A water and fertilizer irrigation control method in sweet cherry cultivation process

Abstract

The application provides a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in sweet cherry cultivation process, and belongs to the field of nursery planting, and solves the problems of planting temperature, humidity and accurate control of irrigation amount.The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in sweet cherry cultivation process has the following steps: S1, the sweet cherry tree is planted in a seedling raising room for greenhouse seedling raising, and seed germination is waited;S2, multiple cultivation frames are placed in a greenhouse, multiple planting boxes are arranged on the cultivation frames, seedlings are placed in planting baskets, and the planting baskets are fixed on the planting boxes for cultivation; the greenhouse is provided with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation amount;S3, the seedlings are planted in the soil.The sweet cherry tree is strictly controlled in water and fertilizer and temperature during seedling raising and seedling cultivation in the application, so that the seedling development is healthy and rapid, and the growth and survival efficiency of the seedlings is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seedling cultivation and relates to a water and fertilizer irrigation method, particularly a water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the cultivation of sweet cherries. Background Technology

[0002] Sweet cherries are very popular. If high-quality and efficient cultivation is carried out in facilities to achieve early ripening of sweet cherry fruits, thereby meeting and extending the market supply period, it can bring high income to producers and operators.

[0003] Currently, smart greenhouses are an important application area of ​​agricultural Internet of Things (IoT). Supported by IoT technologies such as comprehensive sensing, reliable transmission, and intelligent processing, agricultural IoT aims to achieve automated production, optimal control, and intelligent management of greenhouses. It is also one of the areas with the most urgent application needs.

[0004] Therefore, the first consideration was to use intelligent greenhouses to cultivate sweet cherry trees and improve the growth quality of seedlings. During the planting process, intelligent greenhouses allow for precise control of temperature, humidity, and air circulation to promote high-quality seedling growth. After the seeds germinate, sweet cherry trees require multiple seedlings for cultivation. The growth status of these seedlings directly affects the quality of the mature seedlings, and the control of water and fertilizer for the seedlings is of paramount importance.

[0005] In existing equipment, how to control the temperature and humidity during seedling planting, and how to control the amount of irrigation during irrigation, are all problems that need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies by proposing a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation during the cultivation of sweet cherries.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation in sweet cherry cultivation, the steps of which are as follows:

[0009] S1. Seedling raising; Sweet cherry trees are planted in a greenhouse for seedling raising. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings are cultivated.

[0010] S2. Transplanting: Multiple cultivation racks are placed inside the greenhouse, and multiple planting boxes are set on the cultivation racks. Seedlings are placed in transplanting baskets, and then the transplanting baskets are fixed on the planting boxes for cultivation. The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation.

[0011] S3, Growth Stage: The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution periodically, delivering the nutrient solution to the water storage box, with the lower part of the seedling roots immersed in the water storage box; the distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 4-7 days to ensure that the seedling roots are not completely immersed in the water storage box; the water storage box is replaced or cleaned every week; the cultivation rack is ventilated every 2-4 hours.

[0012] S4, Mature;

[0013] Continue cultivating seedlings until they have more than 10 leaves, at which point they are considered mature. Once mature, transplant the seedlings into the soil.

[0014] In S2: S21, after transplanting, is the slow growth period; the intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 60-70%, temperature 20-30℃;

[0015] S22. After two weeks of slow growth cultivation, the seedling stage begins. The intelligent control system adjusts the seedling planting conditions to: humidity 50-60% and temperature 15-25℃.

[0016] S23. After two weeks of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the growth stage. The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the growth stage to: humidity 40-50% and temperature 15-25℃.

[0017] During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is kept constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 3-5 minutes.

[0018] During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the greenhouse temperature, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-8 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 1 hour.

[0019] During the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-10 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 0.5h.

[0020] In S2, the cultivation rack used includes a planting rack, a planting box, a water storage box, and an irrigation system;

[0021] The planting frame includes a base plate, a positioning plate, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate set at both ends of the base plate. The tops of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively connected to the two ends of the positioning plate. Multiple rows of support rods are arranged in parallel between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, with two support rods on the same horizontal plane forming a row.

[0022] Multiple planting boxes are placed side by side on the support rod, and the multiple planting boxes are arranged in a figure-eight shape from top to bottom along the direction that gradually moves away from the center of the first fixed plate;

[0023] The water storage boxes are placed side by side on the support rods. Each water storage box includes a water storage box body, with a first bending plate and a second bending plate on both sides of the water storage box body. Baffles are provided at both the front and rear ends of the water storage box body. The first bending plate and the second bending plate are hung on two support rods. Multiple water storage boxes are located directly below multiple planting boxes. The height of the second bending plate is lower than the height of the first bending plate, and the height of the baffles is higher than the height of the second bending plate, so that an outlet is formed at the top of the second bending plate.

[0024] In the two adjacent water storage boxes, the water outlet of the upper water storage box is located above the opening of the lower water storage box;

[0025] The irrigation system includes a water pump, a main pipe and multiple branch pipes. The branch pipes are flexible hoses. The water pump is fixed on the second fixed plate. The main pipe is located below the positioning plate. The inlet ends of the multiple branch pipes are connected to the main pipe respectively, and the outlet ends of the multiple branch pipes are directed towards the multiple water storage boxes at the top.

[0026] Two water collection tanks are placed on the base plate. The outlet of the bottom water storage box is located above the opening of the water collection tank. The base plate has mounting grooves at both ends for the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to be inserted.

[0027] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During the initial, slow-growing stage of seedling establishment, the seedlings are relatively fragile and grow rapidly, thus requiring a high humidity and temperature environment. During the seedling stage, the humidity requirement is lower, and this requirement is reduced further during the growth stage. As seedlings grow, rising temperatures increase their water demand; therefore, irrigation needs to be increased to meet the seedlings' water needs. The evaporation rate of seedlings varies at different stages, therefore, adjustments need to be made to achieve the optimal conditions at each stage.

[0028] Using the above structure, sweet cherry trees undergo strict water, fertilizer, and temperature control during seedling cultivation to ensure healthy and rapid seedling development, improving growth and survival rates. During the initial transplanting stage, seedlings are relatively fragile and grow rapidly, requiring high humidity and temperature. During the seedling stage, humidity requirements are lower, and during the growth stage, humidity requirements are further reduced. As seedlings grow, rising temperatures increase their water demand, necessitating increased irrigation to meet their needs. The evaporation rate varies at different stages, requiring adjustments to optimize conditions at each stage. The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system to regulate airflow and temperature. It also includes water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment controlled by the intelligent control system to achieve intelligent cultivation processes such as water and fertilizer mixing and irrigation. Simultaneously, multiple sensors monitoring temperature, humidity, and airflow speed are installed within the greenhouse to provide data to the intelligent control system for data storage and functional adjustments. Among them, the intelligent control system is existing equipment on the market and can be purchased.

[0029] The planting racks solve the problem of large land occupation associated with traditional land cultivation. The equipment also enables quantitative irrigation; when the nutrient solution in the water storage box is full, it overflows, and the overflowing solution is recycled, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. The planting boxes and water storage boxes are placed side-by-side on support rods. Plants (fruit seedlings, vegetable seedlings, etc.) are placed inside the planting boxes, and the irrigation system supplies nutrient solution into the water storage box. The plant roots extend downwards into the water storage box to absorb the nutrient solution. The planting boxes and water storage boxes are easily accessible on the support rods, making them more convenient to use. Multiple planting boxes are arranged in a figure-eight shape from top to bottom, gradually moving away from the center of the first fixed plate. This ensures that plants at the top do not affect the light exposure of plants below, and the staggered arrangement of all plants allows for more ample sunlight and healthier plant growth.

[0030] When the nutrient solution in the upper water storage box is full, it overflows from one side of the second bending plate and falls into the water storage box below it or into the planting box (the nutrient solution in the planting box will further flow into the water storage box below), thus ensuring that the nutrient solution fills all the water storage boxes sequentially. When the bottom water storage box is full, the nutrient solution overflows from one side of the second bending plate and falls into the collection tank.

[0031] The irrigation system is located at the top to irrigate all plants, and its convenient recycling process conserves resources and prevents waste. The irrigation system has a simple structure and is easy to use. It should be noted that solenoid valves can be installed on the main pipe and multiple branch pipes. These solenoid valves are connected to an intelligent control system to remotely control the irrigation time, duration, and quantity, making the process more intelligent.

[0032] The upper part of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate is provided with mounting holes for the positioning plate to pass through;

[0033] Both ends of the positioning plate are provided with strip holes, and at least one locking member is installed through each strip hole. The upper and lower ends of the locking member are clamped and fixed to the positioning plate. Multiple locking members abut against the outer walls of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to form a locking mechanism.

[0034] The second fixing plate is provided with a bracket for installing a water pump, and both the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are provided with through holes for the main pipe to pass through;

[0035] The inner walls of the first and second fixing plates have multiple blind holes for the insertion of support rods.

[0036] The outer side of the first fixing plate is provided with a storage box for storing the support rod;

[0037] The locking components include bolts and nuts.

[0038] With the above structure, the bottom plate has mounting slots at both ends for the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to be inserted. The planting frame is easy to disassemble and install. The planting frame can be used to support and fix the support rod and irrigation system, and has a wide range of applications.

[0039] The mounting groove on the base plate secures the bottom of the first and second fixing plates, while the positioning plate secures the top of both plates, ensuring the stability of the planting frame and maximizing the overall stability of the equipment. The positioning plate is easily adjustable, allowing for optimal positioning of the first and second fixing plates. The storage box quickly stores the support rods, preventing their loss.

[0040] Among them, a locking element can be set on both sides of the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate, that is, the two locking elements clamp the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate, thereby improving the overall stability of the equipment.

[0041] The planting box includes a box body, with hanging plates on both sides of the box body. The hanging plates are bent and hung on a support rod.

[0042] The box body has multiple fixed holes, and each fixed hole has a positioning hole next to it. The positioning hole is a blind hole or a threaded through hole. The planting basket is placed inside the fixed hole, and the positioning post is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole.

[0043] The above structure makes the planting box simple and easy to install. The planting basket is placed into the positioning hole, and the plant roots extend downwards through the basket to absorb the nutrient solution, making it convenient to use. Positioning posts are inserted into or screwed into the positioning holes for easy operation.

[0044] The positioning post has multiple annular grooves on its circumference from top to bottom. The annular grooves are equipped with elastic ropes for fixing the plants, or one end of the rope is tied tightly in the annular groove and the other end of the rope is tied to the middle of the seedling.

[0045] Using the above structure, the positioning column can support and guide the plant. The plant is tied to the positioning column by elastic ropes, which supports the plant and allows it to grow in a predetermined direction.

[0046] Two rows of support rods are arranged vertically below the planting box, and the water storage box can be placed on either row of support rods.

[0047] Using the above structure, when the plant's rhizomes are relatively short, place the water storage box closer to (relatively above) the planting box to ensure that the rhizomes can successfully absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box.

[0048] Once the plant's rhizomes have grown quite long, to prevent the roots from tangling and being completely submerged in the nutrient solution, place the water storage box below the planting box. This allows the rhizomes to hang down naturally, ensuring that the bottom of the rhizomes falls into the water storage box so that the rhizomes can easily absorb the nutrient solution.

[0049] The water storage box can be freely adjusted. Since the growth cycle and growth rate of plants of the same type and in the same batch are basically the same, the position of the water storage box can be adjusted uniformly to ensure the normal use of the irrigation system.

[0050] Compared with existing technologies, the water and fertilizer irrigation control method in this sweet cherry cultivation process has the following advantages:

[0051] 1. In this invention, strict water, fertilizer, and temperature control is implemented for sweet cherry trees during seedling cultivation to ensure healthy and rapid seedling development, thereby improving seedling growth and survival rates. The greenhouse is equipped with water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment, which is controlled by an intelligent control system to achieve intelligent cultivation processes such as water and fertilizer mixing and irrigation. Simultaneously, multiple sensors monitoring temperature, humidity, and airflow speed are installed within the greenhouse to provide the monitored data to the intelligent control system for data storage and intelligent adjustment.

[0052] 2. In this invention, planting is carried out using a planting rack, which solves the problem of large area occupation in traditional land planting. Furthermore, the equipment can achieve quantitative irrigation; that is, when the nutrient solution in the water storage box is full, it overflows, and the overflowing nutrient solution is recycled and reused, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. The planting box and water storage box are placed side-by-side on the support rod. Plants (fruit seedlings, vegetable seedlings, etc.) are placed inside the planting box for planting. The irrigation system supplies nutrient solution into the water storage box, and the plant roots extend downwards into the water storage box to absorb the nutrient solution. The planting box and water storage box are easy to place and use on the support rod. Multiple planting boxes are arranged in a figure-eight shape from top to bottom, gradually moving away from the center of the first fixed plate. This ensures that the plants above do not affect the light exposure of the plants below, and the staggered arrangement of all plants allows for more sufficient light exposure and healthier plant growth. When the nutrient solution in the upper water storage box is full, it overflows from one side of the second bending plate and falls into the water storage box below it or into the planting box (the nutrient solution in the planting box will further flow into the water storage box below), thus ensuring that the nutrient solution fills all the water storage boxes sequentially. When the bottom water storage box is full, the nutrient solution overflows from one side of the second bending plate and falls into the collection tank.

[0053] 3. In this invention, mounting slots are respectively provided at both ends of the base plate for the insertion of the first and second fixing plates. The planting frame is easy to disassemble and install, and can be used to support and fix support rods and irrigation systems, making it widely applicable. The mounting slots on the base plate can fix the bottoms of the first and second fixing plates, and the positioning plate can fix the tops of the first and second fixing plates, thus ensuring the stability of the planting frame itself and maximizing the overall stability of the equipment. The positioning plate is easy to adjust, allowing the first and second fixing plates to be fixed in the most suitable position. A locking element is provided on both sides of the first and second fixing plates; that is, the two locking elements clamp the first and second fixing plates together, thereby improving the overall stability of the equipment.

[0054] 4. In this invention, the planting box has a simple structure and is easy to install; the planting basket is placed into the positioning hole, and the plant roots extend downward through the planting basket to absorb nutrient solution, making it convenient to use. Positioning posts are inserted into or screwed into the positioning holes for easy use. The positioning posts provide support and guidance for the plant; the plant is secured to the positioning posts with elastic cords, which support the plant and ensure it grows in a predetermined direction.

[0055] 5. In this invention, when the plant's rhizomes are short, the water storage box is placed closer to (relatively above) the planting box to ensure the rhizomes can easily absorb the nutrient solution. When the plant's rhizomes are longer, to prevent them from tangling, the water storage box is placed further away from (relatively below) the planting box, allowing the rhizomes to hang naturally and ensuring the bottom of the rhizomes falls into the water storage box, enabling the rhizomes to easily absorb the nutrient solution. Furthermore, the water storage box is adjustable. Since plants of the same type and batch have similar growth cycles and rates, the position of the water storage box can be adjusted uniformly, ensuring the normal operation of the irrigation system. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the seedling positioning process of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the seedling cultivation rack in this invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of one side of the second fixing plate in this invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the planting rack in this invention.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the planting box and water storage box in this invention.

[0063] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the water storage box in this invention.

[0064] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning column in this invention.

[0065] In the diagram, 1. First fixing plate; 10. Mounting hole; 11. Storage box; 2. Second fixing plate; 20. Through hole; 21. Bracket; 22. Water pump; 23. Main pipe; 24. Branch pipe; 3. Base plate; 31. Mounting groove; 4. Positioning plate; 41. Strip hole; 42. Locking piece; 5. Planting box; 50. Box body; 51. Hanging plate; 52. Positioning hole; 53. Planting hole; 54. Planting basket; 6. Water storage box; 60. Water storage box body; 61. First bending plate; 62. Second bending plate; 63. Baffle; 7. Water collection tank; 8. Positioning post; 81. Annular groove; 82. Thread; 9. Support rod; 90. Blind hole. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0067] Example 1:

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation during the cultivation of sweet cherries, and the steps are as follows:

[0069] S1. Seedling raising; Sweet cherry trees are planted in a greenhouse for seedling raising. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings are cultivated.

[0070] S2. Transplanting: Place multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, and set multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks. Place the seedlings in the transplanting baskets, and then fix the transplanting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation.

[0071] The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity and temperature inside the greenhouse.

[0072] S21. After transplanting, the plant enters a slow growth period.

[0073] The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 65% ​​and temperature 25℃.

[0074] During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 4 minutes.

[0075] S22, after two weeks of slow growth cultivation, enters the seedling stage;

[0076] The intelligent control system adjusts the seedling planting conditions to: humidity 55% and temperature 20℃.

[0077] During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 6 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 1 hour.

[0078] S23. After two weeks of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the growth stage.

[0079] The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions during the growth period to: humidity 45% and temperature 20℃.

[0080] S3, Growth stage;

[0081] The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution periodically. The nutrient solution is delivered to the water storage box, and the lower part of the seedling roots is immersed in the water storage box.

[0082] The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 6 days to ensure that the seedling roots are not completely submerged in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned every week.

[0083] The cultivation racks are ventilated every 2-4 hours.

[0084] During the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 8 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 0.5h.

[0085] S4, Mature;

[0086] Continue cultivating seedlings until they have more than 10 leaves, at which point they are considered mature. Once mature, transplant the seedlings into the soil.

[0087] Example 2:

[0088] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation during the cultivation of sweet cherries, and the steps are as follows:

[0089] S1. Seedling raising; Sweet cherry trees are planted in a greenhouse for seedling raising. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings are cultivated.

[0090] S2. Transplanting: Place multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, and set multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks. Place the seedlings in the transplanting baskets, and then fix the transplanting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation.

[0091] The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity and temperature inside the greenhouse.

[0092] S21. After transplanting, the plant enters a slow growth period.

[0093] The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 65% ​​and temperature 25℃.

[0094] During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 4 minutes.

[0095] S22, after two weeks of slow growth cultivation, enters the seedling stage;

[0096] The intelligent control system adjusts the seedling planting conditions to: humidity 55% and temperature 20℃.

[0097] During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 6 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 1 hour.

[0098] S23. After two weeks of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the growth stage.

[0099] The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions during the growth period to: humidity 45% and temperature 20℃.

[0100] S3, Growth stage;

[0101] The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution periodically. The nutrient solution is delivered to the water storage box, and the lower part of the seedling roots is immersed in the water storage box.

[0102] The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 6 days to ensure that the seedling roots are not completely submerged in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned every week.

[0103] The cultivation racks are ventilated every 3 hours.

[0104] During the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 8 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 0.5h.

[0105] S4, Mature;

[0106] Continue cultivating seedlings until they have more than 10 leaves, at which point they are considered mature. Once mature, transplant the seedlings into the soil.

[0107] like Figure 2-9 As shown, in S2, the cultivation rack used includes a planting rack, a planting box 5, a water storage box 6, and an irrigation system;

[0108] The planting frame includes a base plate 3, a positioning plate 4, a first fixing plate 1 and a second fixing plate 2 set at both ends of the base plate 3. The tops of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 are respectively connected to the two ends of the positioning plate 4. Multiple rows of support rods 9 are arranged in parallel between the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2. Two support rods 9 located on the same horizontal plane form a row.

[0109] Multiple planting boxes 5 are placed side by side on the support rod 9, and the multiple planting boxes 5 are arranged in a figure-eight shape from top to bottom, gradually moving away from the center of the first fixed plate 1.

[0110] Water storage boxes 6 are placed side by side on support rods 9. Each water storage box 6 includes a water storage box body 60. A first bending plate 61 and a second bending plate 62 are provided on both sides of the water storage box body 60. Baffles 63 are provided at both the front and rear ends of the water storage box body 60. The first bending plate 61 and the second bending plate 62 are hung on two support rods 9. Multiple water storage boxes 6 are located directly below multiple planting boxes 5. The height of the second bending plate 62 is lower than the height of the first bending plate 61, and the height of the baffle 63 is higher than the height of the second bending plate 62, so as to form an outlet at the top of the second bending plate 62.

[0111] In the two adjacent water storage boxes 6, the water outlet of the upper water storage box 6 is located above the opening of the lower water storage box 6;

[0112] The irrigation system includes a water pump 22, a main pipe 23 and multiple branch pipes 24. The branch pipes 24 are flexible hoses. The water pump 22 is fixed on the second fixing plate 2. The main pipe 23 is located below the positioning plate 4. The inlet ends of the multiple branch pipes 24 are respectively connected to the main pipe 23, and the outlet ends of the multiple branch pipes 24 are respectively facing the multiple water storage boxes 6 at the top.

[0113] Two water collection tanks 7 are placed on the base plate 3. The outlet of the bottom water storage box 6 is located above the opening of the water collection tank 7. The base plate 3 has mounting grooves 31 at both ends for the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 to be inserted.

[0114] Using the above structure, sweet cherry trees undergo strict water, fertilizer, and temperature control during seedling cultivation to ensure healthy and rapid seedling development, improving growth and survival rates. During the initial transplanting stage, seedlings are relatively fragile and grow rapidly, requiring high humidity and temperature in the transplanting environment. During the seedling stage, humidity requirements are lower, and during the growth stage, humidity requirements are further reduced. As seedlings grow, rising temperatures increase their water demand; therefore, irrigation needs to be increased to meet the seedlings' water needs. The evaporation rate of seedlings varies at different stages, so adjustments need to be made to achieve optimal conditions at each stage.

[0115] It should be noted that the seedling raising and seedling cultivation processes in this invention are carried out in a seedling cultivation greenhouse and a greenhouse, respectively. The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system to regulate airflow and temperature. The greenhouse is also equipped with water and fertilizer mixing / supply equipment, which the intelligent control system controls to achieve intelligent cultivation processes such as water and fertilizer mixing and irrigation. Simultaneously, the greenhouse is equipped with multiple sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, and airflow speed, providing the monitored data to the intelligent control system for data storage and intelligent adjustment. The intelligent control system is readily available on the market and can be purchased.

[0116] Using the above structure, planting racks solve the problem of large area occupation in traditional land planting. In addition, the equipment can achieve quantitative irrigation. That is, after the nutrient solution in the water storage box 6 is full, it will overflow. The overflowing nutrient solution is recycled and reused, achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0117] Planting boxes 5 and water storage boxes 6 are placed side by side on support rods 9. Plants (fruit seedlings, vegetable seedlings, etc.) are placed inside planting boxes 5 for planting. The irrigation system supplies nutrient solution into the water storage box 60. The roots of the plants extend downwards into the water storage box 60 to absorb the nutrient solution. Planting boxes 5 and water storage boxes 6 are easy to pick up and put down on support rods 9, making them more convenient to use. Multiple planting boxes 5 are arranged in a figure-eight shape from top to bottom, gradually moving away from the center of the first fixed plate 1. This ensures that the plants on top do not affect the light of the plants below. All plants are staggered to obtain more light and grow healthier.

[0118] When the nutrient solution inside the upper water storage box 60 is full, it overflows from one side of the second bending plate 62 and falls into the water storage box 60 below it or into the planting box 5 (the nutrient solution in the planting box 5 will further flow into the water storage box 60 below), thus ensuring that the nutrient solution fills all the water storage boxes 60 in sequence. When the nutrient solution in the lowermost water storage box 60 is full, it overflows from one side of the second bending plate 62 and falls into the water collection tank 7.

[0119] With the above structure, the irrigation system is positioned at the top to irrigate all plants, and the system is easy to recycle, saving resources and preventing waste. The irrigation system has a simple structure and is easy to use. It should be noted that solenoid valves can be installed on the main pipe 23 and multiple branch pipes 24. These solenoid valves are connected to an intelligent control system to remotely control the irrigation time, duration, and quantity, making the process more intelligent.

[0120] The upper part of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 is provided with mounting holes 10 for the positioning plate 4 to pass through;

[0121] Both ends of the positioning plate 4 are provided with strip holes 41, and at least one locking member 42 is provided through each strip hole 41. The upper and lower ends of the locking member 42 are clamped and fixed to the positioning plate 4. Multiple locking members 42 abut against the outer side walls of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 respectively to form a locking mechanism.

[0122] The second fixing plate 2 is provided with a bracket 21 for installing the water pump 22. Both the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 are provided with through holes 20 for the main pipe 23 to pass through.

[0123] Multiple blind holes 90 are provided on the inner walls of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 for the insertion of the support rod 9.

[0124] The outer side of the first fixing plate 1 is provided with a storage box 11 for storing the support rod 9;

[0125] The locking element 42 includes a bolt and a nut.

[0126] The outer side of the first fixing plate 1 is provided with a storage box 11 for storing the support rod 9.

[0127] With the above structure, the bottom plate 3 has mounting grooves 31 at both ends for the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 to be inserted. The planting frame is easy to disassemble and install. The planting frame can be used to support and fix the support rod 9 and the irrigation system, and has a wide range of applications.

[0128] The mounting groove 31 of the base plate 3 can fix the bottom of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, and the positioning plate 4 can fix the top of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, thereby ensuring the stability of the planting rack itself and ensuring the overall stability of the equipment to the best extent. The positioning plate 4 is easy to adjust and can fix the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2 in the most suitable position; the storage box 1 can quickly store the support rod 9 to prevent the support rod 9 from being lost.

[0129] It should be noted that a locking element 42 can be provided on both sides of the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, that is, the two locking elements 42 clamp the first fixing plate 1 and the second fixing plate 2, thereby improving the overall stability of the equipment.

[0130] The planting box 5 includes a box body 50, with hanging plates 51 on both sides of the box body 50. The hanging plates 51 are bent and are hung on the support rod 9.

[0131] The box body 50 has multiple fixed holes 53, and each fixed hole 53 has a positioning hole 52 next to it. The positioning hole 52 is a blind hole or a threaded through hole. The planting basket 54 is placed inside the fixed hole 53, and the positioning post 8 is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole 52.

[0132] With the above structure, the planting box 5 is simple and easy to install; the planting basket 54 is placed into the positioning hole 53, and the plant roots pass downward through the planting basket 54 to absorb the nutrient solution, making it convenient to use. The positioning post 8 is inserted into or screwed into the positioning hole 52 for easy use.

[0133] Multiple annular grooves 81 are formed on the circumference of the positioning post 8 from top to bottom;

[0134] The annular groove 81 is equipped with an elastic rope for fixing the plant, or one end of the rope is tied tightly in the annular groove 81 and the other end of the rope is tied to the middle of the seedling.

[0135] With the above structure, the positioning column 8 can support and guide the plant. The plant is bound to the positioning column 8 by elastic rope, which supports the plant and allows the plant to grow in a predetermined direction.

[0136] Two rows of support rods 9 are set vertically below the planting box 5, and the water storage box 6 can be placed on any row of support rods 9.

[0137] With the above structure, when the plant's rhizomes are relatively short, the water storage box 6 is placed close to (relatively above) the planting box 5 to ensure that the rhizomes can successfully absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box 6.

[0138] When the plant's rhizomes grow longer, in order to prevent the roots from tangling and being completely submerged in the nutrient solution, place the water storage box 6 below the planting box 5, so that the rhizomes hang down naturally and the bottom of the rhizomes falls into the water storage box 6, allowing the rhizomes to absorb the nutrient solution in the water storage box 6 smoothly.

[0139] With the above structure, the water storage box 6 can be freely adjusted. Since the growth cycle and growth rate of plants of the same type in the same batch are basically the same, the position of the water storage box 6 can be adjusted uniformly to ensure the normal use of the irrigation system.

[0140] Example 3:

[0141] This embodiment provides a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation during sweet cherry cultivation, the steps of which are as follows:

[0142] S1. Seedling raising; Sweet cherry trees are planted in a greenhouse for seedling raising. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings are cultivated.

[0143] S2. Transplanting: Place multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, and set multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks. Place the seedlings in the transplanting baskets, and then fix the transplanting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation.

[0144] The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation volume. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the ambient humidity and temperature inside the greenhouse.

[0145] S21. After transplanting, the plant enters a slow growth period.

[0146] The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 60% and temperature 20℃.

[0147] During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 3 minutes.

[0148] S22, after two weeks of slow growth cultivation, enters the seedling stage;

[0149] The intelligent control system adjusts the seedling planting conditions to: humidity 50% and temperature 15℃.

[0150] During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the greenhouse temperature, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 1 hour.

[0151] S23. After two weeks of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the growth stage.

[0152] The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions during the growth period to: humidity 40% and temperature 15℃.

[0153] S3, Growth stage;

[0154] The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution periodically. The nutrient solution is delivered to the water storage box, and the lower part of the seedling roots is immersed in the water storage box.

[0155] The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 4 days to ensure that the seedling roots are not completely submerged in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned every week.

[0156] The cultivation racks are ventilated every 2 hours.

[0157] During the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 0.5h.

[0158] S4, Mature;

[0159] Continue cultivating seedlings until they have more than 10 leaves, at which point they are considered mature. Once mature, transplant the seedlings into the soil.

[0160] The equipment used in this embodiment is the same as that used in Embodiment 2, the difference being the process conditions.

[0161] Example 4:

[0162] This embodiment provides a method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation during sweet cherry cultivation, the steps of which are as follows:

[0163] S1. Seedling raising; Sweet cherry trees are planted in a greenhouse for seedling raising. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings are cultivated.

[0164] S2. Transplanting: Place multiple cultivation racks in the greenhouse, and set multiple planting boxes on the cultivation racks. Place the seedlings in the transplanting baskets, and then fix the transplanting baskets on the planting boxes for cultivation.

[0165] The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the humidity inside the greenhouse to 40%-70% and the temperature inside the greenhouse to 15-30℃.

[0166] S21. After transplanting, the plant enters a slow growth period.

[0167] The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 70% and temperature 30℃.

[0168] During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5 minutes.

[0169] S22, after two weeks of slow growth cultivation, enters the seedling stage;

[0170] The intelligent control system adjusts the seedling planting conditions to: humidity 60% and temperature 25℃.

[0171] During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the greenhouse temperature, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 8 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 1 hour.

[0172] S23. After two weeks of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the growth stage.

[0173] The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions during the growth period to: humidity 50% and temperature 25℃.

[0174] S3, Growth stage;

[0175] The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution periodically. The nutrient solution is delivered to the water storage box, and the lower part of the seedling roots is immersed in the water storage box.

[0176] The distance between the water storage box and the planting box is adjusted every 7 days to ensure that the seedling roots are not completely submerged in the water storage box; and the water storage box is replaced or cleaned every week.

[0177] The cultivation racks are ventilated every 4 hours.

[0178] During the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 10 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 0.5h.

[0179] S4, Mature;

[0180] Continue cultivating seedlings until they have more than 10 leaves, at which point they are considered mature. Once mature, transplant the seedlings into the soil.

[0181] The equipment used in this embodiment is the same as that used in Embodiment 2, the difference being the process conditions.

[0182] Experimental example:

[0183] Planting tests were conducted and compared using the planting methods of Examples 1 to 4. The seedling survival rate, maturity time (the time required for seedlings to develop from the growth stage to maturity), and root length after maturity were measured. The test results for Examples 1 to 4 of this application are as follows:

[0184]

[0185] According to the above data, the only difference between Example 1 and Example 2 is the equipment. The survival rate and maturity period of sweet cherry seedlings in Example 2 are significantly better than those in Example 1. Therefore, using the equipment in this invention can comprehensively improve the healthy growth of seedling roots, increase the survival rate, and promote the rapid maturity of seedlings.

[0186] Compared with Example 2, Examples 3 and 4 differ only in processing conditions; the equipment used in the production steps is the same. The survival rate and maturity period of the sweet cherry seedlings prepared in Examples 3 and 4 are significantly lower than those in Example 2. This shows that different processing conditions can also affect the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0187] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling water and fertilizer irrigation in the cultivation of sweet cherries, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1, Seedling raising; Sweet cherry trees are planted in a greenhouse for seedling cultivation. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings are nurtured. S2, Planting; Multiple cultivation racks are placed inside the greenhouse, and multiple planting boxes are set on the cultivation racks. Seedlings are placed in planting baskets, and then the planting baskets are fixed on the planting boxes for cultivation. The greenhouse is equipped with an intelligent control system for controlling temperature, humidity and adjusting irrigation. The intelligent control system is used to adjust the humidity inside the greenhouse to 40%-70% and the temperature inside the greenhouse to 15-30℃. S3, Growth stage; The intelligent control system controls the irrigation equipment to replenish the nutrient solution periodically. The nutrient solution is delivered to the water storage box, and the lower part of the seedling roots is immersed in the water storage box. The distance between the water storage box and the planting box should be adjusted every 4-7 days to ensure that the seedling roots are not completely submerged in the water storage box; and the water storage box should be replaced or cleaned every week. The cultivation racks are ventilated every 2-4 hours. S4, Mature; Continue cultivating seedlings until they have more than 10 leaves, at which point they are considered mature. Once mature, transplant the seedlings into soil. In S2: S21. After transplanting, the plant enters a slow growth period. The intelligent control system adjusts the planting conditions during the slow growth period to: humidity 60-70% and temperature 20-30℃. S22, after two weeks of slow growth cultivation, enters the seedling stage; The intelligent control system adjusts the seedling planting conditions to: humidity 50-60% and temperature 15-25℃. S23. After two weeks of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the growth stage. The intelligent control system adjusts the growing conditions during the growth period to: humidity 40-50%, temperature 15-25℃; the seedlings in the growth period continue to be cultivated for 2-4 weeks. During the slow growth period: when the temperature is 20℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is kept constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 3-5 minutes. During the seedling stage: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 2 hours. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature in the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-8 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 1 hour. During the growth period: when the temperature is 15℃, the nutrient solution addition cycle is constant at 1.5h. For every 1℃ increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse, the nutrient solution addition cycle is reduced by 5-10 minutes, with the minimum addition cycle being 0.5h.

2. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the cultivation of sweet cherries according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the cultivation rack used includes a planting rack, a planting box (5), a water storage box (6), and an irrigation system; The planting frame includes a base plate (3), a positioning plate (4), a first fixing plate (1) and a second fixing plate (2) set at both ends of the base plate (3). The tops of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) are respectively connected to the two ends of the positioning plate (4). Multiple rows of support rods (9) are arranged in parallel between the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2). Two support rods (9) located on the same horizontal plane form a row. Multiple planting boxes (5) are placed side by side on the support rod (9), and the multiple planting boxes (5) are arranged in a figure-eight shape from top to bottom along the direction that gradually moves away from the center of the first fixed plate (1); The water storage boxes (6) are placed side by side on the support rods (9). The water storage box (6) includes a water storage box body (60). A first bending plate (61) and a second bending plate (62) are provided on both sides of the water storage box body (60). Baffles (63) are provided at both the front and rear ends of the water storage box body (60). The first bending plate (61) and the second bending plate (62) are hung on two support rods (9). Multiple water storage boxes (6) are located directly below multiple planting boxes (5) in a one-to-one correspondence. The height of the second bending plate (62) is lower than the height of the first bending plate (61), and the height of the baffle (63) is higher than the height of the second bending plate (62) so as to form an outlet at the top of the second bending plate (62). In the two adjacent water storage boxes (6), the opening of the upper water storage box (6) is located above the opening of the lower water storage box (6); The irrigation system includes a water pump (22), a main pipe (23) and multiple branch pipes (24). The branch pipes (24) are flexible hoses. The water pump (22) is fixed on the second fixing plate (2). The main pipe (23) is located below the positioning plate (4). The inlet ends of the multiple branch pipes (24) are connected to the main pipe (23) respectively, and the outlet ends of the multiple branch pipes (24) are respectively facing the multiple water storage boxes (6) at the top. Two water collection tanks (7) are placed on the base plate (3). The outlet of the bottom water storage box (6) is located above the opening of the water collection tank (7). The base plate (3) has mounting grooves (31) at both ends for the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) to be inserted.

3. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the cultivation of sweet cherries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper part of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) is provided with mounting holes (10) for the positioning plate (4) to pass through. Both ends of the positioning plate (4) are provided with strip holes (41), and at least one locking member (42) is provided through each strip hole (41). The upper and lower ends of the locking member (42) are clamped and fixed with the positioning plate (4). Multiple locking members (42) abut against the outer side walls of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) respectively to form a locking mechanism. The second fixing plate (2) is provided with a bracket (21) for installing the water pump (22), and the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) are both provided with through holes (20) for the main pipe (23) to pass through. The inner walls of the first fixing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (2) are provided with multiple blind holes (90) for the insertion of the support rod (9). The first fixing plate (1) has a storage box (11) on its outer side for storing the support rod (9); The locking element (42) includes a bolt and a nut.

4. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the cultivation of sweet cherries according to claim 3, characterized in that, The planting box (5) includes a box body (50), and hanging plates (51) are provided on both sides of the box body (50). The hanging plates (51) are bent and are hung on the support rod (9). The box body (50) has multiple planting holes (53), and each planting hole (53) has a positioning hole (52) next to it. The positioning hole (52) is a blind hole or a threaded through hole. A planting basket (54) is placed inside the planting hole (53), and a positioning post (8) is inserted or screwed into the positioning hole (52).

5. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the cultivation of sweet cherries according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positioning post (8) has multiple annular grooves (81) from top to bottom on its circumference. The annular grooves (81) are provided with elastic ropes for fixing the plants, or one end of the rope is tied tightly in the annular grooves (81), and the other end of the rope is tied to the middle of the seedling.

6. The water and fertilizer irrigation control method in the cultivation of sweet cherries according to claim 5, characterized in that, Two rows of support rods (9) are arranged vertically below the planting box (5), and the water storage box (6) can be placed on any row of support rods (9).

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