A breeding method for accelerating the regulation of tillering during wheat growth and development

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for regulating tillering during the accelerated growth and development of wheat, belonging to the field of rapid wheat breeding technology. The method includes the following steps: 1. Seed pretreatment: Select plump and uniformly sized wheat seeds, perform surface disinfection, and then place the seeds in a petri dish containing filter paper soaked in water, and place them in an incubator to germinate until they show white tips; 2. Planting and cultivation: Plant the sprouted wheat seeds in planting pots for cultivation. Tillering and the number of grains per ear are regulated by controlling light intensity, long photoperiod, and irrigation with Hoagland's nutrient solution. Beneficial effects: The method of this invention can effectively control the number of wheat tillers and the harvest index, and has broad application prospects, especially suitable for wheat breeding and cultivation research. This method provides important technical support for accelerating wheat growth, increasing yield, and optimizing cultivation management by adjusting the light intensity and nutrient solution concentration in the cultivation conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rapid wheat breeding technology, specifically involving regulating wheat tillering and accelerating growth and development by controlling light intensity and nutrient solution concentration. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat is one of the world's most important food crops, and its yield has a significant impact on global food security. Tillering ability is one of the three key factors affecting wheat yield. Tillers are lateral branches that wheat produces during its vegetative growth stage, and their growth directly determines the ratio of effective ears. Excessive ineffective tillers consume large amounts of nutrients, hindering yield growth. Even under precise artificial control, tillering can delay wheat growth and development. Therefore, rationally controlling the number of wheat tillers is crucial for achieving high yields and accelerating growth.

[0003] In traditional wheat breeding and cultivation techniques, methods for regulating wheat tillering mainly include variety selection, seed density control, fertilizer management, and water regulation. However, these methods have received little attention in accelerated wheat breeding indoors, and often fail to achieve the desired regulatory effects. With the development of modern agricultural technology, light environment and nutrient management have gradually become important means of regulating plant growth. Especially in controlled environments such as plant factories and greenhouses, the impact of light intensity and nutrients on wheat tillering and growth is receiving increasing attention.

[0004] Studies have shown that different light conditions have a significant impact on tillering and growth rate in wheat. In particular, the combined regulation of light intensity and photoperiod can accelerate or delay the tillering and growth processes in wheat. For example, under high light intensity and long photoperiod, the growth rate of wheat is significantly accelerated, but excessively rapid growth will accelerate the tillering process, reducing the number of effective spikes and the final yield. In contrast, a moderate combination of light intensity and a reasonable photoperiod can promote balanced tillering development, increase biomass accumulation, and ultimately increase yield.

[0005] The composition and concentration of nutrient solutions directly affect the nutrient supply to plants and are important regulatory factors for plant growth. In accelerated growth environments for wheat, sufficient nutrient supply is particularly crucial, helping to promote tillering and growth in a short period. Studies have found that appropriate nutrient solution concentrations can promote the quantity and quality of wheat tillers, but excessively high concentrations may lead to nutrient overload, inhibiting main stem growth and potentially causing premature senescence. In accelerated growth environments, suitable nutrient solution concentrations and reasonable nutrient ratios are essential for achieving balanced tillering development and accelerating wheat growth.

[0006] Currently, research on wheat tillering mainly focuses on regulating it through the control of wheat tillering genes. For example, Chinese patent application CN118531003A discloses the TaNTA-4B gene, and overexpression of this gene in wheat plants increases tillering angle and reduces plant height. Chinese patent application CN113846120A discloses the TaTIN103 gene, and reducing its expression or activity significantly reduces tiller number. However, research on controlled tillering in wheat is scarce. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to address the difficulty in controlling the number of wheat tillers and the resulting low number of grains per ear.

[0008] This invention proposes a cultivation method for regulating tillering during the accelerated growth and development of wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Seed pretreatment: Select plump and uniform wheat seeds, perform surface disinfection treatment, and then place the seeds in a petri dish containing filter paper soaked in it, and place them in an incubator to germinate until they show white.

[0010] (2) Planting and Cultivation: The wheat seeds that showed signs of sprouting in (1) were planted in planting pots and cultivated using 150–250 μmol·m - 2·s - 1. Light intensity, long photoperiod, and irrigation with Hoagland nutrient solution are used to regulate wheat tillering and grain number per ear; the concentration of the Hoagland nutrient solution is 40-60% (v / v) or higher; the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = (3-5):(1-3):(0.5-1.5).

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the wheat includes spring wheat and winter wheat; the spring wheat includes Zhenmai 13, and the winter wheat includes Jimai 22.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the disinfection treatment specifically involves soaking wheat seeds in a 1-2% (v / v) hydrogen peroxide solution for 20-40 minutes, shaking them every 5-10 minutes, then discarding the solution and rinsing them 3-5 times with clean water. (This ensures that seed germination is promoted while disinfecting.)

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the planting pot is a truncated square pyramid with a water absorption hole at the bottom.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 4:2:0.8.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the planting pot containing wheat is placed under light conditions at a distance of 0.8 to 1.2 meters from the lamp plate.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), a long photoperiod refers to 16 to 22 hours of illumination / 8 to 2 hours of darkness.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the cultivation is carried out using LED white spectrum.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), Hogland nutrient solution is applied 1 to 3 times per week, with each application being 1 to 3 L.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), the cultivation environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 20-26°C, a relative humidity of 50-85%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450-2000ppm.

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), spring wheat can be directly planted in planting pots; while winter wheat is first cultured in a vernalization incubator at 2-13℃ for 14-35 days to complete the vernalization process before planting.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention proposes a cultivation method for accelerating wheat growth and development by regulating tillering. Based on controlling the cultivation environment (temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration), it further regulates light intensity, photoperiod, and nutrient absorption (soil ratio and irrigation nutrient solution) to control wheat tillering, thereby regulating the number of grains per ear. This environmental control system effectively increases effective tillering in wheat and improves its growth rate. It has promising application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the tillering status of wheat on the 40th day after germination in Example 1 (A), Comparative Example 1 (C) Zhenmai 13 and Example 12 (B), Comparative Example 2 (D) of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a network diagram showing the correlation coefficients between Zhenmai 13(B) in Example 1 and Jimai 22(A) in Example 12 of the present invention and the number of wheat tillers and the number of effective tillers under different light intensities.

[0025] Figure 3 The above are comparison images of the growth and development status of Zhenmai 13 wheat cultivated in accelerated environment for 40 days (top) and 55 days (bottom) in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 of this invention, showing the growth and development status of wheat with different concentrations of Hogland nutrient solution.

[0026] Figure 4This is a heatmap showing the correlation between tiller number, effective tiller number, and grain number per ear of Zhenmai 13 wheat under different concentrations of Hogland nutrient solution treatment in Examples 1-3 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all test materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product manual may be followed.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] A method for accelerating the regulation of tillering during wheat growth and development includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) Seed pretreatment: Select plump and uniformly sized Zhenmai 13 spring wheat seeds and perform surface disinfection treatment (the disinfection treatment is to soak the wheat seeds in a 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes, shake once every 8 minutes, then pour out the solution and rinse with clean water 4 times to ensure disinfection while promoting seed germination). Then place the seeds in a petri dish containing filter paper and place them in a 24℃ incubator to germinate until they show white.

[0033] (2) Planting and Cultivation: The wheat seeds that showed signs of sprouting in (1) were planted in planting pots (the planting pots were truncated square pyramids with water absorption holes at the bottom; the soil ratio in the planting pots was nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 4:2:0.8, and the planting pots were placed under light conditions 1.0 meter away from the light panel for cultivation). Nine wheat plants were randomly selected and cultivated under 200 μmol·m - 2·s - 1. Wheat tillering and grain number were recorded under light intensity, LED white spectrum, and long photoperiod (22h light / 2h dark). Simultaneously, 2L of 50% (v / v) Hoagland nutrient solution was applied weekly (twice a week). The cultivation environment was a greenhouse with a temperature of 24℃, relative humidity of 63%, and carbon dioxide concentration of 860ppm.

[0034] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 87 tillers, averaging 9.67 tillers / plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 3 / plant. At maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 708, averaging 78.67 grains / plant.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the concentration of the Hogland nutrient solution is 40% (v / v), while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0037] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 58 tillers, averaging 6.44 tillers / plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.33 / plant. At maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 572, averaging 63.56 grains / plant.

[0038] Example 3:

[0039] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the concentration of the Hogland nutrient solution is 60% (v / v), while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0040] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 75 tillers, averaging 8.33 tillers / plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.89 / plant. At maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 620, averaging 68.89 grains / plant.

[0041] Example 4:

[0042] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the light intensity is 150 μmol·m. - 2·s - 1. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 36 tillers, averaging 4 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.33 per plant. At maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 527, averaging 58.56 grains per plant.

[0044] Example 5:

[0045] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the light intensity is 250 μmol·m. - 2·s - 1. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 63 tillers, averaging 7 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.67 per plant. At harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 603, averaging 67 grains per plant.

[0047] Example 6:

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite.

[0049] =3:1:0.5, the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 72 tillers, averaging 8 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.33 per plant. At maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 588, averaging 65.33 grains per plant.

[0051] Example 7:

[0052] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite.

[0053] =5:3:1.5, the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 91 tillers, averaging 10.11 tillers / plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.89 / plant. At maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 532, averaging 59.11 grains / plant.

[0055] Example 8:

[0056] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the cultivation environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 20°C, a relative humidity of 85%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450ppm; the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0057] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 45 tillers, averaging 5 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.22 per plant.

[0058] At maturity, the total number of grains per ear was 452, with an average of 50.22 grains per plant.

[0059] Example 9:

[0060] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the cultivation environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 26°C, a relative humidity of 50%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2000ppm; the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 97 tillers, averaging 10.78 tillers / plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 3.11 / plant. By day 68 of cultivation, the plants were mature and harvested, with a total of 621 grains per ear, averaging 69 grains / plant.

[0062] Example 10:

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: 1L of Hogland nutrient solution per week (watering 3 times a week), the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0064] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 95 tillers, averaging 10.56 tillers / plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 3.11 / plant. By day 80 of cultivation, at maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 700, averaging 77.78 grains / plant.

[0065] Example 11:

[0066] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: 3L of Hogland nutrient solution per week (watering once a week), the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0067] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 90 tillers, averaging 10 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.89 per plant. By day 80 of cultivation, at maturity and harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 688, averaging 76.44 grains per plant.

[0068] Example 12:

[0069] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that Zhenmai 13 spring wheat seeds are replaced with "Jimai 22 winter wheat seeds", and vernalization treatment is performed before planting in step (2), specifically: Jimai 22 is cultured in a vernalization incubator at 10℃ for 28 days. The rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0070] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 plants of Jimai 22 winter wheat had tillered, with a total of 63 tillers, averaging 7 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2 per plant. At harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 498, with an average of 55.33 grains per plant.

[0071] Comparative Example 1:

[0072] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: no Hogland nutrient solution was applied, and water was used instead of nutrient solution; otherwise, it is the same as Example 1.

[0073] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, only 2 ineffective tillers were produced from the 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants, and their main stems showed rapid growth and development, having already entered the heading stage. Figure 1 As shown. At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 150, with an average of 16.67 grains per ear per plant.

[0074] Comparative Example 2:

[0075] The difference between this comparative example and Example 12 is that Hogland nutrient solution was not applied; instead, water was used instead of nutrient solution. Otherwise, the results are the same as in Example 12.

[0076] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, only 2 ineffective tillers were produced from the 9 Jimai 22 winter wheat plants, and their main stems were growing and developing rapidly, already entering the heading stage. Figure 1 As shown. At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 117, with an average of 13 grains per ear per plant.

[0077] Comparative Example 3:

[0078] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the concentration of the Hogland nutrient solution is 25%, while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0079] Experimental results: By day 40 of cultivation, 9 Zhenmai 13 spring wheat plants had tillers, with a total of 42 tillers, an average of 4.67 tillers, and an average of 2 effective tiller spikes. By day 55 of cultivation, all tillers were in a full grain-filling state. Figure 3 As shown. At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 495, with an average of 55 grains per ear per plant.

[0080] from Figure 2 The results show that the correlation coefficients between the number of tillers and the number of effective tillers in Jimai 22 and light intensity are 0.5238 and 0.4469, respectively, exhibiting a strong positive correlation. In contrast, the correlation between the number of tillers and the number of effective tillers in Zhenmai 13 and light intensity is weaker, with correlation coefficients of 0.2014 and 0.0628, respectively; however, there is a strong positive correlation between the number of tillers and the number of effective tillers in Zhenmai 13, with a correlation coefficient reaching 0.8189. Therefore, by adjusting cultivation conditions such as light intensity, the number of tillers and the number of effective tillers in different wheat varieties can be appropriately controlled.

[0081] from Figure 4 The results show that nutrient solution concentration exhibits a strong correlation with the number of tillers, effective tillers, and average grains per ear of Zhenmai 13 wheat, with correlation coefficients as high as 0.8045, 0.9424, and 0.902, respectively. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation among these three indicators. Therefore, depending on the research objectives, the number of tillers and the harvest index of Zhenmai 13 can be effectively controlled by adjusting the nutrient solution concentration.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for accelerating wheat growth and development by regulating tillering, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Seed pretreatment: Select plump and uniform wheat seeds, perform surface disinfection treatment, and then place the seeds in a petri dish containing filter paper soaked in it, and place them in an incubator to germinate until they show white. (2) Planting and Cultivation: The wheat seeds that showed signs of sprouting in (1) were planted in planting pots and cultivated using 150–250 μmol·m - 2·s - 1. Light intensity, long photoperiod, and irrigation with Hoagland nutrient solution are used to regulate wheat tillering and grain number per ear; the concentration of the Hoagland nutrient solution is above 40% (v / v); the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = (3-5):(1-3):(0.5-1.5).

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), wheat includes spring wheat and winter wheat; the spring wheat includes Zhenmai 13, and the winter wheat includes Jimai 22.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the disinfection process specifically involves soaking wheat seeds in a 1-2% (v / v) hydrogen peroxide solution for 20-40 minutes, shaking them every 5-10 minutes, then discarding the solution and rinsing them with clean water 3-5 times.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the cultivation environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 20-26℃, a relative humidity of 50-85%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450-2000ppm.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting pot is a truncated square pyramid with a water absorption hole at the bottom.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 4:2:0.

8.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting pot containing wheat is placed under light conditions at a distance of 0.8 to 1.2 meters from the light panel.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), a long photoperiod refers to 16 to 22 hours of light / 8 to 2 hours of darkness.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), Hogland nutrient solution is applied 1 to 3 times a week, with 1 to 3 L each time.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), spring wheat can be planted directly in planting pots; while winter wheat should be cultured in a vernalization incubator at 2-13℃ for 14-35 days to complete the vernalization process before planting.

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