Ventilation and dust removal method and system for drilling and blasting method tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention provides a ventilation and dust removal method and system for tunnel construction through a drilling and blasting method, and the method comprises the steps: building a ventilation and dust removal system in a construction tunnel when the tunnel is constructed through the drilling and blasting method, and obtaining the actual smoke dust concentration in each region of the construction tunnel in real time through the ventilation and dust removal system in the construction process of the tunnel, according to the actual smoke dust concentration, the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system in each corresponding area is adjusted, so that real-time adjustment of the ventilation and dust removal system according to the smoke dust condition is achieved, and the situation that in the prior art, in drilling and blasting method tunnel construction, smoke dust is eliminated mainly through a large amount of spraying water flow, and the construction efficiency is improved is avoided. The technical problems that in the prior art, smoke dust cannot be rapidly adjusted according to the actual situation of the smoke dust, water resources are wasted, a large amount of water flows and accumulates in a tunnel, and follow-up construction in the tunnel is affected are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a ventilation and dust removal method and system for tunnel construction using a drill and blast method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground. They are a form of human use of underground space. As an important transportation and infrastructure engineering structure, they are of great significance in shortening transportation distances, improving transportation efficiency and safety, protecting the ecological environment, promoting regional economic development, and enhancing national defense and emergency response capabilities. In the process of tunnel construction, the drilling and blasting method is a construction method that combines drilling and blasting technology. Due to its advantages of fast construction speed, low cost, and strong adaptability, it has been widely used in tunnel construction.

[0003] However, when the drilling and blasting method is used to construct a tunnel, a large amount of smoke and dust will inevitably be generated. Since the tunnel is a semi-enclosed cavity, its ventilation effect is poor, and the smoke and dust are difficult to be discharged quickly in the tunnel. In the existing tunnel construction process, when dust is removed in the tunnel, a large amount of spraying water is generally used to eliminate the smoke and dust. During use, it is impossible to quickly adjust according to the actual situation of the smoke and dust, which will not only cause a waste of water resources, but also cause a large amount of water to flow in the tunnel, affecting the technical problem of subsequent construction in the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problem in the background technology that in the existing drill and blast tunnel construction, smoke and dust are mainly eliminated by spraying a large amount of water, which cannot be quickly adjusted according to the actual situation of the smoke and dust, which not only causes a waste of water resources, but also causes a large amount of water to flow in the tunnel, affecting the subsequent construction in the tunnel, the present invention provides a ventilation and dust removal method and system for drill and blast tunnel construction.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using a drill and blast method, comprising:

[0007] S1: Building a ventilation and dust removal system in the construction tunnel according to the tunnel construction progress, so that the ventilation and dust removal system extends from the outside of the tunnel to the existing tunnel face of the construction tunnel, and the construction tunnel is divided into multiple areas;

[0008] S2: During the tunnel construction process, the actual smoke concentration in each area is obtained in real time;

[0009] S3: According to the actual smoke concentration in each area obtained in real time, adjust the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area;

[0010] S4: After completing the construction at the existing tunnel face, extend the ventilation and dust removal system so that the ventilation and dust removal system is close to the newly formed tunnel face again;

[0011] S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 until the tunnel construction is completed.

[0012] Optionally, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0013] S2.1: During the tunnel construction process, real-time images and direct smoke concentration in each area are obtained;

[0014] S2.2: According to the images in each area, the smoke concentration in each area is obtained by real-time analysis;

[0015] S2.3: According to the image smoke concentration and direct smoke concentration in each area, the actual smoke concentration in each area is obtained in real time.

[0016] Optionally, the step S2.2 specifically includes:

[0017] S2.2.1: Preprocess the images collected in real time in each area to obtain high-quality images;

[0018] S2.2.3: Analyze the color space of pixels in the high-quality image and obtain the number of smoke pixels in the high-quality image in real time;

[0019] S2.2.3: Obtain standard image data and combine it with the number of smoke pixels to obtain the image smoke concentration in real time.

[0020] Optionally, in step S2.2.3, the acquired standard image data includes: the number of pixels in the standard image, and the smoke concentration in the standard image.

[0021] Optionally, the formula for obtaining the smoke concentration of the image in step S2.2.3 is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, A M is the number of smoke pixels in the high-quality image, B M is the number of pixels in the standard image, C S is the smoke concentration of the standard image, C A The smoke concentration of the image is obtained in real time.

[0024] Optionally, in step S2.3, an average value of the image smoke concentration and the direct smoke concentration in each area is taken as the real-time actual smoke concentration in each area.

[0025] Optionally, the step S3 specifically includes: adjusting the spraying water volume, spraying swing frequency and spraying swing angle of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area according to the real-time actual smoke concentration in each area;

[0026] Among them, the corresponding relationship between the spray water volume, spray swing frequency and spray swing range in each area of ​​the ventilation and dust removal system is:

[0027]

[0028] The ventilation and dust removal system is adjusted according to the above corresponding relationship.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using a drill and blast method, which is used in any of the ventilation and dust removal methods described above, wherein the ventilation and dust removal system comprises: a central control unit, a ventilation and dust removal unit, and a detection unit;

[0030] One end of the ventilation and dust removal unit is arranged outside the construction tunnel, and the other end extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing tunnel face;

[0031] There are multiple detection units, and the multiple detection units are arranged in various areas in the construction tunnel along the ventilation and dust removal unit; the detection units are used to detect smoke and dust data in each area in real time, and output the smoke and dust data to the central control unit;

[0032] The central control unit is electrically connected to the ventilation and dust removal unit and the detection unit; the central control unit is used to analyze and obtain the actual smoke concentration in each area based on the smoke data of each area, and to adjust the working state of the ventilation and dust removal unit in each area in real time according to the actual smoke concentration in each area.

[0033] Optionally, each of the detection units includes a high-definition camera assembly and a dust sensor, and the high-definition camera assembly and the dust sensor are electrically connected to the central control unit;

[0034] The high-definition camera assembly is used to obtain images of the area in which it is located in real time during the tunnel construction process, and transmit the images to the central control unit;

[0035] The dust sensor is used to obtain the direct smoke dust concentration in the area where it is located in real time during the tunnel construction process, and transmit the direct smoke dust concentration to the central control unit.

[0036] Optionally, the ventilation and dust removal unit includes a ventilation component and a spray dust removal component;

[0037] The ventilation assembly includes an air duct, a fan and a filter. One end of the air duct extends out of the construction tunnel, and the other end of the air duct extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing tunnel face. The fan is arranged in the air duct. The filter is arranged on one end of the air duct close to the existing tunnel face.

[0038] The spray dust removal assembly includes a water storage device, a water pump, a water pipe and a plurality of rotating spray heads; the water storage device and the water pump are arranged outside the construction tunnel, and the water pump is connected to the water storage device; one end of the water pipe is connected to the water pump, and the other end extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing face; the plurality of rotating spray heads are arranged on the delivery pipe, and are respectively located in various areas of the construction tunnel, and each of the rotating spray heads is electrically connected to the central control unit.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] The present invention provides a ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using the drilling and blasting method. When the tunnel is constructed using the drilling and blasting method, a ventilation and dust removal system is first built in the construction tunnel. During the construction of the tunnel, the ventilation and dust removal system is used to obtain the actual smoke concentration in each area of ​​the construction tunnel in real time. According to the actual smoke concentration, the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system in each corresponding area is adjusted, thereby achieving real-time adjustment of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area according to the smoke situation, thereby avoiding the problem in the prior art that, in the tunnel construction using the drilling and blasting method, smoke is mainly eliminated by spraying a large amount of water flow, and rapid adjustment cannot be performed according to the actual smoke situation, which not only causes a waste of water resources, but also causes a large amount of water flow to flow in the tunnel, affecting the technical problem of subsequent construction in the tunnel.

[0041] At the same time, the present invention also provides a ventilation and dust removal system for drilling and blasting tunnel construction. Through the detection unit and the central control unit, the actual smoke concentration in each area in the construction tunnel is analyzed and obtained, and the working state of the ventilation and dust removal unit is adjusted according to the actual smoke concentration in each area, so that the ventilation and dust removal effects of the ventilation and dust removal unit match the actual smoke concentration, thereby avoiding the technical problem in the prior art that, in the drilling and blasting tunnel construction, smoke is mainly eliminated by spraying a large amount of water flow, and it is impossible to quickly adjust according to the actual situation of the smoke, which not only causes a waste of water resources, but also causes a large amount of water to flow in the tunnel, affecting the subsequent construction in the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ventilation and dust removal method used in the tunnel construction by the drill and blast method in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2is a schematic diagram of a ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using a drill and blast method according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a further schematic diagram of the ventilation and dust removal system used for tunnel construction using the drill and blast method in the present invention.

[0045] Among them: 1. Central control unit; 2. Ventilation and dust removal unit; 21. Ventilation component; 22. Spray dust removal component; 3. Detection unit; 31. High-definition camera component; 32. Dust sensor; 4. Construction tunnel; 41. Work face; 5. Lining trolley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0048] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0050] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0051] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] See also Figure 1 , showing a schematic diagram of a ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using a drill and blast method described in the present application, comprising:

[0055] S1: Building a ventilation and dust removal system in the construction tunnel according to the tunnel construction progress, so that the ventilation and dust removal system extends from the outside of the tunnel to the existing tunnel face of the construction tunnel, and the construction tunnel is divided into multiple areas;

[0056] S2: During the tunnel construction process, the actual smoke concentration in each area is obtained in real time.

[0057] Optionally, in step S2, it specifically includes:

[0058] S2.1: During the tunnel construction process, real-time images and direct smoke concentration in each area are obtained;

[0059] S2.2: According to the images in each area, the smoke concentration in each area is obtained by real-time analysis;

[0060] S2.3: According to the image smoke concentration and direct smoke concentration in each area, the actual smoke concentration in each area is obtained in real time.

[0061] Furthermore, direct smoke concentration can be obtained through a dust sensor.

[0062] Optionally, step S2.2 includes:

[0063] S2.2.1: Preprocess the images collected in real time in each area to obtain high-quality images;

[0064] S2.2.3: Analyze the color space of pixels in the high-quality image and obtain the number of smoke pixels in the high-quality image in real time;

[0065] S2.2.3: Obtain standard image data and combine it with the number of smoke pixels to obtain the image smoke concentration in real time.

[0066] Specifically, the preprocessing of the real-time collected images may include: denoising, enhancing and other processing processes on the collected images. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may select specific preprocessing steps and methods according to actual usage requirements.

[0067] Furthermore, the image can be processed through model training and other methods.

[0068] Optionally, in step S2.2.3, the acquired standard image data includes: the number of pixels in the standard image, and the smoke concentration in the standard image.

[0069] Optionally, the formula for obtaining the smoke concentration of the image in step S2.2.3 is:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, A M is the number of smoke pixels in the high-quality image, B M is the number of pixels in the standard image, C S is the smoke concentration of the standard image, C A The smoke concentration of the image is obtained in real time.

[0072] Specifically, in step S2.2.3, since the color of smoke is generally gray, light gray, white or bluish, etc., the color space corresponding to different smoke colors is:

[0073] Gray smoke: H: 0-180, S: 0-50, V: 150-255;

[0074] Light gray / white smoke: H: 0-180; S: 0-50; V: 200-255;

[0075] Blue smoke: H: 90-130; S: 50-255; V: 100-255;

[0076] In this embodiment, according to the color space corresponding to dust of different colors, the number of pixels corresponding to the smoke color in the high-quality image is counted to obtain the image smoke concentration, that is, in this embodiment, the corresponding smoke concentration is identified according to the features corresponding to the smoke color space.

[0077] Optionally, in step S2.3, an average value of the image smoke concentration and the direct smoke concentration in each area is taken as the real-time actual smoke concentration in each area.

[0078] In this embodiment, the average value of the image smoke concentration and the direct smoke concentration in each area is taken as the real-time actual smoke concentration in each area. The direct smoke concentration obtained by the smoke sensor and the image smoke concentration obtained by analysis are combined to obtain a more accurate actual smoke concentration, and the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system is adjusted according to the actual smoke concentration.

[0079] S3: According to the actual smoke concentration in each area obtained in real time, the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area is adjusted.

[0080] Optionally, step S3 specifically includes: adjusting the spraying water volume and the spraying swing range of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area according to the real-time actual smoke concentration in each area.

[0081] In this embodiment, the spray water volume, spray swing frequency and spray swing range of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area can be adjusted accordingly according to the actual smoke concentration obtained in step S2, so that the ventilation and dust removal system in the corresponding area can be reasonably adjusted according to the actual smoke concentration, avoiding excessive spray water flow in the construction tunnel, which not only wastes water resources but also causes inconvenience in construction.

[0082] Specifically, the corresponding relationship between the spray water volume, the spray swing frequency and the spray swing range in each area is shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1

[0084]

[0085] S4: After completing the construction at the existing tunnel face, extend the ventilation and dust removal system so that the ventilation and dust removal system is again close to the newly formed tunnel face.

[0086] In this embodiment, after the construction of a section of the tunnel is completed, the smoke ventilation and dust removal system is moved close to the newly formed tunnel face again to continue the ventilation and dust removal operations for the subsequent construction process.

[0087] S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 until the tunnel construction is completed.

[0088] In this embodiment, when constructing a tunnel by drilling and blasting, a ventilation and dust removal system is first built in the construction tunnel. During the construction of the tunnel, the ventilation and dust removal system is used to obtain the actual smoke concentration in each area of ​​the construction tunnel in real time. According to the actual smoke concentration, the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system in each corresponding area is adjusted, thereby achieving real-time adjustment of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area according to the smoke situation, thereby avoiding the problem in the prior art that in tunnel construction by drilling and blasting, smoke is mainly eliminated by spraying a large amount of water, and it is impossible to quickly adjust according to the actual situation of the smoke, which not only causes a waste of water resources, but also causes a large amount of water to flow in the tunnel, affecting the technical problem of subsequent construction in the tunnel.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] Reference Figure 2 , showing a schematic diagram of a ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction by drill and blast method provided in the present invention, comprising: a central control unit 1, a ventilation and dust removal unit 2 and a detection unit 3; one end of the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 is arranged outside the construction tunnel 4, and the other end extends into the construction tunnel 4 and is close to the existing tunnel face 41;

[0091] There are multiple detection units 3, and the multiple detection units 3 are arranged in various areas in the construction tunnel 4 along the ventilation and dust removal unit 2;

[0092] The central control unit 1 is electrically connected to the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 and the detection unit 3;

[0093] The detection unit 3 is used to detect smoke data in each area in real time and output the smoke data to the central control unit 1;

[0094] The central control unit 1 is used to analyze and obtain the actual smoke concentration in each area according to the smoke data of each area, and to adjust the working state of the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 in each area in real time according to the actual smoke concentration in each area.

[0095] Specifically, the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 at least extends through the tunnel lining trolley 5 during the construction process and reaches a position close to the tunnel face 41.

[0096] In the present embodiment, a ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using the drill and blast method is provided. The actual smoke concentration in each area of ​​the construction tunnel 4 is analyzed and obtained through the detection unit 3 and the central control unit 1, and the working state of the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 is adjusted according to the actual smoke concentration in each area, so that the ventilation and dust removal effects of the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 match the actual smoke concentration, thereby avoiding the technical problem in the prior art that, in tunnel construction using the drill and blast method, smoke is mainly eliminated by spraying a large amount of water, and rapid adjustment cannot be made according to the actual situation of the smoke, which not only causes a waste of water resources, but also causes a large amount of water to flow in the tunnel, affecting subsequent construction in the tunnel.

[0097] It should be noted that the specific application process of the ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using the drill and blast method in this embodiment corresponds to the ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using the drill and blast method in Example 1, and will not be elaborated here.

[0098] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 , each detection unit 3 in the present invention includes a high-definition camera component 31 and a dust sensor 32, and the high-definition camera component 31 and the dust sensor 32 are electrically connected to the central control unit 1;

[0099] The high-definition camera assembly 31 is used to obtain images of the area in which it is located in real time during the tunnel construction process and transmit the images to the central control unit;

[0100] The dust sensor 32 is used to obtain the direct smoke dust concentration in the area where it is located in real time during the tunnel construction process, and transmit the direct smoke dust data to the central control unit 1.

[0101] Specifically, the high-definition camera assembly 31 in this embodiment is arranged at the top of the construction tunnel 4 , and the dust sensor 32 is arranged on the side wall of the construction tunnel 4 .

[0102] Optionally, the ventilation and dust removal unit 2 in the present invention includes a ventilation component 21 and a spray dust removal component 22;

[0103] The ventilation assembly 21 includes an air duct, a fan and a filter. One end of the air duct extends out of the construction tunnel, and the other end of the air duct extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing tunnel face. The fan is arranged in the air duct. The filter is arranged on one end of the air duct close to the existing tunnel face 41.

[0104] The spray dust removal assembly 22 includes a water storage device, a water pump, a water pipe and a plurality of rotating spray heads; the water storage device and the water pump are arranged outside the construction tunnel 4, and the water pump is connected to the water storage device; one end of the water pipe is connected to the water pump, and the other end extends into the construction tunnel 4 and is close to the existing face 41; a plurality of rotating spray heads are arranged on the delivery pipe, and are respectively located in various areas of the construction tunnel 4, and each rotating spray head is electrically connected to the central control unit 1.

[0105] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the air ducts, fans and filters in the ventilation assembly 21, the water storage device, water pump, water pipe and multiple rotating spray heads in the spray dust removal assembly 22, their selection and connection methods are technical means familiar to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be elaborated here.

[0106] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method, characterized in that: include: S1: Building a ventilation and dust removal system in the construction tunnel according to the tunnel construction progress, so that the ventilation and dust removal system extends from the outside of the tunnel to the existing tunnel face of the construction tunnel, and the construction tunnel is divided into multiple areas; S2: During the tunnel construction process, the actual smoke concentration in each area is obtained in real time; S3: According to the actual smoke concentration in each area obtained in real time, adjust the working state of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area; S4: After completing the construction at the existing tunnel face, extend the ventilation and dust removal system so that the ventilation and dust removal system is close to the newly formed tunnel face again; S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 until the tunnel construction is completed.

2. The ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: S2.1: During the tunnel construction process, real-time images and direct smoke concentration in each area are obtained; S2.2: According to the images in each area, the smoke concentration in each area is obtained by real-time analysis; S2.3: According to the image smoke concentration and direct smoke concentration in each area, the actual smoke concentration in each area is obtained in real time.

3. The ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S2.2 specifically includes: S2.2.1: Preprocess the images collected in real time in each area to obtain high-quality images; S2.2.3: Analyze the color space of pixels in the high-quality image and obtain the number of smoke pixels in the high-quality image in real time; S2.2.3: Obtain standard image data and combine it with the number of smoke pixels to obtain the image smoke concentration in real time.

4. The ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2.2.3, the acquired standard image data includes: the number of pixels in the standard image, and the smoke concentration in the standard image.

5. The ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The formula for obtaining the smoke concentration of the image in step S2.2.3 is: Among them, A M is the number of smoke pixels in the high-quality image, B M is the number of pixels in the standard image, C S is the smoke concentration of the standard image, C A The smoke concentration of the image is obtained in real time.

6. The ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2.3, the average value of the image smoke concentration and the direct smoke concentration in each area is taken as the real-time actual smoke concentration in each area.

7. The ventilation and dust removal method for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: According to the actual smoke concentration in each area, adjust the spray water volume, spray swing frequency and spray swing range of the ventilation and dust removal system in each area; Among them, the corresponding relationship between the spray water volume, spray swing frequency and spray swing range in each area of ​​the ventilation and dust removal system is: The ventilation and dust removal system is adjusted according to the above corresponding relationship.

8. A ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using drill and blast method, used in the ventilation and dust removal method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The ventilation and dust removal system comprises: a central control unit, a ventilation and dust removal unit and a detection unit; One end of the ventilation and dust removal unit is arranged outside the construction tunnel, and the other end extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing tunnel face; There are multiple detection units, and the multiple detection units are arranged in various areas in the construction tunnel along the ventilation and dust removal unit; the detection units are used to detect smoke and dust data in each area in real time, and output the smoke and dust data to the central control unit; The central control unit is electrically connected to the ventilation and dust removal unit and the detection unit; the central control unit is used to analyze and obtain the actual smoke concentration in each area based on the smoke data of each area, and to adjust the working state of the ventilation and dust removal unit in each area in real time according to the actual smoke concentration in each area.

9. The ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each of the detection units includes a high-definition camera assembly and a dust sensor, and the high-definition camera assembly and the dust sensor are electrically connected to the central control unit; The high-definition camera assembly is used to obtain images of the area in which it is located in real time during the tunnel construction process, and transmit the images to the central control unit; The dust sensor is used to obtain the direct smoke dust concentration in the area where it is located in real time during the tunnel construction process, and transmit the direct smoke dust concentration to the central control unit.

10. The ventilation and dust removal system for tunnel construction using drill and blast method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ventilation and dust removal unit includes a ventilation component and a spray dust removal component; The ventilation assembly includes an air duct, a fan and a filter. One end of the air duct extends out of the construction tunnel, and the other end of the air duct extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing tunnel face. The fan is arranged in the air duct. The filter is arranged on one end of the air duct close to the existing tunnel face. The spray dust removal assembly includes a water storage device, a water pump, a water pipe and a plurality of rotating spray heads; the water storage device and the water pump are arranged outside the construction tunnel, and the water pump is connected to the water storage device; one end of the water pipe is connected to the water pump, and the other end extends into the construction tunnel and is close to the existing face; the plurality of rotating spray heads are arranged on the delivery pipe, and are respectively located in various areas of the construction tunnel, and each of the rotating spray heads is electrically connected to the central control unit.

Images