A self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing, which relates to the technical field of metal powder laser additive manufacturing. It includes a laser additive manufacturing head, a nozzle assembly, a cleaning assembly, and a positioning assembly. The lower end of the laser additive manufacturing head is a conical structure. A laser groove is opened through the center of the lower end inside the laser additive manufacturing head. Inside the laser additive manufacturing head, a self-rotating mounting ring with four gas nozzles is rotationally connected through a control component. During normal processing and use, two of the gas nozzles are used for processing, and the other two are used as spares. When two of the gas nozzles are blocked, the gas nozzles can be switched in time to avoid affecting the processing progress due to excessive downtime. Then, a cleaning assembly is arranged below the laser additive manufacturing head. Without affecting the normal powder feeding operation of two of the gas nozzles, self-cleaning operations can be carried out on the side, and they are used alternately, making the operation worry-free and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing of metal powders, and specifically to a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Laser additive manufacturing uses metal powders as raw materials for forming and a high-energy laser beam as a heat source. During processing, the laser beam melts the metal powders added synchronously layer by layer, and the metal raw materials quickly solidify and deposit layer by layer;

[0003] In the prior art patent CN111168070A, a magnetic field-excited laser additive manufacturing device stirs the internal structure of the forming material by exciting the vibration of a current-carrying bottom plate through a magnetic field, which can refine grains, improve tissue uniformity, reduce stress concentration, and improve the mechanical properties of material forming to a certain extent. When laser additive manufacturing is carried out, high-pressure gas is required to blow the metal powders towards the processing reaction zone. During the movement of the metal powders through the gas nozzle, contaminants that may be carried in the metal powders or the metal powders themselves may adhere to the inside of the gas nozzle. When the gas powder feeding nozzle is blocked, the amount of metal powders fed to the reaction processing per unit time will be correspondingly reduced, affecting the processing quality of the product. The existing cleaning methods for gas nozzles mostly involve cleaning by disassembling during shutdown, resulting in the influence on processing efficiency and the progress of the processing period, and being inconvenient to use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing, comprising:

[0006] A laser additive manufacturing head, the lower end of the laser additive manufacturing head is a conical structure, a laser groove is opened through the center of the lower end inside the laser additive manufacturing head, and a vertical rotation groove and a conical rotation groove are opened and communicated with each other at the upper and lower ends inside the laser additive manufacturing head;

[0007] A nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly is movably arranged inside the vertical rotation groove and the conical rotation groove through a control assembly. The nozzle assembly includes a self-rotating mounting ring and four gas nozzles. The four gas nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the self-rotating mounting ring. The self-rotating mounting ring is vertically arranged inside the vertical rotation groove. The control assembly includes a control gear ring and a control gear;

[0008] A cleaning assembly, the cleaning assembly is inserted and fixed at the lower end of the laser additive manufacturing head. The cleaning assembly includes a cleaning assembly disk. Two guiding grooves and two cleaning piston grooves are respectively arranged on the four sides inside the cleaning assembly disk. The two guiding grooves and the two cleaning piston grooves are respectively arranged corresponding to the four gas nozzles. Connecting and sealing tubes are movably inserted into the cleaning piston grooves;

[0009] The positioning component is arranged on one side of the laser additive manufacturing head close to the self-rotating mounting ring. The positioning component includes an abutting block and a positioning movable plate.

[0010] Preferably, a matching connection ring is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the vertical rotation groove. The lower end of the matching connection ring is in contact with the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring. A sealing film is horizontally arranged on the side where the matching connection ring is in contact with the self-rotating mounting ring. Four powder feeding docking grooves are vertically and penetratingly opened on the matching connection ring. Four gas nozzles respectively penetrate through the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring. The four powder feeding docking grooves are respectively docked with one side of the gas nozzles penetrating through the self-rotating mounting ring.

[0011] Preferably, the upper ends of the self-rotating mounting ring where the powder feeding docking grooves are arranged are all communicated with inlet and outlet conveying pipes. One sides of the four inlet and outlet conveying pipes respectively penetrate through the outer peripheral side of the laser additive manufacturing head. Reinforcing rubber rings are respectively embedded on the side of the matching connection ring close to the sealing film and located at the powder feeding docking grooves.

[0012] Preferably, a docking hole is arranged at the center of the cleaning assembly disk. The docking hole is correspondingly arranged with the laser groove. Two inclined grooves are symmetrically opened at both sides of the lower end of the cleaning assembly disk. A docking annular groove adapted to the conical rotation groove is arranged at the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk. Two guiding grooves are respectively arranged in the two inclined grooves and communicated with the docking annular groove. And two of the gas nozzles of the self-rotating mounting ring respectively correspond to the two guiding grooves.

[0013] Preferably, the two guiding grooves and the two cleaning piston grooves are arranged in a cross and staggered manner. A guiding hole is communicated with the docking annular groove at the upper end of the cleaning piston groove. The connecting sealing pipe is placed in the cleaning piston groove and movably penetrates and is inserted into the guiding hole. One side of the connecting sealing pipe penetrating through the guiding hole is inserted into the gas nozzle and is provided with a sealing ring.

[0014] Preferably, a pushing piston is arranged on one side of the connecting sealing pipe placed in the cleaning piston groove. Return springs are sleeved on the upper ends of the connecting sealing pipe located at the pushing piston. Plug blocks are arranged at the centers of the lower ends of the cleaning piston grooves. And the diameter of the plug block is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting sealing pipe.

[0015] Preferably, an annular diversion groove is opened at the lower end inside the laser additive manufacturing head. Two connecting grooves are penetratingly opened at the lower end of the annular diversion groove. Two cleaning joints are vertically and symmetrically arranged at both sides of the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk close to the cleaning piston grooves. The upper ends of the two cleaning joints are respectively sealed and inserted into the two connecting grooves and communicated with the annular diversion groove. A cleaning transfer groove is penetratingly opened at one side of the upper end of the annular diversion groove through the outer peripheral side of the laser additive manufacturing head. And a cleaning outer connecting pipe is inserted through one side of the cleaning transfer groove penetrating through the laser additive manufacturing head.

[0016] Preferably, a toothed disc groove is horizontally formed on the inner peripheral side of the vertical rotation groove of the laser additive manufacturing head. A gear groove is horizontally arranged on one side of the laser additive manufacturing head close to the toothed disc groove. A control toothed ring is horizontally arranged on the inner peripheral side of the self-rotation mounting ring and horizontally inserted into the toothed disc groove. A control gear is horizontally arranged in the gear groove. One side of the control gear is meshed and connected with one side of the control toothed ring, and a driving shaft is vertically arranged at the center of the upper end of the control gear.

[0017] Preferably, an arc-shaped swing groove is horizontally formed at the lower end of the toothed disc groove in the laser additive manufacturing head. An abutting block is horizontally arranged on one side of the self-rotation mounting ring close to the arc-shaped swing groove. Positioning spring grooves are respectively formed above one of the guiding grooves and one of the cleaning piston grooves in the laser additive manufacturing head. The upper end of the positioning spring groove is communicated with the arc-shaped swing groove. A positioning movable plate is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the positioning spring groove. A side constraint block is vertically arranged on one side of the upper end of the positioning movable plate. When the gas nozzle is corresponding to the guiding groove, one side of the abutting block abuts against one side of the side constraint block.

[0018] Preferably, a positioning groove is formed at the lower end of the abutting block. A positioning block is arranged on one side of the positioning movable plate corresponding to the positioning groove. The upper end of the positioning block is inserted into the positioning groove. The two side surfaces of the positioning block inserted into the positioning groove are inclined surfaces. A spring insertion rod is vertically arranged at the center of the lower end of the positioning movable plate. A spring sleeve is vertically arranged at the center of the lower end of the positioning spring groove. The lower end of the spring insertion rod is vertically and movably inserted into the spring sleeve. A support spring is vertically arranged at the lower end of the positioning movable plate, and the support spring is sleeved on the spring sleeve.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] A self-rotation mounting ring with four gas nozzles is rotationally connected through a control component in the laser additive manufacturing head. During normal processing and use, two of the gas nozzles are used for processing, and the other two are used as spares. When two of the gas nozzles are blocked, the gas nozzles can be switched in time to avoid affecting the processing progress due to too long downtime. Then, a cleaning component is arranged below the laser additive manufacturing head. Without affecting the normal powder feeding operation of two of the gas nozzles, self-cleaning operation can be carried out on the side, and they are used alternately, making the operation worry-free and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first perspective of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second perspective of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is of the present invention Figure 2 schematic diagram of part A;

[0024] Figure 4Schematic diagram of partial side cutting of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of part B of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of part C of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of part D of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of part E of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of part F of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the layout structure of the gas nozzle of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the cooperation structure of the abutting block and the side constraint block of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cooperation structure of the self-rotating mounting ring and the cleaning assembly disk of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the cleaning assembly disk structure of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: laser additive manufacturing head 1, cleaning assembly disk 2, vertical rotation groove 3, conical rotation groove 4, self-rotating mounting ring 5, gas nozzle 6, guiding groove 7, cleaning piston groove 8, pushing piston 9, connecting sealing pipe 10, plugging block 11, return spring 12, annular diversion groove 13, cleaning transfer groove 14, cleaning external connection pipe 15, cleaning joint 16, cleaning connection groove 17, mating connection ring 18, sealing film 19, powder feeding docking groove 20, reinforcing rubber ring 21, inlet and outlet conveying pipe 22, control gear ring 23, control gear 24, drive shaft 25, arc swing groove 26, abutting block 27, positioning spring groove 28, positioning movable plate 29, side constraint block 30, positioning groove 31, positioning block 32, spring sleeve 33, support spring 34, laser groove 36. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] Please refer to the attached Figures 1-13 , and the following technical solutions are provided in this application.

[0037] Embodiment 1: A self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing, including a laser additive manufacturing head 1. The lower end of the laser additive manufacturing head 1 is of a conical structure. A laser groove 36 is vertically penetrated and opened at the center inside the laser additive manufacturing head 1. Vertical rotation grooves 3 and conical rotation grooves 4 are communicated and opened at the upper and lower ends inside the laser additive manufacturing head 1. A horizontally rotating mechanism can be installed in the vertical rotation grooves 3 and conical rotation grooves 4 to stably guide and support it. The nozzle assembly is movably arranged in the vertical rotation grooves 3 and conical rotation grooves 4 through a control assembly. The nozzle assembly includes a self-rotating mounting ring 5 and four gas nozzles 6. The four gas nozzles 6 are arranged opposite to the lower end of the self-rotating mounting ring 5. The self-rotating mounting ring 5 is vertically arranged in the vertical rotation groove 3. The control assembly includes a control gear ring 23 and a control gear 24. A mating connection ring 18 is horizontally arranged at the upper end inside the vertical rotation groove 3. The lower end of the mating connection ring 18 is in contact with the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring 5. A sealing film 19 is horizontally arranged on the side where the mating connection ring 18 is in contact with the self-rotating mounting ring 5. Four powder feeding docking grooves 20 are vertically penetrated and opened on the mating connection ring 18. The four gas nozzles 6 respectively penetrate and are arranged at the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring 5. The four powder feeding docking grooves 20 are respectively docked with the side of the gas nozzles 6 penetrating the self-rotating mounting ring 5. The gas nozzles 6 are inserted into the conical rotation groove 4 and are also of an inclined structure, which is convenient for rotation in the conical rotation groove 4.

[0038] At the upper ends of the self-rotating mounting ring 5 where the powder feeding docking grooves 20 are provided, inlet and outlet conveying pipes 22 are all communicated. One sides of the four inlet and outlet conveying pipes 22 respectively penetrate and are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the laser additive manufacturing head 1. Reinforcing rubber rings 21 are respectively embedded on the side of the mating connection ring 18 close to the sealing film 19 and located at the powder feeding docking grooves 20. The inlet and outlet conveying pipes 22 are communicated with the externally connected metal powder, and then blown into the gas nozzles 6 through high pressure for laser additive manufacturing. The settings of the sealing film 19 and the reinforcing rubber rings 21 can maintain a stable combination and sealing effect when the powder feeding docking grooves 20 are connected to the gas nozzles 6.

[0039] The cleaning component is arranged below the laser additive manufacturing head 1 and can perform reverse cleaning and flushing operations from the position of the gas nozzle 6. The cleaning component is inserted and fixed at the lower end of the laser additive manufacturing head 1. The cleaning component includes a cleaning assembly disk 2. On the four sides inside the cleaning assembly disk 2, there are respectively two guiding grooves 7 and two cleaning piston grooves 8. The two guiding grooves 7 and the two cleaning piston grooves 8 are respectively arranged corresponding to the four gas nozzles 6. In the cleaning piston grooves 8, there are inserted and movably arranged connecting and sealing pipes 10. In the center of the cleaning assembly disk 2, there is a docking hole, which is arranged corresponding to the laser groove 36. On both sides of the lower end of the cleaning assembly disk 2, there are symmetrically opened two inclined grooves. On the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk 2, there is a docking annular groove adapted to the conical rotating groove 4. The two guiding grooves 7 are respectively arranged in the two inclined grooves and communicate with the docking annular groove. Among the six gas nozzles 6 of the self-rotating mounting ring 5, two of them are respectively corresponding to the two guiding grooves 7. When the four gas nozzles 6 are in use, two of the gas nozzles 6 are for powder spraying processing operations, and two can be used as spares. When there is powder spraying influence in the two gas nozzles 6 in use, these two gas nozzles 6 can be replaced and wait for the cleaning operation.

[0040] The two guiding grooves 7 and the two cleaning piston grooves 8 are arranged in a crosswise and staggered manner. At the upper end inside the cleaning piston groove 8, there is a guiding hole communicating with the docking annular groove. The connecting and sealing pipe 10 is placed in the cleaning piston groove 8 and movably penetrates and is inserted into the guiding hole. One side of the connecting and sealing pipe 10 penetrating the guiding hole is inserted into the gas nozzle 6 and is provided with a sealing ring. On the side of the connecting and sealing pipe 10 placed in the cleaning piston groove 8, there is a pushing piston 9. On the upper ends of the connecting and sealing pipe 10 located above the pushing piston 9, there are respectively sleeved with return springs 12. In the center of the lower ends inside the cleaning piston grooves 8, there are respectively arranged plugging blocks 11, and the diameter of the plugging block 11 is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting and sealing pipe 10. Inside the lower end of the laser additive manufacturing head 1, there is an annular flow dividing groove 13. At the lower end of the annular flow dividing groove 13, there are penetrated and opened two connecting grooves. On both sides of the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk 2 close to the cleaning piston grooves 8, there are vertically symmetrically arranged two cleaning connectors 16. The upper ends of the two cleaning connectors 16 are respectively sealed and inserted into the two connecting grooves and communicate with the annular flow dividing groove 13. On one side of the upper end of the annular flow dividing groove 13, there is a cleaning transfer groove 14 penetrating the outer peripheral side of the laser additive manufacturing head 1. And a cleaning outer connecting pipe 15 is inserted through one side of the laser additive manufacturing head 1 in the cleaning transfer groove 14. When it is necessary to clean the gas nozzle 6, the cleaning outer connecting pipe 15 injects a special metal-attached cleaning liquid into the cleaning transfer groove 14. At this time, the high-pressure cleaning liquid pushes the pushing piston 9 to squeeze the return spring 12 and rise. The upper end of the connecting and sealing pipe 10 is inserted into the gas nozzle 6, and the lower end is separated from the plugging block 11. The cleaning liquid enters the gas nozzle 6 to soak and clean the inner wall of the gas nozzle 6 or perform high-speed liquid flushing. Similarly, the cleaning method can also be high-speed air flow impact cleaning. When both are used, the cleaning liquid can be used first for cleaning, and after cleaning, the liquid is blown out by high-speed air flow and quickly dried.

[0041] A toothed disc groove is horizontally provided on the inner circumference of the vertical rotation groove 3 of the laser additive processing head 1, and a gear groove is horizontally provided on one side of the laser additive processing head 1 close to the toothed disc groove. A control gear ring 23 is horizontally provided on the inner circumference of the self-rotating mounting ring 5 and is horizontally inserted into the toothed disc groove. A control gear 24 is horizontally provided in the gear groove, and one side of the control gear 24 is meshed and connected with one side of the control gear ring 23, and a driving shaft 25 is vertically provided at the center of the upper end of the control gear 24. When it is necessary to exchange the positions of the two gas nozzles 6 connected to the guide groove 7 and the two gas nozzles 6 connected to the cleaning piston groove 8, the self-rotating mounting ring 5 and the gas nozzle 6 can be controlled to rotate 90 degrees to reach the exchange position by rotating the control gear 24.

[0042] In an environment with special processing requirements, four guide grooves 7 can be provided on the cleaning assembly plate 2 for four gas nozzles 6 to participate in laser additive processing at the same time.

[0043] In this embodiment: a high-energy laser beam is emitted from the laser groove 36. When the laser beam contacts the workpiece, the two guide grooves 7 blow the metal powder from the inlet and outlet conveying pipe 22, the rotating mounting ring 5, the gas nozzle 6 and the guide groove 7 to the gathering point through the high-pressure airflow. The laser completes the heating treatment of the metal powder and completes the laser additive processing. When the two gas nozzles 6 that feed the metal powder are blocked and affect the additive processing, the control gear 24 drives the drive shaft 25 to rotate through the existing common electric control motor, so that the control gear 24 drives the control gear ring 23 and the rotating mounting ring 5 to rotate, and the two unused gas nozzles 6 are rotated to the position of the guide groove 7 for replacement.

[0044] Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, a positioning component is provided to enable the precise connection of the gas nozzle 6 and the guiding groove 7 or the cleaning piston groove 8 after the self-rotating mounting ring 5 rotates. The positioning component is arranged on one side of the laser additive manufacturing head 1 close to the self-rotating mounting ring 5. The positioning component includes an abutting block 27 and a positioning movable plate 29. An arc-shaped swinging groove 26 is horizontally formed at the lower end of the gear disk groove in the laser additive manufacturing head 1. The abutting block 27 is horizontally arranged on one side of the self-rotating mounting ring 5 close to the arc-shaped swinging groove 26. Positioning spring grooves 28 are respectively formed above one of the guiding grooves 7 and one of the cleaning piston grooves 8 in the laser additive manufacturing head 1. The upper end of the positioning spring groove 28 is communicated with the arc-shaped swinging groove 26. The positioning movable plate 29 is horizontally arranged at the upper end inside the positioning spring groove 28. A side constraint block 30 is vertically arranged on one side of the upper end of the positioning movable plate 29. When the gas nozzle 6 corresponds to the guiding groove 7, one side of the abutting block 27 abuts against one side of the side constraint block 30. A positioning groove 31 is formed at the lower end of the abutting block 27. A positioning block 32 is arranged on one side of the positioning movable plate 29 corresponding to the positioning groove 31. The upper end of the positioning block 32 is inserted into the positioning groove 31. The two side surfaces of the positioning block 32 inserted into the positioning groove 31 are inclined surfaces. A spring insertion rod is vertically arranged at the center of the lower end of the positioning movable plate 29. A spring sleeve 33 is vertically arranged at the center of the lower end inside the positioning spring groove 28. The lower end of the spring insertion rod is vertically and movably inserted into the spring sleeve 33. A support spring 34 is vertically arranged at the lower end of the positioning movable plate 29, and the support spring 34 is sleeved on the spring sleeve 33. The maximum movable angle of the abutting block 27 in the arc-shaped swinging groove 26 is 90°. After the control gear 24 drives the control gear ring 23 to rotate, before the abutting block 27 reaches the edge of the arc-shaped swinging groove 26, it contacts the inclined surface of the positioning block 32 first. The positioning block 32 pushes the positioning movable plate 29 to compress the support spring 34 and descend. Then, under the elastic force of the support spring 34, the positioning block 32 is inserted into the positioning groove 31. At this time, the edge of the abutting block 27 abuts against the side constraint block 30, and the self-rotating mounting ring 5 cannot rotate. At this time, the gas nozzle 6 is precisely docked with the guiding groove 7. The insertion of the positioning block 32 into the positioning groove 31 can overcome the influence of the slight swing of the control gear 24 on the rotation position of the self-rotating mounting ring 5.

[0045] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing, characterized in that: include: A laser additive processing head (1), wherein the lower end of the laser additive processing head (1) is a conical structure, a laser groove (36) is provided in the center of the laser additive processing head (1) and passes through the lower end, and a vertical rotation groove (3) and a conical rotation groove (4) are provided in the laser additive processing head (1) at the upper and lower ends; A nozzle assembly, wherein the nozzle assembly is movably arranged in the vertical rotation groove (3) and the conical rotation groove (4) through a control assembly, the nozzle assembly comprises a self-rotating mounting ring (5) and four gas nozzles (6), the four gas nozzles (6) are arranged at the lower end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5), the self-rotating mounting ring (5) is vertically arranged in the vertical rotation groove (3), and the control assembly comprises a control gear ring (23) and a control gear (24); A cleaning assembly, the cleaning assembly being plugged and fixedly arranged at the lower end of the laser additive processing head (1), the cleaning assembly comprising a cleaning assembly disk (2), two guide grooves (7) and two cleaning piston grooves (8) being respectively arranged on four sides of the cleaning assembly disk (2), the two guide grooves (7) and the two cleaning piston grooves (8) being respectively arranged corresponding to the four gas nozzles (6), and a connecting sealing tube (10) being movably plugged in the cleaning piston grooves (8); A positioning assembly, the positioning assembly being arranged on a side of the laser additive processing head (1) close to the self-rotating mounting ring (5), the positioning assembly comprising an abutment block (27) and a positioning movable plate (29); A matching connection ring (18) is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the vertical rotation groove (3), the lower end of the matching connection ring (18) contacts the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5), a sealing rubber sheet (19) is horizontally arranged on the side of the matching connection ring (18) contacting the self-rotating mounting ring (5), four powder delivery docking grooves (20) are vertically penetrated on the matching connection ring (18), four gas nozzles (6) are respectively arranged to penetrate the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5), and the four powder delivery docking grooves (20) are respectively connected to the side of the gas nozzle (6) penetrating the self-rotating mounting ring (5); The two guide grooves (7) and the two cleaning piston grooves (8) are arranged in a cross-staggered manner, and a guide hole is provided in the upper end of the cleaning piston groove (8) to communicate with the butt-jointed annular groove, and a connecting sealing tube (10) is placed in the cleaning piston groove (8) and movably penetrates the connecting guide hole, and one side of the connecting sealing tube (10) penetrating the guide hole is inserted into the gas nozzle (6) and is provided with a sealing ring; The connecting sealing tube (10) is provided with a pushing piston (9) on one side of the cleaning piston groove (8), and a return spring (12) is sleeved on the upper end of the connecting sealing tube (10) located at the pushing piston (9). A sealing plug (11) is provided at the center of the lower end of the cleaning piston groove (8), and the diameter of the sealing plug (11) is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting sealing tube (10).

2. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5) provided with a powder delivery docking groove (20) is connected to an inlet and outlet conveying pipe (22), one side of the four inlet and outlet conveying pipes (22) respectively penetrates the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head (1), and a reinforcing rubber ring (21) is embedded on one side of the powder delivery docking groove (20) near the connecting ring (18) and close to the sealing rubber sheet (19).

3. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly disk (2) is provided with a docking hole at its center, the docking hole being arranged corresponding to the laser groove (36), two inclined grooves being symmetrically provided on both sides of the lower end of the cleaning assembly disk (2), a docking annular groove being adapted to the conical rotating groove (4) being provided at the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk (2), two guide grooves (7) being respectively provided in the two inclined grooves and being connected to the docking annular groove, and two gas nozzles (6) of the self-rotating mounting ring (5) respectively corresponding to the two guide grooves (7).

4. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: An annular flow diversion groove (13) is provided at the lower end of the laser additive processing head (1), and two connecting grooves are provided through the lower end of the annular flow diversion groove (13). Two cleaning joints (16) are vertically symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk (2) close to the cleaning piston groove (8), and the upper ends of the two cleaning joints (16) are respectively sealed and plugged into the two connecting grooves and are connected to the annular flow diversion groove (13). A cleaning adapter groove (14) is provided on one side of the upper end of the annular flow diversion groove (13) that passes through the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head (1), and a cleaning external pipe (15) is plugged into the cleaning adapter groove (14) that passes through one side of the laser additive processing head (1).

5. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The laser additive processing head (1) is provided with a toothed disc groove horizontally on the inner peripheral side of the vertical rotation groove (3); a gear groove is horizontally provided on a side of the laser additive processing head (1) close to the toothed disc groove; a control gear ring (23) is horizontally provided on the inner peripheral side of the self-rotating mounting ring (5) and is horizontally inserted into the toothed disc groove; a control gear (24) is horizontally provided in the gear groove; one side of the control gear (24) is meshed and connected with one side of the control gear ring (23); and a drive shaft (25) is vertically provided at the center of the upper end of the control gear (24).

6. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: An arc-shaped swing groove (26) is horizontally provided at the lower end of the toothed disc groove in the laser additive processing head (1); a contact block (27) is horizontally provided on one side of the rotation mounting ring (5) close to the arc-shaped swing groove (26); a positioning spring groove (28) is provided above one of the guide grooves (7) and one of the cleaning piston grooves (8) in the laser additive processing head (1); the upper end of the positioning spring groove (28) is connected to the arc-shaped swing groove (26); a positioning movable plate (29) is horizontally provided at the upper end of the positioning spring groove (28); a side restraint block (30) is vertically provided on one side of the upper end of the positioning movable plate (29); when the gas nozzle (6) corresponds to the guide groove (7), one side of the contact block (27) contacts one side of the side restraint block (30); 7. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 6, characterized in that: A positioning groove (31) is provided at the lower end of the abutment block (27); a positioning block (32) is provided on one side of the positioning groove (31) of the positioning movable plate (29); the upper end of the positioning block (32) is plugged into the positioning groove (31); the two side surfaces of the positioning block (32) plugged into the positioning groove (31) are inclined surfaces; a spring insertion rod is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning movable plate (29); a spring sleeve (33) is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning spring groove (28); the lower end of the spring insertion rod is vertically movably plugged into the spring sleeve (33); a support spring (34) is vertically provided at the lower end of the positioning movable plate (29); and the support spring (34) is sleeved in the spring sleeve (33).

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