Intelligent monitoring system and method for measuring disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring system and method for measuring a head-on cyclic tunneling disturbance length range. According to the system, a tunneling vibration sensing assembly comprises a fixed hollow metal rod, an intelligent sensing module and a vibration signal sensor; the intelligent sensing module comprises a sensing shell, a microcontroller, a first storage module, a wireless transmitting module and a first power module. The acquisition and analysis terminal comprises a shell, a display module, a wireless receiving module, a calculation and analysis module and a power module II; the method comprises the steps that a drill hole is constructed in a top plate of a to-be-supported area behind a tunneling head-on; a tunneling vibration sensing assembly is installed; the tunneling vibration sensing assembly is used for collecting vibration signals and storing the vibration signals; and acquiring a vibration signal by using the acquisition and analysis terminal, and calculating the tunneling disturbance length range and the tunneling disturbance duration based on the vibration signal. According to the system and the method, through cooperation of the tunneling vibration sensing assembly and the acquisition and analysis terminal, rapid and accurate monitoring of the tunneling disturbance duration time and the tunneling disturbance effective length range can be conveniently realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent mine safety monitoring, and in particular is an intelligent monitoring system and method for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel deformation begins with excavation and originates from disturbance. The multiple disturbances caused by head-on cyclic excavation during tunneling are the leading causes of initial damage to the anchor system and later instability. The essence of cyclic excavation disturbance is the periodic loading and unloading of adjacent anchor bodies. During this periodic excavation disturbance, it is easy to cause micro-cracks and small deformations in the anchor system. This damage will continue to evolve as the root cause of destruction, which will in turn have an adverse effect on the long-term bearing capacity of the tunnel and become a major threat to mine safety production. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation, which provides very clear engineering guidance for understanding and recognizing its disturbance intensity and strengthening the reinforcement support in this area in a targeted manner, which has important scientific significance and theoretical value.

[0003] According to the application of engineering sites and related theoretical research, there are relatively few research programs on the disturbance of head-on cyclic excavation, which is the leading cause of deformation and instability of surrounding rock. In the engineering site, there is a lack of methods and equipment to monitor the length range of head-on cyclic excavation disturbance, which is not conducive to the safe production of coal mines. At present, the main methods for monitoring mine pressure during tunnel excavation are surrounding rock surface displacement, rock crack delamination inside the surrounding rock, and anchor cable working resistance. These conventional monitoring methods and their corresponding monitoring equipment are difficult to accurately monitor and judge the length range of head-on cyclic excavation disturbance, and thus it is difficult to provide effective technical guidance for targeted reinforcement and support of cyclic excavation disturbance areas. In order to effectively solve the above problems, it is urgent to provide an intelligent monitoring system and method for measuring the length range of head-on cyclic excavation disturbance, so as to provide a more solid guarantee for mine safety production operations. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system and method for determining the length range of head-on cyclic driving disturbance. The system has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, can realize vibration signal monitoring of rock masses in different layers of the roof, and can provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the length range of head-on cyclic driving disturbance in the tunnel, which is beneficial to ensuring the safe production of coal mines. The monitoring and analysis results of this method are accurate, and the duration of cyclic driving disturbance and the effective length range of cyclic driving disturbance can be determined efficiently and accurately. It can provide a reliable technical means for comprehensively comparing and analyzing the impact of cyclic driving disturbance on rock masses in different layers, and has good application value.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling, including a tunneling vibration sensing component and a collection and analysis terminal;

[0006] The excavation vibration sensing assembly includes a fixed hollow metal rod, an intelligent sensing module and a vibration signal sensor;

[0007] The fixed hollow metal rod comprises an anchoring section and a sensing section, wherein the anchoring section is located at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod, and the sensing section is the portion of the fixed hollow metal rod outside the anchoring section, and a plurality of wire holes connected to the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod are sequentially and spaced apart in the length direction of the sensing section;

[0008] The intelligent sensing module comprises a sensing shell, a microcontroller, a storage module 1, a wireless transmission module and a power module 1; the top plate of the sensing shell is fixedly mounted on the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod, and a wire entry hole communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod is provided on the top plate of the sensing shell, and a signal transmission channel is provided on the bottom plate of the sensing shell; the wireless transmission module, the microcontroller, the storage module 1 and the power module 1 are all mounted inside the sensing shell, and the wireless transmission module is embedded in the signal transmission channel; the microcontroller is respectively connected to the storage module 1, the wireless transmission module and the power module 1;

[0009] There are multiple vibration signal sensors, which are fixedly mounted on the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod at intervals in sequence along the length direction of the sensing section, and the wires connected to the sensors pass through the wire holes into the interior of the fixed hollow metal rod, and are connected to the microcontroller after passing through the wire holes;

[0010] The acquisition and analysis terminal includes a housing, a display module, a wireless receiving module, a calculation and analysis module and a power supply module 2;

[0011] The casing is provided with a signal receiving channel connected to the inner cavity; the display module is embedded in the surface of the casing; the wireless receiving module, the computing and analysis module and the power supply module 2 are all installed in the inner cavity of the casing, and the wireless receiving module is embedded in the signal receiving channel and connected to the wireless transmitting module through wireless communication; the computing and analysis module is respectively connected to the display module, the wireless receiving module and the power supply module 2.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to facilitate inputting calculation parameters into the collection and analysis terminal, the collection and analysis terminal also includes an information input module, which is embedded in the surface of the casing and connected to the calculation and analysis module.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to ensure the connection strength, the sensing shell is connected to the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod by welding.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to effectively adapt to the requirements of sensing and picking up vibration signals of head-on cycle excavation in different rock strata of the roof, the length of the fixed hollow metal rod is 2000-10000 mm, and the diameter is 30-60 mm; the length of the vibration signal sensor is 30-60 mm, the width is 20-40 mm, and the distance between two adjacent vibration signal sensors is 200-1000 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the storage and reading of data, the acquisition and analysis terminal also includes a storage module 2, and the storage module 2 is connected to the calculation and analysis module.

[0016] In the present invention, by setting an anchoring section at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod, the end of the fixed hollow metal rod can be firmly fixed to the bottom of the borehole by using an anchoring agent during the installation process, thereby ensuring that the vibration signal can be stably and reliably obtained during the continuous monitoring process. A plurality of vibration signal sensors are installed in sequence and at intervals in the length direction of the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which can effectively meet the requirements of the rock strata at different levels of the top plate for the sensing pickup of the head-on cycle excavation vibration signal, so that only one excavation disturbance sensing component needs to be set to simultaneously obtain the vibration signals of multiple rock strata at different levels. A plurality of wire holes are opened in sequence along the length direction on the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which can facilitate the wire connected to the vibration signal sensor to smoothly penetrate the interior of the rod body and extend to the head end of the rod body, so that it can be convenient to connect with the intelligent sensing module located at the head end of the rod body. At the same time, this arrangement method is conducive to protecting the wire, and thus the wire will not be damaged by scratching by foreign objects, ensuring the reliable reception of the vibration signal. By providing a signal transmission channel on the bottom plate of the sensing shell, it is helpful to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the signal, thereby ensuring the smooth passage of the wireless signal. By setting up the power module 1, a stable supply of electricity can be provided for the excavation vibration sensing component, so that it has the ability to work offline, and there is no need to lay a power supply line specifically for the excavation disturbance sensing component. The sensing shell is fixedly installed at the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod. After the fixed hollow metal rod is installed in the borehole, the sensing shell can be exposed to the outside of the hole, thereby ensuring the reliable transmission of the wireless signal. By providing a microcontroller in the intelligent sensing module, the intelligent sensing module can have a certain data processing capability. When receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal sensor, the microcontroller can add a timestamp to it, thereby forming a time-series cyclic vibration signal with a timestamp. In this way, when the acquisition and analysis terminal processes the vibration signal later, it can easily obtain the corresponding time information. By setting up the storage module one, it is convenient to store and read data. In this way, the microcontroller can not only conveniently store the processed data in the storage module one, but also conveniently read out the data from the storage module one after the wireless communication link is established, and send it to the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless communication link. By setting up a wireless transmission module in the intelligent sensing module and setting up a wireless receiving module in the acquisition and analysis terminal, it is convenient to form a wireless communication link between the excavation vibration sensing component and the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless connection between the wireless transmission module and the wireless receiving module, thereby ensuring reliable data transmission between the two. By setting up a display module on the casing, it is convenient to display relevant prompt information and relevant calculation results in real time, thereby facilitating the operator to intuitively view the prompt information and calculation results. By setting up the information input module, it is convenient for the operator to use the information input module to input the parameters required for calculation to the acquisition and analysis terminal, thereby improving the flexibility of the system.By setting the power module 2, the power supply for the acquisition and analysis terminal can be provided, so that the acquisition and analysis terminal has the ability to work offline, thereby improving the convenience of carrying. By setting the calculation and analysis module, it is convenient to calculate the disturbance length range and the disturbance duration efficiently and accurately. By opening a signal receiving channel on the casing, it is helpful to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the wireless signal, thereby ensuring the reliable transmission of the wireless signal.

[0017] The system has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost. Through the cooperation of the excavation vibration sensing components and the collection and analysis terminal, it can conveniently realize the rapid and accurate monitoring of the duration of the excavation disturbance and the effective length range of the excavation disturbance, and thus provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the length range of the tunnel head-on cycle excavation disturbance, which is conducive to ensuring the safe production of coal mines.

[0018] The present invention also provides an intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation, using an intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: During the tunneling operation, the excavation equipment constructs a borehole on the top plate of the area to be supported behind the tunneling head;

[0020] Step 2: Prepare a tunneling vibration sensing component that matches the size of the borehole, insert a fixed hollow metal rod into the borehole, and use a resin anchor to stably fix the anchoring section of the fixed hollow metal rod at the bottom of the borehole, and expose the sensing shell outside the hole;

[0021] Step 3: After the excavation vibration sensing component is installed, the excavation operation is started. At the same time, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component to the initial position of the excavation head is measured, and the initial distance L0 is input into the calculation and analysis module by using the information input module. When the calculation and analysis module receives the initial distance L0, it stores it in the storage module 2, and at the same time, the current initial time T0 is recorded and stored in the storage module 2;

[0022] Step 4: As the tunneling head continues to advance cyclically, the distance between the tunneling vibration sensing component and the tunneling head gradually increases. During the period when the tunneling head is within the tunneling disturbance sensing range of the tunneling vibration sensing component, each tunneling action will cause cyclic loading and unloading. During the cyclic loading and unloading process, a cyclic vibration signal is generated and propagated through the coal rock mass to the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod. Multiple vibration signal sensors are used to collect the cyclic vibration signal in real time and send it to the microcontroller. After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the microcontroller adds a time stamp to it to form a time-series cyclic vibration signal with a time stamp, and sends the time-series cyclic vibration signal to the storage module 1 for storage;

[0023] Step 5: During the excavation operation, a signal collection operation is performed at the location of the excavation vibration sensing component through a manual handheld collection and analysis terminal. A wireless communication link is established between the wireless receiving module and the wireless transmitting module within the effective transmission distance of the wireless signal. When the wireless communication link is established, the calculation and analysis module records the current time as the signal collection time T3. At the same time, after the wireless communication link is established, the microcontroller reads the timing cycle vibration signal in the storage module 1 and sends it to the calculation and analysis module through the wireless communication link.

[0024] After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the calculation and analysis module first performs frequency averaging to obtain the vibration signal after averaging, and then compares the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A. 临 By comparison, if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal does not exist below A 临 If the current vibration signal is invalid, the display module will display the invalid vibration data prompt information. At the same time, in the process of continuing the forward cycle excavation, step five is re-executed; if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal is lower than A 临 , then the current vibration signal is determined to be valid data, and the display module displays the prompt information of the valid vibration data, and then executes step six;

[0025] Step 6: Measure the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the current position of the tunneling head, and input the acquisition distance L2 into the calculation and analysis module through the information input module; the calculation and analysis module (9-3) extracts the vibration peak value below A for the first time from the vibration signal 临 The critical time T1 corresponding to the time is calculated, and the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 is calculated according to formula (1), and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 is calculated according to formula (2), and then the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 are sent to the display module for real-time display;

[0026] T2 = T1-T0 (1);

[0027] L1= L2 -V*(T3 - T1 ) (2);

[0028] Where V is the excavation speed.

[0029] Furthermore, in order to conveniently and accurately obtain the distance data from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component to the excavation head position, in step three, the initial distance L0 is measured manually using a rangefinder; in step six, the collection distance L2 is measured manually using a rangefinder.

[0030] Furthermore, in order to accurately obtain A 临To ensure that the perturbation length range can be accurately obtained, in step six, A 临 The determination process is as follows: under laboratory conditions, steel pipes, anchors, and resin anchoring agents are used to make an anchor bolt system in a similar proportion to the roof anchor bolt system on the tunnel engineering site, and the anchor bolt system is placed on a vibration table test device for a vibration test. The vibration intensity value corresponding to the debonding failure of the anchor bolt system under cyclic vibration is determined by the change in the working resistance of the anchor bolt and the acoustic emission monitoring of the damage event measures. 15% to 20% of this vibration intensity value is A 临 .

[0031] The present invention discloses a method for determining the disturbance length range of the head-end cyclic excavation of a tunnel, which is applicable to the field of geotechnical engineering or shaft and tunnel engineering. Specifically, during the tunnel excavation process, a hole is drilled in the top plate immediately following the head-end position behind the tunnel, and an excavation vibration sensing component is installed. As the head-end continues to cyclically excavate forward, the excavation vibration sensing component will sense and receive the vibration signal of each cyclic excavation disturbance until the distance from the excavation vibration sensing component to the head-end exceeds a certain critical value (the influence of the head-end cyclic excavation disturbance is weakened and tends to be zero), that is, the excavation vibration sensing component is no longer within the cyclic excavation disturbance range of the head-end. The vibration signal data sensed and stored by the excavation vibration sensing component is collected and analyzed by a collection and analysis terminal, and the effective length range of the head-end cyclic excavation disturbance of the tunnel and the corresponding disturbance duration range are analyzed and calculated by a calculation and analysis module of the collection and analysis terminal. After the tunneling vibration sensing component is installed, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the initial position of the tunneling head is measured and input into the calculation and analysis module, so that the calculation and analysis module can obtain the initial distance L0 and the initial time T0 corresponding to the initial distance L0. After the microprocessor receives the vibration signal, it adds a timestamp to the vibration signal, so that the vibration signal has time information. In this way, when the vibration peak of the vibration signal is lower than A for the first time, 临 When the peak value first falls below A, it can be accurately extracted. 临 The critical time T1 corresponding to the time of the cyclic excavation can be accurately obtained. When performing signal acquisition operations, the signal acquisition time T3 and the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component to the current position of the excavation head can be recorded. The difference between the signal acquisition operation time T3 and the critical time T1 can be used to calculate the interval time between the two, and then the effective length range L1 of the excavation disturbance can be accurately calculated based on the interval time, excavation speed and acquisition distance L2. The vibration peak value of the vibration signal is compared with A 临 By comparison, the amplitude of the vibration peak can be effectively limited, thereby ensuring that only vibration signals with vibration amplitudes that meet the requirements are collected, while vibration signals with weaker amplitudes are not considered, ensuring that the conditions of the rock formation can be accurately analyzed using vibration signals that meet the requirements.

[0032] This method has convenient construction technology, high information and digitization degree of monitoring process, accurate monitoring results, high integration and automation degree, easy for workers to operate, reducing the labor intensity and monitoring difficulty of workers. At the same time, its monitoring and analysis results are accurate, which can provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the disturbance length range of the head-on cyclic excavation of the tunnel. This method may realize the vibration signal monitoring of rock masses in different layers of the roof, and provides a reliable technical means for the overall comparative analysis of the impact of cyclic excavation disturbance on rock masses in different layers, and has good application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of determining the range of disturbance length of the excavation head-on cycle excavation according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the excavation vibration sensing component in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data collection and analysis terminal in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the process of determining the critical time T1 and the effective length range L1 of the disturbance according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a principle block diagram of the system part in the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Tunnel; 2. Excavation equipment; 3. Excavation head; 4. Roof; 5. Anchor rod; 6. Drill hole; 7. Resin anchor; 8. Excavation vibration sensing component; 8-1. Fixed hollow metal rod; 8-2. Vibration signal sensor; 8-3. Wire; 8-4. Intelligent sensing module; 8-5. Sensing shell; 9. Collection and analysis terminal; 9-1. Display module; 9-2. Wireless receiving module; 9-3. Calculation and analysis module; 9-4. Information input module; 9-5. Signal receiving channel; 9-6. Casing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling, including a tunneling vibration sensing component 8 and a collection and analysis terminal 9;

[0041] The excavation vibration sensing assembly 8 includes a fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, an intelligent sensing module 8-4 and a vibration signal sensor 8-2;

[0042] The fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 includes an anchoring section and a sensing section. The anchoring section is located at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1. The sensing section is the portion of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 outside the anchoring section. A plurality of wire holes connected to the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 are sequentially arranged at intervals in the length direction of the sensing section.

[0043] The intelligent sensing module 8-4 includes a sensing shell 8-5, a microcontroller, a storage module 1, a wireless transmission module and a power module 1; the top plate of the sensing shell 8-5 is fixedly installed on the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, and a wire entry hole connected to the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 is opened on the top plate of the sensing shell 8-5, and a signal transmission channel is opened on the bottom plate of the sensing shell 8-5; the wireless transmission module, the microcontroller, the storage module 1 and the power module 1 are all installed inside the sensing shell 8-5, and the wireless transmission module is embedded in the signal transmission channel; the microcontroller is respectively connected to the storage module 1, the wireless transmission module and the power module 1;

[0044] There are multiple vibration signal sensors 8-2, which are fixedly installed on the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 in sequence and at intervals along the length direction of the sensing section. The wires 8-3 connected thereto penetrate into the interior of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 through the wire holes, and are connected to the microcontroller after passing through the wire holes.

[0045] The collection and analysis terminal 9 includes a housing 9-6, a display module 9-1, a wireless receiving module 9-2, a calculation and analysis module 9-3 and a power supply module 2;

[0046] The housing 9-6 is provided with a signal receiving channel 9-5 connected to the inner cavity; the display module 9-1 is embedded in the surface of the housing 9-6; the wireless receiving module 9-2, the calculation and analysis module 9-3 and the power module 2 are all installed in the inner cavity of the housing 9-6, and the wireless receiving module 9-2 is embedded in the signal receiving channel 9-5 and connected to the wireless transmitting module through wireless communication; the calculation and analysis module 9-3 is respectively connected to the display module 9-1, the wireless receiving module 9-2 and the power module 2.

[0047] In order to facilitate the input of calculation parameters to the collection and analysis terminal, the collection and analysis terminal 9 also includes an information input module 9-4, which is embedded in the surface of the housing 9-6 and connected to the calculation and analysis module 9-3.

[0048] In order to ensure the connection strength, the sensing housing 8-5 is connected to the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 by welding.

[0049] In order to effectively meet the needs of sensing and picking up vibration signals of the excavation head 3 cycle excavation by rock formations at different levels of the roof, the length of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 is 2000-10000mm, and the diameter is 30-60mm; the length of the vibration signal sensor 8-2 is 30-60mm, the width is 20-40mm, and the distance between two adjacent vibration signal sensors 8-2 is 200-1000mm. As a preferred embodiment, the number of vibration signal sensors 8-2 is three, four, or five, or even more than five, to meet the needs of sensing and picking up vibration signals of the excavation head 3 cycle excavation by rock formations at different levels of the roof 4.

[0050] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the storage and reading of data, the acquisition and analysis terminal 9 also includes a storage module 2, and the storage module 2 is connected to the calculation and analysis module 9-3.

[0051] In the present invention, by setting an anchoring section at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod, the end of the fixed hollow metal rod can be firmly fixed to the bottom of the borehole by using an anchoring agent during the installation process, thereby ensuring that the vibration signal can be stably and reliably obtained during the continuous monitoring process. A plurality of vibration signal sensors are installed in sequence and at intervals in the length direction of the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which can effectively meet the requirements of the rock strata at different levels of the top plate for the sensing pickup of the head-on cycle excavation vibration signal, so that only one excavation disturbance sensing component needs to be set to simultaneously obtain the vibration signals of multiple rock strata at different levels. A plurality of wire holes are opened in sequence along the length direction on the sensing section of the fixed hollow metal rod, which can facilitate the wire connected to the vibration signal sensor to smoothly penetrate the interior of the rod body and extend to the head end of the rod body, so that it can be convenient to connect with the intelligent sensing module located at the head end of the rod body. At the same time, this arrangement method is conducive to protecting the wire, and thus the wire will not be damaged by scratching by foreign objects, ensuring the reliable reception of the vibration signal. By providing a signal transmission channel on the bottom plate of the sensing shell, it is helpful to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the signal, thereby ensuring the smooth passage of the wireless signal. By setting up the power module 1, a stable supply of electricity can be provided for the excavation vibration sensing component, so that it has the ability to work offline, and there is no need to lay a power supply line specifically for the excavation disturbance sensing component. The sensing shell is fixedly installed at the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod. After the fixed hollow metal rod is installed in the borehole, the sensing shell can be exposed to the outside of the hole, thereby ensuring the reliable transmission of the wireless signal. By providing a microcontroller in the intelligent sensing module, the intelligent sensing module can have a certain data processing capability. When receiving the vibration signal transmitted by the vibration signal sensor, the microcontroller can add a timestamp to it, thereby forming a time-series cyclic vibration signal with a timestamp. In this way, when the acquisition and analysis terminal processes the vibration signal later, it can easily obtain the corresponding time information. By setting up the storage module one, it is convenient to store and read data. In this way, the microcontroller can not only conveniently store the processed data in the storage module one, but also conveniently read out the data from the storage module one after the wireless communication link is established, and send it to the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless communication link. By setting up a wireless transmission module in the intelligent sensing module and setting up a wireless receiving module in the acquisition and analysis terminal, it is convenient to form a wireless communication link between the excavation vibration sensing component and the acquisition and analysis terminal through the wireless connection between the wireless transmission module and the wireless receiving module, thereby ensuring reliable data transmission between the two. By setting up a display module on the casing, it is convenient to display relevant prompt information and relevant calculation results in real time, thereby facilitating the operator to intuitively view the prompt information and calculation results. By setting up the information input module, it is convenient for the operator to use the information input module to input the parameters required for calculation to the acquisition and analysis terminal, thereby improving the flexibility of the system.By setting the power module 2, the power supply for the acquisition and analysis terminal can be provided, so that the acquisition and analysis terminal has the ability to work offline, thereby improving the convenience of carrying. By setting the calculation and analysis module, it is convenient to calculate the disturbance length range and the disturbance duration efficiently and accurately. By opening a signal receiving channel on the casing, it is helpful to reduce the attenuation amplitude of the wireless signal, thereby ensuring the reliable transmission of the wireless signal.

[0052] The system has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost. Through the cooperation of the excavation vibration sensing components and the collection and analysis terminal, it can conveniently realize the rapid and accurate monitoring of the duration of the excavation disturbance and the effective length range of the excavation disturbance, and thus provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the length range of the tunnel head-on cycle excavation disturbance, which is conducive to ensuring the safe production of coal mines.

[0053] The present invention also provides an intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation, using an intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: During the excavation operation of the excavation equipment 2 in the tunnel 1, a borehole 6 is constructed on the top plate 4 of the support area behind the excavation head 3; as a preferred embodiment, the depth of the borehole 6 is adapted to the length of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1, and the diameter of the borehole 6 is 4 to 6 mm larger than the sum of the diameter of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 and the width of the vibration signal sensor 8-2, so as to facilitate the smooth installation of the excavation vibration sensing component 8;

[0055] Step 2: Prepare a tunneling vibration sensing assembly 8 that matches the size of the borehole 6, insert the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 into the borehole 6, and use a resin anchor 7 to stably fix the anchoring section of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1 at the bottom of the borehole 6, and expose the sensing housing 8-5 outside the hole;

[0056] Step 3: After the excavation vibration sensing component 8 is installed, the excavation operation is started. At the same time, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component 8 to the initial position of the excavation head 3 is measured, and the initial distance L0 is input into the calculation and analysis module 9-3 by using the information input module 9-4. The calculation and analysis module 9-3 stores the initial distance L0 in the storage module 2 when receiving it, and at the same time, records the current initial time T0 and stores it in the storage module 2;

[0057] Step 4: As the tunneling head 3 continues to advance forward in a cycle, the distance between the tunneling vibration sensing component 8 and the tunneling head 3 gradually increases. During the period when the tunneling head 3 is within the tunneling disturbance sensing range of the tunneling vibration sensing component 8, each tunneling action will cause cyclic loading and unloading. The cyclic vibration signal generated during the cyclic loading and unloading process is transmitted through the coal rock mass to the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod 8-1. The cyclic vibration signal is collected in real time by using multiple vibration signal sensors 8-2 synchronously and sent to the microcontroller. After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the microcontroller adds a time stamp to it to form a time-series cyclic vibration signal with a time stamp, and sends the time-series cyclic vibration signal to the storage module 1 for storage;

[0058] Step 5: During the excavation operation, a signal acquisition operation is performed at the location of the excavation vibration sensing component 8 by manually holding the acquisition and analysis terminal 9, and a wireless communication link is established between the wireless receiving module 9-2 and the wireless transmitting module within the effective transmission distance of the wireless signal. When the wireless communication link is established, the calculation and analysis module 9-3 records the current time as the signal acquisition time T3. At the same time, after the wireless communication link is established, the microcontroller reads the timing cycle vibration signal in the storage module 1 and sends it to the calculation and analysis module 9-3 through the wireless communication link;

[0059] After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the calculation and analysis module 9-3 first performs frequency averaging to obtain the vibration signal after averaging, and then compares the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A. 临 By comparison, if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal does not exist below A 临 If the current vibration signal is invalid, the display module 9-1 will display the invalid vibration data prompt information. At the same time, in the process of continuing the forward circular excavation, step 5 will be re-executed. If the vibration peak value of the vibration signal is lower than A 临 In the case of, the current vibration signal is determined to be valid data, and the display module 9-1 displays the valid vibration data prompt information, and then executes step six;

[0060] Step 6: Measure the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component 8 to the current position of the tunneling head 3, and input the acquisition distance L2 into the calculation and analysis module 9-3 through the information input module 9-4; the calculation and analysis module (9-3) extracts the vibration peak value below A for the first time from the vibration signal 临The critical time T1 corresponding to the time is calculated, and the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 is calculated according to formula (1), and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 is calculated according to formula (2), and then the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 are sent to the display module 9-1 for real-time display; at the same time, the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 can also be sent to the storage module 2 for storage;

[0061] T2 = T1-T0 (1);

[0062] L1= L2 -V*(T3 - T1) (2);

[0063] Where V is the excavation speed.

[0064] In order to conveniently and accurately obtain the distance data from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component to the excavation head position, in step three, the initial distance L0 is measured manually using a distance meter; in step six, the collection distance L2 is measured manually using a distance meter.

[0065] Working principle: Within the excavation disturbance range, each excavation of the excavation head 3 will cause cyclic loading and unloading, which will cause the excavation vibration sensing component 8 to sense the cyclic vibration signal, until the distance between the excavation vibration sensing component 8 and the excavation head 3 exceeds a certain critical value, that is, the excavation vibration sensing component 8 is no longer within the cyclic excavation disturbance range of the excavation head 3. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, at the beginning of installing the tunneling vibration sensing component 8, the distance between the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component 8 and the tunneling head 3 is L0, and the corresponding initial time is T0. As the tunneling head 3 continues to cyclically excavate forward, the distance between the tunneling vibration sensing component 8 and the tunneling head 3 increases, and the intensity of the cyclic excavation disturbance of the tunneling head 3 decreases, that is, the intensity signal of the cyclic vibration sensed by it gradually weakens, until the peak value of the cyclic vibration intensity sensed by the tunneling vibration sensing component 8 is lower than A for the first time. 临 , it is judged that the excavation vibration sensing component 8 has changed from being affected by the cyclic excavation disturbance of the excavation head 3 to no longer being affected by its cyclic excavation disturbance, and the distance L1 and time T1 from the position of the corresponding excavation vibration sensing component 8 to the excavation head 3 are judged to be valid data; if the peak value of the cyclic vibration intensity sensed by the excavation vibration sensing component 8 is not lower than A 临 , then it is judged that the distance L1 and time T1 from the position of the tunneling vibration sensing component 8 to the tunneling head 3 collected and analyzed at that time are invalid data, then when the tunneling head 3 continues to move forward in a cyclic tunneling process, the signal collection operation is performed again until the calculation and analysis module 9-3 determines that the collected data is valid data.

[0066] In order to accurately obtain A 临To ensure that the perturbation length range can be accurately obtained, in step six, A 临 The determination process is as follows: under laboratory conditions, steel pipes, anchors, and resin anchoring agents are used to make an anchor bolt system in a similar proportion to the roof anchor bolt system on the tunnel engineering site, and the anchor bolt system is placed on a vibration table test device for a vibration test. The vibration intensity value corresponding to the debonding failure of the anchor bolt system under cyclic vibration is determined by the change in the working resistance of the anchor bolt and the acoustic emission monitoring of the damage event measures. 15% to 20% of this vibration intensity value is A 临 .

[0067] The present invention discloses a method for determining the disturbance length range of the head-end cyclic excavation of a tunnel, which is applicable to the field of geotechnical engineering or shaft and tunnel engineering. Specifically, during the tunnel excavation process, a hole is drilled in the top plate immediately following the head-end position behind the tunnel, and an excavation vibration sensing component is installed. As the head-end continues to cyclically excavate forward, the excavation vibration sensing component will sense and receive the vibration signal of each cyclic excavation disturbance until the distance from the excavation vibration sensing component to the head-end exceeds a certain critical value (the influence of the head-end cyclic excavation disturbance is weakened and tends to be zero), that is, the excavation vibration sensing component is no longer within the cyclic excavation disturbance range of the head-end. The vibration signal data sensed and stored by the excavation vibration sensing component is collected and analyzed by a collection and analysis terminal, and the effective length range of the head-end cyclic excavation disturbance of the tunnel and the corresponding disturbance duration range are analyzed and calculated by a calculation and analysis module of the collection and analysis terminal. After the tunneling vibration sensing component is installed, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component to the initial position of the tunneling head is measured and input into the calculation and analysis module, so that the calculation and analysis module can obtain the initial distance L0 and the initial time T0 corresponding to the initial distance L0. After the microprocessor receives the vibration signal, it adds a timestamp to the vibration signal, so that the vibration signal has time information. In this way, when the vibration peak of the vibration signal is lower than A for the first time, 临 When the peak value first falls below A, it can be accurately extracted. 临 The critical time T1 corresponding to the time of the cyclic excavation can be accurately obtained. When performing signal acquisition operations, the signal acquisition time T3 and the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component to the current position of the excavation head can be recorded. The difference between the signal acquisition operation time T3 and the critical time T1 can be used to calculate the interval time between the two, and then the effective length range L1 of the excavation disturbance can be accurately calculated based on the interval time, excavation speed and acquisition distance L2. The vibration peak value of the vibration signal is compared with A 临 By comparison, the amplitude of the vibration peak can be effectively limited, thereby ensuring that only vibration signals with vibration amplitudes that meet the requirements are collected, while vibration signals with weaker amplitudes are not considered, ensuring that the conditions of the rock formation can be accurately analyzed using vibration signals that meet the requirements.

[0068] This method has convenient construction technology, high information and digitization degree of monitoring process, accurate monitoring results, high integration and automation degree, easy for workers to operate, reducing the labor intensity and monitoring difficulty of workers. At the same time, its monitoring and analysis results are accurate, which can provide strong technical support for accurately grasping the disturbance length range of the head-on cyclic excavation of the tunnel. This method may realize the vibration signal monitoring of rock masses in different layers of the roof, and provides a reliable technical means for the overall comparative analysis of the impact of cyclic excavation disturbance on rock masses in different layers, and has good application value.

Claims

1. An intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling, comprising a tunneling vibration sensing component (8), characterized in that: It also includes a collection and analysis terminal (9); The excavation vibration sensing component (8) comprises a fixed hollow metal rod (8-1), an intelligent sensing module (8-4) and a vibration signal sensor (8-2); The fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) comprises an anchoring section and a sensing section, wherein the anchoring section is located at the end of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1), and the sensing section is the portion of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) outside the anchoring section, and a plurality of wire holes connected to the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) are sequentially arranged at intervals in the length direction of the sensing section; The intelligent sensing module (8-4) comprises a sensing housing (8-5), a microcontroller, a storage module 1, a wireless transmission module and a power module 1; the top plate of the sensing housing (8-5) is fixedly mounted on the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1), and a wire entry hole communicating with the inner cavity of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) is provided on the top plate of the sensing housing (8-5), and a signal transmission channel is provided on the bottom plate of the sensing housing (8-5); the wireless transmission module, the microcontroller, the storage module 1 and the power module 1 are all mounted inside the sensing housing (8-5), and the wireless transmission module is embedded in the signal transmission channel; the microcontroller is respectively connected to the storage module 1, the wireless transmission module and the power module 1; The number of the vibration signal sensors (8-2) is multiple, and the multiple vibration signal sensors (8-2) are fixedly installed on the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) in sequence and at intervals along the length direction of the sensing section, and the wires (8-3) connected thereto penetrate into the interior of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) through the wire holes, and are connected to the microcontroller after passing through the wire holes; The data collection and analysis terminal (9) comprises a housing (9-6), a display module (9-1), a wireless receiving module (9-2), a calculation and analysis module (9-3) and a second power supply module; The housing (9-6) is provided with a signal receiving channel (9-5) connected to the inner cavity; the display module (9-1) is embedded in the surface of the housing (9-6); the wireless receiving module (9-2), the calculation and analysis module (9-3) and the power module 2 are all installed in the inner cavity of the housing (9-6), and the wireless receiving module (9-2) is embedded in the signal receiving channel (9-5) and connected to the wireless transmitting module by wireless communication; the calculation and analysis module (9-3) is respectively connected to the display module (9-1), the wireless receiving module (9-2) and the power module 2.

2. The intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The collection and analysis terminal (9) also includes an information input module (9-4), which is embedded in the surface of the housing (9-6) and connected to the calculation and analysis module (9-3).

3. The intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The sensing housing (8-5) is connected to the head end of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) by welding.

4. The intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) is 2000-10000 mm, and the diameter is 30-60 mm; the length of the vibration signal sensor (8-2) is 30-60 mm, and the width is 20-40 mm; the distance between two adjacent vibration signal sensors (8-2) is 200-1000 mm.

5. The intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The collection and analysis terminal (9) also includes a second storage module, and the second storage module is connected to the calculation and analysis module (9-3).

6. An intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation, using an intelligent monitoring system for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic excavation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: During the excavation operation in the tunnel (1), the excavation equipment (2) constructs a borehole (6) on the top plate (4) of the area to be supported behind the excavation head (3); Step 2: Prepare a tunneling vibration sensing assembly (8) that matches the size of the borehole (6), insert a fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) into the borehole (6), and use a resin anchor (7) to stably fix the anchoring section of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1) at the bottom of the borehole (6), and expose the sensing housing (8-5) outside the hole opening; Step 3: After the excavation vibration sensing component (8) is installed, the excavation operation is started. At the same time, the initial distance L0 from the installation position of the excavation vibration sensing component (8) to the initial position of the excavation head (3) is measured, and the initial distance L0 is input into the calculation and analysis module (9-3) by using the information input module (9-4). When the calculation and analysis module (9-3) receives the initial distance L0, it stores it in the storage module 2, and at the same time, the current initial time T0 is recorded and stored in the storage module 2; Step 4: As the tunneling head (3) continues to advance forward in a cycle, the distance between the tunneling vibration sensing component (8) and the tunneling head (3) gradually increases. During the period when the tunneling head (3) is within the tunneling disturbance sensing range of the tunneling vibration sensing component (8), each tunneling action will cause cyclic loading and unloading. During the cyclic loading and unloading process, a cyclic vibration signal is generated and propagated through the coal rock mass to the rod body of the fixed hollow metal rod (8-1). The cyclic vibration signal is collected in real time by using multiple vibration signal sensors (8-2) simultaneously, and sent to the microcontroller. After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the microcontroller adds a time stamp to it to form a time-series cyclic vibration signal with a time stamp, and sends the time-series cyclic vibration signal to the storage module 1 for storage; Step 5: During the excavation operation, a signal acquisition operation is performed at the location of the excavation vibration sensing component (8) by manually holding the acquisition and analysis terminal (9). A wireless communication link is established between the wireless receiving module (9-2) and the wireless transmitting module within the effective transmission distance of the wireless signal. When the wireless communication link is established, the calculation and analysis module (9-3) records the current time as the signal acquisition time T3. At the same time, after the wireless communication link is established, the microcontroller reads the time-series cyclic vibration signal in the storage module 1 and sends it to the calculation and analysis module (9-3) through the wireless communication link. After receiving the cyclic vibration signal, the calculation and analysis module (9-3) first performs frequency averaging processing to obtain the vibration signal after averaging processing, and then compares the vibration peak value of the vibration signal with A 临 By comparison, if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal does not exist below A 临 If the vibration peak value of the vibration signal is lower than A, the current vibration signal is determined to be invalid data, and the display module (9-1) displays the invalid vibration data prompt information. At the same time, in the process of continuing the forward circular excavation, step five is re-executed; if the vibration peak value of the vibration signal is lower than A 临 , then the current vibration signal is determined to be valid data, and the display module (9-1) displays the prompt information of the valid vibration data, and then executes step six; Step 6: Measure the acquisition distance L2 from the installation position of the tunneling vibration sensing component (8) to the current position of the tunneling head (3), and input the acquisition distance L2 into the calculation and analysis module (9-3) through the information input module (9-4); the calculation and analysis module (9-3) extracts the vibration peak value below A for the first time from the vibration signal. 临 The critical time T1 corresponding to the time is calculated, and the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 is calculated according to formula (1), and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 is calculated according to formula (2), and then the cyclic excavation disturbance duration T2 and the cyclic excavation disturbance effective length range L1 are sent to the display module (9-1) for real-time display; T2 = T1-T0 (1); L1= L2 -V*(T3 - T1 ) (2); Where V is the excavation speed.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step three, the initial distance L0 is measured manually using a distance meter; in step six, the acquisition distance L2 is measured manually using a distance meter.

8. The intelligent monitoring method for determining the disturbance length range of head-on cyclic tunneling according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step six, A 临 The determination process is as follows: under laboratory conditions, steel pipes, anchors, and resin anchoring agents are used to make an anchor bolt system in a similar proportion to the roof anchor bolt system on the tunnel engineering site, and the anchor bolt system is placed on a vibration table test device for a vibration test. The vibration intensity value corresponding to the debonding failure of the anchor bolt system under cyclic vibration is determined by the change in the working resistance of the anchor bolt and the acoustic emission monitoring of the damage event measures. 15% to 20% of this vibration intensity value is A 临 .

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