Solid wheel track lubricant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses composite fluid lubricating grease, a solid lubricant composition containing the composite fluid lubricating grease and a solid lubricant prepared from the composite fluid lubricating grease and used for lubricating a steel rail. The composite fluid lubricating grease comprises 20 to 60 wt% of base oil, 30 to 70 wt% of a soap-based thickening agent, 0 to 10 wt% of a tackifier, 10 to 20 wt% of a solid lubricant, 1 to 5 wt% of an anti-wear reagent at extreme pressure, 0.2 to 2 wt% of an antioxidant and 0.2 to 2 wt% of an antirust agent. The solid lubricant composition comprises 40-80 wt% of the composite fluid lubricating grease, 20-50 wt% of a solid forming agent, 0-10 wt% of an adhesive and 0-2 wt% of a coating. Wherein the solid forming agent is selected from one or more of paraffin, polyethylene and polyethylene wax in any proportion, and the adhesive is selected from one or more of asphalt, polyisobutene and epoxy resin in any proportion. The invention further provides a preparation method and application of the solid lubricant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating compositions, and in particular relates to a solid lubricant for railway wheel-rail lubrication, especially for lubrication of curved rails and vehicle wheel rims, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When a railway vehicle passes through a curved rail, the wheel flange rubs against the rail side. Without effective lubrication, the wheel flange will be severely worn, which will increase the amount of wheel turning and repair, and ultimately shorten the service life of the wheel. At the same time, the rail will also suffer from side wear, corrugation and other damage. This has become the main type of damage to the curved rail, seriously affecting the service life of the curved rail. Covering the vehicle wheel flange with a layer of lubricant in an appropriate manner is an effective way to reduce the wear of the curved rail and vehicle wheel flange.

[0003] The lubricants commonly used for railway vehicle wheel flanges are semi-solid and solid. Semi-solid lubricants are easy to splash onto the rail tread, causing wheel slippage and affecting train braking and other safety hazards; and semi-solid lubricants are not easy to remain on the rails and wheel flanges, the lubricant consumption is large, and the railway line is polluted.

[0004] Therefore, solid lubricants are increasingly gaining attention. In the prior art, there have been a variety of solid lubricants used for rail vehicle wheel-rail lubrication, such as the solid lubricants disclosed in Chinese invention patents (applications) with publication numbers CN1078608C, CN104401355A, CN105695064A, CN111607448A, CN114410365A, CN115851338A and CN109552354A. These solid lubricants are generally based on solid materials and are formed by pressure. However, the inventors have found through research that although these solid lubricants have a relatively high hardness, they have poor adhesion on the wheel rim of the vehicle and poor ductility on the side of the rail, resulting in poor lubrication effect.

[0005] Therefore, in order to better ensure the safe operation of trains and reduce the loss of curved rails and train wheels and rails, it is still necessary to develop a solid lubricant that has moderate hardness, can adapt to high and low temperature environments of -50℃ to 80℃, has good adhesion and ductility, and excellent wear resistance for railway wheel and rail lubrication, especially for the lubrication of curved rails and vehicle wheel rims. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a solid lubricant and a preparation method and application thereof. The solid lubricant has a novel formula, good adhesion, ductility and anti-wear lubricity, suitable hardness and a wide temperature range of use.

[0007] To this end, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A composite fluid grease, comprising the following components in percentage by weight, based on a total weight of 100%:

[0009] Base oil: 20~60wt%

[0010] Soap thickener: 30~70wt%

[0011] Thickener: 0~10wt%

[0012] Solid lubricant: 10~20wt%,

[0013] Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 1~5wt%,

[0014] Antioxidant: 0.2~2wt%

[0015] Rust inhibitor: 0.2~2wt%.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the composite fluid grease provided in the present application includes the following components in weight percentage, based on the total weight being 100%:

[0017] Base oil: 30-45wt%;

[0018] Soap-based thickener: 35-50wt%;

[0019] Tackifier: 1-5wt%;

[0020] Solid lubricant: 10-20wt%;

[0021] Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 2.0-5wt%;

[0022] Antioxidant: 0.5-1wt%;

[0023] Rust inhibitor: 0.2~0.5wt%.

[0024] As a more preferred embodiment, the composite fluid grease provided in the present application includes the following components in weight percentage, based on the total weight being 100%:

[0025] Base oil: 30-45wt%;

[0026] Soap-based thickener: 40-50wt%;

[0027] Tackifier: 1.5-5wt%;

[0028] Solid lubricant: 11.5-15wt%;

[0029] Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 2.5-3.5wt%;

[0030] Antioxidant: 0.5-1wt%;

[0031] Rust inhibitor: 0.2~0.5wt%.

[0032] Preferably, the base oil is selected from mineral oil and / or synthetic oil.

[0033] Optionally, the mineral oil is selected from one of bright oil and high viscosity mineral oil or both in any ratio.

[0034] More preferably, the mineral oil is bright stock.

[0035] Preferably, the synthetic oil is selected from poly-alpha-olefin synthetic base oil, diester lubricating oil or neopentyl polyol ester.

[0036] The diester lubricant can be selected from the diester lubricants commonly used in the art, such as fatty alcohol diesters of dibasic acids such as adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid or trimethyl adipic acid; such as 2-ethylhexyl ester of adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, iso-C ester of dodecanedioic acid; 8-12 Alcohol ester, trimethyl adipate, n-C 8-12 Alcohol esters, etc.

[0037] The neopentyl polyol ester can also be selected from the common neopentyl polyol esters in the art, such as pentaerythritol esters (such as pentaerythritol tetrahexyl ester, pentaerythritol tetraheptyl ester), pentaerythritol tetraoctyl ester, dipentaerythritol ester, trimethylolpropane ester and neopentyl glycol ester, etc.

[0038] Preferably, the synthetic oil is selected from poly-alpha-olefin synthetic base oil, pentaerythritol ester or dipentaerythritol ester.

[0039] Taking the weight of the base oil as 100%, as an optional embodiment, the composition of the base oil is as follows:

[0040] Bright oil: 0~90wt%, and

[0041] Synthetic oil: Balance.

[0042] Taking the weight of the base oil as 100%, as a preferred embodiment, the composition of the base oil is as follows:

[0043] Bright oil: 10% to 40wt%, and

[0044] Synthetic oil: Balance.

[0045] In the above preferred embodiment, the bright oil has a kinematic viscosity of 450-650 mm at 40°C. 2 / s of 150BS; the synthetic oil has a kinematic viscosity of 20 to 40 mm at 100 ° C 2 / s of poly-α-olefin and dipentaerythritol ester or a mixture in any proportion.

[0046] Preferably, the soap-based thickener is a composite calcium sulfonate soap and / or a composite lithium sulfonate soap.

[0047] More preferably, the soap-based thickener is a complex overbased calcium sulfonate.

[0048] The composite fluid grease of the present application has a consistency of 1# to 6# grease, and a cone penetration of 85 (0.1 mm) to 340 (0.1 mm). The weight percentage content of the soap-based thickener in the composite fluid grease can adjust the consistency and cone penetration of the composite fluid grease. In particular, when the content of the soap-based thickener is 40 to 60 wt%, the consistency of the composite fluid grease is 2# to 4# grease, and the cone penetration is 175 (0.1 mm) to 295 (0.1 mm).

[0049] Preferably, the tackifier is selected from one or more of styrene isoprene copolymer, ethylene propylene copolymer, polyisobutylene, styrene butadiene copolymer and terpene resin in any proportion.

[0050] More preferably, the tackifier is selected from one or more of polyisobutylene, styrene butadiene copolymer and terpene resin in any ratio.

[0051] Preferably, the solid lubricant is selected from one or more of polyethylene, copper powder, zinc powder, polytetrafluoroethylene, melamine cyanurate, molybdenum disulfide and graphite in any proportion.

[0052] More preferably, the solid lubricant is selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum disulfide and graphite in any proportion.

[0053] Preferably, the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is selected from one or more of triphenyl thiophosphate, dialkyl polysulfide, dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc salt and dialkyl dithiophosphate molybdenum salt in any proportion.

[0054] More preferably, the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is selected from at least one of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate.

[0055] Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from phenyl-α-naphthylamine, butyl octyl diphenylamine, alkylated aniline, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-(C 7 -C 9 One or more of branched) alkyl esters and thioether phenols in any ratio.

[0056] More preferably, the antioxidant is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-(C 7 -C 9 Branched) alkyl esters.

[0057] Preferably, the rust inhibitor is selected from one or more of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate barium salt, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate calcium salt and dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate zinc salt in any proportion.

[0058] More preferably, the rust inhibitor is dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt.

[0059] The preparation method of the composite fluid grease described in the present application comprises the following steps:

[0060] I. Prepare each component according to weight percentage;

[0061] II. In a reaction vessel with a stirring device, add the base oil, raise the temperature to 80-90°C, add the soap-based thickener, then raise the temperature to 110-120°C, add the extreme pressure anti-wear agent, antioxidant, rust inhibitor and tackifier in sequence, stir, raise the temperature to 180-200°C and keep it for 1-2 hours, then cool it down to 80-90°C, add the solid lubricant, continue to cool down to 60-70°C, and stir evenly.

[0062] Preferably, after the step II is completed, the process further comprises rolling the composite fluid grease three times with a three-roll oil mill.

[0063] The present application also provides a solid lubricant composition, comprising the above-mentioned composite fluid grease, a solid forming agent, an adhesive and a coating, wherein the total weight of the solid lubricant composition is 100%, and the weight percentages of the raw materials are as follows:

[0064] The composite fluid grease described in this application: 40-80wt%,

[0065] Solid forming agent: 20~50wt%,

[0066] Adhesive: 0-10wt%;

[0067] Coating: 0~2wt%.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, taking the total weight of the solid lubricant composition as 100%, the weight percentages of the raw materials are as follows:

[0069] The composite fluid grease described in this application: 40-60wt%;

[0070] Solid forming agent: 30-50wt%;

[0071] Adhesive: 2-8 wt%;

[0072] Coating: 1~2wt%.

[0073] As a more preferred embodiment, taking the total weight of the solid lubricant composition as 100%, the weight percentages of the raw materials are:

[0074] The composite fluid grease described in this application: 45-60wt%;

[0075] Solid forming agent: 30-50wt%;

[0076] Adhesive: 2-8 wt%;

[0077] Coating: 1~2wt%.

[0078] Preferably, the composite fluid grease has a consistency of 2# to 4# grease and a cone penetration of 175 (0.1 mm) to 295 (0.1 mm).

[0079] Preferably, the solid forming agent is selected from one or more of paraffin, polyethylene and polyethylene wax in any proportion.

[0080] More preferably, the solid forming agent is selected from one of the following Group 1, Group 2 or Group 3:

[0081] Group 1: Polyethylene wax,

[0082] Group 2: Polyethylene wax and paraffin wax,

[0083] Group 3: Polyethylene wax and polyethylene.

[0084] Most preferably, the solid forming agent is selected from Group 1 or Group 3 above.

[0085] Also preferably, the polyethylene wax is polyethylene wax 80# to 150#.

[0086] Preferably, the adhesive is selected from one or more of asphalt, polyisobutylene and epoxy resin in any proportion.

[0087] More preferably, the adhesive is selected from one of the following Group A, Group B and Group C:

[0088] Group A: Asphalt,

[0089] Group B: bitumen and polyisobutylene,

[0090] Group C: Bitumen and epoxy resin.

[0091] Most preferably, the adhesive is selected from Group A or Group C.

[0092] Preferably, the coating is selected from one of styrene acrylic emulsion and silicone acrylic emulsion or both of them in any ratio.

[0093] More preferably, the coating is a silicone acrylic emulsion.

[0094] As a preferred embodiment, the present application provides a solid lubricant composition, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight, with the total weight of the solid lubricant composition being 100%:

[0095] The composite fluid grease described in the present application: 45-60wt%, wherein the composite fluid grease has a consistency of 2#-4# grease and a cone penetration of 175 (0.1mm)-295 (0.1mm),

[0096] Polyethylene wax 80#~150#, or polyethylene wax 80#~150# and polyethylene: 30~40wt%,

[0097] Asphalt, or asphalt and epoxy resin: 2-8wt%,

[0098] Silicone acrylic emulsion: balance.

[0099] The present application also provides a solid lubricant, which is prepared by the following method using the above solid lubricant composition as a raw material:

[0100] S1. Prepare the raw materials according to weight percentage;

[0101] S2. The composite fluid grease and the solid forming agent are added to a mixing device with a heating and stirring device, stirred, heated to 110 ℃ ~ 140 ℃, kept warm and stirred for 1 to 3 hours; then the adhesive is added, kept warm and stirred for not less than 1 hour, and the heating is stopped to obtain a liquid mixture;

[0102] S3. The liquid mixture obtained in step S2 is cooled to 80-90°C, transferred to a three-roll oil mill, rolled three times, and then poured into a mold and cooled; demolded and dried at room temperature;

[0103] S4. Spray or apply the coating on a wide surface of the solid lubricant obtained in step S3 until the coating completely covers the surface, and dry it in the shade at room temperature or in the sun.

[0104] Preferably, in step S2, the temperature is raised to 120°C to 130°C.

[0105] Preferably, in step S3, the specific cooling operation may be any one of the following 1) to 4):

[0106] 1) Cool naturally to room temperature together with the mold;

[0107] 2) Put it together with the mold into a -10℃ low temperature box or freezer to cool for 10 to 14 hours;

[0108] 3) Put it together with the mold into a 0-4℃ refrigerator and cool it for 12-18 hours;

[0109] 4) Place the mold in normal temperature tap water and cool for 12 to 18 hours.

[0110] The operation of 2), 3) or 4) is preferred, and the operation of 2) or 3) is more preferred.

[0111] The present application also provides the use of the solid lubricant in the lubrication of railway vehicle wheel flanges and rail sides.

[0112] In particular, the present application provides the use of the solid lubricant to lubricate the wheel flange of a railway vehicle and the side of a curved rail when the railway vehicle passes through a curved rail.

[0113] Also preferably, the above solid lubricant is used as a lubricating block in a wayside wheel-rail solid lubrication device.

[0114] Preferably, the structure of the wayside wheel-rail solid lubrication device is described in Chinese utility model patent 202420617669.4.

[0115] The present application directly solidifies a composite fluid grease of a certain consistency into a solid lubricant. The obtained solid lubricant has the characteristics of both fluid grease and solid lubricant, and has good adhesion, ductility and lubricity, and has appropriate hardness so that it does not splash or pollute. The solid lubricant of the present application has good temperature adaptability and can maintain hardness in the temperature range of -50℃ to 80℃. It is suitable as a lubricating block for the roadside wheel-rail solid lubrication device disclosed in Chinese utility model patent 202420617669.4.

[0116] In the composite fluid grease, bright oil provides basic viscosity, and has the advantages of low cost and good chemical stability. Polyalphaolefin base oil alone or together with bright oil as base oil can ensure viscosity while making the lubricating finger have better high and low temperature performance. The tackifier can improve the low temperature performance and extreme pressure anti-wear performance of the grease, and can also improve the adhesion and hardness of the finished solid lubricant on the wheel rim of the vehicle, so that it is not easy to break when squeezed.

[0117] Solid lubricants in the prior art are generally based on solid lubricating materials (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) or epoxy resin or rubber as the base material. The solid lubricant of the present application is directly solidified and formed by composite fluid grease, but the solid lubricant of the present application has a certain hardness in a wide temperature range (-50℃~80℃), and the hardness changes little with temperature. It is particularly suitable as a lubricating block for the roadside wheel-rail solid lubrication device published in utility model patent 202420617669.4, which can not only provide accurate and good lubrication for the vehicle wheel rim and the curved section rail side, but also meet the safety requirements of high-speed railways. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0118] The present invention is described below with reference to specific examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0119] The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0120] The English abbreviations and their Chinese meanings of the terms appearing in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows:

[0121] PAO: polyalphaolefin base oil,

[0122] PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene,

[0123] Embodiments 1 to 4 A composite fluid grease

[0124] The compositions of the composite fluid greases of Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1 and are prepared according to the following method:

[0125] I. Prepare each component according to weight percentage;

[0126] II. In a reaction vessel with a stirring device, add the base oil, heat it to 80-90°C, add the soap-based thickener, then heat it to 110-120°C, add the extreme pressure anti-wear agent, antioxidant, rust inhibitor and tackifier in sequence, heat it to 180-200°C and keep it for 1-2 hours, then cool it to 80-90°C, add the solid lubricant, continue to cool it to 60-70°C, stir it evenly, and roll it three times on a three-roll oil mill to obtain the product.

[0127] Table 1 Composition of composite fluid grease of Examples 1 to 4 (%)

[0128]

[0129] a :40℃ kinematic viscosity is 450~650mm 2 150BS / s;

[0130] b :100℃ kinematic viscosity is 20~40mm 2 / s;

[0131] c :Dipentaerythritol ester, kinematic viscosity at 100℃ is 20~40mm 2 / s;

[0132] Embodiments 5 to 9 Solid lubricants

[0133] The raw material compositions of the solid lubricants of Examples 5 to 9 are shown in Table 2, and they were prepared according to the following method:

[0134] S1. Prepare the raw materials according to weight percentage;

[0135] S2. The composite fluid grease and the solid forming agent are added to a kettle with a heating and stirring device, stirred, heated to 120 ℃ ~ 130 ℃, kept warm and stirred for 2 to 3 hours; then the adhesive is added, kept warm and stirred for at least 1 hour, and the heating is stopped to obtain a liquid mixture;

[0136] S3. The liquid mixture obtained in step S2 is cooled to 80°C to 90°C, transferred to a three-roll oil mill, rolled three times, and then poured into a mold, and placed in a -10°C low-temperature box together with the mold to cool for 10 to 14 hours or placed in room temperature tap water to cool for 12 to 18 hours; demolding, and drying at room temperature;

[0137] S4. Evenly apply 20 g of silicone-acrylic emulsion on a wide surface of each solid lubricant obtained in step S3, and dry it at room temperature or in the sun.

[0138] Table 2 Raw material composition of solid lubricants of Examples 5 to 9

[0139]

[0140] Comparative Example 1: A solid lubricant

[0141] According to the record of patent CN101113382 B, 1000g of solid lubricant was prepared:

[0142] 10% copper powder, 25% graphite, 15% tungsten sulfide, 5% calcium fluoride, 45% dodecyl hydroxystearic acid; heat and melt all the above raw materials, grind them 3 times with a colloid mill at a temperature above 80°C, then cast them into shape, and cool them naturally to obtain the product.

[0143] Comparative Example 2: A solid lubricant

[0144] According to the record of patent CN 1078608 C, 1000g of solid lubricant was prepared:

[0145] 531g of polytetrafluoroethylene, 128g of molybdenum disulfide, 254g of graphite, 15g of bronze powder, 46g of glass fiber, 7g of antimony trioxide, 11g of ferromanganese phosphate, and 7g of lead oxide; stir the above raw materials evenly, put them into a mold cavity, pressurize them to 35MPa at room temperature, put them into a muffle furnace, and sinter them at 375℃ for 12h to obtain.

[0146] Comparative Example 3: A solid lubricating stick

[0147] The solid lubricating rod of this comparative example is a commercially available product with the trademark "China Academy of Railway Sciences", manufacturer: Beijing China Railway Science New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., and developer: Institute of Metal and Chemistry, China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd.

[0148] Comparative Example 4 A solid lubricating rod

[0149] The solid lubricating rod (rim lubricating rod) of this comparative example is a commercially available product, manufacturer: Jinan Sanxin Railway Lubricating Materials Co., Ltd.

[0150] Test Example Performance of the solid lubricants (rods) of each example and comparative example

[0151] 1. Hardness

[0152] The Shore hardness A of the solid lubricants (rods) of each example and comparative example at -20°C, room temperature and 80°C was measured according to the method described in GB / T 531.1-2008 "Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of indentation hardness - Part 1: Shore hardness". The results are shown in Table 3.

[0153] 2. Corrosion resistance

[0154] The corrosion resistance of the solid lubricants (rods) of each example and comparative example was measured according to the method described in SH / T 0331-1992(2004) "Test method for corrosion of lubricating grease". The results are shown in Table 3.

[0155] 3. Ductility

[0156] The solid lubricant (rod) was evenly coated on the first 10 m of the side of the curved section of the rail manually; the distance that the lubricant could be carried was measured after about 20 trains passed. The ductility of the solid lubricant was judged according to the distance: less than 20 m was "poor", 20 - 50 m was "relatively poor", 50 - 100 m was "average", 100 - 150 m was "relatively good", and more than 150 m was "good".

[0157] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0158] 4. Adhesion

[0159] The same person held the solid lubricant (rod) and applied the solid lubricant (rod) to a steel plate with a basically consistent force, and checked the spots left by the lubricant on the steel plate. The adhesion was judged according to the following criteria:

[0160] No spots was "poor", faint spots was "relatively poor", a small amount of spot traces was "average", and obvious spots was "good".

[0161] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0162] 5. Extreme pressure performance

[0163] The extreme pressure properties of the solid lubricants (rods) of the embodiments and comparative examples were measured according to the method described in NB / SH / T0203-2014 “Timken method for determination of load-bearing capacity of grease”. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0164] Table 3 Performance test results of solid lubricants (rods) of various embodiments and comparative examples

[0165]

[0166] It can be seen from the measurement results shown in Table 3 that the solid lubricant provided by the present application has good extreme pressure and anti-wear properties, good ductility and good adhesion properties, and moderate hardness at different temperatures compared with the solid lubricants in various comparative examples.

[0167] Therefore, the present application provides a wheel-rail solid lubricant suitable for railway locomotive vehicle wheel flange lubrication, curved rail side lubrication, and turnout curved rail lubrication, and is particularly suitable for high-speed railway wheel-rail lubrication. The solid lubricant of the present application can be well matched with the roadside wheel-rail solid lubrication device published in patent 202420617669.4 as a lubricating block, and can be applied to wheel-rail lubrication of high-speed railways, intercity railway EMUs and lines, and has a good application prospect.

Claims

1. A composite fluid grease, comprising the following components in weight percentage, based on the total weight being 100%: Base oil: 20~60wt% Soap thickener: 30~70wt% Thickener: 0~10wt% Solid lubricant: 10~20wt%, Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 1~5wt%, Antioxidant: 0.2~2wt% Rust inhibitor: 0.2~2wt%.

2. The composite fluid grease according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the total weight being 100%, the composition comprises the following components in weight percentage: Base oil: 30-45wt%; Soap-based thickener: 35-50wt%; Tackifier: 1-5wt%; Solid lubricant: 10-20wt%; Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 2.0-5wt%; Antioxidant: 0.5-1wt%; Rust inhibitor: 0.2-0.5wt%; Preferably, the composite fluid grease, based on a total weight of 100%, comprises the following components in weight percentage: Base oil: 30-45wt%; Soap-based thickener: 40-50wt%; Tackifier: 1.5-5wt%; Solid lubricant: 11.5-15wt%; Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 2.5-3.5wt%; Antioxidant: 0.5-1wt%; Rust inhibitor: 0.2~0.5wt%.

3. The composite fluid grease according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The base oil is selected from mineral oil and / or synthetic oil; Optionally, the mineral oil is selected from one of bright oil and high viscosity mineral oil or both in any ratio; preferably, the mineral oil is bright oil; Preferably, the synthetic oil is selected from poly-alpha-olefin synthetic base oil, diester lubricating oil or neopentyl polyol ester; Optionally, the diester lubricant is selected from the diester lubricants commonly found in the art; preferably, the diester lubricant is selected from the fatty alcohol diester of adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid or trimethyl adipic acid; more preferably, the diester lubricant is selected from the fatty alcohol diester of adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, iso-C 8-12 alcohol ester or trimethyl adipate 8-12 alcohol esters; Optionally, the neopentyl polyol ester is selected from the common neopentyl polyol esters in the art; preferably, the neopentyl polyol ester is selected from pentaerythritol ester, dipentaerythritol ester, trimethylolpropane ester and neopentyl glycol ester; Preferably, the synthetic oil is selected from poly-alpha-olefin synthetic base oil, pentaerythritol ester or dipentaerythritol ester; Preferably, taking the weight of the base oil as 100%, the composition of the base oil is as follows: Bright oil: 0~90wt%, and Synthetic oil: balance; Wherein, the bright oil has a kinematic viscosity of 450-650 mm at 40°C. 2 / s of 150BS; the synthetic oil has a kinematic viscosity of 20 to 40 mm at 100 ° C 2 / s of poly-α-olefin and dipentaerythritol ester or a mixture in any proportion; More preferably, taking the weight of the base oil as 100%, the composition of the base oil is as follows: Bright oil: 10%~40wt%, and Synthetic oil: balance; Wherein, the bright oil has a kinematic viscosity of 450-650 mm at 40°C. 2 / s of 150BS; the synthetic oil has a kinematic viscosity of 20 to 40 mm at 100 ° C 2 / s of poly-α-olefin and dipentaerythritol ester or a mixture in any proportion.

4. The composite fluid grease according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The soap-based thickener is a composite calcium sulfonate soap and / or a composite lithium sulfonate soap; Preferably, the soap-based thickener is a composite high-base calcium sulfonate; Preferably, the tackifier is selected from one or more of styrene isoprene copolymer, ethylene propylene copolymer, polyisobutylene, styrene butadiene copolymer and terpene resin in any proportion; More preferably, the tackifier is selected from one or more of polyisobutylene, styrene butadiene copolymer and terpene resin in any ratio; Preferably, the solid lubricant is selected from one or more of polyethylene, copper powder, zinc powder, polytetrafluoroethylene, melamine cyanurate, molybdenum disulfide and graphite in any proportion; More preferably, the solid lubricant is selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum disulfide and graphite in any proportion; Preferably, the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is selected from one or more of triphenyl thiophosphate, dialkyl polysulfide, dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc salt and dialkyl dithiophosphate molybdenum salt; More preferably, the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is selected from at least one of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate; Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from one or more of phenyl-α-naphthylamine, butyl octyl diphenylamine, alkylated aniline, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-(C7-C9 branched) alkyl ester and thioether phenol in any proportion; More preferably, the antioxidant is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-(C7-C9 branched) alkyl ester; Preferably, the rust inhibitor is selected from one or more of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate barium salt, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate calcium salt and dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate zinc salt in any proportion; More preferably, the rust inhibitor is dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt.

5. The method for preparing the composite fluid grease according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: I. Prepare each component according to weight percentage; II. In a reaction vessel with a stirring device, add the base oil, heat to 80-90°C, add the soap-based thickener, then heat to 110-120°C, add the extreme pressure anti-wear agent, antioxidant, rust inhibitor and tackifier in order, stir, heat to 180-200°C and keep warm for 1-2 hours, then cool to 80-90°C, add the solid lubricant, continue to cool to 60-70°C, and stir evenly; Preferably, after the step II is completed, the process further comprises rolling the composite fluid grease three times with a three-roll oil mill.

6. A solid lubricant composition, comprising the composite fluid grease according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the composite fluid grease prepared by the preparation method according to claim 5, a solid forming agent, an adhesive and a coating, wherein the total weight of the solid lubricant composition is 100%, and the weight percentages of the raw materials are as follows: The composite fluid grease: 40-80wt%, Solid forming agent: 20~50wt%, Adhesive: 0-10wt%; Coating: 0~2wt%.

7. The solid lubricant composition according to claim 6, characterized in that: Taking the total weight of the solid lubricant composition as 100%, the weight percentages of the raw materials are as follows: The composite fluid grease: 40-60wt%; Solid forming agent: 30-50wt%; Adhesive: 2-8 wt%; Coating: 1-2wt%; Preferably, taking the total weight of the solid lubricant composition as 100%, the weight percentages of the raw materials are as follows: The composite fluid grease: 45-60wt%; Solid forming agent: 30-40wt%; Adhesive: 2-8 wt%; Coating: 1~2wt%.

8. The solid lubricant composition according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The composite fluid grease has a consistency of 2# to 4# grease and a cone penetration of 175 (0.1 mm) to 295 (0.1 mm); Preferably, the solid forming agent is selected from one or more of paraffin, polyethylene and polyethylene wax in any proportion; More preferably, the solid forming agent is selected from one of the following Group 1, Group 2 or Group 3: Group 1: Polyethylene wax, Group 2: Polyethylene wax and paraffin wax, Group 3: polyethylene wax and polyethylene; Most preferably, the solid forming agent is selected from Group 1 or Group 3 above; Also preferably, the polyethylene wax is polyethylene wax 80# to 150#; Preferably, the adhesive is selected from one or more of asphalt, polyisobutylene and epoxy resin in any proportion; More preferably, the adhesive is selected from one of the following Group A, Group B and Group C: Group A: Asphalt, Group B: bitumen and polyisobutylene, Group C: bitumen and epoxy resin; Most preferably, the adhesive is selected from Group A or Group C; Preferably, the coating is selected from one of styrene acrylic emulsion and silicone acrylic emulsion or both in any ratio; More preferably, the coating is a silicone acrylic emulsion.

9. A solid lubricant composition, comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight, with the total weight of the solid lubricant composition being 100%: The composite fluid grease according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the composite fluid grease prepared by the preparation method according to claim 5: 45-60wt%, wherein the composite fluid grease has a consistency of 2# to 4# grease and a cone penetration of 175 (0.1mm) to 295 (0.1mm), Polyethylene wax 80#~150#, or polyethylene wax 80#~150# and polyethylene: 30~40wt%, Asphalt, or asphalt and epoxy resin: 2-8wt%, Silicone acrylic emulsion: balance.

10. A solid lubricant, prepared by the following method using the solid lubricant composition according to any one of claims 6 to 9 as a raw material: S1. Prepare the raw materials according to weight percentage; S2. The composite fluid grease and the solid forming agent are added to a mixing device with a heating and stirring device, stirred, heated to 110 ℃ ~ 140 ℃, kept warm and stirred for 1 to 3 hours; then the adhesive is added, kept warm and stirred for not less than 1 hour, and the heating is stopped to obtain a liquid mixture; S3. The liquid mixture obtained in step S2 is cooled to 80-90°C, transferred to a three-roll oil mill, rolled three times, and then poured into a mold and cooled; demolded and dried at room temperature; S4. Spray or apply the solid lubricant obtained in step S3 on a wide surface until the coating completely covers the surface, and dry in the shade or in the sun at room temperature to obtain; Preferably, in step S2, the temperature is raised to 120°C to 130°C; Preferably, in step S3, the specific cooling operation may be any one of the following 1) to 4): 1) Cool naturally to room temperature together with the mold; 2) Put it together with the mold into a -10℃ low temperature box or freezer to cool for 10 to 14 hours; 3) Put it together with the mold into a 0-4℃ refrigerator and cool it for 12-18 hours; 4) Put the mold into normal temperature tap water and cool for 12 to 18 hours; The operation of 2), 3) or 4) is preferred, and the operation of 2) or 3) is more preferred.

11. Use of the solid lubricant according to claim 10 in lubrication of railway vehicle wheel flanges and rail sides; In particular, the solid lubricant of claim 10 is used to lubricate the wheel flange of a railway vehicle and the side of a curved rail when the railway vehicle passes through a curved rail; Also preferably, the solid lubricant according to claim 10 is used as a lubricating block in a wayside wheel-rail solid lubrication device; Preferably, the structure of the wayside wheel-rail solid lubrication device is described in Chinese utility model patent 202420617669.4.

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