Rainwater-collecting planting method for peach trees in semi-arid region

Abstract

The invention provides a rain-collecting planting method for peach trees in a semi-arid area. The rain-collecting planting method comprises the following steps of land leveling, planting space planning, planting furrow digging and seedling shallow planting; digging the interior of each row to form two slope surfaces, forming a groove, and covering the slope surfaces with a mulching film or ground cloth; pruning, fertilizing, covering and topdressing management are carried out every year; the slope surface is widened year by year within the first five years after the peach trees are planted, the grooves are moved outwards, the gradient is reduced, and fertilization is conducted in the grooves every year. The planting method aims at effectively improving the growth result of peach trees under the seasonal water shortage condition. Compared with the prior art, the planting method has the advantages that natural rainfall is fully utilized, rainwater is effectively collected, evaporation is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the water-saving effect is remarkable; regular fertilization and slope surface adjustment are beneficial to improving the soil structure and improving the soil fertility; reasonable pruning and topdressing management are beneficial to keeping good growth and fruiting of the peach trees, and the yield and economic benefits are improved; the method is suitable for cultivation of peach trees and other fruit trees in semi-arid areas and has high adaptability and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of economic crop planting, and in particular to a rainwater collection and planting method for peach trees in semi-arid areas. Background Art

[0002] Semi-arid regions are short of water resources, with less rainfall in spring and summer, uneven annual rainfall distribution, and high cost and lack of irrigation water in traditional irrigation methods, which seriously affect the growth and yield of peach trees. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a peach planting method that can efficiently utilize natural precipitation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical limitations, the present application proposes a rainwater collection and planting method for peach trees in semi-arid areas; it overcomes the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: The invention of the present application is to provide a rainwater harvesting planting method for peach trees, comprising the following steps: leveling the land, planning the spacing between rows and plants, digging planting trenches and shallowly planting peach seedlings; digging the rows into two slopes, forming trenches and covering them with ground film or ground cloth; performing pruning, fertilizing, covering and topdressing management every year; widening the slope, moving the trench outward and reducing the slope year by year in the first five years after the peach trees are planted, and applying fertilizer in the trench every year.

[0005] Optionally, the above-mentioned peach tree rainwater collection planting method is suitable for semi-arid areas.

[0006] Optionally, the above-mentioned peach tree rainwater collection planting method specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Level the land, plan the row spacing, dig planting trenches, mix the base fertilizer with the topsoil and backfill, shallowly plant the peach seedlings in the planting trenches, and push the soil around the seedlings to form two slopes parallel to the row direction. The slopes are lower than the garden plane, that is, the overall slope within the seedling row is lower than the garden plane between the rows, and the trunks are basically level with the garden ground; S2. After the seedlings are planted, the row is divided into two slopes, with a width of 40-50 cm, and a groove is formed at the bottom of the slope. The groove width is 20-30 cm. The slope is parallel to the row direction and the slope is 8-12°. The slope is covered with plastic film or ground cloth at the trunk level with the ground between the rows. S3. Prune peach trees every winter and summer starting from the year of planting; S4. Remove the covering film or ground cloth every autumn, dig a fertilizer ditch at the bottom of the slope and apply base fertilizer. After fertilization, widen the slope by 8-12cm and restore the groove at the bottom of the slope; S5. Before the soil thaws in the spring of the following year, remove debris from the slope and continue to cover it with plastic film or gardening cloth; S6. In the growing season, before budding, after fruit thinning, and during the fruit expansion period after the hard core is hardened, remove the mulch or ground cloth and apply topdressing by applying topdressing fertilizer in holes on the slope surface, or remove the mulch on the slope surface before a heavy rain, spread quick-acting fertilizer on the slope surface, turn the slope surface shallowly, and continue to cover the mulch or ground cloth after the rain; S7. No irrigation will be carried out throughout the year after the seedlings are planted and survive; S8. In the first five years after the peach trees are planted, the slope surface is widened by 8-12cm each year in combination with the application of basal fertilizer in autumn. At the same time, the groove at the bottom of the slope moves outward year by year, and the slope decreases by 1° each year. After five years, the width of the slope surface remains unchanged, and fertilizer can be applied in the groove every year.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned rainwater collection planting method for peach trees, in step S1, the row spacing is 2×4-5m, the planting ditch width is 80-100cm, and the depth is 60-80cm; the mid-late-ripening peach varieties are varieties within the fruit development period of 90-140d.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned peach tree rainwater harvesting planting method, in step S2, the width of the single slope in the year after the saplings are planted is 40-50 cm, and then increases year by year, reaching a slope width of 100-120 cm after the peak fruit-bearing period.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned rain-collecting peach planting method, in step S3, the pruning time in winter is from leaf fall to before bud break, and the pruning time in summer is from after bud break to after fruit picking.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned rainwater harvesting planting method for peach trees, in step S4, the fertilizer ditch is located at the bottom of the slope in the row, with a width of 20-30 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm; the time for applying basal fertilizer is after fruit picking in autumn, and the basal fertilizer is selected as commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure, and the fertilizer application rate per unit area is 1.5-3 m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned peach tree rainwater harvesting planting method, in step S6, the topdressing type is selected as quick-acting chemical fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer; the timing of topdressing is to apply nitrogen fertilizer 20kg / 667m before budding. 2 ; Apply nitrogen fertilizer 15kg / 667m after fruit thinning 2 + Phosphate fertilizer 5kg / 667m 2 +Potassium fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 ; Apply phosphate fertilizer 10kg / 667m after hard core 2 +Potassium fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 .

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned rainwater collection planting method for peach trees, in step S8, the slope of the slope in the 5th year is 5°, the slope width is 80-120 cm, and remains unchanged thereafter; the method of applying basal fertilizer in autumn is: fertilizing in two fertilizer trenches, and after alternating every other year, digging a trench on one side of the fertilizer trench close to the row direction to apply basal fertilizer.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: The rainwater collection and planting method for peach trees in semi-arid areas provided by the present invention aims to improve the growth efficiency and fruit quality of peach trees in a water-deficient environment. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: 1. Significant water-saving effect: Through rainwater harvesting planting method, full use of natural precipitation is made, which reduces irrigation demand and production costs; 2. Improve soil fertility: Regular fertilization and slope adjustment can help improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and provide sufficient nutrients for peach tree growth; 3. Promote the growth of peach trees: Reasonable pruning and topdressing management can help maintain the good growth shape and fruit quality of peach trees, and increase yield and economic benefits; 4. After the slope is covered, the soil moisture is maintained, evaporation is reduced, weed growth is inhibited, moisture conservation and rainwater collection are achieved, and the labor required for weeding is reduced; 5. Strong adaptability: This method is suitable for semi-arid areas and has strong adaptability and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a rainwater harvesting planting method for peach trees in semi-arid areas in one embodiment of the present application.

[0015] Figure 2 Shown is a real-life schematic diagram of different dryland peach orchard row coverage modes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below. However, it should be understood that the description here is only used to explain the present application and is not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present application, and the terms used herein in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The reagents and instruments used herein are all commercially available, and the characterization means involved can refer to the relevant descriptions in the prior art, which will not be repeated herein.

[0018] In order to further understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the best embodiment.

[0019] Example 1 The rainwater collection and planting method for peach trees in semi-arid areas specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Level the land, plan the row spacing, dig planting trenches, shallowly plant the mid-late-ripening peach saplings in the planting trenches, and use the saplings as the center to push the soil to form two slopes parallel to the row direction. The slopes are generally lower than the garden plane, that is, the saplings in the row are generally lower than the garden plane, and the trunks are level with the garden ground between the rows; the row spacing is 2×4-5m, preferably 2×4.5m, the planting trench width is 80-100cm (preferably 90cm), and the depth is 60-80cm (preferably 70cm); mid-late-ripening peach varieties are those with a fruit development period of 90-140d; S2. After the seedlings are planted, the row is divided into two slopes with a width of 40-50cm (the width of the single slope in the year after the saplings are planted is 40-50cm, preferably 45cm, and then increases year by year, reaching a width of 100-120cm after the fruit-bearing period), a groove is formed at the bottom of the slope, the groove width is 20-30cm (preferably 25cm), the slope is parallel to the row direction, the slope is 8-12° (preferably 10°), the tree trunk is at the same height as the ground between the rows, and the slope is covered with plastic film or ground cloth; S3. Prune peach trees every winter and summer starting from the year of planting; the pruning time in winter is from leaf fall to bud break, and the pruning time in summer is from bud break to fruit picking; S4. Remove the covering film or ground cloth in autumn every year, dig a fertilizer ditch at the bottom of the slope and apply basal fertilizer. After fertilization, widen the slope by 8-12cm (preferably 10cm) to restore the groove at the bottom of the slope; the fertilizer ditch is located at the bottom of the slope in the row, with a width of 20-30cm (preferably 25cm) and a depth of 20-30cm (preferably 25cm); the time for basal fertilizer application is from the time of fruit picking to the time of leaf fall in autumn, and the basal fertilizer can be selected from commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure, and the amount of fertilizer per unit area is 1.5-3 m 3 / 667m 2 (Preferably 2m 3 / 667m 2 ); S5. Before the soil thaws in the spring of the following year, remove debris from the slope and continue to lay ground film or gardening cloth; S6. In the growing season, before budding, after fruit thinning and during the fruit expansion period after hardening, topdressing should be applied in the holes on the slopes. The covered mulch or ground cloth should be uncovered for topdressing. Alternatively, the mulch on the slopes should be uncovered before heavy rain, and quick-acting fertilizers should be spread on the slopes, and the slopes should be turned over shallowly. The mulch or ground cloth should be covered again after the rain. The topdressing type should be quick-acting chemical fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers. The timing of topdressing is to apply 20kg / 667m of nitrogen fertilizer before budding. 2 ; Apply nitrogen fertilizer 15kg / 667m after fruit thinning 2+ Phosphate fertilizer 5kg / 667m 2 +Potassium fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 ; Apply phosphate fertilizer 10kg / 667m after hard core 2 +Potassium fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 ; S7. No irrigation will be carried out throughout the year after the seedlings are planted and survive; S8. In the first five years after peach trees are planted, the slope is widened by 8-12cm (preferably 10cm) each year in combination with autumn basal fertilizer application. At the same time, the groove at the bottom of the slope moves outward year by year, and the slope decreases by 1° each year. In the fifth year, the slope is 5° and the slope width is 80-120cm (preferably 100cm). It remains unchanged thereafter. Fertilizer is applied in the groove every year. The method of applying basal fertilizer in autumn is: apply fertilizer in two fertilization grooves, and apply basal fertilizer by digging trenches on the side of the fertilization groove close to the row after alternating every other year.

[0020] Example 2 Test 1: Effects of slope mulching + small ditch rainwater collection on soil moisture content in dryland peach orchards: For three consecutive years (2021-2023), the soil moisture content at a depth of 0-60 cm at a distance of 100 cm from the tree trunk in the mulched peach orchard was measured from April to September every year. The average soil moisture content at a depth of 0-60 cm from April to September of the slope mulching + small ditch rainwater collection method and the control peach orchard are shown in Table 1 (reflecting the effect of mulching on the soil moisture content in dryland peach orchards).

[0021] Table 1 As shown in Table 1, from April to September of the growing season, the dryland peach orchard can effectively collect rainfall and reduce soil moisture evaporation through the method of in-row slope coverage + small ditch rain collection, ensuring that the soil moisture content in the main root distribution layer (60cm) of the peach orchard is above 15%, which is significantly higher than the 13% soil moisture content in the clean-cultivated peach orchard (control). From 2021 to 2022, the average soil moisture content at a soil depth of 0 to 60cm in the dryland mulched peach orchard from April to September was 17.05%, 16.41% and 16.29% higher than the control, respectively.

[0022] Test 2: Effects of slope mulching + small ditch rainwater collection cultivation method on soil moisture content and fruit quality of Longmi No. 9 peach in dryland peach orchard: The results of the effects of slope mulching + small ditch rainwater collection cultivation on soil moisture content and fruit quality in dryland peach orchards are shown in Table 2.

[0023] Table 2 As shown in Table 2, from March to June in the dry season of spring and summer, after the peach orchard adopted the slope covering + small ditch rain collection cultivation mode, the relative soil water content in the main distribution layer of the peach tree root system within 20~60cm was significantly higher than that of the control. In 2021 and 2022, the relative soil water content of the retroperitoneal peach orchard was above 65%, while that of the control clear-cultivation peach orchard was about 52%. After the dryland peach orchard adopted the in-row slope covering + small ditch rain collection cultivation mode, the soil water evaporation can be effectively reduced to achieve drought-resistant planting. At the same time, after the peach orchard was cultivated with film in the row, the average single fruit weight of Longmi No. 9 peach increased by 20.59% and 20.62% respectively compared with the control, the average per mu yield increased by 10.86% and 11.93% respectively, and the soluble solid content of the fruit increased by 0.9 and 1.3 percentage points respectively. The slope covering + small ditch rain collection cultivation has a significant effect on improving the yield and quality of dryland peach orchards. The main reason is that the film is covered before the soil thaws in spring, and the film is removed after the peach fruits are harvested in autumn, making full use of the characteristics of more rainfall and less evaporation in autumn and winter. At the same time, after the slope is covered, the rainfall can be effectively gathered in the small ditch, so that the soil in the garden can accumulate as much moisture as possible, and the film can be covered in time in spring, thereby reducing the evaporation and loss of water and fertilizer and reducing the impact of spring drought on production.

[0024] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rainwater collection and planting method for peach trees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Level the land, plan the spacing between rows and plants, dig planting trenches and shallowly plant peach seedlings; dig the row into two slopes to form trenches and cover the slopes with plastic film or ground cloth to conserve moisture and collect rainwater; carry out pruning, fertilizing, covering and topdressing management every year; in the first five years after the peach trees are planted, widen the slope year by year, move the trench outward and reduce the slope, and apply fertilizer in the trench every year.

2. The peach tree rainwater collection planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method is suitable for semi-arid areas.

3. The peach tree rainwater collection planting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Level the land, plan the row spacing to 2×4~5m, dig planting trenches (80~100cm wide, 60~80cm deep), shallowly plant the mid-late-ripening peach seedlings in the planting trenches, and push the soil on both sides to form a slope parallel to the row direction with the seedlings as the center. The slope is lower than the ground plane between the rows, that is, the slope inside the seedling row is lower than the ground plane, and the trunk is level with the ground between the rows; S2. After the seedlings are planted, the row is divided into two slopes with a width of 40-50 cm. A groove is formed at the bottom of the slope with a width of 20-30 cm. The slope is parallel to the row direction with a slope of 8-12°. The trunk is level with the ground between the rows. The slope is covered with mulch or ground cloth. S3. Prune peach trees every winter and summer starting from the year of planting; S4. Remove the mulch or ground cloth during the rainy season in autumn every year, dig a fertilizer ditch at the bottom of the slope and apply base fertilizer. After fertilization, widen the slope by 8-12cm and restore the groove at the bottom of the slope; S5. Before the soil thaws in the spring of the following year, remove debris from the slope and continue to lay ground film or gardening cloth; S6. In the growing season, before budding, after fruit thinning, and during the fruit expansion period after hardening, remove the mulch or ground cloth and apply topdressing by applying topdressing fertilizer in holes on the slope surface, or remove the mulch or ground cloth covering the slope surface before heavy rain, spread quick-acting fertilizer on the slope surface, shallowly turn the slope surface, and continue to cover the mulch or ground cloth after the rain; S7. No irrigation will be carried out throughout the year after the seedlings are planted and survive; S8. In the first five years after peach trees are planted, the slope surface is widened by 8-12cm each year in combination with the application of basal fertilizer in autumn. At the same time, the groove at the bottom of the slope moves outward year by year, and the slope decreases by 1° each year. After five years, the width of the slope remains unchanged, and basal fertilizer can be applied on the inside of the groove every year.

4. The rainwater collection and planting method for peach trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the spacing between rows and plants is 2×4-5m, the planting furrow width is 80-100cm, and the depth is 60-80cm; the mid-late-ripening peach varieties are varieties within the fruit development period of 90-140d.

5. The peach tree rainwater collection planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the width of the single slope is 40-50 cm just after the saplings are planted, and then increases year by year, reaching a slope width of 100-120 cm after the peak fruit-bearing period.

6. The peach tree rainwater collection planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the pruning time in winter is from leaf fall to next year's bud break, and the pruning time in summer is from bud break to fruit picking.

7. The peach tree rainwater collection planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the fertilizer ditch is located at the bottom of the slope in the row, with a width of 20-30 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm; the time for applying basal fertilizer is after fruit picking in autumn, and the basal fertilizer is selected as commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure, and the fertilizer application per unit area is 1.5-3 m3 / 667m 2 .

8. The peach tree rainwater collection and planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S6, the topdressing type is selected as quick-acting chemical fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer 20kg / 667m before germination 2 ; Apply nitrogen fertilizer 15kg / 667m after fruit thinning 2 + Phosphate fertilizer 5kg / 667m 2 +Potassium fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 ; Apply phosphate fertilizer 10kg / 667m after hard core 2 +Potassium fertilizer 15kg / 667m 2 .

9. The peach tree rainwater collection planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S8, the slope of the slope in the fifth year is 5°, and the slope width is 80-120 cm, which remain unchanged thereafter; the method of applying basal fertilizer in autumn is: applying fertilizer in two fertilizer furrows, and after alternating every other year, digging a furrow and applying fertilizer on one side of the fertilizer furrow close to the row direction.

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