Ultra-precision polishing system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of polishing equipment, and particularly discloses an ultra-precision polishing system which comprises an external control unit and a center plate, a damping conveying belt unit and a polishing variable-frequency shaking unit are arranged on one side of the center plate, a polishing starting pressing unit is arranged on the other side of the center plate, and a grinding fluid pipeline is arranged at the top of the center plate. The damping belt conveying unit is connected with a belt conveying motor; the polishing variable-frequency shaking unit is connected with a shaking motor; the polishing starting pressing unit is connected with an air cylinder. And the control unit is connected with the belt conveying motor, the shaking motor and the air cylinder. Accurate tool setting is achieved by adjusting the position of the main polishing wheel through the polishing starting and pressing unit, automatic belt conveying in the polishing process is completed through the damping belt conveying unit, the polishing efficiency is improved, the main polishing wheel is controlled to reciprocate in the set range in the axial direction through the polishing variable-frequency shaking unit in the polishing process, and the polishing efficiency is improved. And the attractiveness of the polished lines is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polishing equipment, and in particular relates to an ultra-precision polishing system. Background Art

[0002] Polishing process is a crucial link in the production process of many parts, which directly affects the surface quality, dimensional accuracy and final performance of the product. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, mechanical polishing has gradually replaced traditional manual polishing. For example, when polishing the piston surface, the existing mechanical polishing usually uses a high-speed rotating polishing wheel to grind the piston surface. The polishing wheel is made of soft material, and polishing paste is applied to the surface of the polishing wheel. When the polishing wheel rotates, the abrasive particles in the polishing paste rub against the piston surface to achieve the polishing effect. However, the precision is relatively low when the polishing is performed by applying polishing paste to the polishing wheel. Although the polishing accuracy can be adjusted by selecting polishing pastes of different particle sizes and controlling the speed and pressure of the polishing wheel, the distribution and movement state of the abrasive during the rotation of the polishing wheel are difficult to accurately control, and local uneven grinding is prone to occur, resulting in uneven texture and poor aesthetics after polishing of the workpiece. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an ultra-precision polishing system.

[0004] The present invention provides an ultra-precision polishing system, which is connected to a four-station CNC lathe and is used for polishing a workpiece, and comprises an external control unit and a center plate, wherein a damping belt feeding unit and a polishing frequency conversion dithering unit are arranged on one side of the center plate, a polishing starting clamping unit is arranged on the other side of the center plate, and a grinding fluid pipeline is arranged on the top of the center plate;

[0005] The damping tape feeding unit is connected to a tape feeding motor for driving the damping tape feeding unit to feed the tape;

[0006] The polishing variable frequency shaking unit is connected to a shaking motor for driving the polishing variable frequency shaking unit to move back and forth within a set range;

[0007] The polishing start-up clamping unit is connected to a cylinder for flexibly adjusting the tool setting position;

[0008] The control unit is connected to the tape transport motor, the shaking motor and the cylinder respectively, and is used to control the working parameters of the tape transport motor, the shaking motor and the cylinder.

[0009] A further solution is that the damping belt feeding unit includes a pulley quick-change assembly, a belt pressure pulley, a recovery assembly and a plurality of guide wheels respectively fixed to one side of the center plate and arranged in a V shape; a main polishing wheel is also provided on one side of the center plate, and the main polishing wheel extends to the outer side of the end of the center plate for polishing the workpiece;

[0010] The pulley quick-change assembly is used to install the honing paper cylinder; the honing paper of the honing paper cylinder is wound from the inner side of the pressure pulley, the outer side of the guide wheel, and the outer side of the main throwing wheel to the recovery assembly in sequence and is fixedly connected to the recovery assembly;

[0011] The recycling assembly is connected to the belt-feeding motor, and the belt-feeding motor drives the recycling assembly to rotate so that the honing paper is wound around the recycling assembly, thereby driving the honing paper cylinder to automatically travel.

[0012] A further solution is that the pulley quick-change assembly includes a driven shaft, a first positioning ring is provided on one side of the center plate, a reduction pressure plate is provided on the other side of the center plate, and the first positioning ring and the reduction pressure plate are connected by bolts; the driven shaft sequentially passes through the first positioning ring, the center plate and the reduction pressure plate and is rotatably connected to the first positioning ring, the center plate and the reduction pressure plate respectively;

[0013] A first boss is provided on one side of the driven shaft close to the deceleration pressure plate, the deceleration pressure plate abuts against the first boss to limit the rotation speed of the driven shaft, a compression spring and an adjusting bolt are provided on the outer side of the deceleration pressure plate, the compression spring and the adjusting bolt are respectively sleeved on the driven shaft and used to adjust the abutment pressure between the deceleration pressure plate and the first boss;

[0014] The driven shaft is also provided with an expansion sleeve, the honing paper tube is provided on the expansion sleeve, a pressure ring is provided on one side of the expansion sleeve, the pressure ring is a conical structure, and a conical platform is provided on the driven shaft, the expansion sleeve is located between the pressure ring and the conical platform, a locking buckle is provided on the outer side of the pressure ring, one end of the locking buckle passes through the pressure ring and is connected to the driven shaft, and is used to adjust the abutting pressure between the pressure ring and the expansion sleeve, so that the pressure ring squeezes the expansion sleeve and then adjusts the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve to fix the honing paper tube.

[0015] A further solution is that the recovery assembly includes a driving shaft, a second boss is provided in the middle of the driving shaft, a second positioning ring is provided on one side of the center plate, a connecting pressure ring is provided on the other side of the center plate, the second positioning ring and the connecting pressure ring are connected by bolts, and the driving shaft sequentially passes through the second positioning ring, the center plate and the connecting pressure ring and is rotatably connected with the second positioning ring, the center plate and the connecting pressure ring respectively;

[0016] A take-up wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft, one side of the second boss abuts against the take-up wheel, and the other side of the second boss abuts against the second positioning ring. A limiting ring is provided on the side of the take-up wheel away from the boss, and the limiting ring is connected to the driving shaft through a fastening bolt;

[0017] A driven wheel and a driving wheel are provided on one side of the center plate close to the connecting pressure ring. The tape walking motor is fixedly connected to the center plate through a motor base, and the output end of the tape walking motor is connected to the driving wheel. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected by a belt transmission. A supporting wheel is also provided between the driving wheel and the driven wheel for adjusting the tightness of the belt to ensure power transmission efficiency. The driven wheel is connected to the driving shaft for driving the driving shaft to rotate. An arc-shaped slot is provided on the take-up wheel for clamping honing paper, and the rotation direction of the arc-shaped slot is opposite to the rotation direction of the take-up wheel.

[0018] A further solution is that the polishing variable frequency shaking unit is located inside the V-shaped area formed by the damping belt feeding unit, and includes a mounting plate connected to the center plate, the mounting plate is an L-shaped structure, a linear rail is arranged on the top of the mounting plate, a slider is arranged on the top of the linear rail, the slider is slidably connected to the linear rail, and a shaking plate is arranged on the top of the slider; a shaking motor is arranged on the side wall of the mounting plate, an eccentric wheel is connected to the output end of the shaking motor, a connecting rod is arranged on one side of the shaking plate, the eccentric wheel and the connecting rod are connected by a male and female connecting rod, so that the eccentric wheel drives the shaking plate to slide back and forth in the linear rail through the male and female connecting rod;

[0019] A throwing wheel inserting frame is arranged on one side of the shaking plate away from the connecting rod for fixing the main throwing wheel, so that the shaking plate drives the main throwing wheel to perform reciprocating motion within a set range.

[0020] A further solution is that the polishing start-up clamping unit includes a cylinder and a guide rail arranged on one side of the center plate, and a fixed plate is slidably arranged on the guide rail;

[0021] The output end of the cylinder abuts against one side of the fixed plate through a push plate, and a connecting piece is provided on the fixed plate, and the connecting piece is fixedly connected to the four-station CNC lathe;

[0022] The central plate is also provided with a limit plate for limiting the position of the fixed plate;

[0023] The initial state of the cylinder is an extended state, and the cylinder contracts to make the fixed plate and the guide rail slide relative to each other, so as to drive the central plate to move.

[0024] A further solution is that it also includes a honing paper detection unit for detecting the state of the honing paper;

[0025] The honing paper detection unit includes a proximity switch and a rotating rod arranged on one side of the center plate close to the damping belt feeding unit, the proximity switch is connected to the control unit, the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the center plate, and a contact rod is also arranged at the end of the rotating rod;

[0026] The contact rod overlaps the honing paper. When the tightness of the honing paper decreases or the honing paper is used up, the rotating rod rotates downward to trigger the proximity switch and outputs a switch signal to the control unit.

[0027] A further solution is that a nozzle is provided at one end of the grinding fluid pipeline, the setting position of the nozzle is adapted to the main polishing wheel, and the other end of the grinding fluid pipeline is connected to a filtering device, and the filtering device is used to recover and filter the grinding fluid for reuse.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention clamps the polishing system through a four-station CNC lathe to complete the preliminary tool alignment of the polishing system, and then adjusts the position of the main throwing wheel through the polishing start clamping unit to achieve precise tool alignment, and completes the automatic feeding of the polishing process through the damping tape feeding unit, thereby improving the polishing efficiency, and controls the main throwing wheel to reciprocate axially within a set range through the polishing variable frequency jitter unit during the polishing process, thereby improving the aesthetics of the polishing lines.

[0030] The pulley quick-change assembly of the present invention realizes the rapid installation and replacement of the honing paper cylinder by changing the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve, and a deceleration pressure plate is sleeved on the driven shaft. Pressure is applied to the deceleration pressure plate by a compression spring to increase the friction between the deceleration pressure plate and the first boss, thereby providing reverse damping for the pulley quick-change assembly, ensuring that the honing paper is always in a tensioned state during the automatic belt feeding process, and effectively avoiding creases on the honing paper caused by low progress of the honing paper, thereby affecting the polishing quality.

[0031] During the polishing process of the present invention, the shaking motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, thereby causing the shaking plate to slide on the linear rail to drive the main polishing wheel to make reciprocating motion along the axial direction within a certain range to realize shaking polishing. The spiral ring pattern on the surface of the workpiece during the polishing process can be cut off. For workpieces such as pistons, the spiral ring pattern generated by the stationary main polishing wheel will cause the lubricating oil to flow out from the micro spiral ring groove when the piston moves. The shaking polishing can cut off the spiral ring groove and form a continuous micro oil storage tank, thereby reducing the friction between the piston and the cylinder body and ensuring that the surface pattern of the piston is beautiful and uniform after polishing.

[0032] The present invention uses a polishing start-up clamping unit to fine-tune the position of the main polishing wheel. During adjustment, the guide rail and the fixed plate are relatively slid by contracting the cylinder, and the center plate is pulled forward by the cylinder to adjust the position of the main polishing wheel. Since the cylinder directly pushes the center plate forward and needs to provide a support point for the cylinder, it is difficult to achieve on a four-station CNC lathe. The present invention adjusts the center plate by reverse pulling, making the overall structure compact and providing construction personnel with a larger operating space.

[0033] The present invention accurately detects the tension of the honing paper through a honing paper detection unit. If the tension decreases, the honing paper breaks, or the honing paper is used up, the contact rod will drive the rotating rod to rotate downward, triggering the proximity switch and outputting a signal to the control unit. The control unit can control the tool retraction in time to avoid damage to the polishing workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The following drawings are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention, wherein:

[0035] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the installation position of the damping belt feeding unit;

[0037] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of installation position of polishing start clamping unit;

[0038] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the damping belt feeding unit structure;

[0039] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the polishing start-up clamping unit structure;

[0040] Figure 6 : Schematic diagram of the polishing frequency conversion dither unit structure;

[0041] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the pulley quick change assembly structure;

[0042] Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of the recycling assembly structure;

[0043] In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Grinding fluid pipeline; 3. Pipe fixing frame; 4. Connecting ring; 5. Damping belt feeding unit; 6. Polishing frequency conversion shaking unit; 7. Center plate; 8. Belt pulley quick change assembly; 9. Recovery assembly; 10. Belt pressure pulley; 11. Guide wheel; 12. Honing paper; 13. Main throwing wheel; 14. Honing paper cylinder; 15. Compression spring; 16. Adjusting bolt; 17. Speed ​​reduction pressure plate; 18. First positioning ring; 19. Driven shaft; 20. Expansion sleeve; 21. Lock buckle; 22. Compression ring; 23. Take-up pulley; 24. Limiting ring; 25. Fastening bolts; 26, tape transport motor; 27, supporting wheel; 28, driven wheel; 29, driving wheel; 30, second positioning ring; 31, connecting pressure ring; 32, driving shaft; 33, limit plate; 34, guide rail; 35, connecting piece; 36, cylinder; 37, push plate; 38, fixing plate; 39, shaking motor; 40, eccentric wheel; 41, mounting plate; 42, linear rail; 43, slider; 44, throwing wheel bracket; 45, male and female connecting rods; 46, connecting rod; 47, shaking plate; 48, proximity switch; 49, rotating rod; 50, contact rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solution, design method and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail by specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an ultra-precision polishing system, which is clamped on a four-station CNC lathe, and polishes the workpiece by roughly adjusting the position of the polishing system of the CNC lathe. The system includes an external control unit and a center plate 7. A shell 1 is arranged on the outside of the center plate 7 to protect the functional components on both sides of the center plate 7. A damping belt feeding unit 5 and a polishing frequency conversion jitter unit 6 are arranged on the left side of the center plate 7, and a polishing start clamping unit is arranged on the right side of the center plate 7. A grinding fluid pipeline 2 is arranged on the top of the center plate 7 to transport the grinding fluid to the workpiece for cooling and lubrication. A pipeline fixing frame 3 is arranged on the top of the center plate 7, and the grinding fluid pipeline 2 is connected to the pipeline fixing frame 3 through a connecting ring 4. In this embodiment, a nozzle is arranged at one end of the grinding fluid pipeline 2, and the setting position of the nozzle is adapted to the main polishing wheel 13. A filtering device is connected to the other end of the grinding fluid pipeline 2, and the filtering device is used to recover and filter the grinding fluid for reuse; specifically, as Figure 3 As shown, the damping tape feeding unit 5 is connected to a tape feeding motor 26 for driving the damping tape feeding unit 5 to feed the tape, and the polishing start clamping unit is connected to a cylinder 36 for flexibly fine-tuning the tool position; Figure 2As shown, the polishing variable frequency dithering unit 6 is connected to a dithering motor 39, which is used to drive the polishing variable frequency dithering unit 6 to reciprocate within a set range; in this embodiment, the control unit is respectively connected to the tape transport motor 26, the dithering motor 39, and the cylinder 36, and controls the working parameters of the tape transport motor 26, the dithering motor 39, and the cylinder 36 according to the processing conditions and quality requirements.

[0046] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the damping belt feeding unit 5 includes a pulley quick-change assembly 8, a belt pressure roller 10, a recovery assembly 9 and a plurality of guide wheels 11, which are respectively fixed on the left side of the center plate 7 and arranged in a V shape; a main polishing wheel 13 is also arranged on the left side of the center plate 7, and the main polishing wheel 13 extends to the outer side of the end of the center plate 7 for polishing the workpiece; the pulley quick-change assembly 8 is used to install a honing paper cylinder 14; the honing paper 12 of the honing paper cylinder 14 is sequentially inserted from the inner side of the belt pressure roller 10, the outer side of the guide wheel 11, the main polishing wheel 13, and the honing paper 12 of the honing paper cylinder 14. 3 is wound around the outer side to the recycling assembly 9 and is fixedly connected to the recycling assembly 9; in this embodiment, four groups of guide wheels 11 are provided, which are respectively located on both sides of the main throwing wheel 13, and the guide wheels 11 define the honing paper 12 into a V shape, and a hollow V-shaped area is formed inside the honing paper 12; the recycling assembly 9 is connected to the belt walking motor 26, and the belt walking motor 26 drives the recycling assembly 9 to rotate so that the honing paper 12 is wound around the recycling assembly 9, thereby driving the honing paper cylinder 14 to automatically walk.

[0047] During the polishing process, it is necessary to ensure that the honing paper 12 is in a tensioned state, otherwise the honing paper 12 may be folded. Therefore, when the belt conveyor motor 26 drives the recovery assembly 9 to rotate, the pulley quick change assembly 8 needs to provide a certain damping to prevent the honing paper cylinder 14 from rotating too fast. This embodiment adopts the following structure: Figure 7As shown, the pulley quick-change assembly 8 includes a driven shaft 19, a first positioning ring 18 is arranged on the left side of the center plate 7, and a deceleration pressure plate 17 is arranged on the right side of the center plate 7, and the first positioning ring 18 and the deceleration pressure plate 17 are connected by bolts; the driven shaft 19 passes through the first positioning ring 18, the center plate 7 and the deceleration pressure plate 17 in sequence and is rotatably connected with the first positioning ring 18, the center plate 7 and the deceleration pressure plate 17 respectively; a first boss is arranged on the side of the driven shaft 19 close to the deceleration pressure plate 17, and the deceleration pressure plate 17 abuts against the first boss to limit the rotation speed of the driven shaft 19, and a compression spring 15 and an adjusting bolt 16 are arranged on the outer side of the deceleration pressure plate 17, and the compression spring 15 and the adjusting bolt 16 are respectively sleeved on the driven shaft 19, and are used to adjust the speed of the driven shaft 19. To adjust the abutting pressure between the deceleration pressure plate 17 and the first boss; an expansion sleeve 20 is also sleeved on the driven shaft 19, the honing paper tube 14 is sleeved on the expansion sleeve 20, and a pressure ring 22 is arranged on one side of the expansion sleeve 20, the pressure ring 22 is a conical structure, and a conical platform is arranged on the driven shaft 19, one side of the expansion sleeve 20 abuts against the pressure ring 22, and the other side of the expansion sleeve 20 abuts against the conical platform, and a lock buckle 21 is arranged on the outer side of the pressure ring 22, one end of the lock buckle 21 passes through the pressure ring 22 and is connected to the driven shaft 19, and is used to adjust the abutting pressure between the pressure ring 22 and the expansion sleeve 20, so that the pressure ring 22 squeezes the expansion sleeve 20 and then adjusts the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve 20 to fix the honing paper tube 14.

[0048] like Figure 8As shown in the above, the recovery assembly includes a driving shaft 32, a second boss is provided in the middle of the driving shaft 32, a second positioning ring 30 is provided on the left side of the center plate 7, and a connecting pressure ring 31 is provided on the right side of the center plate 7, the second positioning ring 30 and the connecting pressure ring 31 are connected by bolts, the driving shaft 32 sequentially passes through the second positioning ring 30, the center plate 7 and the connecting pressure ring 31 and are rotatably connected with the second positioning ring 30, the center plate 7 and the connecting pressure ring 31 respectively; a take-up wheel 23 is sleeved on the driving shaft 32, one side of the second boss abuts against the take-up wheel 23, and the other side of the second boss abuts against the second positioning ring 30, and a limiting ring 24 is provided on the side of the take-up wheel 23 away from the boss, and the limiting ring 24 passes through It is connected to the driving shaft 32 through a fastening bolt 25; a driven wheel 28 and a driving wheel 29 are provided on one side of the center plate 7 close to the connecting pressure ring 31; the tape walking motor 26 is fixedly connected to the center plate through a motor base, and the output end of the tape walking motor 26 is connected to the driving wheel 29; the driving wheel 29 and the driven wheel 28 are connected by belt transmission; a supporting wheel 27 is also provided between the driving wheel 29 and the driven wheel 28 for adjusting the belt tightness to ensure the power transmission efficiency; the driven wheel 28 is connected to the driving shaft 32 for driving the driving shaft 32 to rotate; an arc-shaped slot is provided on the take-up wheel 23 for clamping the honing paper 12; the rotation direction of the arc-shaped slot is opposite to the rotation direction of the take-up wheel 23. During the recycling process of the used honing paper 12, the end of the honing paper 12 is inserted into the arc-shaped groove of the take-up wheel 23, and then the take-up wheel 23 rotates in the opposite direction, so that the honing paper 12 can be wound around the take-up wheel 23, and as the take-up wheel 23 rotates, the honing paper 12 is wound tighter and tighter, which facilitates the recycling of the honing paper 12.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the polishing variable frequency shaking unit 6 is located inside the V-shaped area formed by the damping belt feeding unit 5, and includes a mounting plate 41 connected to the center plate 7. The mounting plate 41 is an L-shaped structure. A linear rail 42 is arranged on the top of the mounting plate 41. A slider 43 is arranged on the top of the linear rail 42. The slider 43 is slidably connected to the linear rail 42, and a shaking plate 47 is arranged on the top of the slider 43; a shaking motor 39 is arranged on the side wall of the mounting plate 41, and an eccentric wheel 40 is connected to the output end of the shaking motor 39. A connecting rod 46 is arranged on one side of the shaking plate 47. The eccentric wheel 40 and the connecting rod 46 are connected by a public The female connecting rod 45 is connected so that the eccentric wheel 40 drives the shaking plate 47 to slide back and forth in the linear rail 42 through the male and female connecting rods 45; a throwing wheel bracket 44 is provided on the side of the shaking plate 47 away from the connecting rod 46 for fixing the main throwing wheel 13, so that the shaking plate 47 drives the main throwing wheel 13 to reciprocate within a set range. It should be understood that under the rapid rotation of the shaking motor 39, the reciprocating motion of the main throwing wheel 13 along the axial direction is shaking. During the workpiece polishing process, the workpiece moves along the axial direction while rotating rapidly under the action of the CNC machine tool. If the main throwing wheel 13 is fixed, a spiral ring pattern will be formed on the polishing surface. For example, when polishing a piston, the spiral ring pattern on the piston surface is actually a spiral ring groove. When the piston moves in the cylinder body, the lubricating oil flows out from the micro spiral ring groove. The use of shaking polishing can cut off the spiral ring groove and form a continuous micro oil storage tank, which reduces the friction between the piston and the cylinder body and ensures that the surface pattern of the piston after polishing is beautiful and uniform.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the polishing start-up clamping unit includes a cylinder 36 and a guide rail 34 arranged on the right side of the center plate 7, and a fixed plate 38 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 34; the output end of the cylinder 36 abuts against one side of the fixed plate 38 through a push plate 37, and a connecting piece 35 is arranged on the fixed plate 38, and a hollow groove is opened on the housing 1, and the connecting piece 35 extends to the outside of the hollow groove and is fixedly connected to the four-station CNC lathe;

[0051] A limit plate 33 is also provided on the center plate 7 for limiting the position of the fixed plate 38. In the present embodiment, the initial state of the cylinder 36 is an extended state. When it is necessary to fine-tune the position of the main throwing wheel 13, the control unit controls the cylinder 36 to contract so that the fixed plate 38 and the guide rail 34 slide relative to each other. Since the fixed plate 38 is clamped on the four-station CNC machine tool through the connecting piece 35, when the fixed plate 38 and the guide rail 34 slide relative to each other, the fixed plate 38 remains stationary, so that the guide rail 34 slides forward, thereby driving the center plate 7 to move forward, thereby adjusting the main throwing wheel 13.

[0052] In order to ensure the smooth progress of the polishing process, Figure 2As shown, the ultra-precision polishing system also includes a honing paper detection unit for detecting the state of the honing paper 12; the honing paper detection unit includes a proximity switch 48 and a rotating rod 49 arranged on the side of the center plate 7 close to the damping belt feeding unit 5, the proximity switch 48 is connected to the control unit, the rotating rod 49 is rotatably connected to the center plate 7, and a contact rod 50 is also arranged at the end of the rotating rod 49; the contact rod 50 overlaps the honing paper 12. The state of the honing paper 12 is determined based on the position of the rotating rod 49, including a tightened state, a relaxed state, and a broken state. When the tightness of the honing paper 12 decreases or the honing paper 12 is used up, the rotating rod 49 rotates downward to trigger the proximity switch 48, and outputs a switch signal to the control unit. The control unit controls the polishing system to retract the tool through the switch signal, and also connects to an external alarm device to remind the staff to adjust the position of the honing paper 12 or replace a new honing paper cylinder 14. Since the amplitude detected by the detection circuit built into the proximity switch 48 is different when the rotating rod 49 is in different positions, when the honing paper 12 is in a taut state, the rotating rod 49 is farthest from the proximity switch, the detected amplitude is the smallest, and the amplitude varies within the first range; when the honing paper 12 is in a relaxed state, the rotating rod 49 rotates downward by a certain angle, so that the relative position of the rotating rod 49 and the proximity switch 48 becomes smaller, and the amplitude detected by the detection circuit increases. When the second range is set so that the amplitude varies within the second range, it is determined that the honing paper 12 is in a relaxed state; when the honing paper 12 is in a broken state, the contact rod 50 loses support, so that the rotating rod 49 rotates to the lowest point under the action of gravity. During this process, the rotating rod 49 passes the closest point to the proximity switch 48, and the amplitude detected by the detection circuit is the largest, reaching the third range. The control unit acquires the amplitude signal of the proximity switch 48 in real time, compares the amplitude signal with the first range, the second range, and the third range to determine the state of the honing paper 12. When the honing paper 12 is in a taut state, the ultra-precision polishing system performs normal polishing operations. When the honing paper 12 is in a relaxed state, the control unit controls the polishing system to retract and sends a first alarm signal to remind the staff to adjust the adjusting bolt 16, increase the damping of the pulley quick-change assembly 8, and then adjust the tightness of the honing paper 12; when the honing paper 12 is in a broken state, the control unit controls the polishing system to retract and sends a second alarm signal to remind the staff to replace the honing paper 12.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ultra-precision polishing system, connected to a four-station CNC lathe, for polishing a workpiece, characterized in that: It comprises an external control unit and a center plate (7), wherein a damping belt feeding unit (5) and a polishing frequency conversion shaking unit (6) are arranged on one side of the center plate (7), a polishing starting clamping unit is arranged on the other side of the center plate (7), and a grinding fluid pipeline (2) is arranged on the top of the center plate (7); The damping tape feeding unit (5) is connected to a tape feeding motor (26) for driving the damping tape feeding unit (5) to feed the tape; The polishing variable frequency shaking unit (6) is connected to a shaking motor (39) for driving the polishing variable frequency shaking unit (6) to move back and forth within a set range; The polishing start-up clamping unit is connected to a cylinder (36) for flexibly adjusting the tool setting position; The control unit is connected to the tape transport motor (26), the shaking motor (39), and the cylinder (36) respectively, and is used to control the working parameters of the tape transport motor (26), the shaking motor (39), and the cylinder (36).

2. An ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping belt feeding unit (5) comprises a pulley quick-change assembly (8), a belt pressure pulley (10), a recovery assembly (9) and a plurality of guide wheels (11) which are respectively fixed to one side of the center plate (7) and arranged in a V shape; a main polishing wheel (13) is also arranged on one side of the center plate (7), and the main polishing wheel (13) extends to the outer side of the end of the center plate (7) and is used for polishing the workpiece; The pulley quick-change assembly (8) is used to install a honing paper cylinder (14); the honing paper (12) of the honing paper cylinder (14) is sequentially wound from the inner side of the belt pressure roller (10), the outer side of the guide wheel (11), and the outer side of the main throwing wheel (13) to the recovery assembly (9) and is fixedly connected to the recovery assembly (9); The recycling assembly (9) is connected to the belt-feeding motor (26), and the belt-feeding motor (26) drives the recycling assembly (9) to rotate so that the honing paper (12) is wound around the recycling assembly (9), thereby driving the honing paper cylinder (14) to automatically travel.

3. An ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pulley quick-change assembly (8) comprises a driven shaft (19), a first positioning ring (18) is arranged on one side of the center plate (7), a deceleration pressure plate (17) is arranged on the other side of the center plate (7), and the first positioning ring (18) and the deceleration pressure plate (17) are connected by bolts; the driven shaft (19) passes through the first positioning ring (18), the center plate (7) and the deceleration pressure plate (17) in sequence and is rotatably connected to the first positioning ring (18), the center plate (7) and the deceleration pressure plate (17) respectively; A first boss is arranged on one side of the driven shaft (19) close to the deceleration pressure plate (17), the deceleration pressure plate (17) abuts against the first boss to limit the rotation speed of the driven shaft (19), a compression spring (15) and an adjusting bolt (16) are arranged on the outer side of the deceleration pressure plate (17), the compression spring (15) and the adjusting bolt (16) are respectively sleeved on the driven shaft (19) and used to adjust the abutment pressure between the deceleration pressure plate (17) and the first boss; The driven shaft (19) is also sleeved with an expansion sleeve (20), the honing paper cylinder (14) is sleeved on the expansion sleeve (20), a pressure ring (22) is arranged on one side of the expansion sleeve (20), the pressure ring (22) is a conical structure, a lock buckle (21) is arranged on the outer side of the pressure ring (22), one end of the lock buckle (21) passes through the pressure ring (22) and is connected to the driven shaft (19), and is used to adjust the abutment pressure between the pressure ring (22) and the expansion sleeve (20), so that the pressure ring (22) squeezes the expansion sleeve (20) and then adjusts the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve (20) to fix the honing paper cylinder (14).

4. An ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The recovery assembly comprises a driving shaft (32), a second boss is arranged in the middle of the driving shaft (32), a second positioning ring (30) is arranged on one side of the center plate (7), and a connecting pressure ring (31) is arranged on the other side of the center plate (7), the second positioning ring (30) and the connecting pressure ring (31) are connected by bolts, and the driving shaft (32) passes through the second positioning ring (30), the center plate (7) and the connecting pressure ring (31) in sequence and is rotatably connected to the second positioning ring (30), the center plate (7) and the connecting pressure ring (31) respectively; A take-up wheel (23) is sleeved on the driving shaft (32), one side of the second boss abuts against the take-up wheel (23), and the other side of the second boss abuts against the second positioning ring (30), and a limiting ring (24) is provided on the side of the take-up wheel (23) away from the boss, and the limiting ring (24) is connected to the driving shaft (32) via a fastening bolt (25); A driven wheel (28) and a driving wheel (29) are arranged on one side of the center plate (7) close to the connecting pressure ring (31); the tape-walking motor (26) is fixedly connected to the center plate (7) via a motor base, and the output end of the tape-walking motor (26) is connected to the driving wheel (29); the driving wheel (29) and the driven wheel (28) are connected via a belt transmission; the driven wheel (28) is connected to the driving shaft (32) for driving the driving shaft (32) to rotate; an arc-shaped slot is arranged on the take-up wheel (23) for clamping the honing paper (12); the rotation direction of the arc-shaped slot is opposite to the rotation direction of the take-up wheel (23).

5. The ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polishing variable frequency shaking unit (6) is located inside the V-shaped area formed by the damping belt feeding unit (5), and includes a mounting plate (41) connected to the center plate (7), the mounting plate (41) is an L-shaped structure, a linear rail (42) is arranged on the top of the mounting plate (41), a slider (43) is arranged on the top of the linear rail (42), the slider (43) is slidably connected to the linear rail (42), and a shaking plate (47) is arranged on the top of the slider (43); a shaking motor (39) is arranged on the side wall of the mounting plate (41), an eccentric wheel (40) is connected to the output end of the shaking motor (39), a connecting rod (46) is arranged on one side of the shaking plate (47), the eccentric wheel (40) and the connecting rod (46) are connected by a male and female connecting rod (45), so that the eccentric wheel (40) drives the shaking plate (47) to slide back and forth in the linear rail (42) through the male and female connecting rod (45); A throwing wheel inserting frame (44) is provided on one side of the shaking plate (47) away from the connecting rod (46) for fixing the main throwing wheel (13), so that the shaking plate (47) drives the main throwing wheel (13) to perform reciprocating motion within a set range.

6. The ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing start-up clamping unit comprises a cylinder (36) and a guide rail (34) arranged on one side of the central plate (7), and a fixing plate (38) is slidably arranged on the guide rail (34); The output end of the cylinder (36) abuts against one side of the fixed plate (38) through a push plate (37); a connecting piece (35) is provided on the fixed plate (38); and the connecting piece (35) is fixedly connected to the four-station CNC lathe; A limiting plate (33) is also provided on the central plate (7) for limiting the position of the fixing plate (38); The initial state of the cylinder (36) is an extended state. The cylinder (36) contracts to cause the fixed plate (38) and the guide rail (34) to slide relative to each other, thereby driving the central plate (7) to move.

7. An ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a honing paper detection unit, which is used to detect the state of the honing paper (12); The honing paper detection unit comprises a proximity switch (48) and a rotating rod (49) which are arranged on a side of the center plate (7) close to the damping belt feeding unit (5), the proximity switch (48) is connected to the control unit, the rotating rod (49) is rotatably connected to the center plate (7), and a contact rod (50) is also arranged at the end of the rotating rod (49); The contact rod (50) overlaps the honing paper (12). When the tightness of the honing paper (12) decreases or the honing paper (12) is used up, the rotating rod (49) rotates downward to trigger the proximity switch (48) and outputs a switch signal to the control unit.

8. An ultra-precision polishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A nozzle is arranged at one end of the grinding fluid pipeline (2), and the arrangement position of the nozzle is adapted to the main polishing wheel (13). A filtering device is connected to the other end of the grinding fluid pipeline (2), and the filtering device is used to recover and filter the grinding fluid for reuse.

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