System and method for managing ammonia slip in aftertreatment system

Abstract

A system, method, and apparatus for reducing emissions are provided. The system may include an aftertreatment system having a catalyst and a controller coupled to the aftertreatment system. The controller is configured to: receive temperature data indicative of a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system; determining a temperature of the catalyst over a predetermined duration after the received temperature data based on temperature data regarding a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system; receiving reductant information regarding an estimate of a stored reductant in a portion of the aftertreatment system; determining that the received estimated reductant information about the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, the reductant threshold corresponding to a temperature of the catalyst; and for a predetermined duration, adjusting reductant storage in the aftertreatment system based on the received reductant information that meets the reductant threshold.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 402,203, filed on August 30, 2022, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING AMMONIA SLIP IN AFTER-TREATMENT SYSTEMS,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to managing ammonia slip in aftertreatment systems. Background Art

[0004] Exhaust aftertreatment systems may include various catalysts (e.g., selective catalytic reduction systems, diesel oxidation catalysts, etc.), and reductant dosing systems that introduce reductants (e.g., urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), ammonia solution, etc.) to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in the system, among other components or systems. With emission regulations expected to become more stringent in the coming years, it is necessary to effectively reduce emissions of certain exhaust gas constituents. Summary of the invention

[0005] In some aspects, the present invention relates to a system, method or apparatus for managing ammonia slip in an aftertreatment system. The system, method or apparatus may include an aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment system may include a catalyst. A controller may receive temperature data indicating a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system. The controller may determine the temperature of the catalyst after a predetermined duration after the received temperature data based on the temperature data about the temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system. The controller may receive estimated reductant information about a reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system. The controller may determine that the received estimated reductant information about the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, which corresponds to the temperature of the catalyst. The controller may adjust the reductant storage in the aftertreatment system based on the received reductant information satisfying the reductant threshold within a predetermined duration.

[0006] In some embodiments, the controller may determine a duration for a current temperature of the catalyst to reach a predicted temperature of the catalyst based on temperature data about a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system, the predicted temperature meeting a temperature threshold to adjust the reductant storage amount. The controller may adjust the reductant storage based on a reductant capacity of the catalyst associated with the predicted temperature over the duration, the reductant capacity corresponding to a maximum reductant amount or a minimum reductant amount.

[0007] In some embodiments, the controller may increase reductant storage based on the reductant information being less than a reductant threshold associated with catalyst temperature. In some embodiments, the controller may decrease reductant storage based on the reductant information being greater than a reductant threshold associated with catalyst temperature.

[0008] In some embodiments, to determine the temperature of the catalyst, the controller may determine, based on temperature data regarding a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system, a duration for the current temperature of the catalyst to reach a predicted temperature of the catalyst, the predicted temperature satisfying a temperature threshold to adjust the reductant storage. The controller may adjust the reductant storage based on the reductant capacity of the catalyst associated with the predicted temperature within the duration.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reductant capacity may correspond to a maximum amount of reductant to be adjusted within a duration. In some embodiments, the reductant capacity may correspond to a minimum amount of reductant to be adjusted within a duration. In some embodiments, to adjust the reductant storage, the controller may send a signal to the doser to increase, decrease, or maintain the reductant dosing level.

[0010] In some embodiments, to adjust the reductant storage, the controller may adjust the reductant storage in the aftertreatment system based on the received reductant information and the exhaust flow rate that satisfies the reductant threshold within a predetermined duration. In some embodiments, when the exhaust flow rate is less than a predetermined minimum threshold, the controller may maintain the reductant storage. In some embodiments, when the exhaust flow rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined maximum threshold, the controller may increase the reductant storage.

[0011] In some embodiments, the temperature of the catalyst may be a bed temperature of the catalyst. In some embodiments, the controller may receive degradation information of the catalyst. The controller may receive an indication of a storage capacity associated with the reductant storage based on the degradation information, wherein the reductant storage is adjusted based on the storage capacity.

[0012] In certain aspects, the present disclosure relates to a method. The method includes: receiving, by a controller coupled to an aftertreatment system including a catalyst, temperature data indicating a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system; determining, by the controller, a temperature of the catalyst after a predetermined duration of time following the received temperature data based on the temperature data regarding the temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system; receiving, by the controller, estimated reductant information regarding a reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system; determining, by the controller, that the received estimated reductant information regarding the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, the reductant threshold corresponding to the temperature of the catalyst; and adjusting, by the controller, reductant storage in the aftertreatment system for a predetermined duration of time based on the received reductant information satisfying the reductant threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, the temperature of the catalyst is determined, and the method may include determining, by the controller, based on temperature data regarding the temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system, the duration for the current temperature of the catalyst to reach a predicted temperature of the catalyst, the predicted temperature meeting a temperature threshold to adjust the reductant storage. The method may include, during the duration, by the controller, adjusting the reductant storage based on the reductant capacity of the catalyst associated with the predicted temperature. In some embodiments, the reductant capacity may correspond to a maximum amount of reductant to be adjusted during the duration. In some embodiments, the reductant capacity may correspond to a minimum amount of reductant to be adjusted during the duration. In some embodiments, the method may include increasing the reductant storage based on the reductant information being less than a reductant threshold associated with the catalyst temperature. In some embodiments, the method may include decreasing the reductant storage based on the reductant information being greater than or equal to a reductant threshold associated with the catalyst temperature.

[0014] In certain aspects, the present invention relates to a processing circuit for managing reductant leakage in an aftertreatment system. The processing circuit may include one or more processors and one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors. The one or more memory devices may store instructions executable by the one or more processors, which cause the one or more processors to: receive temperature data indicating a temperature near an inlet of an aftertreatment system; determine the temperature of a catalyst after a predetermined duration after the received temperature data based on the temperature data about the temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system; receive estimated reductant information about a reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system; determine that the received estimated reductant information about the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, which corresponds to the temperature of the catalyst; and within a predetermined duration, adjust the reductant storage in the aftertreatment system based on the received reductant information that satisfies the reductant threshold. In some embodiments, in order to adjust the reductant storage, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to: send a signal to a doser to increase, decrease, or maintain a dosing level of the reductant.

[0015] These and other features and their organization and mode of operation together will become apparent through the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of each embodiment of the subject matter of the present disclosure. The features described in the subject matter of the present disclosure can be combined in one or more embodiments and / or implementations in any suitable manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1is a schematic diagram of an engine exhaust aftertreatment system coupled to a controller according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0017] Figure 2 According to an exemplary embodiment Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the controller of the system.

[0018] Figure 3 is a series of graphs of time (x-axis) relative to ammonia (NH3) measurements at a particular aftertreatment system component outlet (top graph), time relative to temperature at an aftertreatment system component inlet (middle graph), and time relative to exhaust gas flow through the aftertreatment system (bottom graph) according to various exemplary embodiments.

[0019] Figure 4 is a graph depicting a correlation between a temperature of a catalyst and a reductant storage of the catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5 According to an exemplary embodiment, the use Figure 1 and Figure 2 Flow chart of a method for a controller in managing ammonia slip in an aftertreatment system.

[0021] Figure 6 According to an exemplary embodiment, the use Figure 1 and Figure 2 Flow chart of another method for a controller in managing ammonia slip in an aftertreatment system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Below is a more detailed description of various concepts and embodiments related to methods, apparatuses, and systems for predicting and controlling ammonia slip from an exhaust aftertreatment system. The various concepts introduced above and discussed in more detail below can be implemented in a variety of ways, as the concepts described are not limited to any particular implementation. Examples of specific embodiments and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0023] Referring generally to the drawings, various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatus, and methods for managing ammonia slip in an aftertreatment system. A key component in an aftertreatment system is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that utilizes a two-step process to reduce harmful NOx emissions present in the exhaust. First, a doser injects a reductant into the exhaust stream. This reductant can be urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), Urea water solution (UWS), aqueous urea solution (such as AUS32, etc.), or another similar fluid that chemically combines with particles in the exhaust gas. The reductant can be decomposed into ammonia (NH3) after injection. This mixture then passes through the SCR catalyst, and when a certain temperature is reached, a reaction is caused in the mixture to convert harmful NOx particles into pure nitrogen and water. In operation, undecomposed reductant and unreacted ammonia can be stored in the catalyst (such as the SCR catalyst). Ammonia that passes through the aftertreatment system and is discharged into the environment is called "ammonia slip". The catalyst may be able to store a certain amount of ammonia that may react with the exhaust gas in the future. However, due to changes in variables such as temperature, exhaust flow, NOx output or concentration, which may cause fluctuations / variations in ammonia storage capacity, the aftertreatment system may experience ammonia slip if the amount of ammonia exceeds the storage capacity. On the other hand, if the ammonia storage does not reach the required level (for example, the amount of ammonia stored in the catalyst converts NOx in the exhaust gas into less harmful emissions), the SCR system may experience NOx emissions above the predefined acceptable threshold. Therefore, there is a need to determine or predict the storage capacity of ammonia over time and adjust / correct / modify the ammonia stored in the catalyst (e.g., reductant storage or ammonia storage) based on the storage capacity to minimize or avoid ammonia slip exceeding a predefined acceptable threshold.

[0024] The systems and methods of the technical solutions discussed herein include a controller coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system, the exhaust aftertreatment system including a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system (which includes an SCR catalyst), a reductant dosing system configured to introduce or quantitatively inject a reductant into an exhaust flow, and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system (in some embodiments, the system does not include an EGR system), as well as potential other components, devices and / or systems. After a certain amount of reductant is introduced or quantitatively injected into the exhaust flow, the SCR system chemically reacts through the reaction of the SCR catalyst and the reductant to convert the NOx emissions of the engine into less harmful compounds (e.g., water and nitrogen, etc.). In addition, the reductant and its aspects (such as ammonia) can be stored in a catalyst (such as an SCR catalyst) to chemically react with the exhaust products of the engine (such as NOx, etc.). Regarding ammonia, the amount of ammonia stored in the catalyst fluctuates (e.g., increases and decreases) over time based on at least the amount / frequency of reductant injection, exhaust flow, NOx from the engine, etc. The catalyst includes a storage capacity, which indicates the maximum amount of ammonia that can be stored in or stored by the catalyst. When storage capacity is exceeded, excess ammonia may leak through the catalyst and be emitted into the environment. However, because the storage capacity (e.g., ammonia storage) of the catalyst varies based on at least the above variables, such as temperature, exhaust flow, the amount of NOx generated by the engine over time, etc., it can be challenging to determine changes in storage capacity and adjust the ammonia stored in the catalyst accordingly.

[0025] The systems and methods of the technical solutions discussed herein can optimize the dosing strategy of the reductant by determining or predicting a change in storage capacity and adjusting the amount of ammonia stored in the catalyst to influence the storage of ammonia, thereby minimizing or avoiding ammonia emissions exceeding a predefined acceptable threshold. For example, the system and method may include a controller (or control system) for managing ammonia storage. The controller determines an ammonia storage target (e.g., a desired level or amount of ammonia stored on / in the catalyst) based at least on a temperature upstream of the catalyst. Using information about the upstream temperature, the controller determines the temperature of the catalyst after a predetermined duration for determining the storage target. For example, based on exposing the catalyst at a current temperature to the upstream temperature, the controller can determine at least one rate of change of temperature (e.g., a rate of increase or rate of decrease) and a predicted temperature of the catalyst after a predetermined duration. The controller can determine the rate of temperature change using heat transfer or temperature change calculation techniques or processes. Additionally or alternatively, further using the upstream temperature, the controller can determine the duration (e.g., time constant) for the current temperature of the catalyst to change (e.g., increase or decrease) to a desired or predetermined temperature. By using the upstream temperature, the controller determines, estimates and / or predicts a change in the catalyst temperature. In one embodiment, the temperature determined by the catalyst corresponds to the ammonia storage capacity of the catalyst (e.g., in combination with the upstream temperature). Figure 4Based on the value, the controller adjusts the ammonia storage of the catalyst, such as when an upcoming temperature event (e.g., temperature change) is expected or predicted. For example, during a period of decreasing ammonia storage capacity as the catalyst temperature increases, the controller maintains or decreases ammonia storage (e.g., the amount of ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst) by at least one of reducing or stopping ammonia injection (reductant dosing) or increasing engine output NOx to reduce ammonia storage (e.g., by chemical reaction of ammonia with generated NOx). Beneficially, the systems and methods described herein can mitigate ammonia slip by appropriately adjusting ammonia storage capacity to expected exhaust emissions.

[0026] Reference now Figure 1 , a schematic diagram of an engine exhaust aftertreatment system with a controller 100 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The system 10 is shown as an engine exhaust aftertreatment system. The system 10 includes an internal combustion engine 20 coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system 22, which is in exhaust receiving communication with the engine 20. The controller 100 is coupled to the system together with an operator input / output (I / O) device 120. The system 10 can be applied in a vehicle. The vehicle can include a road or off-road vehicle, including but not limited to a straight-line transport truck, a mid-range truck (e.g., a pickup truck), a car, a boat, a tank, an airplane, a locomotive, a mining equipment, and any other type of vehicle. The vehicle may include a transmission, a refueling system, one or more additional vehicle subsystems, etc. In this regard, the vehicle may include additional, fewer, and / or different components / systems, so that the principles, methods, systems, devices, processes, etc. of the present disclosure are intended to be applicable to any other vehicle configuration. It should also be understood that the principles of the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to vehicles; on the contrary, the present disclosure is also applicable to stationary equipment such as a generator or a generator set.

[0027] In the example shown, the engine 20 is an internal combustion engine configured as a compression ignition internal combustion engine utilizing diesel fuel. In various other embodiments, the engine 20 can be configured as any other type of engine (e.g., spark ignition) utilizing any type of fuel (e.g., gasoline, natural gas, etc.). In some embodiments, the vehicle can be another type of vehicle, such as a hybrid vehicle including one or more electric motors, a fuel cell vehicle, etc. Therefore, although the engine 20 is configured herein as a diesel-powered internal combustion engine, other embodiments are also considered to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0028] Within the internal combustion engine 20 , air from the atmosphere is mixed with fuel and combusted to drive the engine. The fuel and air are combusted within the compression chambers of the engine 20 to produce exhaust gas that is operatively discharged to an exhaust manifold (not shown) and an aftertreatment system 22 .

[0029] The exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may include a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 40, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 30, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system 52 having an SCR catalyst 50, an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst 60, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 70, an electric heater (not shown), a light-off SCR (not shown), and other architectures or components.

[0030] In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system 22 may include a second SCR system. In these embodiments, the aftertreatment system 22 may also include a second DEF dosing device, a second DPF, a second heater, etc. The second SCR system may be arranged upstream or downstream of the (first) SCR system 52. The second DEF dosing device may be arranged upstream of the second SCR. In some embodiments, the second SCR and the second DEF dosing device are substantially similar to the SCR and DEF dosing device. Thus, in some embodiments, the aftertreatment system 22 may include one or more of a plurality of DOCs, a plurality of DPFs, a plurality of SCR catalysts, a plurality of AMOx catalysts, etc. The SCR system 52 also includes a reductant delivery system having a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) source 54 (or other types of reductants), which supplies DEF to the DEF dosing device 56 via a DEF line 58.

[0031] In the direction of exhaust flow, as shown by the direction arrow 29, the exhaust gas flows from the engine 20 into the inlet conduit 24 of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. The exhaust gas flows from the inlet conduit 24 into the DOC 30 and leaves the DOC into the first exhaust conduit 28A. The exhaust gas flows from the first exhaust conduit 28A into the DPF 40 and leaves the DPF into the second exhaust conduit 28B. The exhaust gas flows from the second exhaust conduit 28B into the SCR catalyst 50 and leaves the SCR catalyst into the third exhaust conduit 28C. As the exhaust gas flows through the second exhaust conduit 28B, the DEF (or reductant) doser 56 periodically adds DEF (reductant) thereto. Therefore, the second exhaust conduit 28B serves as a decomposition chamber or tube to promote the decomposition of DEF into ammonia. The exhaust gas flows from the third exhaust conduit 28C into the AMOx catalyst 60 and leaves the AMOx catalyst into the outlet conduit 26 before the exhaust gas is discharged from the system 22. Based on the above, in the illustrated embodiment, DOC 30 is located upstream of DPF 40 and SCR catalyst 50, which is located downstream of DPF 40 and upstream of AMOx catalyst 60. However, other arrangements of components of exhaust aftertreatment system 22 are possible in alternative embodiments.

[0032] The DOC 30 may be configured to have a variety of different types of flow-through designs. The DOC 30 may be configured to oxidize at least some of the particulate matter in the exhaust gas (e.g., the soluble organic portion of the soot) and reduce unburned hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust gas to less environmentally harmful compounds. For example, the DOC 30 may be configured to reduce the concentration of hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust gas to meet the necessary emission standards for these components in the exhaust gas.

[0033] In addition to treating hydrocarbon and CO concentrations in the exhaust, the DOC 30 can also be used for controlled regeneration of the DPF 40, SCR catalyst 50, and AMOx catalyst 60. This can be achieved by injecting or dosing unburned HC into the exhaust upstream of the DOC 30. Upon contact with the DOC 30, the unburned HC undergoes an exothermic oxidation reaction, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the DOC 30 and subsequently entering the DPF 40, SCR catalyst 50, and / or AMOx catalyst 60. The amount of unburned HC added to the exhaust is selected to achieve a desired temperature increase or target controlled regeneration temperature.

[0034] The DPF 40 may be any of a variety of flow-through designs and is configured to reduce the concentration of particulate matter (e.g., soot and ash) in the exhaust gas to meet necessary emission standards. The DPF 40 captures particulate matter and other components and may be periodically regenerated to burn off the captured components. In addition, the DPF 40 may be configured to oxidize NO to form NO2 independently of the DOC 30.

[0035] As described above, the SCR system 52 includes a reductant delivery system having a reductant (e.g., DEF) source 54, a pump (not shown), and a delivery mechanism or doser 56. The reductant source 54 may be a container or tank capable of accommodating a reductant, such as ammonia (NH3), DEF (e.g., urea), diesel, etc. The reductant source 54 is connected to the pump to maintain a reductant supply, and the pump is configured to pump the reductant from the reductant source 54 to the delivery mechanism 56 via the reductant delivery line 58. The delivery mechanism 56 is located upstream of the SCR catalyst 50. The delivery mechanism 56 can be selectively controlled to inject the reductant directly into the exhaust gas flow before entering the SCR catalyst 50. As described herein, the controller 100 is configured to control the timing and amount of the reductant delivered to the exhaust gas. The reductant can be decomposed to produce ammonia. As briefly described above, ammonia reacts with NOx in the presence of the SCR catalyst 50 to reduce NOx to less harmful emissions, such as N2 and H2O. The NOx in the exhaust gas flow includes NO2 and NO. In the presence of NH3, NO2 and NO are converted into N2 and H2O through various chemical reactions driven by the catalytic elements of the SCR catalyst.

[0036] The SCR catalyst 50 may be any of a variety of catalysts. For example, in some embodiments, the SCR catalyst 50 is a vanadium-based catalyst, while in other embodiments, the SCR catalyst is a zeolite-based catalyst, such as a copper zeolite or an iron zeolite catalyst. In a representative embodiment, the reductant is an aqueous urea solution, and the SCR catalyst 50 is a zeolite-based catalyst. In other embodiments, the reductant includes a first reductant and a second reductant, wherein the first reductant is urea and the second reductant is ammonia.

[0037] The AMOx catalyst 60 can be any of a variety of flow-through catalysts that are configured to react with ammonia to primarily produce nitrogen. As briefly described above, the AMOx catalyst 60 is configured to remove ammonia that leaks or escapes from the SCR catalyst 50 without reacting with NOx in the exhaust gas. In some cases, the aftertreatment system 22 can be operated with or without the AMOx catalyst. In addition, although in Figure 1 The AMOx catalyst 60 is shown as a separate unit from the SCR system 52, in some embodiments, the AMOx catalyst can be integrated with the SCR catalyst (e.g., the AMOx catalyst and the SCR catalyst can be located in the same housing). In some embodiments, the SCR catalyst and the AMOx catalyst are placed in sequence, with the SCR catalyst before the AMOx catalyst. As described herein, the SCR catalyst 50 and the AMOx catalyst 60 form an SCR and AMOx system. Therefore, the determined health or degradation conditions are related to these catalysts.

[0038] Various sensors, such as NOx sensors 12, 14, 55, 57 and temperature sensors 16, 18, can be strategically arranged throughout the exhaust aftertreatment system 22, and can communicate with the controller 100, and are configured to monitor the operating conditions of the system 10. It should be understood that one or more flow, pressure and various other sensors (oxygen sensors, exhaust composition sensors, NH3 sensors) can also be included in the system and set at various locations. As shown, multiple NOx sensors can be set upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst 50. In this configuration, the NOx sensor 12 measures the NOx discharged by the engine, while the NOx sensor 55 measures the inlet NOx amount of the SCR catalyst 50. This is because the DOC 30 / DPF 40 may oxidize part of the NOx discharged by the engine, so the amount of NOx discharged by the engine may not be equal to the inlet NOx amount of the SCR catalyst 50. Therefore, this configuration explains this potential difference. The amount of NOx leaving the SCR catalyst 50 can be measured by the NOx sensor 57 and / or the NOx sensor 14. In some embodiments, there may be only one such sensor, such as either NOx sensor 57 or NOx sensor 14. NOx sensor 57 (and in some embodiments, NOx sensor 14) is located downstream of SCR catalyst 50 and is configured to detect NOx concentration in the exhaust gas downstream of (e.g., exiting) the SCR catalyst.

[0039] The temperature sensor 16 is associated with the DOC 30 and the DPF 40 and may therefore be defined as the DOC / DPF temperature sensor 16. The DOC / DPF temperature sensor is strategically located to detect the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the DOC 30, flowing out of the DOC and into the DPF 40 and out of the DPF before being dosed into the DEF by the doser 56. The temperature sensor 18 is associated with the SCR catalyst 50 and may therefore be defined as the SCR temperature sensor 18. The SCR temperature sensor 18 is strategically located to detect the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into and out of the SCR catalyst 50.

[0040] The EGR system 70 is configured to recirculate exhaust gas back to the intake manifold of the engine 20 for combustion. The EGR system 70 includes an EGR cooler 74 and an EGR valve 76. The EGR cooler 74 is configured as any type of heat exchanger typically included in an EGR system, including but not limited to air-to-air and / or liquid (e.g., coolant)-to-air (e.g., exhaust) heat exchangers. The EGR cooler 74 is configured to remove heat from the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas is reintroduced into the intake manifold. For a variety of reasons, heat is removed from the exhaust gas before it is reintroduced to prevent high intake air temperatures (e.g., engine knock) that may promote pre-ignition.

[0041] Although the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 is shown to include one of the DOC 30, DPF 40, SCR catalyst 50, and AMOx catalyst 60, which are located at specific positions relative to each other along the exhaust flow path, in other embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system may include any of the various catalysts located at any of a variety of positions relative to each other along the exhaust flow path. In addition, although the DOC 30 and the AMOx catalyst 60 are non-selective catalysts, in some embodiments, the DOC and the AMOx catalyst may be selective catalysts. In addition, the EGR system 70 may include other flow paths or components not described above.

[0042] Figure 1 Also shown is an operator input / output (I / O) device 120. The operator I / O device 120 is communicatively coupled to the controller 100 so that information can be exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O device 120. The information exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O device 120 may relate to Figure 1 The operator I / O device 120 enables the operator of the vehicle (or a passenger of the vehicle) to communicate with the controller 100 and other components of the vehicle, such as Figure 1 For example, operator input / output devices 120 may include an interactive display, a touch screen device, one or more buttons and switches, a voice command receiver, etc.

[0043] The controller 100 is configured to at least partially control the operation of the system 10 and related subsystems, such as the internal combustion engine 20 and the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. Communication between components may occur via any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, a wired connection may include a serial cable, a fiber optic cable, a CAT5 cable, or any other form of wired connection. In contrast, a wireless connection may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular, radio, etc. In one embodiment, a controller area network ("CAN") bus provides for the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Because the controller 100 is communicatively coupled to Figure 1 The controller 100 is configured to Figure 1One or more components shown receive data. For example, the data may include NOx data received via one or more sensors (e.g., input NOx amounts from NOx sensor 55 and output NOx amounts from NOx sensor 57), dosing data (e.g., timing and amount of dosing injection delivered from doser 56), and vehicle operating data (e.g., engine speed, vehicle speed, engine temperature, etc.). As another example, the data may include input from an operator input / output device 120. As described more fully herein, using this data, the controller 100 manages or adjusts ammonia storage of a catalyst (e.g., SCR catalyst 50, etc.), such as by controlling one or more components of the control system 10, including at least doser 56 for reductant dosing (e.g., increasing, decreasing, or stopping the amount of reductant injection), modifying the operation of the internal combustion engine 20 to affect NOx output to affect ammonia storage, etc. Reference Figure 2 The structure and function of the controller 100 are further described.

[0044] Figure 2 An example structure of a controller 100 is shown, which includes a processing circuit 101 and various circuits, the processing circuit 101 includes a processor 102, a memory 115, and various circuits include at least an engine circuit 105, an ammonia circuit 106, a NOx circuit 107, a quantitative injection circuit 108, a prediction circuit 109, a correction circuit 110, and an aging circuit 111. The processor 102 can be implemented as one or more processors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. The memory 115 (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) can store data and / or computer code to facilitate various processes described herein. The memory 115 may be communicatively connected to the processor 102 and one or more circuits (e.g., the engine circuit 105, the ammonia circuit 106, the NOx circuit 107, the dosing circuit 108, the prediction circuit 109, the correction circuit 110, and the aging circuit 111), and is configured to provide computer code or instructions to the processor 102 to perform the processes described herein with respect to the controller 100. In addition, the memory 115 may be or include tangible, non-transitory volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Thus, the memory 115 may include a database component, an object code component, a script component, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0045] The controller 100 is configured to receive input (e.g., signals, information, data, etc.) from the system 10 components / systems and / or operator I / O devices 120. The controller 100 is also configured to at least partially control the components / systems of the system 10 and the associated vehicle. Figure 2The components may be embodied in a vehicle, and the controller 100 may be constructed as one or more electronic control units (ECUs). The controller 100 may be separately provided from or included in at least one of a transmission control unit, an exhaust aftertreatment control unit, a powertrain control module, an engine control module, and the like.

[0046] In one configuration, one or more circuits (e.g., engine circuit 105, ammonia circuit 106, NOx circuit 107, dosing circuit 108, prediction circuit 109, correction circuit 110, and aging circuit 111) may be embodied as a machine or computer readable medium that stores instructions executable by a processor (e.g., processor 102) and stored in a memory device (e.g., memory 115). As described herein and for other purposes, machine readable media facilitates the execution of certain operations to enable the reception and transmission of data. For example, a machine readable medium may provide instructions (e.g., commands, etc.), such as obtaining data. In this regard, the machine readable medium may include programmable logic that defines the frequency of data acquisition (or data transmission). The computer readable medium may include code that may be written in any programming language, including but not limited to Java, etc., and any traditional process programming language, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program code may be executed on one processor or multiple remote processors. In the latter case, the remote processors may be interconnected via any type of network (e.g., CAN bus, etc.).

[0047] In another configuration, one or more circuits are implemented as hardware units, such as electronic control units. Thus, one or more circuits may be embodied as one or more circuit components, including but not limited to processing circuits, network interfaces, peripherals, input devices, output devices, sensors, and the like. In some embodiments, one or more circuits may take the form of one or more analog circuits, electronic circuits (e.g., integrated circuits (ICs), discrete circuits, system-on-chip (SOC) circuits, microcontrollers, and the like), telecommunications circuits, hybrid circuits, and any other type of "circuit". In this regard, one or more circuits may include any type of component for implementing or facilitating the implementation of the operations described herein. For example, the circuits described herein may include one or more transistors, logic gates (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, and the like), resistors, multiplexers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, wiring, and the like. One or more circuits may also include programmable hardware devices, such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices, and the like. One or more circuits may include one or more storage devices for storing instructions executable by processors of the respective circuits (e.g., engine circuit 105, ammonia circuit 106, NOx circuit 107, dosing circuit 108, prediction circuit 109, correction circuit 110, and aging circuit 111). One or more memory devices and processors may have the same definitions as provided below with respect to memory 115 and processor 102. In certain hardware unit configurations, such as in a vehicle, one or more circuits may be physically dispersed in different locations. Alternatively, as shown, one or more circuits may be embodied in or within a single unit / housing, which is shown as controller 100.

[0048] The processing circuit 101 may be constructed or configured to execute or implement instructions, commands, and / or control processes described herein with respect to at least one of the engine circuit 105, the ammonia circuit 106, the NOx circuit 107, the dosing circuit 108, the prediction circuit 109, the correction circuit 110, or the aging circuit 111. The depicted configuration represents the engine circuit 105, the ammonia circuit 106, the NOx circuit 107, the dosing circuit 108, the prediction circuit 109, the correction circuit 110, and the aging circuit 111 as instructions in a machine or computer readable medium. In some embodiments, the instructions may be stored by a memory device. However, as described above, this illustration is not meant to be limiting, as the present disclosure contemplates other embodiments in which the engine circuit 105, the ammonia circuit 106, the NOx circuit 107, the dosing circuit 108, the prediction circuit 109, the correction circuit 110, and the aging circuit 111, or at least one of one or more circuits, is configured as a hardware unit. All of these combinations and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0049] In the example shown, the controller 100 includes at least an engine circuit 105 configured to control the engine 20, a NOx circuit 107 in communication with the NOx sensors 12, 14, 55, 57, an ammonia circuit 106 in communication with sensors associated with the SCR catalyst 50 and / or the AMOx catalyst 60, a dosing circuit 108 configured to control the operation of the reductant dosing system (e.g., the DEF source 54 and / or the doser 56), a prediction circuit 109 configured to determine or predict a temperature or ammonia storage level of the catalyst, a correction circuit 110 configured to adjust the determined ammonia storage to signal the dosing circuit to adjust the ammonia injection amount and / or to signal the engine 20 to increase, decrease, or otherwise adjust the engine-out NOx amount to control the catalyst's ammonia storage, and an aging circuit 111 configured to determine the degradation of one or more components (e.g., the SCR catalyst 50, etc.) over time. As described herein, the reductant injection amount is adjusted and / or the function of the engine-out NOx amount is modified to modify or adjust the ammonia storage amount of the SCR catalyst. In this regard, increasing engine-exhaust NOx results in more stored ammonia to react with the NOx, thereby reducing ammonia slip and ammonia storage. In addition, as catalyst temperature increases (e.g., due to higher engine loads, etc.), catalyst activity increases, so the dosage can be reduced to mitigate slip.

[0050] The engine circuit 105 is configured to receive information from a user (e.g., via the operator input / output device 120) and to provide instructions to the engine 20 or otherwise control the engine 20. For example, the engine circuit 105 may control the operation or components of the engine, including at least an intake valve for controlling the intake of air or gas, an exhaust valve for releasing exhaust gas through a conduit (e.g., conduits 24, 28A-C, 26, etc.), or other components of the engine 20. Thus, the engine circuit 105 may control the torque and / or speed (and other factors such as air-fuel ratio) from the engine 20 to control the amount of NOx discharged from the engine, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine (to affect the catalyst temperature), etc. The engine circuit 105 is configured to transmit engine information to one or more other circuits of the controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109, the correction circuit 110, the aging circuit 111, etc.) and / or components of the memory 115.

[0051] The NOx circuit 107 is coupled to and communicates with the NOx sensors 12, 14, 55, 57 and provides information about NOx values ​​(e.g., detected or sensed NOx concentration or amount in the exhaust gas) to other circuits of the controller 100 and / or components of the memory 115. One or more of the NOx sensors may be virtual NOx sensors or physical NOx sensors. The NOx circuit 107 may process raw data received from the NOx sensors 12, 14, 55, 57 and other sensor data to provide information indicative of NOx values ​​to other circuits of the controller 100 and / or components of the memory 115.

[0052] The ammonia circuit 106 is configured to determine an ammonia storage value that indicates an amount of ammonia stored in or on a catalyst, particularly the SCR catalyst 50. The ammonia circuit 106 is configured to communicate with the dosing circuit 108, the temperature sensors 16, 18, and the NOx sensors 12, 14, 55, 57 to determine the ammonia storage value. In some cases, the controller 100 may determine the ammonia storage amount or value based on at least historical reductant injection amounts, current or expected engine-out NOx amounts, current and expected temperatures in the aftertreatment system, etc. In some cases, the controller 100 may receive an ammonia storage indicator from one or more sensors coupled to one or more components of the system 10. In various embodiments, the ammonia circuit 106 is configured to determine a storage capacity or storage level for storing ammonia in the SCR catalyst 50. The storage capacity indicates a maximum ammonia storage amount that the SCR catalyst 50 can store, for example based on the temperature of the catalyst 50 (e.g., in combination with the temperature of the catalyst 50). Figure 4 For example, ammonia storage can be determined based on at least one suitable empirical formula (e.g., using data from one or more components of the system 10), a physics-based or mapping-based model, and / or by another suitable method. For example, laboratory-based results can be used to correlate the ammonia storage capacity of the catalyst with various conditions (e.g., age of the catalyst, operating conditions, etc.) to determine the maximum ammonia storage capacity under various conditions.

[0053] The dosing circuit 108 is configured to provide a dosing command to the dosing device 56 to control and manage (e.g., adjust) the amount and / or timing of the reductant injection from the dosing device 56. The dosing circuit 108 may also be in communication with the ammonia circuit 106 and the NOx circuit 107. For example, the dosing circuit 108 may receive information from the ammonia circuit 106 indicating at least one of the current ammonia storage or ammonia storage capacity of the SCR catalyst 50. In this case, if the ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst 50 is less than a threshold or amount, the dosing circuit 108 may command the injection of additional reductant into the exhaust gas flow to increase the ammonia storage. In another example, the dosing circuit 108 is configured to receive information from the correction circuit 110 to initiate dosing of the reductant to adjust the amount of ammonia storage on / in the catalyst.

[0054] The controller 100 may also control the engine 20 to adjust the ammonia storage in the catalyst. For example, the controller 100 may command or instruct the engine 20 to increase the engine-out NOx output so that more NOx reacts chemically with the ammonia stored in the catalyst. Therefore, in some embodiments, the controller 100 is configured to reduce ammonia storage by increasing engine-out NOx.

[0055] The prediction circuit 109 is configured to predict or determine the temperature of one or more components of the aftertreatment system 22 (or other features in the system, such as exhaust gas temperature). In the following, the SCR catalyst 50 is used as an example of the operation of one or more circuits of the controller 100. For example, the prediction circuit 109 determines the current temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 and the temperature upstream of the SCR catalyst 50, such as the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the SCR catalyst 50. For example, the prediction circuit 109 determines the exhaust gas flow upstream of the SCR catalyst 50 or through the SCR catalyst based on one or more sensors (such as flow sensors) located at an upstream position (such as upstream of the SCR catalyst 50). The prediction circuit 109 determines the temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 (e.g., a predicted temperature or another temperature) after a predetermined duration based on the current SCR catalyst 50 temperature and the upstream temperature. The prediction circuit 109 is configured or constructed to take into account the increase or decrease in the exhaust gas temperature during the exhaust gas flow to the SCR catalyst 50.

[0056] Thus, the prediction circuit 109 is constructed or configured to determine the temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 after a predetermined duration (e.g., configurable by an operator, manufacturer, technician, etc.) based on at least one of the upstream temperature or the exhaust flow rate (e.g., sometimes referred to as the flow rate). In some cases, the prediction circuit 109 is constructed to determine a duration (e.g., a time constant) to reach a predetermined temperature, such as an expected temperature associated with a particular ammonia storage capacity. For example, based on the upstream temperature, the prediction circuit 109 determines a change in temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 over a predetermined amount of time. The predetermined temperature may be based on a desired ammonia storage capacity. Thus, the prediction circuit 109 is constructed or configured to determine the length of time (e.g., a duration or time constant) for the SCR catalyst 50 to reach the predetermined temperature based on the predicted temperature as a function of time. In various embodiments, the prediction circuit 109 is constructed to determine the storage capacity of the SCR catalyst 50 based on the determined temperature of the SCR catalyst 50, such as in combination with Figure 4 described.

[0057] The correction circuit 110 is constructed or configured to determine whether to adjust ammonia storage based on at least the predicted temperature of the SCR catalyst 50. The correction circuit 110 receives information about the predicted temperature from the prediction circuit 109. The correction circuit 110 is constructed or configured to send a signal, communicate and / or provide instructions to at least one of the dosing circuits 108 to adjust the ammonia storage of the SCR catalyst 50 (or the controller can directly adjust the storage by controlling the HC dosing as described above). For example, the correction circuit 110 is constructed or configured to determine at least one of the maximum or minimum ammonia storage of the SCR catalyst 50 based on at least the current ammonia storage of the SCR catalyst 50 (e.g., determined based on the current temperature, and in some cases, determined based on aging or degradation in the SCR catalyst 50) and the expected storage capacity after a predetermined duration (or time constant) (e.g., determined based on the predicted temperature). For example, if the subsequent storage capacity (e.g., determined based on the predicted temperature after the time constant, indicating an increased or decreased ammonia storage capacity) is greater than the current storage capacity, the information from the correction circuit 110 can cause the dosing circuit 108 to increase or maintain the reductant dosing level. In another case, if the subsequent storage capacity is less than the current storage capacity, based on the current ammonia storage exceeding a threshold level (e.g., maximum capacity), the controller 100 causes the engine 20 to produce NOx to chemically react with excess ammonia in the catalyst (e.g., to reduce the ammonia storage to or below maximum capacity).

[0058] The aging circuit 111 is configured to track changes in catalyst status, for example, based on or related to degradation, wear, aging, deactivation, or performance changes of the catalyst. The terms "degradation" and "deactivation" of the catalyst are interchangeable. For example, the aging circuit 111 is configured to determine the maximum ammonia storage capacity of the SCR catalyst 50, the SCR catalyst 50 conversion efficiency, and other catalyst status changes caused by historical use, historical regeneration, environmental exposure, etc. over time (for example, over the entire life of the catalyst or within a predetermined time range, such as a week, a month, a year, etc.). The aging circuit 111 is configured to transmit degradation information of the SCR catalyst 50 (or other components of the controller 100) to one or more circuits (for example, quantitative injection circuit 108, prediction circuit 109, correction circuit 110, etc.). Based on the degradation, one or more circuits are configured to manage the amount of ammonia injection to maintain or adjust the ammonia storage in the SCR catalyst 50, thereby avoiding ammonia emissions exceeding a predefined acceptable threshold (for example, reducing ammonia storage below the maximum storage capacity, or increasing ammonia storage to the maximum storage capacity during the generation of exhaust products).

[0059] Reference now Figure 3 , a graph 302 of NH3 measurements at the outlet of a particular aftertreatment system component (particularly an SCR system) according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. Graph 302 shows a first set of data points (e.g., shown as “disabled” in the legend) using catalyst temperature to initiate ammonia dosing (e.g., when the predicted temperature based ammonia storage management function is disabled), and a second set of data points (e.g., shown as “enabled” in the legend) using at least catalyst temperature and the inlet temperature of the aftertreatment system 22 to adjust the ammonia injection amount (e.g., when the predicted temperature based ammonia storage management function is enabled). Relative to the first set of data points, the second set of data points includes or corresponds to ammonia emissions based on a prediction of the temperature of the SCR catalyst based on at least the inlet temperature of the aftertreatment system 22 (e.g., reducing or minimizing ammonia emissions). Figure 3 Also shown is a graph 304 of catalyst temperature (eg, bed temperature or brick temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 , such as arithmetic mean temperature, average temperature, etc.) and inlet temperature of the aftertreatment system 22 . Figure 3 Another graph 306 of exhaust flow versus time is shown. Graphs 304 and 306 are associated with graph 302 of exemplary first and second sets of data points for aftertreatment system 22 .

[0060] Still refer to Figure 3As shown in graph 302, a first set of data points for the aftertreatment system 22 uses the catalyst temperature shown in graph 304 to control the amount of ammonia injection to meet or reach the ammonia storage target. For example, in this example, from 0 seconds to approximately 200 seconds, the first set of data points describes the injection of ammonia based on the low temperature of the SCR catalyst 50. However, as the temperature increases, such as near the 300 second mark (e.g., marked as section 308), the storage capacity of the SCR catalyst 50 decreases (e.g., at relatively high temperatures, the ammonia storage capacity decreases). Continuing to increase the temperature may cause the already injected ammonia to leak through the aftertreatment system 22, which is undesirable. In other words, when ammonia slip occurs, it may be undesirable to increase the temperature of the catalyst and the system (because it promotes additional slip). Therefore, by injecting the exhaust gas flow based solely on the catalyst temperature, undesirable ammonia emissions above a predetermined threshold may occur.

[0061] As shown in the second set of data points, the controller 100 manages ammonia emissions. The controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) uses information from the upstream temperature signal (e.g., the inlet temperature of the SCR catalyst 50) and the catalyst temperature when determining the ammonia storage target. The controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) then determines the temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 at a subsequent future time. For example, based on the inlet temperature at portion 310 of the graph 304, the prediction circuit 109 determines or predicts the change in catalyst temperature after a duration (e.g., shown as approximately 300-400 seconds).

[0062] In some cases, the prediction circuit 109 summarizes the duration of the inlet temperature (e.g., within a predefined time period) to predict the catalyst temperature at a subsequent time. For example, if the inlet temperature is trending upward, thereby indicating an increase in temperature, the prediction circuit 109 can determine that the catalyst temperature after a predetermined duration may be higher than the summarized inlet temperature. In another example, if the inlet temperature is trending downward, thereby indicating a decrease in temperature, the prediction circuit 109 can determine that the catalyst temperature after a predetermined duration may be lower than the summarized inlet temperature. Additionally or alternatively, the prediction circuit 109 can determine the catalyst temperature after a predetermined duration based on fluctuations (e.g., increases and decreases) in the inlet temperature over the summarized / predefined duration. The catalyst temperature can represent the ammonia storage capacity of the SCR catalyst 50, and the inlet temperature can represent the performance of the SCR catalyst 50 in terms of ammonia storage capacity after a period of time. For example, since the catalyst temperature is related to the ammonia storage capacity, the current catalyst temperature can represent the current ammonia storage capacity, and the inlet temperature (e.g., reflecting the catalyst temperature of the future time period) can reflect the ammonia storage capacity of the future time period.

[0063] The controller 100 (e.g., the correction circuit 110) compares the current catalyst temperature (e.g., representing a first storage capacity) with the inlet or upstream temperature (e.g., representing a second storage capacity) to determine an ammonia storage target. The ammonia storage target refers to the desired amount of ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst 50 when the current catalyst temperature reaches a desired or predetermined temperature after a period of time (e.g., a future period of time) so that the stored ammonia does not exceed the storage capacity in the future period of time. For example, the correction circuit 110 determines the first storage capacity based on the catalyst temperature and determines the second storage capacity based on the inlet temperature. The correction circuit 110 selects the minimum (or lower) storage capacity of the compared storage capacities as the ammonia storage target. Therefore, by taking into account fluctuations (e.g., increases or decreases) in the storage capacity, the correction circuit 110 uses the selected ammonia storage target to adjust ammonia storage to minimize ammonia or potential ammonia emissions (i.e., mitigate ammonia slip) from the aftertreatment system 22. The correction circuit 110 can adjust ammonia storage during temperature changes of the SCR catalyst 50, such as in response to a set ammonia storage target, after a period of time delay, or before the catalyst temperature reaches a predicted temperature based on the upstream temperature. In some implementations, the controller 100 may use the upstream temperature as the ammonia storage target without the catalyst temperature.

[0064] In various implementations, the controller 100 (e.g., the correction circuit 110) adjusts ammonia storage based on exhaust flow. The exhaust flow can be associated with the amount of exhaust constituents (e.g., NOx) at the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22. For example, the correction circuit 110 can increase the ammonia storage target (or set the storage target based on a higher storage capacity) during high exhaust flow (e.g., an exhaust flow greater than a predetermined maximum threshold) because the available ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst 50 may react with the exhaust constituents at a higher rate due to the higher exhaust flow (e.g., a higher consumption rate of stored ammonia). Otherwise, for example, the correction circuit 110 can adjust the storage target to at least the selected storage capacity (or below the selected storage capacity) during low exhaust flow (e.g., the exhaust flow is below a predetermined minimum threshold), or maintain the current amount of stored ammonia. The predetermined thresholds discussed herein can be configured by an operator, a remote computing device (e.g., via wireless updates), etc.

[0065] Reference now Figure 4 , Figure 4A graph 400 is shown of the correlation between catalyst temperature and ammonia storage according to an exemplary embodiment. Graph 400 includes an x-axis associated with the temperature of the catalyst (e.g., the SCR catalyst 50) and a y-axis associated with the ammonia storage ratio. The ammonia storage ratio represents the ratio of ammonia storage to maximum storage capacity at a predetermined or given temperature (e.g., ammonia storage divided by maximum storage capacity). For example, the ammonia storage ratio can be in the range of 0 to 1, and the catalyst temperature can be in any operating temperature range, such as between 200 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius. As shown, the applicant has determined that the ammonia storage ratio is inversely proportional to the catalyst temperature. Based on this property or characteristic of the ammonia storage capacity, the controller 100 determines the storage capacity of the SCR catalyst 50 based on the catalyst temperature, such as the upstream temperature of the aftertreatment system 22 or the brick temperature of the SCR catalyst 50.

[0066] As shown, the storage capacity decreases as the catalyst temperature increases. This is because the temperature causes the stored ammonia to be burned, which is then released back into the system without reacting. Conversely, the storage capacity increases as the catalyst temperature decreases. By accounting for fluctuations in catalyst temperature (e.g., predicting an upcoming temperature event) based on at least one of the exhaust gas flow rate and the inlet temperature of the aftertreatment system 22, the controller 100 can minimize ammonia emissions before ammonia is emitted to the AMOx (e.g., AMOx 60, whose selectivity may decrease over time) or ammonia is released from the aftertreatment system.

[0067] Reference now Figure 5 , Figure 5 1 shows a flow chart of a method 500 for managing ammonia emissions in the aftertreatment system 22 according to an exemplary embodiment. The method 500 may be performed by Figure 1 to Figure 2 500 are performed by components of the aftertreatment system 22 so that they may be referenced to help explain the method 500. As discussed below, the method 500 includes processes 502, 504, 506, 508, and 510, as well as other processes (or other operations) for managing ammonia storage in the aftertreatment system 22. In various implementations, certain processes may be performed before or after each other, such as process 504 before process 502, etc.

[0068] In process 502, the controller 100 (e.g., prediction circuit 109) predicts the temperature (e.g., temperature change) (e.g., catalyst temperature) of the SCR catalyst 50 (e.g., determines the catalyst temperature after a duration). The controller 100 predicts the catalyst temperature based on at least the inlet temperature of the aftertreatment system 22. For example, the controller 100 receives temperature data indicating the temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22 (e.g., from at least one of the temperature sensors 16 or 18). Based on the temperature data regarding the temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22, the controller 100 determines the temperature of the catalyst after a predetermined duration after the received temperature data.

[0069] In some embodiments, the duration may be a predetermined duration configured by an operator, technician, etc. For example, the controller 100 determines the change in catalyst temperature after a predetermined duration. In some implementations, the duration corresponds to a time constant (e.g., discussed in process 504). The time constant may refer to a predefined duration for determining the predicted temperature. In some cases, the time constant may indicate a duration for the current temperature (e.g., first temperature) of the SCR catalyst 50 based on the inlet temperature of the aftertreatment system 22 to reach a predetermined temperature higher than the current temperature (e.g., the duration for the current temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 to increase or decrease by a predetermined / predefined amount (e.g., 25, 50, 100 degrees, etc.)). For example, based on the temperature data, the controller 100 determines the duration (e.g., time constant) for the current temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 to reach the predicted temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 (e.g., based on the inlet temperature). In this case, the predefined temperature may be a temperature that satisfies (e.g., is greater than or less than) a threshold (e.g., a deviation threshold representing a minimum change in temperature) to enable regulation of ammonia storage. For example, ammonia storage may be adjusted relative to temperature within a predefined range, such as when the temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 is at or above an upper threshold, or when the temperature is at or below a lower threshold. The controller 100 determines the duration of reaching or exceeding a predetermined temperature threshold of the SCR catalyst 50 based at least on the current temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 and the inlet temperature (e.g., upstream temperature) of the aftertreatment system 22. Otherwise, the controller 100 may not be able to adjust ammonia storage if the temperature does not meet the threshold (e.g., when the temperature is within a predefined range including below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold).

[0070] In various implementations, the controller 100 also determines the catalyst temperature based on the exhaust flow rate. For example, a higher exhaust flow rate (eg, 400 g / s) may accelerate the temperature increase of the SCR catalyst 50 compared to a lower exhaust flow rate (eg, 100 g / s).

[0071] At process 504, the controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) determines a time constant (e.g., a temperature dynamic time constant) in the aftertreatment system 22 from the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22 to the SCR catalyst 50. The time constant represents the duration for the current temperature (e.g., bed temperature or brick temperature) of the SCR catalyst 50 to reach a predetermined temperature of the SCR catalyst 50. For example, based on the current ammonia storage amount, the controller 100 determines a desired temperature (e.g., an upper temperature threshold or a lower temperature threshold) relative to the current temperature that is higher or lower (e.g., 25, 50, etc. degrees) than the current temperature to adjust the ammonia storage. The controller 100 determines a time constant that indicates an approximate duration for the SCR catalyst 50 to reach either temperature threshold (e.g., an upper temperature threshold or a lower temperature threshold). A larger time constant value represents a relatively extended or longer duration for the catalyst to reach the desired temperature, while a lower time constant value represents a relatively shorter duration for the catalyst to reach the desired temperature.

[0072] The controller 100 determines the time constant based on at least the current temperature of the catalyst and the exhaust flow rate of the exhaust pipe. In some cases, the exhaust flow rate may be related to the time constant. For example, as the exhaust flow rate increases, the temperature of the catalyst increases at a greater rate, thereby having a lower or smaller time constant. By reducing the exhaust flow rate, the temperature can increase at a lower rate (e.g., a higher time constant), or the temperature can decrease.

[0073] In process 506, the controller 100 (e.g., the correction circuit 110) determines when to enable ammonia storage adjustment. The predicted catalyst temperature (e.g., based on the inlet temperature) represents a deviation temperature from the current catalyst temperature, which indicates whether to adjust ammonia storage. If the predicted catalyst temperature is not greater than a threshold (e.g., + / - 10 degrees Celsius, 20 degrees Celsius, etc.), ammonia storage may not need to be adjusted. For example, the controller 100 receives ammonia information regarding an estimated value (i.e., current θ or current ammonia storage ratio) of stored ammonia in at least a portion of the aftertreatment system 22 (e.g., in the catalyst).

[0074] The controller 100 determines whether the received ammonia information satisfies an ammonia value threshold (e.g., an upper threshold or a lower threshold) associated with the temperature of the catalyst (e.g., a predicted temperature). The predicted temperature represents the temperature of the catalyst within a predetermined time period based on a time constant or after a predetermined duration. The predicted temperature can be related to an estimated ammonia storage amount (e.g., a subsequent ammonia storage capacity). Based on the estimated ammonia storage amount and based on the predicted temperature, the controller 100 determines whether to adjust the current ammonia storage. For example, if the predicted catalyst temperature is not greater than an upper threshold or not less than a lower threshold (e.g., + / - 10 degrees Celsius, 20 degrees Celsius, etc.), the ammonia storage may not need to be adjusted. Otherwise, the ammonia storage can be adjusted based on the storage capacity associated with the predicted temperature of the SCR catalyst 50. Figure 5 In the example, the current θ represents the deviation between the amount of ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst 50 and the predicted storage capacity associated with the predicted temperature of the SCR catalyst 50, indicating the adjustment of ammonia storage. By satisfying the threshold (e.g., the stored ammonia (or the current θ) is greater than the threshold or less than the threshold), the controller 100 determines to adjust the ammonia storage. Otherwise, if the threshold is not satisfied, the controller 100 determines to maintain the ammonia storage (e.g., the ammonia storage is at a reductant level corresponding to the predicted catalyst temperature).

[0075] In various implementations, the controller 100 may determine the current ammonia storage (e.g., the amount of ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst 50) and / or estimate the ammonia storage based on one or more sensors (e.g., virtual and / or physical sensors). For example, the SCR catalyst 50 may include one or more sensors configured to directly measure the amount of ammonia stored. The controller 100 receives a signal from the one or more sensors having information about the amount of ammonia stored. In another example, the controller 100 may determine the current ammonia storage based on historical data measured by the sensors. For example, the aftertreatment system 22 includes at least one sensor upstream of the SCR catalyst 50 and at least one sensor downstream of the SCR catalyst 50. One upstream sensor is configured to measure the amount of ammonia injected into the SCR catalyst 50. Another upstream sensor is configured to measure the amount of byproducts (e.g., NOx) from the engine 20. One or more downstream sensors are configured to measure the amount of ammonia (if any) emitted from the SCR catalyst 50, and the amount of engine byproducts (if any) emitted after passing through the SCR catalyst 50 (or the conversion rate of the SCR catalyst 50). Based on the input and output information of the SCR catalyst 50 from the sensors, the controller 100 determines the amount of ammonia currently stored, which may be calculated using a virtual sensor.

[0076] Using at least the current θ (e.g., the current level of stored ammonia), the predicted temperature, and the time constant, the controller 100 determines when to adjust ammonia storage. For example, when the catalyst reaches the predicted temperature, the controller 100 uses the predicted temperature to determine at least the maximum storage capacity of the catalyst. The controller 100 uses the time constant to determine the duration until the current catalyst temperature reaches the predicted temperature. When the time constant is relatively low or small (e.g., high exhaust flow conditions, or when the current temperature will reach the predicted temperature within a relatively short predetermined time (such as 5 seconds, 10 seconds, etc.)), the controller 1 00 triggers the storage adjustment operation. In addition, when the current amount of stored ammonia exceeds the storage capacity, the controller 100 triggers the storage adjustment operation. In some embodiments, the controller 100 triggers the ammonia storage adjustment operation when any individual condition is met (e.g., low time constant or stored ammonia exceeds capacity), or in response to all conditions being met. The controller 100 triggers the storage adjustment operation by enabling a flag or indicator (e.g., a calibration flag, an ammonia injection flag, etc.).

[0077] In process 508, the controller 100 uses the current amount of stored ammonia to determine an adjustment to ammonia storage to meet (e.g., meet or attempt to meet) an ammonia storage target. For example, when a flag for adjusting ammonia storage is enabled, the controller 100 (e.g., the correction circuit 110) determines an adjustment amount (e.g., a correction amount) to ammonia storage. In addition, the controller 100 uses the time constant to determine a duration for adjusting ammonia storage (e.g., a duration for performing a dosing operation) or when to adjust storage (e.g., a duration until a dosing operation is performed). For example, if the time constant is 500 seconds and the predetermined adjustment time is 100 seconds, the controller 100 may send a signal to at least one of the ammonia doser or the engine after 400 seconds to increase or decrease (or otherwise adjust) ammonia storage, respectively. In various implementations, the controller 100 may send a signal to adjust ammonia storage for a duration until the temperature of the SCR catalyst 50 reaches a predicted temperature based on the time constant. In this case, the time constant (e.g., a temperature change per second or per minute) may represent a duration until the current catalyst temperature reaches the predicted temperature. Adjustment may be performed gradually, continuously, intermittently, at predetermined intervals, increasing or decreasing at various rates, and the like.

[0078] In process 510, the controller 100 (e.g., the correction circuit 110) uses or summarizes the correction amount (e.g., the amount of ammonia increased or decreased) and the catalyst-based theta target (e.g., the ammonia storage target). The ammonia storage target (e.g., the theta target) is based on a predicted temperature of the catalyst related to the storage capacity and is used to determine the ammonia storage adjustment. After determining the theta target based on the predicted temperature and the correction amount, the controller 100 (e.g., the ammonia storage controller) adjusts the ammonia storage based on the received ammonia information that meets the ammonia value threshold for a duration (e.g., a predetermined duration to reach a temperature or time constant). In some cases, one or more parts of the controller 100 can be adjusted (e.g., by feeding forward an ammonia to NOx ratio (ANR), etc.) to perform the ammonia storage adjustment.

[0079] In various implementations, the controller 100 (e.g., the correction circuit 110) adjusts ammonia storage based on the capacity of the catalyst, such as a maximum amount of ammonia at a predicted temperature, or based on a desired amount of ammonia storage (e.g., a minimum amount of ammonia) to achieve a desired conversion efficiency of the SCR catalyst 50. In some implementations, the controller 100 adjusts ammonia storage by increasing ammonia storage based on ammonia information (e.g., stored ammonia) that is less than a threshold ammonia value associated with the catalyst temperature (e.g., an increase in ammonia storage capacity). In some other implementations, the controller 100 adjusts ammonia storage by decreasing ammonia storage based on ammonia information that is greater than a threshold ammonia value associated with the catalyst temperature (e.g., a decrease in ammonia storage capacity). The controller 100 increases ammonia storage by initiating reductant injection and decreases ammonia storage by increasing engine-out NOx.

[0080] Reference now Figure 6 , Figure 6 A flow chart of a method 600 for managing ammonia emissions in the aftertreatment system 22 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The method 600 may be performed by Figure 1 to Figure 2 The components of the method 600 are performed so that they can be referenced to help explain the method 600. The method 600 may include one or more features or processes similar to the method 500, such as in combination with but not limited to Figure 5 As discussed below, method 600 includes processes 602, 604, 606, 608, and 610, as well as other processes (or other operations) for managing ammonia storage in aftertreatment system 22. In various implementations, certain processes may be performed before or after each other, such as process 604 before process 602, etc.

[0081] At process 602, the controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) receives temperature data indicating a temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22. The controller 100 may receive the temperature data from one or more temperature sensors (e.g., the temperature sensors 16, 18) located near the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22, as well as other locations.

[0082] At process 604, the controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) determines the temperature of the catalyst (e.g., the SCR catalyst 50 or other type of catalyst) after a predetermined duration of time after the received temperature data based on the temperature data regarding the temperature near the inlet of the aftertreatment system 22. The determined temperature may correspond to a predicted temperature after a predetermined duration of time has passed from the time point of the received temperature data. For example, in response to receiving the temperature data, the controller 100 may determine the temperature of the catalyst after 15 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, etc. The temperature of the catalyst may refer to or correspond to a bed temperature of the catalyst.

[0083] In some embodiments, to determine the temperature of the catalyst, the controller 100 may determine a duration for the current temperature of the catalyst to reach a predicted temperature of the catalyst based on temperature data about a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system, the predicted temperature satisfying a temperature threshold to adjust reductant storage. The current temperature of the catalyst may refer to a temperature near a point in time when the temperature data is received. The predicted temperature may be a temperature that satisfies a temperature threshold for adjusting reductant storage, such as a temperature described in connection with, but not limited to, process 610.

[0084] At process 606, the controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) receives reductant information regarding an estimated amount of reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system 22. The portion of the aftertreatment system 22 may be, for example, around or at a catalyst of the aftertreatment system. At process 608, the controller 100 (e.g., the prediction circuit 109) determines whether the reductant information satisfies a threshold (e.g., a reductant threshold). If the reductant information satisfies the threshold, the controller 100 may proceed to process 610 and initiate adjustment of reductant storage. For example, the controller 100 may determine that the received reductant information regarding the estimated amount of stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, which corresponds to a temperature of the catalyst. In response to the determination, the controller 100 proceeds to process 610. Otherwise, in response to determining that the reductant information does not satisfy the reductant threshold, the controller 100 proceeds to process 602, such as continuing to monitor or receive temperature data.

[0085] At process 610, the controller 100 (e.g., the dosing circuit 108, the correction circuit 110, or other circuit) adjusts the reductant storage in the aftertreatment system 22 for a predetermined duration based on the received reductant information that satisfies the reductant threshold. For example, in response to determining that the current temperature of the catalyst reaches a predicted temperature of the catalyst for a duration, wherein the predicted temperature satisfies the temperature threshold for adjusting the reductant storage, the controller 100 may adjust the reductant storage based on the reductant capacity of the catalyst associated with the predicted temperature for the duration. The reductant capacity may correspond to a maximum reductant amount or a minimum reductant amount to be adjusted for the duration.

[0086] In some embodiments, to adjust the reductant storage, the controller 100 may increase the reductant storage based on the reductant information being less than a reductant threshold associated with the catalyst temperature, or decrease the reductant storage based on the reductant signal being greater than or equal to a reductant threshold associated with the catalyst temperature. In some embodiments, to adjust the reductant storage, the controller 100 (e.g., the dosing circuit 108) may send a signal to the doser 56 to increase, decrease, or maintain the reductant dosing level.

[0087] In some embodiments, to adjust the reductant storage, the controller 100 may adjust the reductant storage in the aftertreatment system based on the received reductant information and the exhaust flow rate that meet the reductant threshold within a predetermined duration. For example, when the exhaust flow rate is less than a predetermined minimum threshold, the controller 100 may maintain the reductant storage. In another example, when the exhaust flow rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined maximum threshold, the controller 100 may increase the reductant storage.

[0088] In some embodiments, the controller 100 (eg, the aging circuit 111) may receive degradation information of the catalyst. Based on the degradation information, the controller may receive an indication of a storage capacity associated with reductant storage. For example, the storage capacity may be used by the controller 100 to adjust the reductant storage.

[0089] It should be understood that no claim element herein shall be interpreted under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the element expressly uses the word "means". The above schematic flow charts and method diagrams are generally presented in the form of logical flow charts. Therefore, the depicted order and labeled steps represent representative embodiments. Other steps, sequences and methods that are equivalent in function, logic or effect to one or more steps or parts thereof of the method shown in the schematic diagram can be envisioned. In addition, in this specification, references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiment" or similar expressions mean that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the appearance of phrases such as "in one embodiment", "in an embodiment", "in an exemplary embodiment" and similar expressions throughout this specification may, but not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.

[0090] In addition, the format and symbols used are used to explain the logical steps of the schematic diagram and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the method shown in the drawings. Although various arrow types and line types can be used in the schematic diagram, it should be understood that they do not limit the scope of the corresponding method. In fact, some arrows or other connectors can be used to indicate only the logical flow of the method. For example, an arrow can indicate a waiting or monitoring period of unspecified duration between the enumerated steps of the described method. In addition, the order in which a particular method occurs may or may not strictly follow the order of the corresponding steps shown. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagram and / or flow chart and the combination of blocks in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or a combination of dedicated hardware and program code.

[0091] Many of the functional units described in this specification are labeled as circuits in order to more particularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a circuit can be implemented as a hardware circuit, including custom very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A circuit can also be implemented in a programmable hardware device, such as a field programmable gate array, programmable array logic, a programmable logic device, etc.

[0092] As mentioned above, the circuits may also be implemented in a machine-readable medium for execution by various types of processors, e.g. Figure 2 processor 102. For example, the identified circuit of the executable code may include one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may be organized, for example, as objects, procedures, or functions. However, the executable file of the identified circuit need not be physically located together, but may include different instructions stored in different locations, which, when logically connected together, constitute the circuit and achieve the intended purpose of the circuit. In fact, the circuit of the computer readable program code may be a single instruction or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, between different programs, and on several storage devices. Similarly, operating data may be identified and shown within the circuit, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized in any suitable type of data structure. The operating data may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed in different locations, including different storage devices, and may exist at least in part only as electronic signals on a system or network.

[0093] A computer-readable medium (also referred to herein as a machine-readable medium or machine-readable content) may be a tangible computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-readable program code. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, holographic, micromechanical, or semiconductor system, device, or apparatus, or any suitable combination thereof. As described above, examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc (DVD), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a holographic storage medium, a micromechanical storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the context of this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that may contain and / or store computer-readable program code for use by and / or associated with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus.

[0094] Computer-readable media may also be computer-readable signal media. Computer-readable signal media may include propagated data signals containing computer-readable program code, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such propagated signals may take any of a variety of forms, including but not limited to electrical, electromagnetic, magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may be any computer-readable medium that is not a computer-readable storage medium and can communicate, propagate, or transmit computer-readable program code for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus. As described above, the computer-readable program code contained on the computer-readable signal medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above-mentioned media. In one embodiment, the computer-readable medium may include a combination of one or more computer-readable storage media and one or more computer-readable signal media. For example, the computer-readable program code may be transmitted as an electromagnetic signal through an optical fiber cable for execution by a processor, or may be stored on a RAM storage device for execution by a processor.

[0095] The computer readable program code for performing the operations of various aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, etc., and traditional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program code may be executed entirely on a local computer (e.g., Figure 1 and 2), partly on the local computer as a stand-alone computer-readable package, partly on the local computer, partly on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0096] The program code may also be stored in a computer-readable medium, which may instruct a computer, other programmable data processing device, or other device to operate in a specific manner so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium generate a product that includes implementing the functions / actions specified by one or more blocks in the schematic flowchart and / or schematic block diagram.

[0097] Therefore, the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative only and not restrictive. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the above description. All changes within the equivalent meaning and scope of the claims should be included within their scope.

Claims

1. A system, characterized in that: include: a post-treatment system, the post-treatment system comprising a catalyst; a controller coupled to at least the aftertreatment system, the controller being configured to: receiving temperature data indicative of a temperature proximate an inlet of the aftertreatment system; determining a temperature of the catalyst based on temperature data regarding a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system a predetermined duration of time after the received temperature data; receiving estimated reductant information regarding reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system; determining that the received estimated reductant information regarding the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, the reductant threshold corresponding to a temperature of the catalyst; and Reductant storage in the aftertreatment system is adjusted based on the received reductant information satisfying a reductant threshold for a predetermined duration.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that To determine the temperature of the catalyst, the controller is further configured to: determining, based on temperature data regarding a temperature proximate an inlet of the aftertreatment system, a duration for a current temperature of the catalyst to reach a predicted temperature of the catalyst that satisfies a temperature threshold to regulate the reductant storage; and The reductant storage is adjusted based on a reductant capacity of the catalyst related to the predicted temperature during the duration.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The reducing agent capacity corresponds to the maximum reducing agent quantity to be adjusted within the duration.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The reducing agent capacity corresponds to a minimum reducing agent quantity to be adjusted within the duration.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that In order to adjust the reductant storage amount, the controller is configured to: Reductant storage is increased based on the reductant information being less than a reductant threshold associated with a temperature of the catalyst.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that In order to adjust the reductant storage amount, the controller is configured to: Reductant storage is reduced based on the reductant information being greater than or equal to a reductant threshold associated with a temperature of the catalyst.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that To regulate the reductant storage, the controller is configured to: Sends a signal to the doser to increase, decrease or maintain the reducing agent dosing level.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that To regulate the reductant storage, the controller is configured to: Reductant storage in the aftertreatment system is adjusted based on the received reductant information and the exhaust flow rate satisfying the reductant threshold for a predetermined duration.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The controller is configured to: When the exhaust flow is less than a predetermined minimum threshold, reductant storage is maintained.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The controller is configured to: When the exhaust flow is greater than or equal to a predetermined maximum threshold, reductant storage is increased.

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The temperature of the catalyst is the bed temperature of the catalyst.

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The controller is configured to: receiving degradation information of the catalyst; and Based on the degradation information, an indication of a storage capacity associated with the reductant storage is received, wherein the reductant storage is adjusted based on the storage capacity.

13. A method, characterized in that include: receiving, by a controller coupled to an aftertreatment system including a catalyst, temperature data indicative of a temperature proximate an inlet of the aftertreatment system; determining, by the controller, a temperature of the catalyst after a predetermined duration of time has elapsed following the received temperature data based on temperature data regarding a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system; receiving, by the controller, estimated reductant information regarding reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system; determining, by the controller, that the received estimated reductant information regarding the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, the reductant threshold corresponding to a temperature of the catalyst; and Reductant storage in the aftertreatment system is adjusted, by the controller, for a predetermined duration based on the received reductant information satisfying a reductant threshold.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that Determining the temperature of the catalyst comprises: determining, by the controller, based on temperature data regarding a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system, a duration for a current temperature of the catalyst to reach a predicted temperature of the catalyst that satisfies a temperature threshold to regulate the reductant storage; and The reductant storage is adjusted, by the controller, during the duration based on a reductant capacity of the catalyst associated with the predicted temperature.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The reducing agent capacity corresponds to the maximum reducing agent quantity to be adjusted within the duration.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The reducing agent capacity corresponds to a minimum reducing agent quantity to be adjusted within the duration.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that Adjusting the reductant storage includes: Reductant storage is increased based on the reductant information being less than a reductant threshold associated with a temperature of the catalyst.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that Adjusting the reductant storage includes: Reductant storage is reduced based on the reductant information being greater than or equal to a reductant threshold associated with a temperature of the catalyst.

19. A processing circuit configured to manage a reductant leak in an aftertreatment system, the processing circuit comprising: one or more processors; and One or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more processors to: receiving temperature data indicative of a temperature proximate an inlet of the aftertreatment system; determining a temperature of the catalyst based on temperature data regarding a temperature near an inlet of the aftertreatment system a predetermined duration of time after the received temperature data; receiving estimated reductant information regarding reductant stored in a portion of the aftertreatment system; determining that the received estimated reductant information regarding the stored reductant satisfies a reductant threshold, the reductant threshold corresponding to a temperature of the catalyst; and Reductant storage in the aftertreatment system is adjusted based on the received reductant information satisfying the reductant threshold for a predetermined duration.

20. The processing circuit according to claim 19, characterized in that To regulate reductant storage, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to: Sends a signal to the doser to increase, decrease or maintain the reducing agent dosing level.

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