Forging process method for annular forge piece

Abstract

The invention discloses an annular forge piece forging process method, which belongs to the technical field of annular forge piece forging, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, blanking: feeding raw materials into a heating furnace for heating after the raw materials are detected to be qualified; b, pre-forging is conducted, specifically, the heated blank is flatly laid on a forging die to be flattened, a pre-forging cavity is formed in the forging die, the flattened blank is put into the pre-forging cavity to be pre-forged, and an initial forge piece is preliminarily formed; c, punching: placing the annular forge piece on a compound die for punching after pre-forging, and returning the annular forge piece to a furnace for heating after removing a part of redundant metal in the middle of the wad; d, finish forging is conducted, specifically, the annular forge piece heated after remelting is put into a finish forging cavity in the forging die to be subjected to finish forging; e, trimming: trimming the forge piece by using a composite die after finish forging of the annular forge piece; and f, sand blasting and polishing are conducted, specifically, the blank obtained after finish forging is subjected to sand blasting and polishing. According to the scheme, one-heating-half forming of forgings can be achieved, the production period is shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the quality is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ring forging, in particular to a ring forging forging process method. Background Art

[0002] In the forging of annular forgings, according to the law of least resistance, when the forging body is completely filled, the excess metal with the skin quickly flows to the burr of the forging, and drives the metal near it to flow to the burr of the forging together, so that the two metals converge, resulting in the generation of through-flow, thereby affecting the forging quality of the forging. In order to prevent through-flow, the existing forging process of annular forgings is designed as two-fire-one-calibration, that is, after the first heating forging, the forging is trimmed to remove the excess metal with the skin, then sandblasting, grinding and heating, and then secondary heating forging, and then trimming and punching, sandblasting, grinding and heating are calibrated, and sandblasting, grinding and heat treatment are performed again after calibration, and the final product is obtained after physical and chemical treatment and testing; this process not only has many and complex processes, but also has more burrs after calibration, which requires multiple grinding and removal, resulting in increased grinding amount, high grinding difficulty, and difficulty in manual control, which is easy to cause the local position size to exceed the specification or defect, and the scrap rate is high. In view of this, a forging process method for annular forgings is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a forging process method for annular forgings, which can achieve one-fire and half-forming of forgings, shorten the production cycle, improve production efficiency and high quality.

[0004] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A forging process method for annular forgings comprises the following steps: a. Unloading: After the raw materials are tested and qualified, they are put into the heating furnace for heating; b. Pre-forging: The heated blank is laid flat on the forging die for flattening, and a pre-forging cavity is set on the forging die. The flattened blank is placed in the pre-forging cavity for pre-forging to initially form an initial forging; c. Punching: After pre-forging, place the ring forging on the compound die to punch small holes, remove the excess metal in the middle of the skin and return it to the furnace for heating; d. Final forging: Place the reheated annular forging into the final forging cavity on the forging die for final forging; e. Trimming and punching: After the ring forging is final forged, a composite die is used to perform trimming and punching operations on the forging; f. Sand blasting and grinding: The final forged billet is sand blasted and ground, then heat treated, sand blasted and then subjected to physical and chemical treatment after heat treatment, and finally the finished product is made and tested for storage.

[0005] In some embodiments, the forging die includes the pre-forging cavity and the final forging cavity, the pre-forging cavity and the final forging cavity are centrally symmetrically arranged, and also includes a burr groove, the burr groove is provided with a flattening groove, and a material blocking platform is provided on the burr groove.

[0006] In some embodiments, a storage bin is provided on the final forging cavity.

[0007] In some embodiments, the punching of small holes in the ring forging after pre-forging in step c and the trimming and punching of the ring forging after final forging in step e are performed in combination on the composite die. In some embodiments, the composite mold includes a male mold and a female mold, the male mold is installed on a punching machine, the male mold is provided with a trimming punch and a pre-forging punch, the female mold is provided with a final forging edge and a pre-forging edge, the female mold is provided with a punching head at the position of the final forging edge, and a retaining ring is provided at the bottom of the punching head.

[0008] In some embodiments, a groove is provided in the middle of the punching head, and a discharge rack is provided on the female die above the pre-forging cutting edge.

[0009] In some embodiments, the female die also includes a positioning mechanism, which is located on the side of the final forging edge. The positioning mechanism includes two positioning tooth plates, and a gear rod is meshed on the positioning tooth plates. The gear rod is rotatably connected to the female die, and a handle is fixedly connected to the gear rod.

[0010] In some embodiments, the die and auxiliary tools are preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is 350° C., and the preheating time is ≥1.5 hours.

[0011] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention replaces the two-fire-one-calibration forming method of the original process by a forging method of pre-forging plus final forging, designs a pre-forging cavity and optimizes the final forging cavity, thereby reducing the resistance of the excess metal of the forging skin flowing along the outer contour of the forging, preventing the generation of flow through the outer contour of the forging, and improving the quality of the ring forging; A composite die is also used to punch holes in the pre-forged forgings to remove excess metal in the middle of the skin, replacing the original process of cutting edges after one fire. At the same time, the final forged forgings are trimmed and punched, replacing the original process of die forging two fires, first trimming with a trimming die and then punching with a punching die, to achieve one-fire and half-forming of the forgings, reducing the number of fires, simplifying the process, shortening the production cycle, reducing the scrap rate and improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the forging die of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the forging die of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the final forging cavity of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite membrane of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the annular forging after pre-forging of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the ring forging after final forging of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the male mold of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the female mold of the present invention; Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view of the composite mold of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0013] In the figure: 1. forging die; 11. pre-forging cavity; 12. final forging cavity; 121. storage bin; 13. flattening groove; 14. burr groove; 15. material blocking table; 2. male die; 21. trimming and punching punch; 22. pre-forging punching head; 3. female die; 31. trimming and punching punch; 32. pre-forging cutting edge; 4. unloading rack; 5. punching head; 51. retaining ring; 6. annular forging after pre-forging; 7. annular forging after final forging; 8. positioning mechanism; 81. tooth plate; 82. gear rod; 83. handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] See also Figure 1-11 , a ring forging forging process method, comprising the following steps: a. Cutting: The raw materials will be reduced from Φ40×60 to Φ40×45, which will reduce the material cost and facilitate direct forging during pre-forging, reducing the metal flow in the middle of the billet. After passing the inspection, the billet will be put into a heating furnace at a temperature of 1160℃±20 for heating; b. Pre-forging: The heated blank is laid flat on the flattening groove 13 of the forging die 1 and flattened to a thickness of 16 mm, and a pre-forging cavity 11 is provided on the forging die 1. The flattened blank is placed in the pre-forging cavity 11 for pre-forging to preliminarily form an initial forging, i.e., a pre-forged annular forging 6; c. Punching: After pre-forging, the ring forging is placed on the pre-forging edge 32 of the composite die to punch a small hole, and a part of the excess metal in the middle of the skin is removed, thereby reducing the projection area of ​​the forging, improving the fluidity of the metal to the middle skin of the ring forging, and facilitating the subsequent final forging to directly hit (there are two forging dies 1, and the hitting is to make the die surfaces of the two forging dies 1 fit as closely as possible, and the vertical underpressure of the ring forging is as small as possible), and then return to the furnace for heating for 10 minutes; d. Final forging: The annular forging after reheating is placed in the final forging cavity 12 on the forging die 1 for final forging to form a final forged annular forging 7; e. Trimming: After the ring forging is final forged, the trimming punch 21 on the composite die is used to trim the ring forging 7 after final forging; f. Sand blasting and grinding: The ring forging 7 after final forging is subjected to sand blasting and grinding, and then subjected to heat treatment. After heat treatment, the sand is blasted and then subjected to physical and chemical treatment. Finally, the finished product is made and tested for storage.

[0016] In some embodiments, the forging die 1 includes a pre-forging cavity 11 and a final forging cavity 12, which are centrally symmetrically arranged, and also includes a burr groove 14, the burr groove 14 is provided with a flattening groove 13, and a material blocking platform 15 is arranged on the burr groove 14. When in use, the operator places the blank on the flattening groove 13, flattens the blank to 16mm, and then places it on the pre-forging cavity 11. The pre-forging cavity 11 and the final forging cavity 12 are centrally symmetrically arranged to ensure a consistent forging environment, which not only saves resources of forging dies, but also ensures the surface quality of the annular forging. The material blocking table 15 can increase the resistance of the excess metal of the annular forging with skin directly flowing to the burr groove 14, and prevent the generation of small ribs (i.e., the outer contour of the annular forging) from flowing through. The design of the pre-forging cavity 11 requires a cross-sectional equivalent analysis of the annular forging first, so that the pre-forged annular forging 6 forged by the pre-forging cavity 11 is connected at a four-degree angle from the core of the skin to the main body, and the transition fillet radius between the skin and the main body is 5mm, thereby reducing the resistance of the excess metal of the skin to flow along the small ribs (outer contour of the forging). The pre-forging and final forging of the annular forging are both forged using two forging dies 1.

[0017] In some embodiments, a storage bin 121 is provided on the final forging cavity 12. The storage bin 121 has a thickness of 7 mm and stores excess metal with skin, which effectively prevents the generation of small ribs (i.e., the outer contour of the annular forging) from flowing during the final forging process.

[0018] In some embodiments, the punching of small holes in the ring forging after pre-forging in step c and the trimming and punching of the ring forging after final forging in step e are performed in combination on a composite die. The simultaneous operation can speed up the production progress of the ring forging, reduce the forging steps, and increase the output of the ring forging.

[0019] In some embodiments, the composite die includes a male die 2 and a female die 3. The male die 2 is installed on a punching machine. The male die 2 is provided with a trimming punch 21 and a pre-forging punch 22. The female die 3 is provided with a final forging edge 31 and a pre-forging edge 32. A punching head 5 is provided on the female die 3 at the position of the final forging edge 31. A retaining ring 51 is provided at the bottom of the punching head 5. When punching the pre-forged annular forging 6, the operator uses an auxiliary tool to place the pre-forged annular forging 6 on the pre-forging edge 32, and then drives the pre-forging punching head 22 in the male die 2 through the press on the existing punching machine to press down and punch the pre-forged annular forging 6, thereby removing a portion of excess metal in the middle of the skin, thereby reducing the projection area of ​​the forging, and improving the fluidity of the metal to the skin in the middle of the annular forging, which is convenient for subsequent final forging and direct impact. When punching the final forging 7, the operator The operator uses an auxiliary tool to place the final forging annular forging 7 onto the punching head 5 in the final forging edge 31. The pre-forging annular forging 6 and the final forging annular forging 7 are surrounded by burrs (not shown in the drawings). Then the operator controls the existing punch press to drive the trimming punch 21 in the male die 2 to punch the final forging annular forging 7, and completely cuts off the middle part and the surrounding burrs of the final forging annular forging 7 to obtain the later annular forging. Finally, after a series of burr removal, sand blasting and grinding processes, the final product is obtained.

[0020] In some embodiments, a groove is provided in the middle of the punching head 5, and a discharge rack 4 is provided on the female die 3 above the pre-forging edge 32. After the punching head 5 punches the hole in the middle of the pre-forged forging, the punching head 5 will lift the pre-forged annular forging 6 due to the thermal expansion and contraction of the metal, and the discharge rack 4 can prevent the pre-forged annular forging 6 from continuing to move upward, so that the pre-forged annular forging 6 and the punching head 5 are separated for unloading.

[0021] In some embodiments, the female die 3 further includes a positioning mechanism 8, which is located on the side of the final forging edge 31. The positioning mechanism 8 includes two positioning tooth plates 81, and a gear rod 82 is meshed on the positioning tooth plates 81. The gear rod 82 is rotatably connected to the female die 3, and a handle 83 is fixedly connected to the gear rod 82. When the operator places the punching head 5 on the female die 3, the operator controls the two gear rods 82 to rotate, so that the two tooth plates 81 move toward each other, enter into the final forging edge 31 and clamp the punching head 5, thereby achieving the positioning of the punching head 5. Not only can the punching head 5 be placed quickly, but also the punching head 5 can be prevented from being skewed during placement, resulting in errors during punching and affecting the quality of the annular forging. In addition, when the annular forging is forged, the operator rotates the two gear rods 82, so that the two tooth plates 81 move away from each other and do not hinder punching in the final forging edge 31. After the punching is completed, due to the pressure change during punching, the punching head 5 is The trimming and punching punch 21 will drive the punching head 5 to move upward. After the trimming and punching punch 21 moves out of the range of the final forging edge 31, the operator controls the two gear rods 82 to rotate so that the two tooth plates 81 move into the final forging edge 31 again. As the punching head 5 moves, the retaining ring 51 on the punching head 5 will be blocked by the two tooth plates 81, thereby pulling the punching head 5 off the trimming and punching punch 21 and returning to the initial position to punch the next ring forging. This cycle is very convenient to operate and there is no need to use tools to pull out the punching head 5 manually, which improves the punching efficiency and increases the production progress of ring forgings.

[0022] In some embodiments, the die and auxiliary tools are preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is 350°C, and the preheating time is ≥1.5 hours. If the die and auxiliary tools are not preheated before forging, it is easy to have insufficient temperature when forging the forging, which affects the forging quality of the forging and increases the forging failure rate.

[0023] In some embodiments, the initial forging temperature of the pre-forging process in step b and the final forging process in step d is 1160° C., and the final forging temperature is ≥850° C. The initial forging temperatures in step b and step d are the same to ensure the consistency of forging conditions, avoid defects in the surface quality and internal structure of the forgings due to different temperatures during the forging process, produce a diversion effect, and affect the quality of the forgings.

[0024] It should be noted that the above parameters are all parameters set during forging of the captive ring forging. During actual forging, different forgings require different parameters, and operators set them according to different forgings.

[0025] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A forging process for annular forgings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Unloading: After the raw materials are tested and qualified, they are put into the heating furnace for heating; b. Pre-forging: The heated blank is laid flat on the forging die for flattening, and a pre-forging cavity is set on the forging die. The flattened blank is placed in the pre-forging cavity for pre-forging to initially form an initial forging; c. Punching: After pre-forging, place the ring forging on the compound die to punch small holes, remove the excess metal in the middle of the skin and return it to the furnace for heating; d. Final forging: Place the reheated annular forging into the final forging cavity on the forging die for final forging; e. Trimming and punching: After the ring forging is final forged, a composite die is used to perform trimming and punching operations on the forging; f. Sand blasting and grinding: The final forged billet is sand blasted and ground, then heat treated, sand blasted and then subjected to physical and chemical treatment, and finally the finished product is made and tested for storage.

2. A ring forging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forging die comprises the pre-forging cavity (11) and the final forging cavity (12), the pre-forging cavity (11) and the final forging cavity (12) are centrally symmetrically arranged, and further comprises a burr groove (14), the burr groove (14) is provided with a flattening groove (13), and a material blocking platform (15) is provided on the burr groove (14).

3. A ring forging forging process according to claim 2, characterized in that: A material storage bin (121) is provided on the final forging cavity (12).

4. The forging process of a ring forging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The punching of small holes in the ring forging after pre-forging in step c and the trimming and punching of holes in the ring forging after final forging in step e are performed in combination on the composite die.

5. The forging process of a ring forging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite die comprises a male die (2) and a female die (3); the male die (2) is mounted on a punching machine; the male die (2) is provided with a trimming punch (21) and a pre-forging punch (22); the female die (3) is provided with a final forging edge (31) and a pre-forging edge (32); a punch head (5) is provided on the female die (3) at the position of the final forging edge (31); a retaining ring (51) is provided at the bottom of the punch head (5).

6. A ring forging forging process according to claim 5, characterized in that: A groove is provided in the middle of the punching head (5), and a discharge rack (4) is provided on the female die (3) above the pre-forging cutting edge (32).

7. The forging process of a ring forging according to claim 5, characterized in that: The female die (3) further comprises a positioning mechanism (8), the positioning mechanism (8) being located on the side of the final forging edge (31), the positioning mechanism (8) comprising two positioning tooth plates (81), a gear rod (82) being meshed on the positioning tooth plates (81), the gear rod (82) being rotatably connected to the female die (3), and a handle (83) being fixedly connected to the gear rod (82).

8. The ring forging process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before forging, the mold and auxiliary tools should be preheated at a temperature of 350°C and a preheating time of ≥1.5 hours.

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