High-ground-temperature stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a high-ground-temperature stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device and a construction method. The step-by-step excavation device comprises a crushing assembly and a cold contraction gas supply mechanism. The crushing assembly comprises a fixing rod, an outer frame and an isolation plate, the fixing rod is vertically and fixedly installed in the middle of the tunnel face, the outline of the outer frame is half of the outline of the tunnel face, and the side edge of the outer frame is rotationally installed on the fixing rod; the isolation plate is installed in the outer frame and can move relative to the outer frame in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel face, a cold shrinkage gas flowing space is defined by the isolation plate, the outer frame and the tunnel face, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are formed in the isolation plate, and the cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is communicated with the air inlet hole. Static, step-by-step and rapid excavation of the tunnel is achieved by controlling the thermal expansion and cold contraction process of the high-temperature rock mass, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a step-by-step excavation device and a construction method for a high geothermal stratum tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid improvement of infrastructure construction level, underground projects such as tunnels are developing towards higher altitudes, higher ground temperatures and greater burial depths. Some areas are affected by plate movement and regional geothermal activity is abnormally obvious, making high ground temperature an important factor affecting underground engineering construction in the area.

[0003] At present, blasting is the mainstream method of tunnel construction. It is to drill holes and bury explosives to break the rock mass and realize the extension and penetration of the tunnel along the designed direction. However, the use of blasting in high-temperature tunnel construction will face the following problems: First, the blasting power and blasting effect of explosives at high ground temperature are different from those at normal temperature, and the degree of blasting is difficult to accurately control, which is easy to cause the problem of over-excavation and under-excavation of the section; Second, the great disturbance of blasting can easily cause the water channel around the face to penetrate, increasing the risk of high-temperature water gushing on site.

[0004] The emergence of new excavation methods such as hydraulic cutting has greatly solved the above problems faced by traditional blasting excavation, and further enriched the excavation methods of underground projects such as tunnels. Hydraulic cutting first uses hydraulic power to grid-break the entire face, and then performs crushing construction, so it will face the following problems:

[0005] ① The size of the excavation area in underground projects such as tunnels is positively correlated with the safety risks faced. However, the new excavation method faces the problem of overall excavation of the working face. It is impossible to achieve step-by-step crushing-excavation, and it needs to resist the strength of the surrounding rock itself, resulting in the rock being broken by external force, causing fine stone splashing and huge noise, threatening the health and safety of construction workers.

[0006] ② Crushing and excavation construction are carried out independently, and each construction stage occupies an entire working face (head face), which greatly affects the construction efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a step-by-step excavation device and construction method for a tunnel in a high geothermal stratum. By controlling the thermal expansion and contraction process of the high-temperature rock mass, static, step-by-step and rapid excavation of the tunnel can be achieved, so as to improve construction efficiency, ensure construction safety, and reduce resource waste, thereby avoiding the problem of construction personnel working for a long time in a high-temperature environment, reducing the risk of water gushing caused by blasting, and at the same time achieving precise control of tunnel excavation and improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0009] A device for step-by-step excavation of a tunnel in a high geothermal stratum, comprising: a crushing assembly and a cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism; the crushing assembly comprises a fixed rod, an outer frame and an isolation plate, the fixed rod is vertically fixedly installed in the middle of a tunnel face, the outline of the outer frame is half of the outline of the tunnel face, and the side of the outer frame is rotatably installed on the fixed rod; the isolation plate is installed in the outer frame and can move relative to the outer frame in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel face, the isolation plate, the outer frame and the tunnel face form a cold shrinkage gas flow space, the isolation plate is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is connected to the air inlet.

[0010] Optionally, the cold shrinkage gas flow space is of a grid type, and the grid type flow space divides the tunnel face into a plurality of grids.

[0011] Optionally, the outer frame includes an arc frame, a side frame, a longitudinal frame and a transverse frame, the arc frame, the side frame and the bottom transverse frame form a fan shape, and the longitudinal frame is rotatably mounted on the fixing rod.

[0012] Optionally, the arc-shaped frame, the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame all have cavities, the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame have multiple layers in the vertical direction, and the cavity of the longitudinal frame in each layer is connected to the cavities of multiple transverse frames.

[0013] Optionally, the isolation plate includes an arc partition, a longitudinal partition and a transverse partition. The arc partition is installed in the cavity of the arc frame. The transverse partition of each layer and multiple longitudinal partitions are an integrated structure and are correspondingly installed in the cavity connected to the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame of each layer.

[0014] Optionally, an air inlet is provided on the lower side of the arc-shaped partition, and an air outlet is provided on the upper side of the arc-shaped partition; an air inlet is provided on the outer side of each layer of transverse partition, and an air outlet is provided on the upper side of each longitudinal partition.

[0015] Optionally, a group of limiting grooves are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the arc frame, and each group of annular grooves includes a limiting groove of an outer circle and a limiting groove of an inner circle. Limiting pins are provided on the inner and outer sides of the arc partition. A servo motor is also provided on the arc partition, and the servo motor drives the limiting pin to insert or pull out of the limiting groove.

[0016] Optionally, a bearing is installed between the longitudinal frame and the fixing rod.

[0017] Optionally, the cold shrink gas supply mechanism includes a cold shrink gas compressor and a connecting pipe, and the cold shrink gas compressor is connected to the air inlet hole of the isolation plate through the connecting pipe.

[0018] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method for a step-by-step excavation device for a tunnel in a high geothermal stratum as described above, comprising: pushing the excavation device to the tunnel face and fixing it, the excavation device contacting a first area of ​​the face, wherein the first area is half of the face; a shrinkage gas supply mechanism is connected to the air inlet of the isolation plate, the shrinkage gas flows along the flow space and is discharged through the air outlet, and the high-temperature rock mass on the face shrinks after contacting the shrinkage gas and is crushed along the shrinkage gas flow space; the shrinkage gas supply mechanism is removed, the outer frame is rotated 180 degrees along the fixed rod, and the isolation plate is moved to the side of the outer frame away from the face, and the shrinkage gas supply mechanism is installed to crush the second area, and the second area and the first area constitute the entire face; at the same time, the first area is excavated; the above operations are repeated to perform step-by-step crushing-excavation on the face.

[0019] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0020] The excavation device makes full use of the high temperature properties of the high temperature rock mass itself, designs the crushing path in the area to be crushed, and avoids the occurrence of over-excavation and under-excavation of the tunnel and uneven crushing. At the same time, the high temperature rock mass itself is crushed, and there is no need to inject too much energy in the crushing process, which greatly reduces the waste of resources. Moreover, the construction process does not need to resist the strength of the surrounding rock itself, avoiding the splashing of fine stones and huge noise caused by the crushing of rocks due to external forces, improving the construction environment of on-site construction personnel and increasing the safety factor of on-site construction personnel.

[0021] The excavation device uses an outer frame half the size of the face, the rotation of the outer frame and the fixed rod, and the relative movement of the isolation plate and the outer frame to enable the two construction processes of crushing and excavation to be carried out simultaneously on the same working face, greatly improving the construction efficiency and shortening the working time of construction personnel in high-temperature working areas. At the same time, the stress unloading process of a single crushing can be quantitatively controlled, reducing human interference and ensuring the construction safety of the tunnel in high-temperature strata.

[0022] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In addition, the spacing or size between the components is exaggerated to show the positions of the components, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration.

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the excavation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional diagram of a crushing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a front view of a crushing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is a top view of a crushing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a crushing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped partition limit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal partition limit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1. face; 2. first area; 3. crushing assembly; 31. outer frame; 311. arc frame; 312. side frame; 313. longitudinal frame; 314. transverse frame; 315. limiting groove; 32. isolation plate; 321. arc partition; 322. longitudinal partition; 323. transverse partition; 324. air inlet; 325. air outlet; 326. limiting pin; 327. servo motor; 33. fixing rod; 4. connecting pipe; 5. cold shrink gas compressor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a high-temperature stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device, including a crushing assembly 3 and a cold shrink gas supply mechanism; Figure 2 As shown, the crushing assembly 3 includes a fixed rod 33, an outer frame 31 and an isolation plate 32. The fixed rod 33 is vertically fixedly installed in the middle of the tunnel face 1. The outline of the outer frame 31 is half of the outline of the tunnel face 1. The side of the outer frame 31 is rotatably installed on the fixed rod 33. Figure 3 As shown, the isolation plate 32 is installed in the outer frame 31 and can move relative to the outer frame 31 in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel face 1. The isolation plate 32, the outer frame 31 and the tunnel face 1 form a shrinkage gas flow space. An air inlet 324 and an air outlet 325 are provided on the isolation plate 32. The shrinkage gas supply mechanism is connected to the air inlet 324.

[0035] The fixed rod 33 is vertically fixedly installed in the middle position of the tunnel face 1 to ensure the stability of the entire device. The side of the outer frame 31 is connected to the fixed rod 33 by rotation, so that the outer frame 31 can rotate around the fixed rod 33, which is convenient for adjusting the crushing position. The isolation plate 32 is installed in the outer frame 31 and can move relative to the direction perpendicular to the tunnel face 1, so as to adjust the flow space of the cold shrinkage gas as needed. The air inlet 324 and the air outlet 325 on the isolation plate 32 are used to guide the inlet and outlet of the cold shrinkage gas, so as to achieve the cold shrinkage crushing of the high-temperature rock mass. The cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is used to supply high-pressure cold shrinkage gas. The cold shrinkage gas enters the flow space and contacts with the high-temperature rock mass, causing the rock mass to shrink and crush the rock mass along the gas flow direction, which not only improves the crushing accuracy, but also reduces the noise, vibration and personnel safety risks caused by traditional blasting and excavation.

[0036] The shrinkage gas flow space is a grid type, and the grid type flow space divides the tunnel face 1 into a plurality of grids, thereby achieving a more refined and controllable shrinkage gas flow, distributing the shrinkage gas more evenly, and avoiding excessive local damage caused by airflow concentration during the crushing process.

[0037] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the outer frame 31 includes an arc frame 311, a side frame 312, a longitudinal frame 313 and a transverse frame 314. The arc frame 311, the side frame 312 and the bottom transverse frame 314 form a fan shape, and the longitudinal frame 313 is rotatably installed with the fixing rod 33. The fan-shaped structure of the outer frame 31 enables the equipment to better adapt to the contour of the tunnel face 1 during advancement, and by being rotatably installed on the fixing rod 33, flexible flipping and positioning are achieved, thereby improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0038] The arc frame 311, the longitudinal frame 313 and the transverse frame 314 all have cavities, and the longitudinal frame 313 and the transverse frame 314 have multiple layers in the vertical direction, and the cavity of the longitudinal frame 313 in each layer is connected with the cavities of multiple transverse frames 314. The design of the cavity provides space for the flow of the cold shrink gas, so that the cold shrink gas can flow more effectively in the entire device, thereby ensuring that the flow of the cold shrink gas is not hindered, optimizing the airflow path, and improving the use efficiency of the cold shrink gas, so that the equipment can work more stably in a high temperature environment, reducing material consumption and energy waste.

[0039] The isolation plate 32 includes an arc-shaped partition 321, a longitudinal partition 322 and a transverse partition 323. The arc-shaped partition 321 is installed in the cavity of the arc-shaped frame 311. The transverse partition 323 and the plurality of longitudinal partitions 322 of each layer are an integrated structure and are correspondingly installed in the cavity connected by the longitudinal frame 313 and the transverse frame 314 of each layer. An air inlet 324 is arranged on the lower side of the arc-shaped partition 321, and an air outlet 325 is arranged on the upper side of the arc-shaped partition 321; an air inlet 324 is arranged on the outer side of each layer of the transverse partition 323, and an air outlet 325 is arranged on the upper side of each longitudinal partition 322, wherein the total air intake of the air inlet 324 is greater than the total air outlet of the air outlet 325, so as to ensure that the tunnel face 1 is in full contact with the cold shrinkage gas.

[0040] The isolation plate 32 ensures that the shrinkage gas can flow smoothly in the outer frame 31, thereby achieving the purpose of efficient shrinkage crushing. The design of the air inlet 324 and the air outlet 325 allows the shrinkage gas to flow between the isolation plate 32 and the outer frame 31, and the gas distribution is more uniform through different air flow channels, ensuring uniform shrinkage of the rock mass, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel excavation.

[0041] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a group of limiting grooves 315 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the arc frame 311, and each group of annular grooves includes an outer circle limiting groove 315 and an inner circle limiting groove 315. Limiting pins 326 are provided on the inner and outer sides of the arc partition 321. A servo motor 327 is also provided on the arc partition 321. The servo motor 327 drives the limiting pin 326 to insert or pull out the limiting groove 315.

[0042] When the stop pin 326 is extended, it is inserted into the stop groove 315 to fix the arc partition 321, so that the arc partition 321 is fixed in the arc frame 311. When the stop pin 326 is retracted, the arc partition 321 can move in the middle area of ​​the two stop grooves 315 of the arc frame 311. Through the cooperation of the stop pin 326 and the stop grooves 315 on the front and rear sides, the arc partition 321 is fixed at the front and rear positions, so that before and after the outer frame 31 is turned over, sufficient flow space can be formed between the arc partition 321 and the face 1, and the problem of the overall thickness of the outer frame 31 is avoided.

[0043] Correspondingly, such as Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, two groups of limiting grooves 315 are also provided on the front and rear sides of the transverse frame 314 , and limiting pins 326 are also provided on the transverse partition 323 . The two positions of the transverse partition 323 are fixed by the limiting pins 326 and the limiting grooves 315 .

[0044] A bearing is installed between the longitudinal frame 313 and the fixed rod 33 to ensure that when the excavation device is excavating in steps, the position of the crushing assembly 3 can be changed by rotation to meet the excavation requirements of different areas. The bearing reduces the friction during rotation and improves the rotation efficiency.

[0045] The cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism includes a cold shrinkage gas compressor 5 and a connecting pipe 4, and the cold shrinkage gas compressor 5 is connected to the air inlet 324 of the isolation plate 32 through the connecting pipe 4. The cold shrinkage gas compressor 5 provides high-pressure cold shrinkage gas to the air inlet 324 of the excavation device through the connecting pipe 4. The high-temperature rock mass will shrink sharply when it is cooled, causing the rock mass to crack along the flow path of the cold shrinkage gas. This cracking process utilizes the physical principle of thermal expansion and contraction, and does not require traditional mechanical crushing equipment or blasting operations. The high-pressure injection of cold shrinkage gas causes a drastic temperature change on the surface of the rock mass in a short period of time, achieving a crushing effect.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This embodiment provides a construction method of the high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device described in Embodiment 1, comprising:

[0048] The excavation device is manufactured according to the tunnel size, and the outline of the excavation device is half of the tunnel excavation surface. The tunnel face 1 is cleaned and leveled to ensure that the excavation device can be close to the tunnel face 1.

[0049] The excavation device is pushed to the tunnel face 1 and fixed, and the excavation device contacts the first area 2 of the tunnel face 1 , wherein the first area 2 is half of the tunnel face 1 .

[0050] The shrinkage gas supply mechanism is connected to the air inlet 324 of the isolation plate 32, and the shrinkage gas compressor 5 is turned on. The high-pressure shrinkage gas enters the crushing assembly 3 through the connecting pipe 4 and the air inlet 324. The shrinkage gas flows along the flow space and is discharged through the air outlet 325. After the high-temperature rock mass at the face 1 comes into contact with the shrinkage gas, the high-temperature rock mass shrinks rapidly and is crushed along the shrinkage gas flow space.

[0051] After the cold shrinkage gas is discharged from the gas outlet 325 in large quantities, the cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is removed, and the outer frame 31 is rotated 180 degrees along the fixing rod 33 to the unbroken surface of the tunnel face 1. The servo motor 327 retracts the limit pin 326 in the isolation plate 32, and moves the isolation plate 32 to the opposite limit groove 315. The servo motor 327 then extends the limit pin 326 in the isolation plate 32 into the limit groove 315, and moves the isolation plate 32 to the side of the outer frame 31 away from the tunnel face 1. The cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is installed to break the second area. The second area and the first area 2 constitute the entire tunnel face 1; at the same time, the first area 2 is excavated;

[0052] Repeat the above operation to crush and excavate the tunnel face 1 in steps, and gradually realize the step-by-step crushing and excavation of the entire tunnel face 1. The step-by-step operation not only improves the efficiency, but also effectively reduces the impact of the high temperature environment on personnel, and improves the construction safety and accuracy.

[0053] This construction method uses the technical solution of cold shrinkage gas to crush rock mass, which not only avoids the safety risks that may be caused by traditional blasting methods, but also adopts the method of step-by-step crushing and excavation to reduce the risks caused by excessive excavation at one time, and ensures construction safety through precise control of each operation.

[0054] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step-by-step excavation device for a tunnel in a high geothermal stratum, characterized in that: include: Crushing assembly and cold shrink gas supply mechanism; The crushing assembly comprises a fixed rod, an outer frame and an isolation plate, wherein the fixed rod is vertically fixedly installed in the middle of the tunnel face, the outline of the outer frame is half of the outline of the tunnel face, and the side of the outer frame is rotatably installed on the fixed rod; The isolation plate is installed in the outer frame and can move relative to the outer frame in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel face. The isolation plate, the outer frame and the tunnel face form a cold shrinkage gas flow space. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the isolation plate, and the cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is connected to the air inlet.

2. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold shrinkage gas flow space is a grid type, and the grid type flow space divides the tunnel face into a plurality of grids.

3. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer frame comprises an arc frame, a side frame, a longitudinal frame and a transverse frame. The arc frame, the side frame and the bottom transverse frame form a fan shape. The longitudinal frame is rotatably mounted with the fixing rod.

4. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The arc-shaped frame, the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame all have cavities, the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame have multiple layers in the vertical direction, and the cavity of the longitudinal frame in each layer is connected with the cavities of multiple transverse frames.

5. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The isolation plate includes an arc partition, a longitudinal partition and a transverse partition. The arc partition is installed in the cavity of the arc frame. The transverse partition of each layer and multiple longitudinal partitions are an integrated structure and are correspondingly installed in the cavity connected by the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame of each layer.

6. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower side of the arc-shaped partition is provided with an air inlet hole, and the upper side of the arc-shaped partition is provided with an air outlet hole; the outer side of each layer of transverse partition is provided with an air inlet hole, and the upper side of each longitudinal partition is provided with an air outlet hole.

7. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A group of limiting grooves are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the arc frame, and each group of annular grooves includes a limiting groove of an outer circle and a limiting groove of an inner circle. Limiting pins are provided on the inner and outer sides of the arc partition. A servo motor is also provided on the arc partition, and the servo motor drives the limiting pin to insert or pull out of the limiting groove.

8. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A bearing is installed between the longitudinal frame and the fixing rod.

9. The high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold shrink gas supply mechanism comprises a cold shrink gas compressor and a connecting pipe, and the cold shrink gas compressor is connected to the air inlet hole of the isolation plate through the connecting pipe.

10. A construction method for a high geothermal stratum tunnel step-by-step excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Pushing the excavation device to the tunnel face and fixing it, the excavation device is in contact with a first area of ​​the tunnel face, wherein the first area is half of the tunnel face; The cold shrinkage gas supply mechanism is connected to the air inlet of the isolation plate, and the cold shrinkage gas flows along the flow space and is discharged through the air outlet. The high-temperature rock mass on the tunnel face shrinks after contacting the cold shrinkage gas and is broken along the cold shrinkage gas flow space; Remove the cold shrink gas supply mechanism, rotate the outer frame 180 degrees along the fixed rod, move the isolation plate to the side of the outer frame away from the tunnel face, install the cold shrink gas supply mechanism to break the second area, and the second area and the first area constitute the entire tunnel face; at the same time, excavate the first area; Repeat the above operations to crush and excavate the tunnel face in steps.

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