Multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device and support method for rock burst tunnel

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and specifically to a multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-shock device and support method for rock burst tunnels, wherein the multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-shock device for rock burst tunnels comprises a support plate assembly, an energy-absorbing assembly, an anchor assembly, and a fixing member, wherein the support plate assembly contacts the tunnel surrounding rock, the energy-absorbing assembly is connected to the support plate assembly, the energy-absorbing assembly comprises a plurality of mutually connected energy-absorbing columns, and the plurality of energy-absorbing columns are stacked in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the energy-absorbing columns are filled with energy-absorbing material, the anchor assembly passes through the energy-absorbing assembly and the support plate assembly to extend into the tunnel surrounding rock, one end of the anchor assembly away from the energy-absorbing assembly and the support assembly is connected to the fixing member, and the fixing member is in contact with the energy-absorbing assembly. The multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-shock device for rock burst tunnels of the present invention can protect the tunnel surrounding rock from rock burst and improve the stability of the support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to a multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device and a support method for an impact ground pressure tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Rock burst is a common geological phenomenon during mining, particularly in deep mines. It can cause sudden collapses in tunnels, damage equipment, and cause casualties, posing significant risks to production safety.

[0003] Traditional protective measures often rely on a single support material and structure, which is unable to effectively absorb the kinetic energy caused by impacts and has limited protective effects on roadways. Currently used anchoring materials are mostly rigid structures. While they provide some support, they lack a cushioning effect and are prone to failure in the event of a large-scale impact. Therefore, energy-absorbing protection against impact ground pressure is necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels, which can protect the rock burst of the tunnel surrounding rock and improve the stability of the support. The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a support method for the multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels,

[0006] The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0007] A support plate assembly, wherein the support plate assembly is in contact with the surrounding rock of the roadway;

[0008] An energy absorbing assembly connected to the support plate assembly, the energy absorbing assembly comprising a plurality of interconnected energy absorbing columns stacked in a thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the energy absorbing columns are filled with energy absorbing material;

[0009] An anchor rod assembly and a fixing part, the anchor rod assembly passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the support plate assembly to extend into the tunnel surrounding rock, one end of the anchor rod assembly away from the energy absorbing assembly and the support assembly is connected to the fixing part, and the fixing part is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly.

[0010] The multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to the embodiment of the present invention can protect against rock bursts of tunnel surrounding rocks and improve support stability.

[0011] In some embodiments, the energy absorbing material is at least one of foam, rubber, or fine sand.

[0012] In some embodiments, an energy absorbing assembly is provided between the support plate assembly and the surrounding rock.

[0013] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the energy absorbing column in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly is polygonal, the material of the energy absorbing column is concrete, and the wall thickness of the concrete is A, and 0.2m≤A≤0.4m.

[0014] In some embodiments, the support plate assembly includes a plurality of convex plates and supporting components connected in sequence, a groove is formed between adjacent convex plates, a supporting component is provided at one end of the convex plate facing the tunnel surrounding rock, the convex plate protrudes toward the supporting component, one end of the supporting component extends into the groove, and a concrete layer wrapping the supporting component is cast between the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0015] In some embodiments, the supporting component includes a steel mesh, supporting ribs and longitudinal ribs. The number of the supporting ribs is multiple, the number of the longitudinal ribs is multiple, at least one longitudinal rib is arranged in the groove, one end of the supporting rib is connected to the longitudinal rib, and the other end of the supporting rib is connected to the steel mesh.

[0016] In some embodiments, the convex plate includes a first segment, a second segment, a third segment, and a fourth segment, wherein the first segment is connected to one end of the second segment, the other end of the second segment is connected to one end of the third segment, and the other end of the third segment is connected to the fourth segment.

[0017] The third section and the fourth section and the first section of another connected convex plate form a groove, and the anchor rod assembly passes through the second section or the fourth section and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the fourth section is arranged parallel to the first section in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the dimension of the second section in the width direction of the support plate assembly is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section in the width direction.

[0019] The extending direction of the fourth section has a preset angle B with the first section or the third section, and 30°≤B≤90°.

[0020] In some embodiments, the anchor rod assembly includes an anchor rod and a fixed plate sleeved on the anchor rod, the fixing part includes a connecting plate and a buffer plate sleeved on the anchor rod, the connecting plate is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly, the end of the connecting plate away from the energy absorbing assembly is connected to the buffer plate, and the end of the buffer plate away from the connecting plate is in contact with the fixed plate.

[0021] The anchor rod passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting plate assembly and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0022] A method for supporting a multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for a rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0023] After the tunnel is brushed and expanded, the surrounding rock surface is sprayed to ensure the surface is sealed;

[0024] Carry out grouting reinforcement on the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0025] Install a multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-shock device for the rock burst tunnel, such as the multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-shock device for the rock burst tunnel mentioned above, and support the energy absorbing and anti-shock device.

[0026] The multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to the embodiment of the present invention can protect against rock bursts of tunnel surrounding rocks and improve support stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a convex plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a second schematic diagram of a convex plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an energy absorbing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] Roadway surrounding rock 1,

[0034] Support plate assembly 2, convex plate 21, first section 211, second section 212, third section 213, fourth section 214, groove 215,

[0035] Support component 22, steel mesh 221, support rib 222, longitudinal rib 223,

[0036] Energy absorbing component 3, energy absorbing column 31, energy absorbing material 32,

[0037] Anchor rod assembly 4, anchor rod 41, fixing plate 42,

[0038] Fixing member 5, connecting plate 51, buffer plate 52. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0041] A support plate assembly 2, wherein the support plate assembly 2 is in contact with the tunnel surrounding rock 1;

[0042] Energy absorbing assembly 3, the energy absorbing assembly 3 is connected to the support plate assembly 2, the energy absorbing assembly 3 includes a plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 connected to each other, and the plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 are arranged in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly 2 ( Figure 1 The energy absorbing columns 31 are filled with energy absorbing materials 32;

[0043] Anchor rod assembly 4 and fixing part 5, the anchor rod assembly 4 passes through the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the support plate assembly 2 to extend into the tunnel surrounding rock 1, the end of the anchor rod assembly 4 away from the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the support assembly is connected to the fixing part 5, and the fixing part 5 is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly 3.

[0044] The multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels according to the embodiment of the present invention can protect the rock burst of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 and improve the stability of the support.

[0045] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, after the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is brushed and expanded, the surrounding rock is sprayed to cover the gaps in the surrounding rock.

[0046] The support plate assembly 2 contacts the surrounding rock to provide support. Simultaneously, another section of the support plate assembly 2 contacts the energy absorbing assembly 3 to transfer impacts from the surrounding rock to the energy absorbing assembly 3. The anchor rod assembly 4 is a conventional anchor rod 41. The anchor rod assembly 4 extends in a forward-backward direction, with the front end of the anchor rod assembly 4 extending into the tunnel surrounding rock 1 for anchoring. The rear ends of the anchor rod assembly 4 and the energy absorbing assembly 3 are connected to support equipment within the tunnel to support and install the energy absorbing and impact-preventing device. The support equipment within the tunnel can be a shed-type bracket.

[0047] The energy-absorbing column 31 extends in the up-down direction, and multiple energy-absorbing columns 31 are connected in the front-to-back direction and stacked. The energy-absorbing column 31 can be a hollow tube, and the energy-absorbing column 31 is filled with energy-absorbing material 32 to buffer the impact or deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to reduce or absorb the propagation of dynamic load stress waves to the tunnel, that is, reduce the impact of impact ground pressure on the tunnel support equipment and improve the stability of the tunnel support.

[0048] At the same time, the stacking arrangement of the energy-absorbing columns 31 in the front-to-back direction can reduce the impact force of the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 to absorb and buffer the energy, thereby improving the stability and safety of the existing support equipment in the tunnel.

[0049] The multi-layer energy absorbing and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnels of an embodiment of the present invention can protect against rock bursts of tunnel surrounding rock 1 and improve the stability of support by providing a plurality of energy absorbing columns 31 stacked in the front-to-back direction, wherein the energy absorbing columns 31 are filled with energy absorbing materials 32.

[0050] In some embodiments, the energy absorbing material 32 is at least one of foam, rubber, or fine sand.

[0051] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, for example, foam materials are lightweight and porous. When impacted, foam materials can absorb large amounts of energy through their internal pore structure and convert this energy into deformation of the foam material. Furthermore, foam materials are lightweight, making them easy to transport and install. Rubber materials can absorb large amounts of energy through elastic deformation due to their internal molecular chain structure when impacted. Fine sand, as a granular material, has an energy absorption mechanism that differs from foam and rubber. When impacted, fine sand particles rub and squeeze against each other, converting the impact energy into heat, sound, and other forms of energy. Furthermore, the procurement cost of fine sand can reduce support costs. Energy-absorbing material 32 should be selected based on specific project requirements and conditions. For example, in applications requiring heavy impact loads, foam or rubber materials with high energy absorption capacity can be selected, while in more cost-sensitive applications, economical and readily available fine sand may be chosen. Furthermore, multiple energy-absorbing materials 32 can be combined to leverage their respective strengths and enhance overall energy absorption.

[0052] In some embodiments, an energy-absorbing assembly 3 is provided between the support plate assembly 2 and the surrounding rock. This acts as a buffer layer. This buffer layer mitigates direct impacts from the surrounding rock on the support plate assembly 2, reducing stress concentration within the support structure. Energy-absorbing columns 31 absorb and disperse impact energy from the surrounding rock, helping to reduce deformation and damage to the support plate assembly 2 and extend its service life.

[0053] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the energy absorbing column 31 in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly 2 is polygonal, the material of the energy absorbing column 31 is concrete, and the wall thickness of the concrete is A, and 0.2m≤A≤0.4m.

[0054] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5As shown, polygonal cross-sections are more resistant to deformation and impact from all directions than circular or other shapes, thereby improving the overall stability of the support structure. For example, polygons include quadrilaterals and hexagons. For example, a regular hexagon can be understood as a honeycomb. The honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing columns 31 can effectively disperse and resist stress when subjected to external forces. This structure maintains good integrity during impact, thereby absorbing more energy and improving energy absorption efficiency.

[0055] The honeycomb structure deforms progressively when impacted, a pattern that helps absorb and disperse energy. Furthermore, the energy absorption performance can be further optimized by adjusting the size, shape, and arrangement of the honeycomb cells.

[0056] The honeycomb structure will undergo gradual deformation when impacted, which helps to gradually absorb and disperse energy. The wall thickness A is set to between 0.2m and 0.4m. When the wall thickness A is within this range, the concrete energy-absorbing column 31 can withstand greater pressure from the surrounding rock and maintain the stability of the support structure. Appropriate wall thickness can ensure that the energy-absorbing column 31 can effectively absorb and disperse energy when impacted, reducing the risk of damage to the support plate assembly 2 and the surrounding rock. On the premise of meeting the bearing capacity and energy absorption effect, selecting an appropriate wall thickness can reduce material costs and improve the economy of the support structure.

[0057] In some embodiments, the support plate assembly 2 includes a plurality of convex plates 21 and support components 22 connected in sequence, a groove 215 is formed between adjacent convex plates 21, and a support component 22 is provided at one end of the convex plate 21 facing the tunnel surrounding rock 1. The convex plate 21 protrudes toward the direction of the support component 22, and one end of the support component 22 extends into the groove 215, and a concrete layer wrapping the support component 22 is cast between the tunnel surrounding rock 1 and the convex plate 21.

[0058] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5As shown, the convex plate 21 extends in the left and right directions, and the convex plate 21 is connected end to end in the up and down directions. The cross-sectional shape of the convex plate 21 in the reverse up and down directions can be W-shaped, and the convex plate 21 has a groove 215 in the front to install the support component 22. There is a preset gap between the support component 22 and the convex plate 21, and a concrete layer is poured on the convex plate 21 to cover the support component 22 to improve the overall bearing capacity. The material of the convex plate 21 can be metal, and then when the impact ground pressure hits the concrete layer, the convex plate 21 can absorb energy through plastic deformation, and also play a bearing and limiting role on the concrete layer, avoiding the concrete layer from undergoing large deformation under the impact ground pressure so that the entire concrete layer will have large cracks and collapse, that is, when the concrete layer is impacted, the plastic deformation of the convex plate 21 is used to absorb energy to reduce the impact force on the concrete layer, thereby improving the stability of the concrete layer in use.

[0059] In some embodiments, the supporting component 22 includes a steel mesh 221, supporting ribs 222 and longitudinal ribs 223. The number of the supporting ribs 222 is multiple, the number of the longitudinal ribs 223 is multiple, at least one longitudinal rib 223 is arranged in the groove 215, one end of the supporting rib 222 is connected to the longitudinal rib 223, and the other end of the supporting rib 222 is connected to the steel mesh 221.

[0060] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the steel mesh 221 is arranged at the front end of the convex plate 21, and there is a preset gap between the steel mesh 221 and the convex plate 21. The front end of the convex plate 21 is arranged in the groove 215 to install the longitudinal reinforcement 223. The longitudinal reinforcement 223 extends in the left and right directions. The longitudinal reinforcement 223 is connected to the rear end of the support reinforcement 222. The front end of the support reinforcement 222 is connected to the steel mesh 221. Concrete is poured or filled on the convex plate 21 to wrap the steel mesh 221, the support reinforcement 222 and the longitudinal reinforcement 223 together.

[0061] Placing steel bars within concrete can enhance its structural strength. The addition of steel increases the concrete's tensile strength, allowing it to withstand certain deformations, thus making it less susceptible to fracture when subjected to tensile forces. Steel bars, with their high strength and good ductility, can withstand the tensile forces exerted on concrete, thereby enhancing the overall strength and stability of the concrete structure.

[0062] At the same time, when concrete is subjected to external forces, it is prone to cracking without the reinforcement of steel bars. However, the reinforcement of steel bars can reduce the formation of cracks and make the concrete structure stronger. The mesh-like distribution of steel bars and their close connection with the concrete enable the concrete structure to better disperse stress when subjected to external forces, preventing localized excessive stress and cracking. Furthermore, the concrete envelops the steel bars, preventing air from contacting them and extending their service life.

[0063] Rebar and concrete work together to form an integrated concrete structure. This connection makes the concrete structure more stable, making it less susceptible to tilting or displacement. Furthermore, the rebar provides support within the concrete, increasing the overall rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the concrete structure.

[0064] In some embodiments, the convex plate 21 includes a first section 211, a second section 212, a third section 213 and a fourth section 214, wherein the first section 211 is connected to one end of the second section 212, the other end of the second section 212 is connected to one end of the third section 213, and the other end of the third section 213 is connected to the fourth section 214.

[0065] The third section 213 and the fourth section 214 and the first section 211 on the other connected convex plate 21 form a groove 215 , and the anchor assembly 4 passes through the second section 212 or the fourth section 214 and is connected to the tunnel surrounding rock 1 .

[0066] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the first section 211, the second section 212, the third section 213 and the fourth section 214 all extend in the up-down direction, the second section 212 and the fourth section 214 are arranged in parallel in the front-to-back direction, and the third section 213 and the fourth section 214 are arranged in the front-to-back direction.

[0067] By setting the convex plate 21, when the impact pressure hits, the convex part of the convex plate 21 is closer to the tunnel surrounding rock 1 in the front-to-back direction than other parts, and then the convex part of the convex plate 21 is deformed first, that is, the second section 212 is deformed first, followed by the first section 211 and the third section 213, and then the fourth section 214 is deformed, that is, progressive deformation, thereby absorbing more impact energy.

[0068] In some embodiments, the fourth section 214 is arranged parallel to the first section 211 in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly 2, and the dimension of the second section 212 in the width direction of the support plate assembly 2 is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section 214 in the width direction.

[0069] The extending direction of the fourth section 214 forms a preset angle B with the first section 211 or the third section 213 , and 30°≤B≤90°.

[0070] The fourth section 214 is arranged parallel to the first section 211 in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly 2, and the dimension of the second section 212 in the width direction of the support plate assembly 2 is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section 214 in the width direction.

[0071] The extending direction of the fourth section 214 forms a preset angle B with the first section 211 or the third section 213 , and 30°≤B≤90°.

[0072] The second section 212 has a smaller vertical dimension than the fourth section 214. Meanwhile, the first section 211 and the third section 213 have the same vertical dimension and are larger than the second section 212. However, the first section 211 has a smaller vertical dimension than the fourth section 214. Consequently, during progressive deformation, the energy absorbed by the fourth section 214 is greater than that absorbed by the first and third sections 211, 213. Similarly, the energy absorbed by the first and third sections 211, 213 is greater than that absorbed by the second section 212. This achieves multi-stage energy absorption, gradually reducing the energy during impact.

[0073] And 30°≤B≤90°, B can be 30°, 40°, 50°, 55°, 70°, 71.57°, 75°, 85°, 90°, and different convex plates 21 can be used according to the estimated impact force of the surrounding rock impact ground pressure. For example, when the impact force is weak, 30° can be used. Since the dimensions of the first section 211 and the second section 212 in the up and down directions remain unchanged, the dimensions of the overall convex plate 21 in the up and down directions are reduced to reduce manufacturing costs. When the impact force is strong, 90° or 71.57° can be used. Since the angle increases, the dimensions of the first section 211 and the second section 212 in the front and back directions increase, and thus can withstand more deformation and absorb more impact force.

[0074] Furthermore, the first section 211, the second section 212 and the third section 213 form a limiting groove, and the energy absorbing component has a protrusion that matches the limiting groove on the side facing the convex plate 21, and the protrusion extends into the limiting groove, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the energy absorbing component 3 and the convex plate 21.

[0075] In some embodiments, the anchor rod assembly 4 includes an anchor rod 41 and a fixed plate 42 sleeved on the anchor rod 41, and the fixing part 5 includes a connecting plate 51 and a buffer plate 52 sleeved on the anchor rod 41, the connecting plate 51 is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly 3, the end of the connecting plate 51 away from the energy absorbing assembly 3 is connected to the buffer plate 52, the end of the buffer plate 52 away from the connecting plate 51 is in contact with the fixed plate 42, and the anchor rod 41 passes through the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the support plate assembly 2 and is connected to the tunnel surrounding rock 1.

[0076] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5As shown, the anchor assembly 4 extends in the front-to-back direction, with the front end of the anchor assembly 4 extending into the surrounding rock for anchoring. The rear end of the anchor assembly 4 is arranged at the rear end of the energy absorbing assembly 3 to fix the energy absorbing assembly 3 and the support plate assembly 2. Another energy absorbing assembly 3 can be arranged between the support plate assembly 2 and the surrounding rock to improve the energy absorption effect.

[0077] The material of the buffer plate 52 can be the energy absorbing material 32 or existing buffer material, so as to buffer and absorb the tunnel deformation impact force transmitted from the anchor rod 41 .

[0078] The connecting plate 51 and the buffer plate 52 are sleeved on the anchor rod 41, and the buffer plate 52 is in contact with the fixed plate 42 on the anchor rod 41. At the same time, the front end of the buffer plate 52 is connected to the rear end of the connecting plate 51, and the front end of the connecting plate 51 is connected to the energy absorbing component. The front end surface of the connecting plate 51 serves as the contact surface with the energy absorbing component 3 and is tightly connected to the energy absorbing component 3 to ensure effective energy transmission. The rear end surface of the connecting plate 51 is connected to the buffer plate 52. This design allows the deformation impact force transmitted from the tunnel surrounding rock 1 to be transmitted to the buffer plate 52 through the connecting plate 51 for dispersion and buffering. Avoid direct contact between the suction cup and the energy absorbing component to cause stress concentration.

[0079] The connecting plate 51 and the buffer plate 52 can be circular or annular in shape. This eliminates the need for the entire rear end surface of the energy absorbing assembly 3 to contact the connecting plate 51, thereby reducing manufacturing costs while ensuring energy absorption effectiveness. Specifically, multiple fixing members 5 are arranged in a matrix on the rear end surface of the energy absorbing assembly 3, reducing the number of fixing members 5 used. This eliminates the need for fixing members 5 that integrally fit the rear end surface of the energy absorbing assembly 3, allowing for smaller fixing members 5 and reducing production costs.

[0080] The multi-layer energy-absorbing and impact-proof device for rock burst tunnels of the embodiment of the present invention improves the absorption capacity of impact energy and enhances the safety of the tunnel by setting up a multi-layer energy-absorbing design of energy-absorbing columns 31. The stability of the overall structure is enhanced by setting up anchor rod assemblies 4 and fixings 5. The support plate adopts the design of W-shaped metal plates to effectively reduce the transmission of dynamic load stress waves and protect the tunnel structure. The use of energy-absorbing materials 32 filled in the energy-absorbing columns 31 further enhances the protective effect and reduces the impact of the impact on the tunnel. It can protect the rock burst of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 and improve the stability of the support.

[0081] Furthermore, there may be multiple anchor rod assemblies 4, and the multiple anchor rod assemblies 4 are connected to the fixing members 5 in a corresponding manner to improve the stability of the anchoring.

[0082] A method for supporting a multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for a rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0083] After the tunnel is brushed and expanded, the surrounding rock surface is sprayed to ensure the surface is sealed;

[0084] Carry out grouting reinforcement on the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0085] Install a multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for the rock burst tunnel, such as the multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device for the rock burst tunnel mentioned above, and support the energy-absorbing and anti-impact device.

[0086] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5 As shown, after the tunnel wall is brushed and the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is sprayed, the actual situation of the tunnel surrounding rock 1, for example, the material and structural strength of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 are determined. When the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is a seamless and stable supporting structure, there is no need to grout the tunnel. When there are gaps in the tunnel surrounding rock 1 structure, or the structural strength of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 is lower than the preset safety range, the shallow tunnel surrounding rock is grouting reinforced. Then, a multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for the rock burst tunnel is installed, and a scaffolding support for the energy absorption device is carried out in the tunnel to install the energy absorption device.

[0087] The support method for a multi-layer energy-absorbing and impact-proof device for a rock burst tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention improves the absorption capacity of impact energy and enhances the safety of the tunnel by providing an energy-absorbing design of multiple layers of energy-absorbing columns 31. The stability of the overall structure is enhanced by providing an anchor assembly 4 and a fixing 5. The support plate adopts a W-shaped metal plate design to effectively reduce the transmission of dynamic load stress waves and protect the tunnel structure. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "extension", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0088] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0089] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0090] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0091] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0092] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel, characterized in that: include: A support plate assembly, wherein the support plate assembly is in contact with the surrounding rock of the roadway; An energy absorbing assembly connected to the support plate assembly, the energy absorbing assembly comprising a plurality of interconnected energy absorbing columns stacked in a thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the energy absorbing columns are filled with energy absorbing material; An anchor rod assembly and a fixing member, wherein the anchor rod assembly passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the support plate assembly to extend into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, one end of the anchor rod assembly away from the energy absorbing assembly and the support assembly is connected to the fixing member, and the fixing member is in contact with the energy absorbing assembly; The support plate assembly includes a plurality of convex plates and support components connected in sequence, a groove is formed between adjacent convex plates, a support component is provided at one end of the convex plate facing the tunnel surrounding rock, the convex plate protrudes toward the support component, one end of the support component extends into the groove, and a concrete layer wrapping the support component is cast between the tunnel surrounding rock and the convex plate; the support component includes a steel mesh, supporting bars and longitudinal bars, the number of the supporting bars is multiple, the number of the longitudinal bars is multiple, at least one longitudinal bar is arranged in the groove, one end of the supporting bar is connected to the longitudinal bar, and the other end of the supporting bar is connected to the steel mesh.

2. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy absorbing material is at least one of foam, rubber or fine sand.

3. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: An energy absorbing component is provided between the support plate component and the surrounding rock.

4. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross section of the energy absorbing column in the thickness direction of the supporting plate assembly is polygonal. The material of the energy absorbing column is concrete, and the wall thickness of the concrete is A, and 0.2m≤A≤0.4m.

5. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The convex plate includes a first section, a second section, a third section and a fourth section, wherein the first section is connected to one end of the second section, the other end of the second section is connected to one end of the third section, and the other end of the third section is connected to the fourth section. The third section and the fourth section and the first section of another connected convex plate form a groove, and the anchor rod assembly passes through the second section or the fourth section and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

6. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fourth section is arranged parallel to the first section in the thickness direction of the support plate assembly, and the dimension of the second section in the width direction of the support plate assembly is smaller than the dimension of the fourth section in the width direction. The extending direction of the fourth section has a preset angle B with the first section or the third section, and 30°≤B≤90°.

7. The multi-layer energy absorption and anti-impact device for rock burst tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anchor rod assembly includes an anchor rod and a fixing plate sleeved on the anchor rod, the fixing member includes a connecting plate and a buffer plate sleeved on the anchor rod, the connecting plate contacts the energy absorbing assembly, one end of the connecting plate away from the energy absorbing assembly is connected to the buffer plate, and one end of the buffer plate away from the connecting plate contacts the fixing plate. The anchor rod passes through the energy absorbing assembly and the supporting plate assembly and is connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

8. A method for supporting a multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-impact device in a rock burst tunnel, characterized in that: include: After the tunnel is brushed and expanded, the surrounding rock surface is sprayed to ensure the surface is sealed; Carry out grouting reinforcement on the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel; A multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-shock device for rock burst tunnel is installed, wherein the multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-shock device for rock burst tunnel is the multi-layer energy-absorbing and anti-shock device for rock burst tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the energy-absorbing and anti-shock device is supported.

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