Continuous cropping Chinese cabbage planting method based on microbial agent and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous cropping Chinese cabbage planting method based on a microbial agent and application, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. According to the planting method, Chinese cabbage and garlic are intercropped according to the ratio of 1: 1, and a trichoderma harzianum agent is applied. Results show that the planting method can significantly increase the growth indexes such as the plant height, the root length, the leaf chlorophyll content and the soluble sugar content of the Chinese cabbage; the soluble protein content, the peroxidase activity, the superoxide dismutase activity and the malondialdehyde content of the Chinese cabbage leaves are obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the content of rapidly available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, effective calcium and other substances in the soil can be increased; the activities of urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in the soil are also obviously improved. In addition, the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil is also remarkably increased. Therefore, according to the planting method, the quality of continuous cropping soil can be improved, Chinese cabbage growth is promoted, and theoretical support is provided for healthy and sustainable development of the Chinese cabbage industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a planting method and application of continuous cropping cabbage based on a microbial agent. Background Art

[0002] Non-heading cabbage ( Brassica campestris spp. Chinensis Makino, also known as Chinese cabbage and rapeseed, is a subspecies of Brassica rapa in the Brassica genus of the Cruciferae family. It is native to China and has a short growth cycle, high yield, strong adaptability, storage and transportation resistance, and low price. It is not only widely planted in China and Southeast Asia, but also an important leafy vegetable cultivated worldwide. Non-heading cabbage is rich in vitamins, dietary fiber and various minerals, and plays an important role in preventing diseases and promoting metabolism. It is deeply favored by consumers and has a large market demand. Suqian City is located in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. It belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate zone, with cold winters and hot summers, sufficient sunlight, abundant heat, abundant rainfall, and a long frost-free period, which is conducive to the development of the vegetable industry. However, due to the constraints of cultivated land area and planting conditions, continuous cropping in facility cultivation has become a common planting method. However, non-heading cabbage is not tolerant to continuous cropping, which will reduce its yield and quality, and limit the health and sustainable development of the cabbage industry. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a new method for planting continuous cabbage to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of cabbage. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting continuous cabbage based on microbial agents and its application, so as to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of cabbage.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a method for planting cabbage continuously based on microbial agents is provided, comprising the following steps: intercropping cabbage and garlic, applying Trichoderma harzianum agent 8-12 days after sowing, and performing normal field maintenance management during planting.

[0005] Furthermore, cabbage and garlic are intercropped in a ratio of 1:1.

[0006] Furthermore, the spacing between rows and plants of cabbage and garlic is 15-30 cm.

[0007] Furthermore, the application of Trichoderma harzianum agent is 100 g of Trichoderma harzianum agent per mu of land, specifically: 100 g of Trichoderma harzianum agent is diluted 500-650 times with water and then sprayed on cabbage and garlic.

[0008] The present invention provides an application of the above planting method in improving the quality of continuous cropping soil.

[0009] Furthermore, improving the quality of continuously cropped soil means increasing the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and available calcium in the soil.

[0010] Furthermore, improving the quality of continuously cropped soil means increasing the activities of urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, improving the quality of continuously cropped soil means increasing the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil.

[0012] The invention also provides an application of the planting method in improving the growth index of cabbage.

[0013] Furthermore, cabbage growth indicators include: plant height, root length, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The planting method of the present invention is to intercrop cabbage and garlic, and then apply Trichoderma harzianum agent. There is a synergistic effect between the allelopathic substances secreted by the garlic root system and the applied Trichoderma harzianum, which has a significant improvement effect on the microecological system of the continuously cropped soil, thereby alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of cabbage and promoting the growth of cabbage.

[0015] (2) The planting method of the present invention can significantly promote the growth of cabbage, significantly increase the plant height, root length, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content of cabbage leaves, and reduce the soluble protein, peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content of cabbage leaves. This is because there is a synergistic effect between the allelopathic substances secreted by the garlic root system and the applied Trichoderma harzianum, which significantly improves the micro-ecological system of the continuous cropping soil, thereby alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of cabbage and promoting the growth of cabbage.

[0016] (3) The planting method of the present invention can significantly increase the activities of urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in the soil. This is because the garlic root secretions can change the rhizosphere microenvironment by providing nutrients such as cellulose and sugars to rhizosphere microorganisms, thereby indirectly increasing the soil enzyme activity. The planting method of the present invention can also significantly reduce the soil alkaline nitrogen content and increase the soil's available phosphorus, available potassium and effective calcium content. This is because the application of Trichoderma harzianum promotes the rapid growth of cabbage, and the cabbage absorbs a large amount of alkaline nitrogen in the soil, resulting in a decrease in the soil's alkaline nitrogen content. At the same time, Trichoderma can promote the production of a large amount of secretions by the plant roots, increase the population and activity of root microorganisms, release slow-release nutrients in the continuous cropping soil, and increase the content of fast-release nutrients. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the planting method of the present invention; wherein A: single cropping of non-heading cabbage; B: intercropping of non-heading cabbage and garlic; Figure 2The changes in plant height, root length, leaf length, leaf width and fresh weight of the cabbage in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3; Figure 3 The changes in the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the cabbage soil of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the examples, the conditions are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0019] Experimental materials: The seeds of Chinese cabbage (variety 'Green Crown') were provided by Shouguang Yinuo Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and the garlic seeds were provided by Anhui Jiuqi Seedling Technology Co., Ltd. The microbial agent Trichoderma harzianum T-22 was provided by Shandong Weifang Nuojin Agrochemical Co., Ltd., with an effective viable count of ≥5 billion / g.

[0020] Experimental site: The experiment was carried out under the conditions of facility cultivation in the glass greenhouse of Suqian College.

[0021] Example 1: A method for growing Chinese cabbage in succession based on microbial agents Cabbage and garlic were intercropped with Trichoderma harzianum (T3) at a ratio of 1:1. The details were as follows: Cabbage and garlic were intercropped at a ratio of 1:1. Three 2m×8m plots (replicates) were set up for each treatment and arranged in a complete randomized block design. Figure 1 Planting was carried out (A: single cropping of non-heading cabbage; B: intercropping of non-heading cabbage and garlic), with a row spacing of 20 cm. Trichoderma harzianum was applied once 10 days after sowing (100 g of Trichoderma harzianum per mu of land), and the agent was diluted 600 times with water. Normal field maintenance and management were carried out during the experiment.

[0022] Comparative Example 1: A method for growing cabbage The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that white sole is used, and no Trichoderma agent (CK) is applied. The other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0023] Comparative Example 2: A method for growing cabbage based on microbial agents The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that white sole was used and Trichoderma agent (T1) was applied, and the other conditions were the same as those of Example 1.

[0024] Comparative Example 3: A method for planting continuous cabbage The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that cabbage and garlic are intercropped, and the Trichoderma agent (T2) is not applied. The other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0025] Test example: Measurement indicators and methods (1) Leaf selection and soil collection method: Randomly select 5 cabbages harvested from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, measure plant height, fresh weight and root length, select the 4th leaf from the top of the growth, and measure leaf length, leaf width, leaf chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. After the cabbage harvest, the five-point sampling method is used to collect soil at a depth of 10 cm in each test plot, a part of which is used to immediately measure the number of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity, and a part is stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for measuring soil physical and chemical properties.

[0026] (2) Determination of growth and physiological indicators of cabbage: The plant height, root length, leaf length and leaf width of the cabbages harvested in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were measured using a ruler, the fresh weight of the cabbages was weighed using an electronic balance, the chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and malondialdehyde content of the cabbage leaves were measured using visible spectrophotometry, the soluble protein content was measured using the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method, the peroxidase activity was measured using the guaiacol method, and the superoxide dismutase activity was measured using the nitrotetrazole blue chloride photoreduction method.

[0027] (3) Determination of soil physical and chemical properties: The physical and chemical properties of soil were determined by referring to the method of "Soil Agrochemical Analysis" by Bao Shidan. The pH of soil was determined by the potentiometric method; the electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was determined by the conductivity meter; the content of organic matter in soil was determined by the potassium dichromate volumetric method; the content of total phosphorus and total potassium in rhizosphere soil was determined by the NaOH fusion-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in rhizosphere soil was determined by the alkaline diffusion method; the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil was determined by the 0.5 mol / L NaHCO3 method, the content of available potassium was determined by CH3COONH4 extraction-flame spectrophotometer, and the content of available calcium in rhizosphere soil was determined by cold 2 mol / L HNO3 solution extraction-flame photometry.

[0028] (4) Determination of soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity: Soil bacteria were cultured on beef extract peptone agar medium, fungi were cultured on Martin-Bengal red agar medium, and actinomycetes were cultured on modified Goulburn agar medium. The number of soil microorganisms was determined by the dilution plate-spreading method, urease activity was determined by the indophenol blue colorimetric method, catalase activity was determined by potassium permanganate titration method, and alkaline phosphatase activity was determined by disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method.

[0029] Test results (1) Effects of different treatments on cabbage growth indicators Depend on Figure 2It can be seen that the 1:1 intercropping of cabbage and garlic in Example 1 combined with the application of Trichoderma harzianum agent treatment (T3) can significantly promote the growth of cabbage plants. The cabbage plant height of T3 increased significantly by 30.12% compared with CK, the cabbage root length of T3 increased significantly by 7.15% compared with CK, the cabbage leaf length of T3 increased significantly by 36.45% compared with CK, the cabbage leaf width of T3 increased significantly by 61.10% compared with CK, and the cabbage fresh weight of T3 increased significantly by 13.55% compared with CK.

[0030] As shown in Table 1, the chlorophyll content of T2 cabbage leaves was significantly lower than that of CK, decreasing by 12.75%, while the chlorophyll content of T3 cabbage leaves was significantly higher than that of CK, increasing by 14.71%. There was no significant difference in the soluble sugar content of CK and T1 cabbage leaves, nor in the soluble sugar content of T2 and T3 cabbage leaves. Compared with CK, the soluble sugar content of T2 and T3 cabbage leaves increased significantly by 58.54% and 43.55%. Compared with CK, the soluble protein content of T1, T2 and T3 cabbage leaves decreased significantly by 12.48%, 16.46% and 21.67%. There was no significant difference in the peroxidase activity of CK and T1 cabbage leaves, nor in the peroxidase activity of T2 and T3 cabbage leaves. Compared with CK, the peroxidase activity of T2 and T3 cabbage leaves decreased significantly by 26.12% and 15.09%. Compared with CK, the superoxide dismutase activities of cabbage leaves in T1, T2 and T3 were significantly reduced to varying degrees, by 11.09%, 4.66% and 10.65% respectively. Compared with CK, the malondialdehyde contents of cabbage leaves in T1, T2 and T3 were significantly reduced to varying degrees, by 26.11%, 7.73% and 28.20% respectively.

[0031] Table 1 Changes of physiological parameters of cabbage under different treatments

[0032] Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation; different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments ( P <0. 05), the same below.

[0033] (2) Effects of different treatments on the physical and chemical properties of cabbage soil There was no significant difference in soil pH values ​​among CK, T1 and T2 (7.65±0.02a, 7.66±0.02a and 7.45±0.06ab, respectively). The pH value of T3 soil (7.25±0.05b) was significantly lower than that of CK, decreasing by 5.23%. As shown in Table 2, compared with CK, T1 and T3 significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity by 16.89% and 8.35%, respectively. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter, total phosphorus and total potassium content among CK, T1, T2 and T3. Compared with CK, the soil alkaline nitrogen content of T1, T2 and T3 was significantly reduced by 15.14%, 6.55% and 24.07%. There was no significant difference in the available phosphorus content of CK and T1 and T2, and the available phosphorus content of T3 soil increased significantly by 37.58% compared with CK. Compared with CK, T1, T2 and T3 significantly increased the available potassium in the soil to varying degrees, increasing by 8.63%, 11.26% and 10.83% respectively. Compared with CK, T1, T2 and T3 significantly increased the available calcium in the soil to varying degrees, increasing by 7.48%, 4.54% and 8.00% respectively.

[0034] Table 2 Changes in physical and chemical properties of cabbage soil under different treatments

[0035] (3) Effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities of cabbage As shown in Table 3, compared with CK, T1, T2 and T3 all significantly increased soil urease activity to varying degrees, increasing by 38.91%, 39.69% and 67.46% respectively. There was no significant difference in soil catalase activity between CK and T1 and T2, and the soil catalase activity of T3 increased significantly by 50.11% compared with CK. There was no significant difference in soil alkaline phosphatase activity between CK and T1 and T2, and the soil alkaline phosphatase activity of T3 increased significantly by 46.40% compared with CK.

[0036] Table 3 Changes of soil enzyme activities in Chinese cabbage under different treatments

[0037] (4) Effects of different treatments on the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in cabbage soil Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of CK cabbage is 1.33×10 5 CFU / g, the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of T2 cabbage was 1.40×10 5 CFU / g, the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of cabbage in T3 and T1 was significantly higher than that in CK, which was 1.63×10 5 CFU / g and 1.45×10 5 CFU / g. The number of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of CK and T2 cabbage was 5.41×105 CFU / g and 5.16×10 5 CFU / g, the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of cabbage in T3 and T1 was significantly higher than that in CK, which was 6.00×10 5 CFU / g and 6.25×10 5 CFU / g. The number of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of CK and T2 cabbage was 3.69×10 5 CFU / g and 3.90×10 5 CFU / g, the number of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of cabbage in T3 and T1 was significantly higher than that in CK, which was 5.58×10 5 CFU / g and 5.09×10 5 CFU / g.

[0038] Results Analysis (1) Long-term continuous cropping of cabbage will lead to problems such as reduced yield, decreased quality, prolonged growth period and variety degeneration. The enrichment of pathogens, changes in soil microbial communities, loss of soil nutrients and toxic substances secreted by roots caused by continuous cropping are important reasons for the reduction in cabbage yield. Trichoderma harzianum can colonize the rhizosphere of crops and significantly increase the root surface area. Under nutrient stress conditions, it improves the crop's ability to absorb phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil and promotes crop growth. The test results of the present invention show that the treatment of cabbage single cropping with fungicides (T1) and the treatment of cabbage and garlic intercropping in a ratio of 1:1 without fungicides (T2) cannot significantly promote cabbage growth. The treatment of cabbage and garlic intercropping in a ratio of 1:1 with fungicides (T3) can significantly promote cabbage growth, increase the chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of cabbage leaves, and reduce the soluble protein, peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content of cabbage leaves. This is because there is a synergistic effect between the allelopathic substances secreted by the garlic roots and the applied Trichoderma harzianum, which significantly improves the microecological system of the continuously cropped soil, thereby alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of cabbage and promoting the growth of cabbage.

[0039] (2) The application of microbial agents and intercropping with garlic will affect the nutrient cycle of the continuously cropped soil, thereby affecting the absorption and growth of soil nutrients by plants. Soil microorganisms are an important component of the soil ecosystem and have the functions of promoting the decomposition of soil organic matter, the absorption and transformation of soil nutrients, etc. The experimental results of the present invention show that the treatment of microbial agents in cabbage single cropping (T1) and the treatment of intercropping of cabbage and garlic in a ratio of 1:1 (T3) significantly increased the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the continuously cropped soil, and the number of fungi and actinomycetes in the treatment of intercropping of cabbage and garlic in a ratio of 1:1 (T3) was significantly higher than that in the treatment of intercropping of cabbage and garlic in a ratio of 1:1 (T1). This shows that the application of Trichoderma harzianum can increase the number of soil microorganisms in continuously cropped cabbage, and the effect of increasing the number of fungi and actinomycetes is more obvious when combined with garlic intercropping. The reason is that the garlic root system provides carbon sources and energy for the growth of microorganisms by secreting low molecular weight organic compounds such as sugars and amino acids and high molecular weight mucilage such as proteins and polysaccharides, thereby affecting the distribution of microbial communities. Soil enzymes can promote the decomposition and transformation of plant and animal residues and organic compounds in the soil, and are important indicators of soil fertility. The planting method of the present invention significantly increases the activities of soil urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase, because garlic root secretions can change the rhizosphere microenvironment by providing nutrients such as cellulose and sugars to rhizosphere microorganisms, thereby indirectly increasing soil enzyme activity. The planting method of the present invention significantly reduces the soil alkaline nitrogen content and increases the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and effective calcium in the soil. This is because the application of Trichoderma harzianum promotes the rapid growth of cabbage, and cabbage absorbs a large amount of alkaline nitrogen in the soil, thereby reducing the soil alkaline nitrogen content. At the same time, Trichoderma can promote the production of a large amount of secretions by plant roots, increase the population and activity of root microorganisms, release slow-release nutrients in continuous cropping soil, and increase the content of available nutrients.

[0040] In summary, the planting method of the present invention, which adopts the intercropping of cabbage and garlic in a ratio of 1:1 and applies the Trichoderma harzianum agent, can significantly promote the growth of continuously planted cabbage, improve the quality of cabbage, increase the number of soil microorganisms, increase the activity of soil enzymes and the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and effective calcium in the soil.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting continuous cabbage based on microbial agents, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Intercrop cabbage and garlic, apply Trichoderma harzianum 8-12 days after sowing, and carry out normal field maintenance and management during the planting period.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intercropping of cabbage and garlic comprises intercropping cabbage and garlic in a ratio of 1:

1.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The row and plant spacings of the cabbage and garlic are both 15-30 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of the Trichoderma harzianum agent is to apply 100 g of the Trichoderma harzianum agent per mu of land, specifically: 100 g of the Trichoderma harzianum agent is diluted 500-650 times with water and then sprayed on the cabbage and garlic.

5. Application of the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving the quality of continuous cropping soil.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The improvement of continuous cropping soil quality is to increase the content of soil available phosphorus, available potassium and available calcium.

7. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for improving the quality of continuously cropped soil is to increase the activities of urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in the soil.

8. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The improvement of continuous cropping soil quality is to increase the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil.

9. Use of the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving growth indicators of Chinese cabbage.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cabbage growth indicators include: plant height, root length, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content.

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