Pinellia ternate culture medium, preparation method and pinellia ternate planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, in particular to a pinellia ternata culture medium, a preparation method and a pinellia ternata planting method.The pinellia ternata culture medium is prepared from, by weight, 100 parts of pretreated coco coir, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrogen-containing compound, 0.2-0.6 part of potash fertilizer, 0.6-1.4 parts of compound fertilizer and 4-12 parts of organic fertilizer. The invention aims to cultivate the pinellia ternate by adopting raw materials which are not influenced by producing areas, the formula is simple and easy to master, the yield-input-output ratio and the reproduction rate of the cultivated pinellia ternate are obviously improved compared with those of the pinellia ternate cultivated in an open field, and the produced pinellia ternate is good in quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, and in particular to a pinellia cultivation substrate, a preparation method and a pinellia planting method. Background Art

[0002] Pinellia ternata is a perennial herb of the genus Pinellia in the family Araceae. It is an important and bulk Chinese medicinal material in my country. Its dried tubers are used as medicine. Among 558 Chinese medicine prescriptions, Pinellia ternata is ranked 22nd among the 30 most frequently used Chinese medicines. The medicinal effects of Pinellia ternata are difficult to replace by other medicines.

[0003] At present, most of the domestic pinellia is cultivated in the open field. In Hezhang County and Weining County, the main pinellia producing areas in Guizhou Province, mechanical harvesting is difficult due to the fragmented plots in the planting areas, heavy soil viscosity, and the small tubers (the tuber diameter is between 0.8cm-2.5cm), resulting in high production costs. The labor cost per mu is about 3,500 yuan, and the harvesting cost accounts for a large proportion.

[0004] In the cultivation of Pinellia, tubers are generally used as propagation materials, that is, the tubers of Pinellia are both products and sowing materials. The seed tubers must be selected from all the tubers produced to meet the requirements and are disease-free and undamaged. In the production process, the soil-borne disease tuber rot has a greater impact on the seed tubers, and there is basically no specific medicine to prevent and treat it after the disease occurs. Therefore, it is very important to select healthy seed tubers in Pinellia production. In the actual production process, the Pinellia tuber rot disease often occurs due to improper cultivation measures and field management, resulting in reduced production or even total crop failure in Pinellia production. It is also often caused by the seed tubers being infected with bacteria due to lax seed selection and seed retention.

[0005] At present, due to the particularity of Chinese medicinal materials, the production of Pinellia is still mainly cultivated in the open field, and there are few studies and reports on the use of substrates to cultivate Pinellia. In terms of Pinellia substrate and its preparation method, Cai Zhong of Jiangsu Xingnong Matrix Technology Co., Ltd. applied for an invention patent "A substrate for artificial cultivation of Pinellia and its preparation method". This method is to prepare the substrate according to the volume ratio of saline soil: river sand: humus soil: pine bark: perlite = 4:3:3:2:1, which can not only ensure the growth and development needs of Pinellia, but also ensure that its roots and tubers have a good growth environment, improve the appearance quality of Pinellia products, and thus enhance its economic value. In addition, Liu Jianqiao and others from the Shaoyang Grassland Resources Protection Center conducted a study on the effects of six different organic substrate ratios on the growth of Pinellia in four populations using five materials as substrates: sawdust, mushroom residue, pine bark, coconut bran, and coal slag. By measuring the germination index, agronomic traits, antioxidant capacity and other indicators of Pinellia bulbils at maturity, the most suitable substrate ratio for Pinellia cultivation was selected, which was mushroom residue: sawdust: coal slag = 2:1:1. Sun Ting and others from Sichuan Institute of Plant Engineering also conducted research on the substrate for artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata, and proposed the use of 40% harder soil + 30% river sand + 30% sterilized Yunnan Masson pine bark as the best substrate ratio for artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata. Meng Hengling and others from Honghe University proposed a substrate ratio of garden soil: sandy soil: humus soil = 4:3:3, and the agronomic traits and medicinal component content of Pinellia ternata were all good.

[0006] However, the substrate ingredients mentioned in the above methods, such as sawdust, mushroom residue, pine bark, coconut bran, coal slag, sandy soil, humus, river sand, Yunnan Masson pine bark, etc., are all selected based on local actual conditions and resource advantages. They are easy to obtain locally and are cheap. However, due to the large number of ingredients, the preparation method and proportion are difficult to control. The breeding process of Pinellia ternata in different regions is affected by weather (drought, floods, hail, etc.), diseases caused by bacteria in seed stems and soil, resulting in low breeding efficiency, bacteria in seed stems, and poor seed stem quality. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pinellia cultivation substrate, a preparation method and a pinellia planting method. By adopting raw materials that are not affected by the place of origin to cultivate pinellia, the formula is simple and easy to master, and the yield, input-output ratio and reproduction rate of the cultivated pinellia are significantly improved compared with open field cultivation, and the quality of the produced pinellia is good.

[0008] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0009] A pinellia cultivation matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts by weight of pretreated coconut bran, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of nitrogen-containing compounds, 0.2-0.6 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 0.6-1.4 parts by weight of compound fertilizer and 4-12 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.

[0010] According to the above technical means, by using raw materials that are not affected by the place of origin as the substrate for cultivating Pinellia ternata, the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, and through the synergistic effect of the specially selected raw materials, not only the quality of Pinellia ternata can be improved, but also the yield of Pinellia ternata can be improved.

[0011] Preferably, the specific method of pre-treating the coconut bran is to pile up the dry coconut bran, and then pour 3-4 times the weight of clean water on the coconut bran in small amounts and multiple times until the coconut bran is soaked and completely dispersed, and can be squeezed into a ball by hand and dispersed when it falls to the ground.

[0012] According to the above technical means, since the commercial coconut bran is a dry product in block form, it is watered with 3-4 times the amount of water until the coconut bran is soaked, in order to make it have moderate moisture content and good air permeability, so as to create a good soil environment suitable for the production of Pinellia ternata.

[0013] Preferably, the nitrogen-containing compound is one or more combinations of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.

[0014] More preferably, the nitrogen-containing compound is urea, and the total nitrogen content in the urea is ≥46%.

[0015] According to the above technical means, by selecting urea with a total nitrogen content of ≥46%, it is not only easy to purchase, but also can provide abundant nitrogen elements for Pinellia ternata, promote the rapid growth of Pinellia ternata branches and leaves, and improve the utilization rate of urea to reduce waste.

[0016] Preferably, the potash fertilizer is one or more combinations of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0017] Further preferably, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, wherein K 2 O≧52%.

[0018] According to the above technical means, by selecting K 2 Potassium sulfate with O≧52% is not only easy to purchase, but also can provide sufficient potassium for Pinellia ternata, accelerate its growth rate, and enhance its resistance to stress, such as drought resistance, cold resistance, and disease resistance.

[0019] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide.

[0020] Further preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15:15:15.

[0021] Further preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 14:14:14.

[0022] Further preferably, the total nutrient content in the compound fertilizer is ≥45%.

[0023] According to the above technical means, by controlling the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide and the nutrient content, the quality of compound fertilizer can be improved, so that when used on Pinellia ternata, it can provide comprehensive nutrients, promote growth and improve yield quality.

[0024] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises organic matter, humic acid, effective live bacteria and tobacco foam from healthy tobacco stems.

[0025] More preferably, the organic matter content is ≥40%.

[0026] More preferably, the humic acid content is ≥ 6%.

[0027] Further preferably, the number of effective live bacteria is ≥ 20 million / g.

[0028] According to the above technical means, on the one hand, by applying organic fertilizers, the soil can be improved, soil fertility can be increased, crop growth can be promoted and the quality of agricultural products can be improved. By controlling the organic matter content, humic acid content and the number of effective live bacteria, the soil's water absorption, water retention, air permeability and nutrient supply capacity can be increased, providing sufficient nutrient guarantees for subsequent crop growth, and improving the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well as the natural disease and insect resistance of plants. Effective live bacteria can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients for plant absorption and utilization, increase soil air permeability and water permeability, inhibit the growth of pathogens, reduce the occurrence of crop diseases, and cooperate with coconut bran to increase air permeability and water permeability, which is more conducive to the growth of Pinellia ternata. The addition of tobacco foam from healthy tobacco stems can effectively prevent and control crop pests present in coconut bran and additives, thereby reducing the impact of diseases.

[0029] The present application also discloses a method for preparing a cultivation medium for Pinellia ternata, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1. After the dry coconut husk is piled up, 3-4 times the weight of water is poured on the coconut husk in a small amount and multiple times until the coconut husk is completely wet and spread out, reaching the point where the hand can be squeezed into a ball, and the ground is scattered, and the pre-treated coconut husk is obtained;

[0031] S2. The nitrogen-containing compound, potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are prepared in proportion and mixed evenly with the pretreated coconut husk to obtain a mixture;

[0032] S3. The mixture is composted and fermented to obtain a cultivation medium.

[0033] According to the above technical means, by first allowing the coconut bran to absorb water and controlling the amount of water to avoid excessively high or low water content and reduce the air permeability of the matrix, and then mixing and fermenting with other fertilizers, a culture matrix can be obtained. The preparation method is simple and convenient for large-scale planting.

[0034] Preferably, in the step S3, during the composting and fermentation process, film covering is performed first and then fermentation is performed.

[0035] According to the above technical means, the cultivation medium is matured through fermentation at room temperature, making it closer to the soil properties, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients by Pinellia ternata.

[0036] The present application also discloses a method for planting Pinellia ternata, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S10. Seedbed preparation: Lay ground cloth in the seedbed in the greenhouse;

[0038] S20. Sowing: Spreading the cultivation substrate in the seedbed for the first time, then evenly sowing the pinellia on the cultivation substrate, and then spreading and covering it with the cultivation substrate for the second time;

[0039] S30. Field management: after sowing Pinellia ternata, carry out water management, fertilizer management, disease management, temperature, humidity and shade management.

[0040] S40. Harvesting: harvesting the pinellia that has undergone field management.

[0041] According to the above technical means, by adopting the above cultivation medium to plant Pinellia, not only the yield of Pinellia can be increased, but also the quality of Pinellia can be improved. Compared with open field cultivation, it saves the cost of manual weeding and can effectively control the diseases of Pinellia.

[0042] Preferably, in step S20, the cultivation substrate has a thickness of 2-4 cm when it is spread for the first time; and a thickness of 6-8 cm when it is spread for the second time, and the total spreading thickness is 9-12 cm.

[0043] According to the above technical means, since the production of new seed stems of Pinellia ternata is mainly concentrated in the area from the seed stems to the surface of the cultivation medium, the first spreading thickness is 2-4cm so that the Pinellia ternata bulbs can absorb water and nutrients downwards, and the second spreading is to create a space for the production and growth of new seed stems of Pinellia ternata, and this space is concentrated in the area of ​​6-8cm, so that Pinellia ternata can both absorb nutrients and grow healthily.

[0044] Further preferably, in the step S30, when performing water management, the moistening of the cultivation substrate is used as the standard. When there is a water shortage, the greenhouse's own spraying system is used to spray water and evenly distribute the water, and avoid excessive watering.

[0045] Further preferably, in the step S30, when performing fertilizer management, water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves grown on the pinellia.

[0046] According to the above technical means, after the emergence of Pinellia ternata, according to the growth of the seedlings, spray water-soluble fertilizer. When the seedlings grow poorly and the leaves turn yellow, spray once every week for 3 times in a row. When the seedlings grow well, less fertilizer can be applied or even no fertilizer can be applied.

[0047] Further preferably, in the step S30, when disease management is carried out, when plants with root rot are found, they are promptly removed and the surrounding cultivation substrate is treated, and pesticides such as Dr. Root Rot that have a preventive and therapeutic effect on root rot are sprayed to prevent the disease.

[0048] According to the above technical means, when root rot diseased plants appear, the substrate 15 cm around the diseased plants is removed from the seedbed to avoid infection. This is simple and effective.

[0049] Further preferably, in the step S30, when performing temperature, humidity and shading management, the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained between 23-28 degrees. When it exceeds 28 degrees, ventilation and cooling are carried out. When the sunlight starts to become strong, a shade net is covered on the shed to keep the light in the shed soft and not exposed to strong sunlight.

[0050] The present application adopting the above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. In the present application, by using raw materials that are not affected by the origin as the substrate for cultivating Pinellia ternata, the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, and through the mutual synergy of the specially selected raw materials, not only the quality of Pinellia ternata can be improved, but also the yield of Pinellia ternata can be improved;

[0052] 2. In this application, since the cultivation medium does not contain weed seeds and residual weed rhizomes, there are basically no weeds during the planting process, which effectively reduces the impact of weeds on the production of Pinellia ternata. Compared with open-field cultivation, the labor cost of weeding is saved;

[0053] 3. In this application, due to the cultivation in the greenhouse, more accurate management of water, nutrients, diseases, temperature and humidity, shading and soil-borne diseases can be achieved, effectively avoiding the risk of drought and flooding in open-field cultivation, and the prevention and control of the main disease of Pinellia tuber rot can be more effective and accurate;

[0054] 4. In the present application, the planting method is used to propagate the seed stems of Pinellia ternata, which can more effectively reduce the impact of soil-borne diseases while ensuring high yield, improve the health of the seed stems of Pinellia ternata, and provide high-quality seeds to ensure high and stable yields of Pinellia ternata. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The present application may be further illustrated by non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;

[0056] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a seedbed in the process of planting pinellia in the embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a test plot separated by red bricks during the planting process of Pinellia ternata in the embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of artificial sowing during the planting process of Pinellia ternata in the embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the sowing density during the planting process of Pinellia ternata in the embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of covering the cultivation substrate after sowing in the Pinellia ternata planting process in the embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the emergence of Pinellia ternata during the Pinellia ternata planting process in the embodiment of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention:

[0063] Embodiment 1, preparation method of Pinellia cultivation medium

[0064] In this embodiment, the raw materials used are as follows:

[0065] Coconut peat is purchased from Hainan, packed in 4 bags, each weighing 5kg;

[0066] Urea is Tianhua brand urea (total nitrogen (N) ≧ 46%), potash fertilizer is imported potassium sulfate (K2O ≧ 52%) produced by Finland Potash Chemical Group, compound fertilizer is Qiuzhuang brand compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15, total nutrients ≧ 45%) produced by Sinochem Fertilizer Company, the number of effective living bacteria in organic fertilizer is ≧ 20 million / g, organic matter is ≧ 40%, humic acid is 30 ≧ 6%, and its raw materials contain healthy tobacco stems and tobacco foam;

[0067] S1. Take an appropriate amount of dry coconut bran in a weight ratio of 1:3.5 and pile it on the open ground with plastic cloth or mat in advance to avoid contamination of coconut bran. Use a small amount and multiple times method to pour 3.5 times of water on the coconut bran block to fully absorb water until the block of coconut bran is soaked, and then let it stand to let it spread naturally or with artificial assistance, so that it can be kneaded into a ball and fall apart when it falls to the ground, and the pre-treated coconut bran is obtained;

[0068] S2. Based on the weight of coconut bran (block dry product), for every 100kg of coconut bran, weigh 0.4kg of urea, 0.5kg of potassium sulfate, 1.234kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15), and 10kg of organic fertilizer, and stir evenly, sprinkle the fertilizer evenly on the pretreated coconut bran, and then fully mix the fertilizer and coconut bran to obtain a mixture;

[0069] S3. Cover the mixture with a film, compost and ferment for three weeks to obtain a cultivation medium.

[0070] Embodiment 2, preparation method 2 of Pinellia cultivation medium

[0071] In this example, the same raw materials as in Example 1 are used.

[0072] S1. Take an appropriate amount of dry coconut bran in a weight ratio of 1:3.5 and pile it on the open ground with plastic cloth or mat in advance to avoid contamination of the coconut bran. Use a small amount and multiple times method to pour 3 times of water on the coconut bran block to fully absorb water until the block of coconut bran is soaked, and then let it stand to let it spread naturally or with artificial assistance, so that it can be kneaded into a ball and fall apart when it falls to the ground, and the pre-treated coconut bran is obtained;

[0073] S2. Based on the weight of coconut bran (block dry product), for every 100kg of coconut bran, weigh 0.1kg of urea, 0.2kg of potassium sulfate, 0.6kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15), and 4kg of organic fertilizer, stir evenly, sprinkle the fertilizer evenly on the pretreated coconut bran, and then fully mix the fertilizer and coconut bran to obtain a mixture;

[0074] S3. Cover the mixture with a film, compost and ferment for three weeks to obtain a cultivation medium.

[0075] Embodiment 3, preparation method three of Pinellia cultivation medium

[0076] In this example, the same raw materials as in Example 1 were used.

[0077] S1. Take an appropriate amount of dry coconut bran in a weight ratio of 1:3.5 and pile it on the open ground with plastic cloth or mat in advance to avoid contamination of coconut bran. Use a small amount and multiple times method to pour 4 times of water on the coconut bran block to fully absorb water until the block of coconut bran is soaked, and then let it stand to let it spread naturally or with artificial assistance, so that it can be kneaded into a ball and fall apart when it falls to the ground, and the pre-treated coconut bran is obtained;

[0078] S2. Based on the weight of coconut bran (block dry product), for every 100kg of coconut bran, weigh 0.2kg of urea, 0.3kg of potassium sulfate, 0.8kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15), and 6kg of organic fertilizer, and stir them evenly, sprinkle the fertilizer evenly on the pretreated coconut bran, and then mix the fertilizer and coconut bran thoroughly to obtain a mixture;

[0079] S3. Cover the mixture with a film, compost and ferment for three weeks to obtain a cultivation medium.

[0080] Embodiment 4, preparation method 4 of Pinellia cultivation medium

[0081] In this example, the same raw materials as in Example 1 were used.

[0082] S1. Take an appropriate amount of dry coconut bran in a weight ratio of 1:3.5 and pile it on the open ground with plastic cloth or mat in advance to avoid contamination of coconut bran. Use a small amount and multiple times method to pour 4 times of water on the coconut bran block to fully absorb water until the block of coconut bran is soaked, and then let it stand to let it spread naturally or with artificial assistance, so that it can be kneaded into a ball and fall apart when it falls to the ground, and the pre-treated coconut bran is obtained;

[0083] S2. Based on the weight of coconut bran (block dry product), for every 100kg of coconut bran, weigh 0.3kg of urea, 0.4kg of potassium sulfate, 1.0kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15), and 8kg of organic fertilizer, and stir evenly, sprinkle the fertilizer evenly on the pretreated coconut bran, and then fully mix the fertilizer and coconut bran to obtain a mixture;

[0084] S3. Cover the mixture with a film, compost and ferment for three weeks to obtain a cultivation medium.

[0085] Embodiment 5, preparation method 5 of Pinellia cultivation substrate

[0086] In this example, the same raw materials as in Example 1 were used.

[0087] S1. Take an appropriate amount of dry coconut bran in a weight ratio of 1:3.5 and pile it on the open ground with plastic cloth or mat in advance to avoid contamination of coconut bran. Use a small amount and multiple times method to pour 4 times of water on the coconut bran block to fully absorb water until the block of coconut bran is soaked, and then let it stand to let it spread naturally or with artificial assistance, so that it can be kneaded into a ball and fall apart when it falls to the ground, and the pre-treated coconut bran is obtained;

[0088] S2. Based on the weight of coconut bran (block dry product), for every 100kg of coconut bran, weigh 0.5kg of urea, 0.6kg of potassium sulfate, 1.4kg of compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15), and 12kg of organic fertilizer, stir evenly, sprinkle the fertilizer evenly on the pretreated coconut bran, and then fully mix the fertilizer and coconut bran to obtain a mixture;

[0089] S3. Cover the mixture with a film, compost and ferment for three weeks to obtain a cultivation medium.

[0090] like Figure 1-6 As shown in Example 6, a method for planting pinellia

[0091] Pinellia ternata seed stems: The seed source is the new Pinellia ternata variety Hemayu No. 1, which was bred by the applicant himself in 2023 and approved by Guizhou Province. The certification number is: Guizhou Recognition 20210002. The superior seed stems with a stem diameter of 1-1.5 cm (1,000-grain weight of 860 g) are used as test seeds;

[0092] S10. Seedbed preparation: Lay ground cloth in the greenhouse seedbed. The seedbed is more than 20 meters long, 1.7 meters wide, 0.12 meters deep, and 0.74 meters high from the ground. The bottom layer is made of steel wire mesh to prevent the substrate from falling and ensure air permeability and water permeability. Red bricks are used to separate the seedbed into small areas with a length of 1 meter and a width of 1.7 meters. The distance between each small area is 8 cm. Each seedbed is repeated. There are three seedbeds and three repeats in total, that is, each seedbed is divided into three small areas, and each small area has five small areas.

[0093] S20. Sowing: Spread a layer of the matrix in Examples 1-5 evenly in each small area of ​​the seedbed, and spread a thickness of about 3 cm in each small area of ​​the seedbed, and then start sowing, and evenly sow on the surface of the compartment according to the sowing amount of 900 seeds (weight 787g, equivalent to 538 seeds / square meter) per small area, and manually adjust the distance between the seeds to make it as uniform as possible, and then cover it with the prepared matrix of the same content, with a thickness of about 7 cm. After sowing, the thickness of the matrix is ​​maintained at about 10 cm; sowing in March 2024 and completed on the same day;

[0094] S30. Field management: After sowing Pinellia ternata in each small area, carry out water management, fertilizer management, disease management, temperature, humidity and shading management.

[0095] S31. Water management: Observe the humidity of the cultivation substrate at any time, and take the moistness of the cultivation substrate as the standard. If there is a lack of water, use the greenhouse's own spraying system to spray water. Watering should be uniform, and avoid excessive water, so as to prevent the water from exceeding the water storage capacity of the cultivation substrate and seeping out from the bottom, causing the nutrients in the substrate to be lost with the water. At the same time, excessive watering may also cause the pinellia seedlings to grow too tall, affecting normal production and development;

[0096] S32. Fertilizer management: Foliar fertilizer is mainly used. After the seedlings emerge, spray green energy water-soluble fertilizer between June and August of the same year according to the seedling conditions. That is, spray green energy water-soluble fertilizer according to the growth of the seedlings after the emergence of Pinellia ternata. When the seedlings grow poorly and the leaves turn yellow, spray once every week for 3 times in a row. When the seedlings grow well, less fertilizer can be applied or even not applied.

[0097] S33. Disease management: monitor the occurrence of diseases at any time. If any plants with root rot are found, remove them in time and remove the substrate 15cm around the diseased plants from the seedbed. At the same time, spray Dr. Root Rot for prevention;

[0098] S34. Temperature, humidity and shade management: Place a thermometer and hygrometer in the greenhouse to observe the temperature and humidity, and ensure that the temperature is kept between 23-28 degrees, not exceeding 28 degrees. When it exceeds 28 degrees, the skirt film and the doors at both ends of the greenhouse should be opened in time for ventilation and cooling. At the same time, according to the specific situation, especially after April when the sun starts to be strong, the shed should be covered with a shade net as soon as possible to keep the light in the shed soft and not exposed to strong sunlight;

[0099] S40. Harvesting. Harvest the Pinellia ternata that has undergone field management. That is, after the seedlings of Pinellia ternata fall over, if no secondary seedlings grow out, harvest them in time and record the yield in the entire small area. If secondary seedlings grow out, further analysis can be conducted to decide whether to harvest or partially sample and harvest to measure the yield and then continue management.

[0100] The harvesting conditions of the pinellia tuber of Example 6 are shown in the following table:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] According to the above data, for every 100kg of dry coconut bran, add 0.4kg urea (total N ≥ 46%), 0.5kg potassium sulfate (K 2 O≧52%), 1.234kg compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15, total nutrients ≧45%), and 10kg organic fertilizer. Under the above-mentioned field management method, the yield of fresh pinellia, output-input ratio, and reproduction rate were optimal, and the yield-input ratio and reproduction rate were significantly improved compared with those of open field cultivation.

[0104] During the planting process, there are basically no weeds, which saves the cost of manual weeding compared to open-field cultivation. Since the substrate does not carry weed seeds and residual weed rhizomes, there are basically no weeds during the production process, which effectively reduces the impact of weeds on the production of Pinellia ternata, and saves the cost of weeding compared to open-field cultivation.

[0105] And by adopting the field management of this application, water management and disease management are well controllable: due to the use of facility cultivation, the control of water and soil-borne diseases can be more precise, effectively avoiding the risk of drought and flooding in open-field cultivation, and the prevention and control of the main disease of Pinellia tuber rot can be more effective and precise

[0106] And it can produce better quality and healthier seed stems: At present, the artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata mainly uses Pinellia ternata seed stems as sowing materials, so the Pinellia ternata seed stems are required to be high quality and healthy, that is, the seed stems are moderate in size, full, with a low deformity rate and no mechanical damage. The main diseases in the production process, especially tuber rot, are well controlled, with no disease or mild disease, and the seed stems are free of bacteria or have less bacteria. The application of this method to the propagation of Pinellia ternata seed stems can more effectively reduce the impact of soil-borne diseases while ensuring high yields, improve the health of Pinellia ternata seed stems, and provide high-quality seeds for high and stable yields of Pinellia ternata.

[0107] The above is a detailed introduction to a Pinellia cultivation substrate, a preparation method and a Pinellia planting method provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0108] It should be noted that if no specific experimental steps or conditions are specified in the examples, the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in the field can be used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional reagent products that can be purchased commercially.

[0109] The above examples are intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting of the best implementation mode described herein, nor are they intended to limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention that is derived by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the present invention with features of other prior arts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation medium for Pinellia ternata, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts by weight of pretreated coconut husk, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of nitrogen-containing compound, 0.2-0.6 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 0.6-1.4 parts by weight of compound fertilizer and 4-12 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.

2. The pinellia cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific method of pre-treating the coconut chaff is to pile up the dry coconut chaff, and then pour 3-4 times the weight of clean water on the coconut chaff in small amounts and multiple times until the coconut chaff is soaked and completely scattered, and can be formed into a ball by hand and fall apart when it falls to the ground.

3. The pinellia cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The nitrogen-containing compound is one or more combinations of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate.

4. The pinellia cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The potash fertilizer is one or more combinations of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. The pinellia cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The compound fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide.

6. The pinellia cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic fertilizer comprises organic matter, humic acid, effective live bacteria and tobacco foam from healthy tobacco stems.

7. A method for preparing a cultivation medium for Pinellia ternata according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After the dry coconut husk is piled up, 3-4 times the weight of water is poured on the coconut husk in a small amount and multiple times until the coconut husk is completely wet and spread out, reaching the point where the hand can be squeezed into a ball, and the ground is scattered, and the pre-treated coconut husk is obtained; S2. The nitrogen-containing compound, potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are prepared in proportion and mixed evenly with the pretreated coconut husk to obtain a mixture; S3. The mixture is composted and fermented to obtain a cultivation medium.

8. The method for preparing the cultivation medium of Pinellia ternata according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S3, during the composting and fermentation process, film covering is first performed and then fermentation is performed.

9. A method for planting pinellia, characterized in that: The method of using the pinellia cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprises the following steps: S10. Seedbed preparation: Lay ground cloth in the seedbed in the greenhouse; S20. Sowing: Spreading the cultivation substrate in the seedbed for the first time, then evenly sowing the pinellia on the cultivation substrate, and then spreading and covering it with the cultivation substrate for the second time; S30. Field management: after sowing Pinellia ternata, carry out water management, fertilizer management, disease management, temperature, humidity and shade management. S40. Harvesting: harvesting the pinellia that has undergone field management.

10. The method for planting pinellia tuber according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step S20, the thickness of the cultivation substrate when it is spread for the first time is 2-4 cm; the thickness of the cultivation substrate when it is spread for the second time is 6-8 cm, and the total spreading thickness is 9-12 cm.

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