Special biological fertilizer for konjak as well as preparation method and application of special biological fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of konjak fertilizers, and discloses a special biological fertilizer for konjak as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method of the special biological fertilizer for konjak comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing robinia pseudoacacia litter leaves, chicken manure, a decomposition agent and molasses, and controlling the humidity of the mixed material to be about 60%; s2, making the uniformly mixed materials into a fermentation heap, and performing pile fermentation for 45-55 days until the heap temperature is reduced and the materials are loosened and thoroughly decomposed, thereby obtaining the special biological fertilizer for the konjak. The special biological fertilizer for the konjak is simple in formula, the utilization rate of forestry waste can be increased, the production cost of the biological fertilizer is greatly reduced, the yield and the quality of the konjak are effectively improved, and the special biological fertilizer has a good market prospect in the application of the konjak planting industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of konjac fertilizers, and in particular to a special konjac biofertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Konjac is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Amorphophallus in the family Araceae. Konjac contains 10 kinds of amino acids, 10 kinds of mineral trace elements and rich dietary fiber. It has a miraculous effect on the prevention and treatment of diabetes and hypertension, and is also a very good health food. Because of this, Konjac is known as the "seventh type of nutrition, magic food and intestinal broom" in the world.

[0003] However, the yield of konjac in my country is not optimistic at present. The main reason is that konjac is sensitive to the growing environment. Konjac is suitable for planting in areas with less sunshine, abundant rainfall and high humidity. The underground part of konjac is a bulb with a long root system. It is suitable for growing in light soil with deep soil, loose texture, good drainage and air permeability, and rich in organic matter.

[0004] However, there are few special biological fertilizers suitable for the growth characteristics of konjac on the market, and the formula is complex and the cost is high, which can hardly meet the current needs of konjac cultivation.

[0005] Therefore, the prior art needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a special bio-fertilizer for konjak, a preparation method and application thereof. The special bio-fertilizer for konjak has a simple formula, uses fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia as raw materials, effectively reduces costs, and significantly improves the yield and quality of konjak.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a special bio-fertilizer for konjak, which comprises the following steps: S1, the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses are mixed evenly, and the humidity of the mixed material is controlled at about 60%; S2. The uniformly mixed materials are made into a fermentation pile, and the pile is fermented for 45 to 55 days until the pile temperature is lowered and the materials are loose and fully decomposed, thereby obtaining a special biological fertilizer for konjac.

[0008] Optionally, in the preparation method of the special bio-fertilizer for konjac, the mass ratio of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses is: (1500-2500): (80-120): 1: (15-25).

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses is 2000:100:1:20.

[0010] Optionally, the decomposing agent includes: Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. In other cases, other existing decomposing agents can also be used.

[0011] Preferably, in the preparation method of the special bio-fertilizer for konjac, compound fertilizer is further added in step S1, and the concentration of the compound fertilizer in the bio-fertilizer in the mixed material is 30-100 mg / g.

[0012] The compound fertilizers are: 25-5-10 compound fertilizer, 15-18-10 compound fertilizer, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer or 15-5-20 compound fertilizer (all purchased from Hubei Yishizhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0013] Preferably, in the method for preparing the special bio-fertilizer for konjac, the pile temperature is 65-70°C.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a konjac-specific bio-fertilizer, which is prepared using the aforementioned preparation method.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present application also provides the use of the above-mentioned konjac-specific biological fertilizer in promoting the growth and yield increase of konjac.

[0016] Optionally, in the application, the application method is: applying the special biological fertilizer for konjac as base fertilizer to the rhizosphere of konjac, covering with a layer of soil after fertilizing, placing the konjac and then covering with soil to cover the konjac.

[0017] Optionally, soil moisture content is controlled at about 75% of maximum field capacity.

[0018] Preferably, in the application, the dosage of the special bio-fertilizer for konjac is 40-160 g / hole.

[0019] Further preferably, the dosage of the konjak-specific biological fertilizer is 120 g / hole. Experiments have shown that under this dosage condition, the konjak-specific biological fertilizer has the best effect on increasing the yield and improving the quality of konjak. Compared with the control group without adding any fertilizer such as the konjak-specific biological fertilizer, the konjac corm equivalent per mu yield and glucomannan content of the experimental group with the dosage of 120 g / hole for konjak-specific biological fertilizer increased by 42.8% and 42.9%, respectively.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1, unique konjak special bio-fertilizer of the present invention adopts forestry waste-robinia pseudoacacia litter and fallen leaves to carry out fermentation degradation as raw material, not only help waste utilization, promote the nutrient of robinia pseudoacacia litter and fallen leaves to return soil, improve soil nutrients, the more important thing is that the bio-fertilizer prepared by the fermentation product of the mixture of this robinia pseudoacacia litter and fallen leaves, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses meets the nutritional requirement in the konjak growth process, can obviously improve the output and the quality of konjak, make konjak corm output improve nearly double, the content of its glucomannan component also is promoted.

[0021] 2, the formula of described konjak special bio-fertilizer is simple, especially with forestry waste-robinia pseudoacacia fallen leaves as important raw material, can significantly reduce its production cost, and as bio-fertilizer, green and environmental protection, has good market prospect in the application of konjak planting industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the equipment and raw materials used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the art. The methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0023] Example 1 Special biological fertilizer for konjac and its preparation 1. The present embodiment provides a kind of special bio-fertilizer for konjak, and this special bio-fertilizer for konjak is mainly prepared by fermentation of each component of following mass fraction: 2000 copies of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves; 100 parts of chicken manure; 1 part of decomposing agent; 20 parts molasses.

[0024] The decomposing agents include three kinds of bacteria: Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum, and the decomposing agents are purchased from Heilongjiang Gefu Technology Co., Ltd.

[0025] 2. The preparation method of the special bio-fertilizer for konjaku comprises the following steps: S1, the corresponding mass parts of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses are mixed in a ratio of 2000:100:1:20 to obtain a mixture, and the humidity of the mixture is controlled to about 60%; S2. The mixed material is made into a fermentation pile, and fermented under constant temperature and humidity conditions of 65-70° C. and 75% humidity for 50 days, until the pile temperature is lowered and the materials are loose and fully decomposed, thereby obtaining a special bio-fertilizer for konjac.

[0026] Example 2 Comparative Experiment of Biofertilizer 1. Experimental setup: Two experimental groups (experimental group 1 and experimental group 2) and two control groups (control group 1 and control group 2) were set up to prepare bio-fertilizer, wherein the experimental group 2 prepared the bio-fertilizer according to the above steps of Example 1; the difference between the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 was that the ingredients of the experimental group 1 omitted molasses; the control group 1 was Robinia pseudoacacia litter leaves that were not degraded by adding a decomposing agent; the control group 2 was not added with any fertilizer such as the bio-fertilizer prepared by the above steps of Example 1.

[0027] 2. Determination of mass loss rate and decomposition constant of fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia.

[0028] The mass of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter before and after each experiment was measured according to the following method, and the mass loss rate and decomposition constant of the Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter were calculated.

[0029] Mass loss rate = 1-MR = 1-M t / M 0 ×100% (1) In formula (1), MR is the mass residual rate, M 0 is the initial mass of litter (g), M t is the residual mass of litter after t hours of decomposition (g).

[0030] The decomposition rate was calculated using the Olson negative exponential decay model: y=e -kt (2) In formula (2), t is time (days), y is the mass residual rate at time t, k is the decomposition constant, e=2.71828.

[0031] 3. Effect of biological fertilizer on konjac yield and quality The experiment was conducted at the Ankang College Breeding Center. Different biofertilizers prepared in the experimental group and each control group were applied to the rhizosphere of konjac as base fertilizer. After fertilization, a layer of soil was covered. After planting konjac corms, the konjac was covered with soil again. The soil moisture content was kept at about 75% of the maximum field water holding capacity. The konjac yield of each group was measured after harvesting for 8 months of growth to calculate the yield increase rate, and the content of glucomannan in the corms was detected to evaluate the quality of each group of konjac.

[0032] Determination method of glucomannan content: According to the NY / T494-2002 standard promulgated in 2002, the glucomannan content in the sample is determined by spectrophotometry.

[0033] 4. Experimental results and analysis (1) The results of the mass loss rate of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves in each group are shown in Table 1. From the results, it can be seen that: Compared with control group 1, the mass loss rate of experimental group 2 was higher, and P < 0.05, indicating that experimental group 2 can significantly increase the mass loss rate of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter. Compared with control group 1, the decomposition constant of experimental group 2 was also significantly increased. The biofertilizer in experimental group 2 can significantly promote the decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter, and the mass loss rate of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter increased by 33.1% compared with control group 1, and the decomposition constant increased by about 36.0% compared with control group 1.

[0034] It can be seen that the konjac-specific biofertilizer provided in Example 1 of the present application can significantly promote the decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter, which is beneficial to the release of nutrients in the Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter.

[0035] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on the decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter

[0036] (2) Effects of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter decomposition on konjac yield and quality The experimental result of Table 2 shows that the biofertilizer of Example 1 is applied to konjac as base fertilizer, which has the best effect on improving the yield of konjac and improving the quality of corms; compared with control group 1 and control group 2, the yield increase rate of the konjac of Example 1 reaches 14.0% and 16.8% respectively, and the glucomannan content in konjac is increased by 17.9% and 18.9% respectively compared with control group 1 and control group 2. It can be seen that the konjac special fertilizer of Example 1 can significantly improve the yield and quality of konjac, and can be used as fertilizer in konjac planting.

[0037] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on konjac yield and quality

[0038] Example 3 Further optimization of the formula of konjac-specific biofertilizer 1. Experimental methods: In order to further optimize the special fertilizer for konjac, a plurality of experimental groups 1 to 4 were set up, and the experimental group 2 prepared in Example 1 was used as a comparison.

[0039] Treatment methods for experimental groups 1 to 4: Mix the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses in a mass ratio of 2000:100:1:20, and control the humidity of the mixture to about 60%; then add 15-15-15 compound fertilizer-Yishizhuang (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ), potassium (K 2O) the content percentages of these three nutrients are 15%, 15% and 15%), 15-18-10 compound fertilizer-Yishi Zhuang (the content percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 15%, 18% and 10%), 25-5-10 compound fertilizer-Yishi Zhuang (the content percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 25%, 5% and 10%), and 15-5-20 compound fertilizer-Yishi Zhuang (the content percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 15%, 5% and 20%) (all purchased from Hubei Yishi Zhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) were applied to the mixed materials of experimental groups 1 to 4 at a concentration of 60 mg / g, and the evenly mixed materials were made into fermentation piles of appropriate scale.

[0040] Fermentation is carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions of 65~70℃ and 75% humidity for 50 days, until the pile temperature drops and the material becomes loose and mature.

[0041] Control group treatment: The biological fertilizer of Example 1 was applied with reference to the experimental group, but no compound fertilizer was added.

[0042] 2. Effects of different treatment groups on the decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter (1) The experimental method is the same as that in Example 2.

[0043] The mass of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter before and after decomposition was measured, and the mass loss rate and decomposition constant were calculated.

[0044] 3. Effects of different treatment groups on konjac growth The present embodiment arranges experimental groups 1-4, and the processing method is: the konjak special biofertilizer prepared in the first step of the present embodiment is used as base fertilizer, and is applied to the konjak rhizosphere soil in an amount of 80g / hole respectively and successively, and a layer of soil is covered after fertilization, and then the konjak is covered with soil after planting. Keep the soil moisture content controlled at about 75% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0045] After the konjac matured, the konjac yield and bulb quality of each group were measured.

[0046] At the same time, the biofertilizer of Example 1 (with the same formula as the experimental group) and a control group without applying compound fertilizer were set up.

[0047] 4. Method for determining the yield and quality of konjac When harvesting, the konjac corms are dug out completely, the soil is removed, and the fresh weight of the corms is weighed and counted. The content of glucomannan in the sample is determined by spectrophotometry according to the NY / T494-2002 standard promulgated in 2002.

[0048] 5. Experimental results and analysis (1) The experimental results are shown in Table 3. The results show that compared with the control group, the mass loss rate and decomposition constant of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter in experimental group 4 with the addition of 15-5-20 compound fertilizer were the highest, and the mass loss rate was increased by 20.6% compared with the control group, indicating the best effect.

[0049] It can be seen that the biofertilizer in Experimental Group 4, which is an optimized solution of adding 15-5-20 compound fertilizer, can significantly promote the decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter.

[0050] Table 3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter

[0051] (2) The experimental results in Table 4 show that compared with the control group, the konjac corm yield and quality were the best in the experimental group 4 with the addition of the 15-5-20 compound fertilizer optimization scheme. Its yield and glucomannan content increased by 19.7% and 15.5% respectively compared with the control group.

[0052] Table 4 Effects of different fertilization treatments on konjac yield and quality

[0053] Example 4 Optimization of the dosage of konjac-specific biofertilizer The present embodiment optimizes the consumption of the special bio-fertilizer for konjak, and studies the influence of the consumption of the special bio-fertilizer for konjak on the growth and quality of konjak.

[0054] 1. Preparation of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter decomposition Robinia pseudoacacia leaves, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 2000:100:1:20, and the material humidity is about 60%; 15-5-20 compound fertilizer is applied to the material at a concentration of 60mg / g, and the mixed material is made into a fermentation pile of appropriate scale, and a thermometer is inserted to observe the temperature change in the pile. Ferment for 50 days under constant temperature and humidity conditions of 65-70℃ and 75% humidity until the pile temperature drops and the material is loose and mature, and the konjac special biological fertilizer is obtained.

[0055] 2. Treatment of konjac with decomposed matter of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves The present embodiment sets experimental groups 1 to 4, and the treatment method is as follows: the konjak-specific biofertilizer prepared in step 1 of the present embodiment is used as a base fertilizer, and is applied to the rhizosphere soil of konjak in an amount of 40 g / hole (experimental group 1), 80 g / hole (experimental group 2), 120 g / hole (experimental group 3) and 160 g / hole (experimental group 4) respectively, and a layer of soil is covered after fertilization, and then the konjak is planted and covered with soil. Keep the soil moisture content controlled at about 75% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0056] After the konjac matured, the konjac yield and bulb quality of each group were measured.

[0057] At the same time, control group 1 and control group 2 were set up, and the experimental operation of these two groups was the same as that of the experimental group. The difference was that the fertilizer application treatment was different: in control group 1, no fertilizer such as konjac special biological fertilizer was added; in control group 2, 80 g / hole of Robinia pseudoacacia litter without degradation treatment was added.

[0058] 3. Method for determining the yield and quality of konjac: When harvesting, the konjac corms are dug out completely, the soil is removed, and the fresh weight of the corms is weighed and counted. The content of glucomannan in the sample is determined by spectrophotometry according to the NY / T494-2002 standard promulgated in 2002.

[0059] 4. Experimental results and analysis The experimental results in Table 5 show that, compared with the control group 1, the konjac yields of the experimental groups 1 to 4 were greatly improved, and the experimental group 3 had the best effect; compared with the control group 1 to which no fertilizers such as the special biological fertilizer for konjac were added, the konjac corm equivalent per mu yield and the glucomannan content of the experimental group 3 were increased by 42.8% and 42.9%, respectively; compared with the control group 2 to which 80 g / hole of undegraded Robinia pseudoacacia litter leaves were added, the konjac corm equivalent per mu yield and the glucomannan content of the experimental group 3 were increased by 38.4% and 42.0%, respectively; this result shows that the konjac yield can be greatly improved by using the special biological fertilizer for konjac of the present application as base fertilizer.

[0060] Table 5 Effects of different amounts of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter decomposition on konjac yield and quality

[0061] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0062] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a special bio-fertilizer for konjak, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1, the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses are mixed evenly, and the humidity of the mixed material is controlled to be about 60%; S2, making the mixed materials into a fermentation pile, and fermenting the pile for 45 to 55 days until the pile temperature is lowered and the materials are loose and fully decomposed, thereby obtaining a special biological fertilizer for konjac.

2. the preparation method of konjaku special bio-fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The mass ratio of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf litter, chicken manure, decomposing agent and molasses is: (1500~2500): (80~120): 1: (15~25).

3. the preparation method of konjaku special bio-fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The decomposing agents include: trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum.

4. the preparation method of konjaku special bio-fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step S1, compound fertilizer is also added, and the concentration of the compound fertilizer in the mixed material is 30-100 mg / g.

5. the preparation method of konjaku special bio-fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The pile temperature is 65~70℃.

6. A special biofertilizer for konjac, characterized in that, The method is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. the application of konjaku special bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 6 in promoting konjaku growth and increasing production.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The application method is as follows: applying the special biological fertilizer for konjak as base fertilizer to the rhizosphere of konjak, covering with a layer of soil after fertilization, and covering with soil to cover the konjak after planting the konjak.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dosage of konjac-specific biological fertilizer is 40~160 g / hole.

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