , the sensor conduit inlet 8046 is positioned upstream of the opening 8036 for the dosing module 8008. In other words, the main impact zone 8043 does not overlap with the sensor conduit inlet 8046. Therefore, the risk of aftertreatment fluid entering the sensor conduit 8044 and adversely affecting the readings taken by the NOx sensor 8010 is eliminated. The sensor conduit 8044 is part of the second diffuser section 8024. However, in alternative embodiments, the sensor conduit 8044 can be part of the first diffuser section 8022. For completeness, Fig.26 is a cross-sectional side view taken through the dosing module 8008.

[0428] and Figure 24 to Figure 26Various aspects described and illustrated in connection with the embodiment shown in , such as the use of a variable geometry mechanism and the omission of a wastegate, may be incorporated into any other embodiment described herein (where appropriate).

[0429] The turbine distribution system 8000 embodies various aspects of the present invention, including but not limited to:

[0430] a) the first to fourth aspects of the present invention;

[0431] b) the sixth aspect of the present invention; and

[0432] c) The eighth and ninth aspects of the present invention.

[0433] The embodiments described in this application provide many advantages, including: 1) improving mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust flow; 2) reducing deposits / buildup at surfaces typically opposite the outlet of the dosing module (due to poor mixing of the aftertreatment fluid with the exhaust); 3) improving packaging of the dosing module / mount; and 4) reducing unnecessary system backpressure.

[0434] The described and illustrated embodiments should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and it will be understood that only preferred embodiments have been shown and described, and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims are expected to be protected. With respect to the claims, when words such as "one", "an", "at least one", or "at least one portion" are used to define features, it is not intended to limit the claim to only one such feature unless the contrary is explicitly stated in the claim. When language such as "at least a portion" and / or "a portion" is used, the item may include a portion and / or the entire item unless the contrary is explicitly stated.

[0435] The optional and / or preferred features described herein may be used alone or in combination with each other where appropriate, particularly in combination as described in the accompanying claims. The optional and / or preferred features of each aspect of the invention described herein may also be applicable to any other aspect of the invention where appropriate.

Claims

1. A turbine metering system for a turbocharger, the turbine metering system comprising: a turbine inlet passage configured to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine; a turbine wheel chamber configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber housing a turbine wheel supported for rotation about a turbine wheel axis, the turbine wheel including an outlet inducer defining an outlet inducer diameter; as well as a turbine outlet passage located downstream of the turbine wheel chamber and configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber, the turbine outlet passage being at least partially defined by structure including a distribution module mount configured to receive a distribution module, the turbine outlet passage defining a flow axis extending from a downstream end of the turbine wheel; The distribution module mounting seat is located within a range of about 10 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis. 2 . The turbine dosing system of claim 1 , further comprising a dosing module mounted to the dosing module mount and configured to inject aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage via an outlet of the dosing module.

3. The turbine distribution system according to claim 2, wherein: The dispensing module mount includes an engagement surface; and Wherein the dosing module engages the engagement surface.

4. A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim, wherein: The dispensing module mounting seat includes a boss.

5. A turbine dosing system according to claim 4 when dependent on claim 3, wherein: The boss includes a flange, and wherein a face of the flange defines the engagement surface.

6. A turbine distribution system according to claim 2 or any claim directly or indirectly dependent thereon, wherein: The structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage includes an opening; and The dosing module is configured to inject a post-treatment fluid through the opening.

7. A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim, wherein: The distribution module mount is located within about 5 inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

8. A turbine dosing system according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 7 when directly or indirectly dependent on claim 2, wherein: The dispensing module mounting seat includes a first recess; and Wherein, at least a portion of the dispensing module is arranged in the first recess.

9. A turbine dosing system according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 8 when directly or indirectly dependent on claim 2, wherein: The outlet is substantially flush with an inner surface of the structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

10. A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim, wherein: The turbine outlet passage is at least partially divergent.

11. The turbine distribution system of claim 10, wherein: The distribution module mount is disposed in a diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage.

12. A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim, wherein: The distribution module mount is integral with the structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

13. A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim, wherein: An integral turbine housing defines the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber, and the turbine outlet passage, the integral turbine housing including the metering module mount.

14. The turbine distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a turbine housing assembly, the turbine housing assembly comprising: a turbine housing defining the turbine inlet passage and the turbine wheel chamber; as well as A connection adapter is connected to the turbine housing and at least partially defines the turbine outlet passage.

15. The turbine distribution system of claim 14, wherein: The connection adapter includes the dispensing module mounting seat.

16. A turbine distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising a turbine housing element, and further comprising a conduit connected to a downstream end of the turbine housing element, the conduit defining at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage and comprising the distribution module mounting seat.

17. The turbine distribution system of claim 16, wherein: The flow axis passing through the duct comprises a bend, and wherein the dosing module mounting seat is located upstream of the bend in the flow axis.

18. A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim, further comprising an exhaust gas sensor.

19. A turbocharger comprising: a compressor, the compressor comprising a compressor housing and a compressor impeller; a bearing housing configured to support the shaft for rotation about an axis; as well as A turbine dosing system according to any preceding claim; Therein, the compressor impeller and the turbine impeller are connected to the shaft in a manner that is in power communication with each other.

20. An engine device, comprising: engine; as well as The turbocharger according to claim 19; Wherein, the turbocharger is configured to receive exhaust gas from the engine.

21. An integral turbine housing for a turbine distribution system, the turbine housing comprising: a turbine inlet passage configured to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine; a turbine wheel chamber configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber configured to receive a turbine wheel; a turbine housing outlet passage located downstream of and in fluid communication with the turbine wheel chamber; as well as A distribution module mounting seat, the distribution module mounting seat is located downstream of the turbine impeller chamber, the distribution module mounting seat is configured to receive a distribution module, the distribution module mounting seat is connected to the turbine housing outlet passage through an opening defined in the turbine housing, and the after-treatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas in the turbine housing outlet passage through the opening.

22. A connection adapter for dispensing an aftertreatment fluid to a turbine housing assembly, the connection adapter comprising: a first connection portion located at a first end of the connection adapter, the first connection portion being configured to engage a turbine housing; a second connection portion located at a second end of the connection adapter, the second connection portion being configured to engage a downstream conduit; A structure extends between the first end and the second end of the connection adapter and defines a connection adapter channel, the connection adapter channel is configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine housing, the structure includes a distribution module mounting seat, the distribution module mounting seat is configured to receive a distribution module, the distribution module mounting seat is connected to the connection adapter channel through an opening defined in the structure, and the after-treatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas in the connection adapter channel through the opening.

23. An aftertreatment fluid distribution conduit for a turbine distribution system, the conduit comprising: a first connection portion located at a first end of the conduit, the first connection portion configured to engage a turbine housing element; A structure extending from the first end of the conduit and defining a conduit passage, the conduit passage being configured to receive exhaust gas from the turbine housing element, the structure including a distribution module mounting seat, the distribution module mounting seat being configured to receive a distribution module, the distribution module mounting seat being connected to the conduit passage through an opening defined in the structure, and aftertreatment fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas in the conduit passage through the opening.

24. A method of assembling a turbine distribution system according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 17 when directly or indirectly dependent on claim 2, the method comprising: engaging the dispensing module with the dispensing module mounting seat; and The dispensing module is secured to the dispensing module mounting seat.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein: Securing the dispensing module to the dispensing module mount includes placing a clamp around flanges of the dispensing module and the dispensing module mount and tightening the clamp.

26. A method of operating a turbine metering system for a turbocharger, comprising: receiving exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine into a turbine inlet passage; receiving exhaust gas from the turbine inlet passage into a turbine wheel chamber, the turbine wheel chamber housing a turbine wheel supported for rotation about a turbine wheel axis, the turbine wheel including an outlet inducer defining an outlet inducer diameter; as well as receiving exhaust gas from the turbine wheel chamber into a turbine outlet passage downstream of the turbine wheel chamber, the turbine outlet passage being at least partially defined by structure including a distribution module mount configured to receive a distribution module, the turbine outlet passage defining a flow axis extending from a downstream end of the turbine wheel; The distribution module mounting seat is located within a range of about 10 times the outlet guide diameter downstream of the downstream end of the turbine impeller along the flow axis.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising mounting a dispensing module to the dispensing module mount, wherein: The dosing module mount injects aftertreatment fluid into the exhaust gas in the turbine outlet passage via an outlet of the dosing module.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein: The dispensing module mount includes an engagement surface; and Wherein the dosing module engages the engagement surface.

29. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein: The dispensing module mounting seat includes a boss.

30. A method according to claim 29 when dependent on claim 28, wherein The boss includes a flange, and wherein a face of the flange defines the engagement surface.

31. A method according to claim 27 or any one of claims 28 to 30 directly or indirectly dependent on claim 27, wherein: The structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage includes an opening; and The dosing module injects post-treatment fluid through the opening.

32. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein: The distribution module mount is located within about 5 inducer diameters downstream of the downstream end of the turbine wheel along the flow axis.

33. A method according to claim 27 or any one of claims 28 to 32 when directly or indirectly dependent on claim 27, wherein: The dispensing module mounting seat includes a first recess; and Wherein, at least a portion of the dispensing module is arranged in the first recess.

34. A method according to claim 27 or any one of claims 28 to 33 when directly or indirectly dependent on claim 27, wherein: The outlet is substantially flush with an inner surface of the structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

35. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 34, wherein: The turbine outlet passage is at least partially divergent.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein: The distribution module mount is disposed in a diverging portion of the turbine outlet passage.

37. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 36, wherein: The distribution module mount is integral with the structure at least partially defining the turbine outlet passage.

38. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 37, wherein: An integral turbine housing defines the turbine inlet passage, the turbine wheel chamber, and the turbine outlet passage, the integral turbine housing including the metering module mount.

39. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 37, wherein: The turbine distribution system further includes a turbine housing assembly, the turbine housing assembly comprising: a turbine housing defining the turbine inlet passage and the turbine wheel chamber; and A connection adapter is connected to the turbine housing and at least partially defines the turbine outlet passage.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein: The connection adapter includes the dispensing module mounting seat.

41. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 37, wherein: The turbine distribution system includes a turbine housing element and further includes a conduit connected to a downstream end of the turbine housing element, the conduit defining at least a portion of the turbine outlet passage and including the distribution module mount.

42. The method according to claim 41, wherein: The flow axis passing through the duct comprises a bend, and wherein the dosing module mounting seat is located upstream of the bend in the flow axis.

43. The method of any one of claims 26 to 42, further comprising sensing one or more characteristics of the exhaust gas using an exhaust gas sensor.

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