Battery module

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module. The battery module of the present invention comprises: a case which accommodates a plurality of battery cells therein and has a vent hole part formed therein; a top cover part which is movably installed on the housing so as to open / close the exhaust hole part; an elastic member mounted to apply an elastic force to the top cover portion in a direction in which the top cover portion opens the exhaust hole portion; and a stopper that supports the top cover portion such that the top cover portion maintains a closed state of the vent hole portion and loses a force supporting the top cover portion due to a change in temperature or pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0106032 filed on August 24, 2022, and all contents disclosed in the document of this patent application are included as a part of this specification.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery module capable of improving the discharge performance of heat energy, suppressing the increase of internal pressure, and reducing the possibility of fire. Background Art

[0003] Generally, a secondary battery includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, and uses a chemical reaction to generate electrical energy. Due to the advantage of being able to charge and discharge, the use of secondary batteries has gradually increased. Since lithium secondary batteries in such secondary batteries have a high energy density per unit weight, lithium secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for electronic communication devices or as driving sources for high-output hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0004] In terms of the shapes of these secondary batteries, there is an increasing demand for square secondary batteries and pouch-shaped secondary batteries, which can be applied to products such as mobile phones due to their thin thickness. In terms of the materials of the secondary batteries, there is an increasing demand for lithium secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries and lithium ion polymer batteries having high energy density, discharge voltage and output stability.

[0005] The battery module of the secondary battery has a plurality of pouch-shaped cells housed in a housing. The pouch-shaped cells are manufactured by housing an electrode laminate in the pouch and sealing the pouch. Electrode leads are connected to the electrode laminate, and the electrode leads protrude to the outside of the pouch. A plurality of bus bars are mounted on the front and rear sides of the housing, and two or more electrode leads are welded to each bus bar. A plurality of bus bars are arranged in a row on the front and rear sides of the housing.

[0006] Multiple battery modules can be installed in a vehicle or large equipment. Since multiple pouch-shaped cells are housed in the housing of the battery module, overheating or fire of one pouch-shaped cell may cause other pouch-shaped cells in the housing to catch fire or explode one after another. Insulating materials can be interposed between the pouch-shaped cells to delay or prevent the fire or explosion of the battery module. In addition, various cooling structures can be used to suppress overheating of the pouch-shaped cells.

[0007] Conventional battery modules are manufactured into a structure surrounded by an almost sealed housing. Therefore, due to the difficulty in discharging heat energy, overheating or fire of some of the pouch-shaped cells housed in the housing can quickly accelerate the fire or explosion of the battery module. In addition, a rapid increase in the internal pressure of the housing can also accelerate the explosion of the battery module.

[0008] The battery module disclosed in Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2020-0030964 (published on March 23, 2020, entitled "Battery Module Including Heat Shrink Tube") includes a heat shrink tube used as a module housing and a heat sink, thereby improving cooling efficiency. However, since the battery module also has a structure in which the housing seals the battery module, there may be limitations in delaying overheating or ignition of the pouch-shaped battery cells in the housing. Summary of the invention

[0009] Technical issues

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery module that can improve the discharge performance of thermal energy.

[0011] An object of the present invention is to provide a battery module that can suppress an increase in internal pressure.

[0012] An object of the present invention is to provide a battery module that can reduce the possibility of fire.

[0013] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned purpose, and other purposes and advantages of the present invention that are not described can be understood by the following description and will be more clearly understood by the examples of the present invention. In addition, it is obvious that the purposes and advantages of the present invention can be achieved by the means indicated in the claims and their combinations.

[0014] Technical Solution

[0015] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention may be applied to a battery module having a case in which a plurality of battery cells are accommodated.

[0016] The battery module includes a housing defining a predetermined internal space, and a plurality of battery cells may be accommodated in the internal space.

[0017] The housing is provided with a vent hole portion, and the inner space and the outer space of the housing can be communicated through the vent hole portion.

[0018] One or more vent portions may be provided.

[0019] The housing is provided with a top cover portion movably mounted thereon.

[0020] The top cover portion may be mounted to be movable between at least a first position and a second position.

[0021] The top cover portion may be movably mounted on the housing to open and close the exhaust hole portion.

[0022] The top cover portion may cover at least a portion of the exhaust hole portion.

[0023] The opening degree of the exhaust hole portion when the top cover portion is in the second position is greater than the opening degree of the exhaust hole portion when the top cover portion is in the first position.

[0024] As the top cover portion moves from the first position to the second position, the opening degree of the exhaust hole portion may become larger.

[0025] One or more top cover portions may be provided.

[0026] The first top cover portion may cover a first region of the vent portion, and the second top cover portion may cover a second region of the vent portion.

[0027] The first region and the second region may not overlap each other. Alternatively, the first region and the second region may partially overlap each other.

[0028] The movement of the top cover portion may include at least one of a rotational movement and a translational movement.

[0029] Rotational movement and translational movement occur individually or simultaneously.

[0030] The central axis of the rotational movement can be maintained at a predetermined position or moved.

[0031] The battery module includes an elastic member applying elastic force to the top cover portion so that the top cover portion moves from a first position to a second position.

[0032] The elastic member may apply an elastic force to the top cover portion in a direction in which the top cover portion opens the exhaust hole portion.

[0033] When the top cover portion moves from the first position to the second position, the elastic force applied to the top cover portion by the elastic member may be further reduced.

[0034] For example, the elastic member may be a solid spring such as a coil spring, a torsion spring, a leaf spring, and a disc spring, or a gas spring such as a gas spring.

[0035] The battery module includes a stopper that prevents the top cover portion from moving from the first position to the second position.

[0036] The stopper may support the top cover portion or the elastic member.

[0037] The stopper may support the top cover portion to keep the vent portion closed.

[0038] The holding capacity of the stopper may be weakened or lost due to changes in temperature or pressure.

[0039] The support capability of the stop may decrease as the temperature increases.

[0040] When a predetermined temperature is exceeded, the stopper may lose its supporting capacity.

[0041] The support capacity of the stopper may decrease as the internal pressure of the housing increases.

[0042] When a predetermined pressure is exceeded, the stopper may lose its supporting capacity.

[0043] The exhaust hole portion may be provided on an upper surface or a side surface of the housing.

[0044] The top cover portion may be slidably mounted on an upper surface or a side surface of the housing.

[0045] The stopper may include a material that thermally decomposes at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature so that its rigidity decreases.

[0046] The stopper may include a material that melts at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature so that its rigidity decreases.

[0047] The elastic force applied to the top cover portion by the elastic member may decrease as the top cover portion opens.

[0048] The elastic member may be installed on the top cover portion and the housing in an extended state, and the stopper may support the top cover portion to prevent the elastic member from contracting.

[0049] The top cover parts may be installed in pairs to slide to opposite sides along the length direction of the housing.

[0050] The elastic members may be installed in pairs to apply elastic forces to the paired top cover portions, respectively.

[0051] The top cover portion may be installed to be movable along a length direction of the housing, and the elastic member may be arranged in parallel with the length direction of the housing.

[0052] The top cover portion may be installed to be movable in a width direction of the housing, and the elastic member may be arranged in parallel with the width direction of the housing.

[0053] Beneficial Effects

[0054] According to the present invention, when the internal temperature or internal pressure of the housing is equal to or higher than the preset temperature or preset pressure, the contraction force of the elastic member increases to be greater than the rigidity of the stopper. Therefore, when the stopper loses its ability to support the top cover portion, the elastic member can move the top cover portion to open the vent portion.

[0055] According to the present invention, when the top cover portion moves by the elastic force of the elastic member to open the vent hole portion, an increase in temperature or pressure due to overheating or ignition of the battery cell can be delayed.

[0056] According to the present invention, when the vent hole portion is opened when the battery cell catches fire, heat energy or flame inside the case can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0057] According to the present invention, a rapid increase in temperature or pressure inside the case can be suppressed, and explosion of the battery module can be delayed.

[0058] In addition to the above-mentioned beneficial effects, specific effects of the present invention will be further described while describing specific details of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 It is schematically shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a battery module.

[0061] Figure 3 It is schematically shown Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of a state in which a top cover portion of a battery module is moved to open a vent hole portion.

[0062] Figure 4 It is schematically shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a state in which a top cover portion of a battery module is moved to open a vent hole portion.

[0063] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention.

[0064] Figure 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a third embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention.

[0065] Figure 7 It is schematically shown Figure 6 sectional view of a third embodiment of a battery module.

[0066] Description of Reference Numerals

[0067] 100: battery module; 110: battery cell; 112: electrode lead; 120: housing; 121: upper surface; 122: side surface; 123: exhaust hole; 125: support member; 130: top cover; 132: fixing portion; 140: elastic member; 150: stopper DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and various changes can be applied and can be realized in various different forms. The embodiments herein are only provided to make the disclosure of the present invention complete and fully inform the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and it should be understood that the present invention includes all changes and equivalents covered in the technical spirit and scope of the present invention, and the replacement or addition of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment.

[0070] The accompanying drawings are only used to facilitate understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein, and it should be understood that the technical concept disclosed herein is not limited by the accompanying drawings, and covers all changes, equivalents and substitutions of the spirit and technical scope of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings, although the size or thickness of the components may be exaggeratedly larger or smaller for ease of understanding, etc., this should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] The terms used herein are only used to describe specific embodiments or examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, expressions in the singular include expressions in the plural, unless the context clearly specifies otherwise. In this article, terms such as "including" and "consisting of" are intended to indicate the presence of features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification. That is, it should be understood that terms such as "including", "consisting of" used herein should not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0072] Although terms including ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" may be used to describe various components, the components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0073] It should be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected to” or “in contact with” another element, the element may be directly connected to the other element or an intervening element may exist therebetween. On the other hand, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected to” or “in direct contact with” another element, it should be understood that there are no intervening elements therebetween.

[0074] When an element is referred to as being 'on' or "under" another element, it should be understood that the element is directly on or under the other element and intervening elements may be present therebetween.

[0075] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical or scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and unless explicitly defined herein, terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense.

[0076] Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention will be described.

[0077] Figure 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention, Figure 2 It is schematically shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a battery module. Figure 3 It is schematically shown Figure 1 A perspective view of a state in which the top cover portion of the battery module is moved to open the exhaust hole portion, Figure 4 It is schematically shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a state in which a top cover portion of a battery module is moved to open a vent hole portion.

[0078] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , the battery module 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a case 120 , a top cover portion 130 , an elastic member 140 , and a stopper 150 .

[0079] The housing 120 accommodates a plurality of battery cells 110 therein. In the housing 120, a vent portion 123 connecting an inner space and an outer space of the housing 120 is provided. The housing 120 may be made of a non-conductive synthetic resin material. The housing 120 may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module 100 taken along the length direction of the battery module 100 .

[0080] The housing 120 may include a metal material or a composite material.

[0081] The vent hole portion 123 may be provided in various shapes such as a rectangular shape, a long hole shape, and a circular shape in the housing 120. The size of the vent hole portion 123 may vary according to the size of the housing 120, the capacity of the battery module 100, etc. In the drawings, although the vent hole portion 123 is shown as a single large hole for ease of understanding, the vent hole portion 123 may have a form in which a plurality of holes are spaced apart in a grid or matrix arrangement.

[0082] The battery cell 110 may have a structure in which an electrode laminate (not shown) is contained in a bag (not shown). For example, an electrode laminate may be manufactured by stacking a cathode, a separator, an anode, and a separator in sequence. In addition, an electrolyte is contained inside the battery cell 110. A plurality of electrode leads 112 protrude from both sides of a plurality of battery cells 110, and a plurality of electrode leads 112 are connected to a bus bar (not shown). The arrangement of the electrode leads 112 and the bus bar is not limited thereto. For example, a pair of electrode leads 112 may both protrude from one side of the battery cell 110, and the bus bar may be arranged on one side of the battery module 100 accordingly.

[0083] The plurality of battery cells 110 may be arranged in a row with a slight space therebetween.

[0084] An elastic panel (not shown) may be interposed between the plurality of battery cells 110. Therefore, even when expansion of the battery cells 110 occurs, the elastic panel is compressed to complement the expansion, and expansion of the battery cells 110 due to the expansion may be absorbed.

[0085] An insulating panel (not shown) may be interposed between the plurality of battery cells 110. The insulating panel is used to block heat transfer to adjacent battery cells 110 and delay ignition time. One or two or more battery cells 110 may be placed between two adjacent insulating panels to form a group.

[0086] An insulating cover (not shown) may be installed to cover the outer side surface 122 of the battery cell 110. The insulating panel or insulating cover may be made of a polyimide film. The insulating cover may be installed to surround each battery cell 110, each group, or the entirety of the stacked battery cells 110.

[0087] The top cover 130 is movably mounted on the housing 120 to open and close the exhaust hole portion 123. The top cover 130 is larger than the exhaust hole portion 123 so as to completely cover the exhaust hole portion 123. The top cover 130 may have a square plate shape or a shape that covers a portion of the side surface 122 and the upper surface 121 of the housing 120. The top cover 130 may be made of a non-conductive synthetic resin material. The top cover 130 may have various shapes as long as it covers the exhaust hole portion 123.

[0088] A separate sealing member (not shown) may be installed between the top cover portion 130 and the housing 120 to seal the inside of the housing 120 .

[0089] The elastic member 140 is installed to apply elastic force to the top cover portion 130 in a direction that causes the top cover portion 130 to open the vent hole portion 123. Therefore, the direction of the elastic member 140 may be changed according to the direction in which the top cover portion 130 is opened.

[0090] A coil spring that can expand and contract in the length direction may be used as the elastic member 140. However, it is apparent that the elastic member 140 does not necessarily have to be a coil spring.

[0091] The stopper 150 supports the top cover portion 130 so that the top cover portion 130 keeps the vent hole portion 123 closed, and loses support for the top cover portion 130 as temperature or pressure changes.

[0092] For example, when exceeding a critical temperature, the rigidity of the stopper 150 may be reduced or melting of the stopper 150 may begin, thereby losing support for the top cover portion 130. The critical temperature may be, for example, 150 degrees Celsius to 300 degrees Celsius.

[0093] For example, when the internal pressure of the housing 120 exceeds the critical pressure, the stopper 150 may be deformed and lose its ability to support the top cover portion 130. To this end, the stopper 150 may have a thin and wide structure so that sufficient rigidity in the direction of supporting the top cover portion 130 is obtained while being relatively easily deformed by pressure. For example, as the internal pressure of the housing 120 increases, the stopper 150 is deformed, and thus the anti-buckling force of the stopper 150 against the elastic force of the elastic member 140 may be reduced. The critical temperature may be, for example, twice the atmospheric pressure.

[0094] One end of the stopper 150 is fixed to the top cover portion 130, and the other end of the stopper 150 is fixed to the housing 120. When the temperature is lower than a preset temperature and the pressure is lower than a preset pressure, the rigidity of the stopper 150 of the embodiment is greater than the elastic force of the elastic member 140. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than a preset temperature and the pressure is higher than a preset pressure, the rigidity of the stopper 150 is lower than the elastic force of the elastic member 140, so that the stopper 150 is deformed. The temperature or pressure at which the stopper 150 loses its supporting ability to the top cover portion 130 may vary according to the material, thickness, and shape of the stopper 150.

[0095] The elastic coefficient of the elastic member 140 may be selected based on the temperature or pressure at which the stopper 150 loses its supporting ability.

[0096] A portion of the stopper 150 is supported by a support 125 constituting a portion of the housing 120. The support 125 supports the lower surface of the stopper 150 and prevents the stopper 150 from sagging. In addition, the support 125 can minimize vibration of the elastic member 140 due to external force when the vehicle is moving.

[0097] As described above, when the internal temperature or internal pressure of the housing 120 is equal to or greater than the preset temperature or preset pressure, the contraction force of the elastic member 140 increases to be greater than the rigidity of the stopper 150. At this time, the top cover portion is moved by the elastic force of the elastic member 140 to open the vent portion 123. Therefore, when the temperature or pressure increases due to overheating or fire of the battery cell 110 inside the housing 120, as the vent portion 123 is opened, the heat energy or flame inside the housing 120 can be quickly discharged to the outside. In addition, the rapid increase in temperature or pressure inside the housing 120 can be suppressed, and the explosion time of the battery module 100 can be extended.

[0098] The exhaust hole portion 123 is provided on the upper surface 121 or the side surface 122 of the housing 120, and the top cover portion 130 is slidably mounted on the upper surface 121 or the side surface 122 of the housing 120. The exhaust hole portion 123 and the top cover portion 130 may also be provided on the lower surface of the housing 120. The positions of the exhaust hole portion 123 and the top cover portion 130 may be appropriately changed in consideration of the possibility of causing harm to the driver when discharging heat energy or flames. The positions of the exhaust hole portion 123 and the top cover portion 130 may be appropriately designed in consideration of the possibility of damaging the vehicle, the installation position of the battery module 100, and the like.

[0099] The stopper 150 may be made of a material that is thermally decomposed at a temperature equal to or greater than a preset temperature, so that its rigidity is reduced. For example, on average, the lithium polymer battery module 100 explodes at about 170°C, and the lithium ion battery module 100 explodes at about 187°C. Polyethylene-based resins, polypropylene resins, and polyethylene resins undergo thermal changes at temperatures significantly lower than the above-mentioned explosion temperatures. Therefore, polyethylene-based resins, polypropylene resins, polyethylene resins, etc. may be used as materials for the stopper 150. In addition, the elastic coefficient of the elastic member 140 may be selected based on the rigidity reduced at the thermal decomposition temperature of the stopper 150.

[0100] In addition, the stopper 150 may be made of a material that melts at a temperature equal to or higher than a preset temperature, thereby reducing its rigidity. Even when the stopper 150 melts at a temperature equal to or higher than the preset temperature, the elastic member 140 can move the top cover portion 130. Therefore, it is sufficient that the material of the stopper 150 melts at a temperature equal to or higher than the preset temperature, and the material of the stopper 150 does not necessarily have to be a synthetic resin material.

[0101] As the top cover portion 130 is opened, the elastic force applied to the top cover portion 130 by the elastic member 140 decreases. That is, when the top cover portion 130 closes the vent portion 123, the elastic member 140 is stretched to its maximum length, wherein the elastic force of the elastic member 140 is at its maximum value. On the other hand, when the length of the elastic member 140 is gradually shortened as the top cover portion 130 is opened, the elastic force of the elastic member 140 is gradually reduced.

[0102] When the internal temperature or internal pressure of the housing 120 is lower than a preset temperature or preset pressure, the stopper 150 supports the top cover part 130 to prevent the elastic member 140 from contracting while the elastic member 140 is in an extended state at the top cover part 130 and the housing 120. However, when the internal temperature or internal pressure of the housing 120 is equal to or higher than the preset temperature or preset pressure, the stopper 150 contracts or deforms, causing the elastic member 140 to contract and move the top cover part 130.

[0103] The top cover parts 130 are installed in pairs to slide to opposite sides along the length direction of the housing 120. The elastic members 140 are also installed in pairs to apply elastic forces to the paired top cover parts 130, respectively. In addition, the elastic members 140 are installed to support the top cover parts 130 between each top cover part 130 and the stopper 150. Therefore, the vent hole part 123 provided in the housing 120 can be made larger. In addition, as the size of the battery module 100 increases, this structure can be applied.

[0104] In the drawings, the size of the top cover portion 130 is slightly exaggerated for ease of understanding. In the drawings, although the top cover portion 130 is shown as protruding laterally outward more than the battery module 100 when the top cover portion 130 is opened, the embodiment may vary according to the installation environment of the battery module 100. For example, it is apparent that when the top cover portion 130 is opened, the top cover portion 130 may not protrude further outward than the battery module 100.

[0105] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention.

[0106] Since the second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except for a configuration in which only one top cover portion is installed, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the same components and a description thereof will be omitted.

[0107] Reference Figure 5 , the top cover portion 130 is installed to be movable along the length direction of the housing 120 , and the elastic member 140 may be arranged in parallel with the length direction of the housing 120 .

[0108] The elastic member 140 is installed between the top cover part 130 and the stopper 150 to support the top cover part 130 .

[0109] The battery module 100 of this structure may be applied to a structure in which one side of the battery module 100 is blocked by a surrounding structure thereof in the length direction of the case 120 or in which the top cover part 130 is openable in only one direction.

[0110] In addition, when the exhaust hole portion 123 is small, the battery module 100 may be applied.

[0111] Figure 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a third embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention, Figure 7 It is schematically shown Figure 6 sectional view of a third embodiment of a battery module.

[0112] Since the third embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except for a configuration in which the top cover portion is moved in the width direction of the housing, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the same components and a description thereof will be omitted.

[0113] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the top cover portion 130 is installed to be movable along the width direction of the housing 120, and the elastic member 140 is arranged parallel to the width direction of the housing 120. Here, two top cover portions 130 or one top cover portion 130 may be installed to be movable along the width direction of the housing. The battery module 100 of this structure may be applied to a structure in which one side of the battery module 100 is blocked by its surrounding structure in the width direction of the housing 120, or in which the top cover portion 130 can be opened only in one direction. In addition, the battery module 100 may be applied when the exhaust hole portion 123 is small.

[0114] As described above, although the present invention has been described with reference to the example drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and drawings disclosed herein, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention. In addition, although the effects of the configuration according to the present invention are not explicitly described in the above description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be recognized that the effects predictable by the corresponding configurations.

Claims

1. A battery module, comprising: a housing in which a plurality of battery cells are housed and provided with a vent hole portion; a top cover portion movably mounted on the housing to open and close the exhaust hole portion; an elastic member installed to apply an elastic force to the top cover portion in a direction in which the exhaust hole portion is opened by the top cover portion; as well as a stopper that supports the top cover portion to keep the exhaust hole portion closed, Wherein, the support capability of the stopper with respect to the top cover portion is reduced at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature or at a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure.

2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The exhaust hole portion is provided on the upper surface or the side surface of the housing, and The top cover portion is slidably mounted on the upper surface or the side surface of the shell.

3. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The stopper includes a material that thermally decomposes at a temperature equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature to reduce the rigidity of the stopper.

4. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The stopper includes a material that melts at a temperature equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature to reduce the rigidity of the stopper.

5. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The elastic force applied to the top cover portion by the elastic member decreases as the top cover portion is opened.

6. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The elastic member is mounted on the top cover and the housing in an extended state, and The stopper supports the top cover portion to prevent the elastic member from shrinking.

7. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The top cover parts are installed in pairs to slide and move to opposite sides along the length direction of the housing.

8. The battery module according to claim 7, wherein: The elastic members are installed in pairs to apply the elastic force to the paired top cover portions, respectively.

9. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The top cover is installed to be movable along the length direction of the housing, and Wherein, the elastic member is arranged parallel to the length direction of the shell.

10. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein: The top cover is installed to be movable along the width direction of the housing, and Wherein, the elastic member is arranged parallel to the width direction of the housing.

11. A battery module, comprising: a housing in which a plurality of battery cells are housed and provided with a vent hole portion; A top cover portion, the top cover portion being movably mounted in the housing; an elastic member, the elastic member applying an elastic force to the top cover portion; as well as a stopper, the stopper resisting the elastic force to prevent the top cover portion from moving by the elastic force, The stopper has a resistance to the elastic force, and the resistance is reduced at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature or at a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure.

12. The battery module according to claim 11, wherein: The top cover portion is mounted to be movable between at least a first position and a second position, and Wherein, when the top cover portion is in the second position, the opening degree of the exhaust hole portion is greater than the opening degree of the exhaust hole portion when the top cover portion is in the first position.

13. The battery module according to claim 12, wherein: As the top cover portion moves from the first position to the second position, the opening degree of the exhaust hole portion becomes larger.

14. The battery module according to claim 12, wherein: The top cover portion includes a first top cover portion and a second top cover portion, and The first top cover portion covers a first area of ​​the exhaust hole portion when in the first position, and the second top cover portion covers a second area of ​​the exhaust hole portion when in the first position.

15. The battery module according to claim 14, wherein: The first region and the second region do not overlap each other.

16. The battery module according to claim 14, wherein: The first region and the second region partially overlap each other.

17. The battery module according to claim 11, wherein: The movement of the top cover portion includes at least one of a rotational movement and a translational movement.

18. The battery module according to claim 17, wherein: The rotational movement and the translational movement occur individually or simultaneously.

19. The battery module according to claim 11, wherein: The movement of the top cover portion includes a sliding movement along the length direction of the housing.

20. The battery module according to claim 11, wherein: The movement of the top cover portion includes a sliding movement along the width direction of the housing.

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