Wind prevention and sand fixation method for arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind prevention and sand fixation method for arid and semi-arid regions. A wind prevention and sand fixation method for arid and semi-arid areas comprises the steps that after a high vertical type wind barrier is arranged, large-area straw checks are laid on the inner side of the high vertical type wind barrier, and drought-resistant and salt-alkali-resistant tree species are planted in the straw checks. According to the wind prevention and sand fixation method for the arid and semi-arid areas, through the mode of combining physical prevention and biological prevention, before the physical prevention and treatment means are eroded by wind and sand for a long time and lose the wind prevention and sand fixation effect, planted trees survive and grow up gradually, the wind prevention and sand fixation effect can be achieved, and the wind prevention and sand fixation effect is improved. Therefore, low-cost and long-term wind prevention and sand fixation effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of windbreak and sand fixation, and in particular relates to a windbreak and sand fixation method in arid and semi-arid areas. Background Art

[0002] Desertification refers to the process in which land gradually loses its productivity and eventually turns into a desert-like state under the influence of natural factors and human activities. This phenomenon occurs not only in arid areas, but also in humid areas due to unreasonable land use. Desertification prevention and control is a global environmental issue, which is related to the ecological balance of the earth and the sustainable development of human society. China also has land desertification problems. Among China's desertified land, 176,000 square kilometers of land has been desertified, 158,000 square kilometers of land is potentially at risk of desertification, and 19,000 square kilometers of wind-sand land in humid areas. The population affected by desertification is more than 50 million, and nearly 4 million hectares of dry farmland and 5 million hectares of grassland are affected. Therefore, China is also facing a severe situation of land resource erosion.

[0003] At present, the most commonly used method of sand control is to plant shrubs to solidify the sand and prevent the spread of desertification, and to suppress desertification through various means such as covering part of the surface with vegetation, decomposing wind power, and blocking sand transport. However, the arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang are on the edge of the desert, and there are strong winds and sand all year round, which makes the planted plants easily blown up by the wind and sand or buried by the wind and sand, and the survival rate is very low, resulting in the failure to achieve the effect of wind and sand control. If the common physical control is adopted - laying grass grids, high vertical wind barriers, etc., they will be buried by wind and sand within three to five years under the erosion of wind and sand, and need to be re-laid, which is costly and cannot achieve the effect of long-term wind and sand control. When the gaps at the bottom of the rails in the railway section are filled with sand, the rails lose their elasticity, which may cause derailment during the operation of the train.

[0004] Therefore, public transportation facilities located in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang are easily buried by wind and sand, and an effective wind and sand fixation method is urgently needed. Based on this, the present invention proposes a new wind and sand fixation method in arid and semi-arid areas, which can solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preventing wind and fixing sand in arid and semi-arid areas, which adopts a combination of physical prevention and control and afforestation to ensure that the planted tree species are completely rooted and survive before physical methods such as grass grids lose their wind and sand fixing effects, thereby achieving the purpose of long-term wind and sand fixing in arid and semi-arid areas with perennial wind and sand.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted is:

[0007] A method for preventing wind and fixing sand in arid and semi-arid areas comprises: after setting up a high vertical wind barrier, laying a large area of ​​grass grids inside the high vertical wind barrier, and planting drought-resistant and salt-alkali-resistant tree species in the grass grids.

[0008] Furthermore, at least two groups of high vertical wind barriers are arranged on one side of the grass grid.

[0009] Furthermore, the grass grid is in the shape of strips and / or grids.

[0010] Furthermore, the high vertical wind barrier is paved with checkered grass grids 2 meters in front and behind.

[0011] Furthermore, the height of the grass grid is 20-30 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the two sets of high vertical wind barriers is 30-40m.

[0013] Furthermore, the distance between the large-area grass grid and the nearest high vertical wind barrier on one side is 20-30m.

[0014] Furthermore, the height of the high vertical wind barrier is not less than 1.5m.

[0015] Furthermore, the high vertical wind barrier is in a zigzag shape or a straight line shape.

[0016] Furthermore, the high vertical wind barrier is in a broken line shape.

[0017] Furthermore, the drought-resistant and salt-alkali-resistant tree species are red willow and Haloxylon ammodendron.

[0018] Furthermore, the wind-proof and sand-fixing method is used for wind-proof and sand-fixing of railways or highways in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention combines physical control with biological control. Before the physical control means are eroded by wind and sand for a long time and lose their wind-proof and sand-fixing function, the planted trees have already survived and gradually grown up, and can play a role in wind-proof and sand-fixing, thereby achieving a low-cost, long-term wind-proof and sand-fixing effect, and can be implemented in railways, highways and other places. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high vertical wind barrier;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of Example 2;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of Example 7;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of Example 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to further illustrate the windbreak and sand fixation method for arid and semi-arid areas of the present invention and achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the windbreak and sand fixation method for arid and semi-arid areas proposed by the present invention, its specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and efficacy are described in detail below in combination with the preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0026] The following will further introduce the windbreak and sand fixation method for arid and semi-arid areas of the present invention in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0027] In order to achieve the purpose of long-term windbreak and sand fixation in arid and semi-arid areas, the technical solution of the present invention is proposed. The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0028] A method for preventing wind and fixing sand in arid and semi-arid areas comprises: after setting up a high vertical wind barrier, laying a large area of ​​grass grids inside the high vertical wind barrier, and planting drought-resistant and salt-alkali-resistant tree species in the grass grids.

[0029] The high vertical wind barrier is a sand barrier that blocks sand and wind and reduces wind speed. The grass grid slows down the wind-blown sand through the reed grid. If the grass grid is wetted by rain, it will form a crust to further fix the sand. In addition, if it is buried by sand, it can also stabilize the sand to a certain extent.

[0030] The mechanism of the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the high vertical wind barriers and grass grids play a protective role on the seedlings in the early stage. As time goes by, after the high vertical wind barriers and grass grids are eroded by wind and sand and become ineffective, the plants have grown. Therefore, in the later stage, the plants play a role in preventing wind and fixing sand, thus achieving long-term and effective wind and sand fixing.

[0031] Preferably, at least two groups of high vertical wind barriers are arranged on one side of the grass grid.

[0032] In the above technical solution, at least two groups of high vertical wind barriers are arranged on one side of the grass grid to achieve the effect of reducing wind and sand layer by layer.

[0033] Further preferably, the grass grid is in the shape of strips and / or grids.

[0034] In the above technical solution, based on the arrangement of at least two groups of high vertical wind barriers on one side, the grass grids of a large area can be in the shape of strips or grids, which can improve the survival rate of plants.

[0035] Preferably, the high vertical wind barrier is paved with checkered grass grids 2 meters in front and behind.

[0036] In the technical solution of the present invention, the high vertical wind barrier adopts log posts and reeds, and a log post is set every 3-4m. Iron wires are tied between the log posts, and reed handles or reed curtains are fixed to the wire mesh between the log posts by iron wires to form a barrier. Among them, the log posts play the role of fixing the high vertical wind barrier. With the passage of time, long-term wind erosion reduces the sand and soil at the fixing place of the log posts, gradually forming pits, and the log posts cannot be fixed, so they fall down, and the high vertical wind barrier also falls down, causing the high vertical wind barrier to lose its function.

[0037] In the above technical solution, grass grids are laid 2 meters in front and behind the high vertical wind barrier to prevent the log pillars from being eroded by wind; at the same time, the sand is stabilized to prevent the sand from being blown away. The sand accumulated at the high vertical wind barrier plays a fixing role, thereby extending the service life of the high vertical wind barrier.

[0038] Further preferably, the height of the grass grid is 20-30 cm.

[0039] In the above technical solution, the height of the grass grid is 20-30 cm, ensuring that the grass grid will not be quickly buried by wind and sand.

[0040] Preferably, the height of the high vertical wind barrier is not less than 1.5 m.

[0041] Further preferably, the distance between the two groups of high vertical wind barriers is 30-40m.

[0042] Preferably, the distance between the large-area grass grid and the nearest high vertical wind barrier on one side is 20-30m.

[0043] Preferably, the height of the high vertical wind barrier is not less than 1.5 m.

[0044] Preferably, the high vertical wind barrier is in a zigzag or straight line shape.

[0045] Further preferably, the high vertical wind barrier is in a zigzag shape.

[0046] In the above technical solution, the use of a zigzag high vertical wind barrier can block wind from all directions and improve the fixation of the high vertical wind barrier. The commonly used zigzag shape is a Z shape.

[0047] Preferably, the drought-resistant and salt-alkali-tolerant tree species are red willow and Haloxylon ammodendron.

[0048] Preferably, the wind-proof and sand-fixing method is used for wind-proof and sand-fixing of railways or highways in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0049] Example 1.

[0050] The specific steps are as follows:

[0051] (1) Set up high vertical wind barriers: Set up a log column every 3-4 meters. The log diameter should not be less than 7 cm and the log length should be 2.2 meters. Use machinery to press the log into the soil with a burial depth of 0.7 meters. The part buried in the soil should be treated for corrosion. Iron wires are tied between the log columns with a spacing of 25 cm, for a total of 5 wires. Reed handles or reed curtains are fixed to the wire mesh between the log columns with iron wires to form a barrier. The height of the high vertical wind barrier is not less than 1.5 meters and is in a zigzag or straight line shape.

[0052] (2) A grid of grass is laid 2 meters in front and behind the high vertical windshield. The height of the above-ground part of the grass grid is 20-30 cm.

[0053] The method of laying grass grids is selected according to the actual situation of the site. The method is as follows: ① Foot-stepping type, which has high requirements for sandy land and the height is generally controlled at 30cm. It uses 72.5cm reeds for laying. This method is relatively low in cost. ② Hand-buried grass grids are suitable for trench planting and areas with strong winds, such as saline-alkali land areas, which are suitable for planting hand-buried grass grids. This method is relatively expensive.

[0054] (3) Combination Figure 1 , 2 groups of high vertical wind barriers are on one side, and the distance between the two groups of high vertical wind barriers is 30-40m. Large strips and square-shaped grass grids are laid on the inner side of the high vertical wind barriers, and the distance between the large grass grid and the nearest high vertical wind barrier on one side is 20-30m.

[0055] Drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant tree species are planted in large grass grids, such as red willow and Haloxylon ammodendron.

[0056] Example 2.

[0057] In 2018, this embodiment was implemented on the Geku Railway, and the operating steps were the same as those of Example 1.

[0058] Combination Figure 1-2 , the specific steps are as follows:

[0059] (1) With the railway as the center, a large area of ​​grass grids are laid on both sides. The grass grids are 25-30cm above the ground and the row spacing is about 2-3m.

[0060] The square grass grid is set at the outermost side and inserted between the strip grass grids, which is a non-planting row. Adjacent non-planting strips include multiple rows of strip grass grids, generally 8-10 rows. Drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant tree species are planted in the strip grass grids, which is easier for daily construction and maintenance. Drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant tree species include red willow and Haloxylon ammodendron.

[0061] The distance between the railway and the outermost boundary of the large grass grid (the side close to the high vertical wind barrier) is determined by the size of the wind and sand. The distance is large in places with strong wind and sand and on the windward side, and small in places with weak wind and sand and on the leeward side. In the specific implementation process, the distance on the windward side can reach 200m in places with the largest wind and sand, with 14 rows of non-planting belts on the windward side and 7 rows of non-planting belts on the leeward side; the distance can reach 40m in places with the smallest wind and sand.

[0062] (2) Two sets of high vertical wind barriers are laid on both sides of the large grass grid, and the distance between the high vertical wind barriers closest to one side is 20-30m. The distance between the two sets of high vertical wind barriers is 30-40m. The high vertical wind barriers are Z-shaped, with a height of not less than 1.5m, and generally 1.5-1.6m.

[0063] Set up high vertical wind barriers: set up a log post every 3-4m, tie iron wires between the log posts, and fix reed targets or reed curtains on the wire mesh between the log posts with iron wires to form a barrier.

[0064] (3) 2 meters in front and behind the tall windshield, lay a grid of grass. The height of the above-ground part of the grass grid is 25-30 cm.

[0065] Example 3.

[0066] The operation steps of Example 3 are the same as those of Example 2, except that the high vertical wind barrier is in a straight line.

[0067] Example 4.

[0068] The operation steps of Example 4 are the same as those of Example 2, except that: a set of high vertical wind barriers is laid on the other side of the large grass grid.

[0069] Example 5.

[0070] The operation steps of Example 5 are the same as those of Example 2, except that there is no step (3), that is, no grass grids are laid before and after the high vertical wind barrier.

[0071] Example 6.

[0072] The operation steps of Example 6 are the same as those of Example 2, except that the height of the above-ground part of the grass grid is less than 20 cm.

[0073] Example 7.

[0074] In 2019-2020, this embodiment was implemented on the Hotan-Ruoqiang Railway, and the operating steps were the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0075] Combination Figure 3-4 , the specific steps are as follows:

[0076] (1) With the railway as the center, a large area of ​​grass grids are laid on both sides. The grass grids are 25-30cm above the ground and the grid size is 1m*1m.

[0077] The square grass grid is set at the outermost side and inserted between the strip grass grids, which is a non-planting row. Adjacent non-planting strips include multiple rows of strip grass grids, generally 8-10 rows. Drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant tree species are planted in the strip grass grids, which is easier for daily construction and maintenance. Drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant tree species include red willow and Haloxylon ammodendron.

[0078] The distance between the railway and the boundary of the large grass grid is determined by the intensity of the wind and sand. The distance is larger on the windward side where the wind and sand are strong, and smaller on the leeward side where the wind and sand are weak.

[0079] (2) Two sets of high vertical wind barriers are laid on the other side of the large grass grid. The high vertical wind barriers are Z-shaped and have a height of no less than 1.5m, and are generally 1.5-1.6m.

[0080] Set up high vertical wind barriers: set up a log post every 3-4m, tie iron wires between the log posts, and fix reed targets or reed curtains on the wire mesh between the log posts with iron wires to form a barrier.

[0081] (3) 2 meters in front and behind the tall windshield, lay a grid of grass. The height of the above-ground part of the grass grid is 20-25 cm.

[0082] Example 8.

[0083] Combination Figure 4 , implemented in the Heru Railway, the operating steps of Example 8 are the same as those of Example 7, with the difference that the large area of ​​grass grids on both sides of the railway are divided into two parts, the part close to the high vertical wind barrier is not laid with grass grids, and seedlings are planted directly, and the operation close to the railway is the same as that of Example 8.

[0084] Comparison of Examples 2-8 was performed and the results are shown below.

[0085] Embodiment 2: The survival rate of seedlings is 90-95%, the seedlings grow fast and are not buried; the high vertical wind barrier is not easy to fall over, has strong stability and low maintenance frequency.

[0086] Example 3: The high vertical wind barrier has poor stability, is prone to continuous lodging, and has a high maintenance frequency. On the premise of maintaining the wind and sand blocking function of the high vertical wind barrier, the growth of seedlings is similar to that of Example 2.

[0087] Embodiment 4: The high vertical wind barrier is not easy to fall over and has strong stability, but its wind and sand blocking effect is worse than that of Embodiment 2, and the survival rate of seedlings is 80-85%.

[0088] Example 5: Due to wind erosion, the bottom of the log columns of the high vertical wind barriers is easily hollowed out, so large areas of continuous lodging are very likely to occur. After each wind season, 70-80% of the high vertical wind barriers are lodged, and the stability is worse than that of Example 3. The survival rate of seedlings is 65-75%.

[0089] Example 6: The high vertical wind barrier has a poor sand blocking effect, which causes the seedlings near the high vertical wind barrier to be easily buried by wind and sand, resulting in a slow growth rate of the seedlings, and the survival rate of the seedlings is 60-65%.

[0090] Example 7: The results are the same as in Example 2.

[0091] Example 8: Plants planted outside the grass grid are easily affected by wind and sand, easily buried, and their roots are easily hollowed out, resulting in slow plant growth. The survival rate of seedlings is 55-60%.

[0092] During the project acceptance process, the seedling survival rate is required to reach at least 85%.

[0093] It can be seen that the technical solution of the present invention has the best wind-proof and sand-fixing effect and can meet the acceptance standards.

[0094] (1) By comparing Examples 2 and 3, it can be seen that the Z-shaped high vertical wind barrier is more conducive to blocking the wind and improving the fixation of the high vertical wind barrier.

[0095] (2) By comparing Examples 2 and 4, it can be seen that multiple groups of high vertical wind barriers are more conducive to gradually weakening the wind and sand, achieving a better sand blocking effect, thereby creating an environment that is more conducive to plant growth.

[0096] (3) By comparing Examples 2 and 5, it can be seen that laying grass grids in front and behind the high vertical wind barrier can fix the high vertical wind barrier, thereby extending the service life of the high vertical wind barrier and creating an environment more conducive to plant growth.

[0097] (4) By comparing Examples 2 and 6, it can be seen that the height of the grass grid is too low and is easily buried by wind and sand, thus failing to play its role.

[0098] (5) By comparing Examples 7 and 8, it can be seen that planting plants in grass grids is more conducive to plant growth.

[0099] The tools and materials used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the description in the specification and drawings. The specific usage of each material adopts the mature conventional means in the prior art and is common knowledge in the field.

[0100] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any form of limitation on the embodiment of the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the embodiment of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing wind and fixing sand in arid and semi-arid areas, characterized in that: The wind-proof and sand-fixing method comprises the following steps: after setting up a high vertical wind barrier, laying a large area of ​​grass grids inside the high vertical wind barrier, and planting drought-resistant and salt-alkali-resistant tree species in the grass grids.

2. The windbreak and sand fixation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large-area grass grid is in the shape of strips and / or grids.

3. The wind-proof and sand-fixing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high vertical wind barrier is paved with square grass grids 2 meters in front and behind.

4. The wind-proof and sand-fixing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two groups of high vertical wind barriers are arranged on one side of the large-area grass grid.

5. The method for preventing wind and fixing sand according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The height of the grass grid is 20-30cm.

6. The method for preventing wind and fixing sand according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between the two groups of high vertical wind barriers is 30-40m.

7. The method for preventing wind and fixing sand according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the large-area grass grid and the nearest high vertical wind barrier on one side is 20-30m.

8. The wind-proof and sand-fixing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the high vertical wind barrier is not less than 1.5m.

9. The wind-proof and sand-fixing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high vertical wind barrier is in a folded line shape or a straight line shape.

10. The method for preventing wind and fixing sand according to claim 9, characterized in that: The high vertical wind barrier is in a broken line shape.

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