Environmental disturbance plume experimental device and method for motion of deep-sea mining vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment disturbance plume experiment device and method for deep-sea mining vehicle movement. The device mainly comprises the following three parts: a layered environment water body generation device, a mining vehicle motion simulation system and an environment disturbance plume observation system. The mining vehicle motion simulation system is composed of a mining vehicle model, an electric sliding rail with adjustable motion modes and a double-shaft controller, the double-shaft controller jointly controls the mining vehicle motion simulation sliding rail and the double sliding rails of the environment disturbance plume observation system to move synchronously, and different motion modes are set through motor programs. The mining vehicle is driven to move so as to simulate a disturbance plume development process generated by environment disturbance, and a disturbance plume diffusion process and intensity are recorded by a particle image velocity measurement system, a turbidimeter, a Doppler velocity meter and the like. According to the invention, the environmental disturbance process of the mining vehicle in an actual deep sea environment can be simulated, and a target object and post-processing method under a moving condition observed by using a particle image velocity measurement system is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of plume dynamics research, and in particular relates to an environmental disturbance plume experimental device and method for the movement of a deep-sea mining vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Currently, marine mining activities are considered an emerging and hot resource extraction method worldwide. However, nodule collector vehicles traveling on the seabed will change surface sediments and generate disturbance plumes. A large part of mineral resources are located near sensitive ecosystems, and the disturbance caused by mining will have long-term impacts on seabed ecosystems. The loss of seabed integrity caused by the removal of nodules and sediments will reduce biological density and ecosystem functions. The suspended disturbance plumes will cover benthic habitats outside the mining area, affecting many benthic ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical remineralization processes and the productivity of benthic communities.

[0003] By conducting environmental impact experiments on the movement of deep-sea mining vehicles, instruments and equipment can be used to measure changes in physical properties such as the physicochemical characteristics of disturbance plumes during mining, and then analyze the biodiversity, species connectivity, and resilience to environmental changes in the mining area, thereby inferring the habitat characteristics, microbial and eukaryotic community composition of the seabed ecosystem in the mining area, and developing biodiversity assessment technology. Finally, based on the impact results, a deep-sea mining operation monitoring strategy and monitoring standardization procedures are formulated, and indicators of good environmental conditions are defined, and possible governance measures are found, such as spatial management plans for mining operations and means to promote ecosystem recovery, and reasonable methods are developed to assess environmental risks and estimate benefits, and the uncertainties in the impacts are implemented into an appropriate regulatory framework to support the use of good management methods for sustainable deep-sea development. However, to date, there is no clear experimental device and method for environmental disturbance plumes for deep-sea mining vehicle movement under actual deep-sea background and terrain conditions.

[0004] The flume experiment is a classic method for studying plume dynamics, but in the technical solutions that have been published, there is no experimental observation device and method for the environmental disturbance plume of deep-sea mining vehicles under the actual background and terrain conditions of the deep sea. The experimental device and method of the present invention can effectively simulate the disturbance plume generated by the movement of the mining vehicle, can simulate the actual deep-sea water body and terrain conditions, and proposes the shooting and optimization method of the particle image velocimetry technology under the corresponding conditions, and can quantitatively measure the influence scale of the suspended sediment disturbance plume, such as the distribution range, characteristic length, and hoisting height of the sediment over time; the diffusion of mining plumes and sediment deposition, and the evolution of the physical and chemical characteristics of the mining disturbance plume, such as the flow characteristics of the plume such as velocity field, vorticity field, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent dissipation rate, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the disturbance plume such as material transport, entrainment coefficient, and density change, and then evaluate the influence range of the disturbance plume, optimize the operation mode of mining by the mining vehicle, etc., to support the use of good management methods for sustainable development of the deep sea. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an environmental disturbance plume experimental device and method for the movement of a deep-sea mining vehicle.

[0006] An environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion, including an environmental disturbance plume observation system, a mining vehicle motion simulation system, and a stratified environmental water body generation device;

[0007] The mining vehicle model in the mining vehicle motion simulation system is located in a test water tank, the bottom of which is paved with a hard deep-sea terrain model and sediment particles; the mining vehicle model moves on the sediment particles;

[0008] The stratified environment water body generating device is used to prepare a linear stratified water body that conforms to the actual background environment of the ocean;

[0009] The environmental disturbance plume observation system observes the disturbance plume generated by the winch when the mining vehicle model moves, or observes the environmental disturbance plume caused by the moving winch of the mining vehicle model and the tailings fluid discharged from the hollow capillary at the tail of the mining vehicle model; by calibrating the actual size, using image cross-correlation to quantitatively determine the vertical and lateral flow states, displacement distance, velocity field and vorticity field of the disturbance plume, so as to determine the head position, head speed, turbidity, and turbulent energy dissipation at different times, thereby quantitatively judging the key influencing factors of the disturbance plume on the diffusion rate of the disturbance plume and the impact on the environmental pollution situation.

[0010] The experimental method for the environmental disturbance plume of the deep-sea mining vehicle movement, using the above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step a. Set up the deep sea terrain environment

[0012] A hard deep-sea terrain model is placed at the bottom of the test tank and sediment particles are laid on top;

[0013] placing a mining vehicle model on sediment particles, and fixing the hollow capillary tube to the mining vehicle model;

[0014] Step b. Build a mining vehicle motion simulation system

[0015] The first electric slide rail is mounted on the test water tank, and the hollow capillary is connected to the first electric slide rail. The movement speed and movement direction of the first electric slide rail are initially set using a dual-axis controller. The first electric slide rail is powered on to move to determine the movement stability of the hollow capillary and the mining vehicle model, and then the dual-axis controller is turned off.

[0016] Step c. Build an environmental disturbance plume observation system

[0017] A laser was placed on top of a fixed steel frame, turbidity meters were evenly distributed on the sediment particle layer, and a Doppler flow meter was fixed in the test flume;

[0018] A second electric slide is built on a side perpendicular to the first electric slide, and a high-speed camera is fixed on the second electric slide; the second electric slide is controlled by the dual-axis controller, and power is turned on to ensure that the movement of the second electric slide is synchronized with the first electric slide;

[0019] Step d. preparing a linear layered water body;

[0020] Step e. Turn on the first electric slide rail, the second electric slide rail, the laser and the high-speed camera, and after confirming that the movement mode is appropriate, start the dual-axis controller to allow the hollow capillary to drive the mining vehicle model to move;

[0021] Step f. using a high-speed camera, a Doppler flow meter and a turbidity meter to record the disturbance plume hoisting process and the mixing of the disturbance and the stratified water body;

[0022] By calibrating the actual size, the image cross-correlation is used to quantitatively determine the vertical and lateral flow patterns, displacement distance, characteristic length, velocity field, vorticity field, and turbulent kinetic energy of the disturbance plume, so as to determine the head position, head speed, and turbidity at different times; thus, the key influencing factors of the disturbance plume on the diffusion rate of the disturbance plume and the impact on the environmental pollution are quantitatively determined;

[0023] Step g. By changing the movement speed and movement mode of the mining vehicle model, the stratification degree of the stratified water body, the particle size and density of the bottom sediment particles through the dual-axis controller, repeating the disturbance plume observation and quantitative analysis, a more scientific and environmentally friendly mining method for the mining vehicle is determined.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device and method for the motion of a deep-sea mining vehicle of the present invention have simple facilities, simple procedures, and good reliability, accuracy, and ease of use.

[0026] 2. The purpose of generating linear stratified water bodies and laying hard deep-sea terrain models and sediment particles is to simulate the actual deep-sea water bodies and terrain environment. The mining vehicle model moves as close to the sediment particle layer as possible in order to simulate the disturbance plume process caused by the disturbance of the sediment bottom layer and the environmental water body when the mining vehicle moves, so as to observe the physical characteristics of the disturbance plume near the mining vehicle and the flow field changes of the environmental water body.

[0027] The linear stratified water body prepared by the present invention has good stratification. The salinity of each group of prepared linear stratified water bodies is measured using a solution sampling plate at a depth of 5 cm. The salinity and density distribution of multiple groups of prepared stratified salt water are subjected to linear regression analysis. The average value of the linear correlation coefficient of salinity and density under the working conditions can reach above 0.999.

[0028] 3. The purpose of using a dual-axis controller to jointly control the synchronous movement of the first and second electric slides is to accurately capture the disturbance plume winching process when the seabed mining vehicle is in motion. The first electric slide can also realize different modes of movement of the mining vehicle model to meet the actual operation mode of the mining vehicle.

[0029] The mining vehicle model in this experiment is moving. The image cross-correlation algorithm used in PIV uses the vector displacement of the tracer particles to calculate the flow field. It is required that the position of the mining vehicle model in the two adjacent frames of the picture taken and the position of other environments in the picture are completely consistent. Therefore, the present invention considers rebuilding the second electric slide rail, using a dual-axis controller to connect the two slide rails driving the mining vehicle and the camera in series to ensure that the two slide rails move at a completely consistent moving speed and start-up time, thereby eliminating the error caused by the displacement of the mining vehicle and the environmental background in the two adjacent pictures. And on this basis, a post-processing method based on particle image velocimetry technology under the motion conditions of a deep-sea mining vehicle in a stratified environment is proposed, using a shock-absorbing plate to carry a high-speed camera, and lowering the center of gravity of the high-speed camera to reduce the vibration amplitude, thereby reducing the vector displacement caused by camera vibration in two adjacent frames of the picture. In addition, the present invention also considers calculating the flow field of multiple pictures in the image post-processing method, synthesizing the average flow field, and controlling the sum of the exposure time of multiple photos to be greater than 10 cycles of the inherent vibration frequency of the motor, thereby eliminating the error of shooting in a moving background environment.

[0030] 4. The purpose of using the particle image velocimetry system and the Doppler flowmeter to jointly measure the flow field is to ensure the accuracy of the calculated environmental flow field. The Doppler flowmeter is a point measurement, and the particle image velocimetry system can obtain the overall flow field information. If sediment particles with smaller particle sizes are added to the test, the mining vehicle will winch them when it moves, which will cause the tracer particles photographed by the high-speed camera to be mixed with fine sediment particles, resulting in inaccurate flow fields at the bottom of the flume measured by the particle image velocimetry system. At this time, the Doppler flowmeter is needed to jointly measure and verify the accuracy of the flow field. If sediment particles with larger particle sizes are added to the test or no sediment particles are added (only the disturbance of the mining vehicle movement to the environmental fluid is observed), then the particle image velocimetry system can be used to obtain more accurate global flow fields, vorticity fields, turbulent kinetic energy, etc.

[0031] 5. There are two main reasons for using hollow capillaries to connect and embed the mining vehicle model. On the one hand, the capillaries can ensure that the movement of the mining vehicle will not have a significant impact on the disturbance plume and the flow field of the environmental water body. On the other hand, the hollow structure design can not only observe the disturbance plume generated by the moving winch of the mining vehicle model alone, but also conduct preliminary tests for subsequent observations of the environmental disturbance plume caused by the moving winch of the mining vehicle model and the tailings fluid discharged by the hollow capillaries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Right view of .

[0034] Among them, 1. high-density solution water tank; 2. low-density solution water tank; 3. first agitator; 4. second agitator; 5. first peristaltic pump; 6. second peristaltic pump; 7. first connecting pipe; 8. first water outlet valve; 9. second water outlet valve; 10. second connecting pipe; 11. disc outflow device; 12. test water tank; 13. mining vehicle model; 14. disturbance plume; 15. sediment particles; 16. hard deep-sea terrain model; 17. hollow capillary; 18. first electric slide rail; 19. dual-axis controller; 20. fixed steel frame; 21. laser; 22. Doppler flowmeter; 23. turbidity meter; 24. high-speed camera; 25. second electric slide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an environmental disturbance plume experimental device for the movement of a deep-sea mining vehicle, including an environmental disturbance plume observation system, a stratified environmental water body generation device and a mining vehicle movement simulation system.

[0037] in:

[0038] The environmental disturbance plume observation system is composed of a fixed bracket 20, a laser 21, a high-speed camera 24, a Doppler flow meter 22, a turbidity meter 23, a second electric slide rail 25, and a high-performance computer.

[0039] The first electric slide rail 18, the dual-axis controller 19, the mining vehicle model 13, and the hollow capillary 17 together constitute a mining vehicle motion simulation system.

[0040] A stratified environmental water body generating device is composed of a high-density solution water tank 1, a low-density solution water tank 2, a first agitator 3, a second agitator 4, a first peristaltic pump 5, a second peristaltic pump 6, a first water outlet valve 8, a second water outlet valve 9, a first connecting pipe 7, a second connecting pipe 10 and a disc outflow device 11.

[0041] Furthermore, the low-density solution water tank 1 is provided with a first agitator 3, and the lower part is connected to a first peristaltic pump 5 with adjustable flow through a first water outlet pipe 7, and the fluid flows into the low-density solution water tank 2 through a first water outlet valve 8; the low-density solution water tank 2 is provided with a second agitator 4, and the lower part is connected to a second peristaltic pump 6 with adjustable flow through a second water outlet pipe 10, and the fluid flows out through the second water outlet valve 9 through the disc outflow device 11; the high-density solution water tank 1 and the low-density solution water tank 2 are used to prepare linear stratified water bodies that conform to the actual background environment of the ocean.

[0042] Furthermore, a hard deep-sea terrain model 16 and sediment particles 15 can be laid at the bottom of the test water tank 12, and the mining vehicle model 13 is connected by a hollow capillary 17, which is fixed on the first electric slide rail 18, and the biaxial controller 19 controls the first electric slide rail 18 and the second electric slide rail 25 together. The second electric slide rail 25 is equipped with a high-speed camera 24, the fixed steel frame 20 is equipped with a laser source 21 and a Doppler flowmeter 22, and the turbidity meter 23 is fixed on the sediment particle 15 layer. In the figure, the y direction is the horizontal direction, and the positive direction of the z axis is the vertical direction opposite to the direction of gravity acceleration.

[0043] Furthermore, the mining vehicle model 13 is connected to the first electric slide rail 18 and fixed through the hollow capillary 17, and the dual-axis controller 19 jointly controls the first electric slide rail 18 for simulating the motion of the mining vehicle and the second electric slide rail 25 for the environmental disturbance plume observation system to move synchronously. Different motion modes are set by the motor program to drive the mining vehicle to move to simulate the environmental disturbance plume process. The diffusion process and intensity of the disturbance plume are recorded by a high-speed camera 24, a turbidity meter 23, a Doppler flow meter 22, etc.

[0044] Preferably, the test water tank is made of a transparent acrylic plate with good light transmittance. The width of the mining vehicle model is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the width of the water tank. The length of the water tank is greater than 240 cm, the width is greater than 25 cm, and the height is greater than 50 cm.

[0045] Preferably, the hollow capillary tube is made of salt-resistant 316 stainless steel, the inner diameter of the nozzle is 5mm-9mm, and the outer diameter is not greater than 10mm.

[0046] Preferably, the hard deep-sea terrain model is made of ABS resin, and the particle size of the sediment is between 5-500 μm.

[0047] Preferably, the first and second electric slide rails should have multiple movement modes, and the movement speed should be within the range of 0-20 cm / s.

[0048] Preferably, the turbidity meters are fixed by a hard deep-sea terrain model and arranged in the transverse and longitudinal directions with the same spacing.

[0049] Preferably, the dimensionless parameter of the fluid dynamics of the disturbance plume is preferably a Froude number or a Richardson number.

[0050] Preferably, the laser uses a continuous wave yttrium aluminum garnet crystal (Nd:YAGLaser) laser source with a wavelength of 532nm and a power setting of 10.5W. A Powell prism with a refraction angle of 30° is placed at the laser source outlet. The laser is refracted by the prism to form a thin light surface of about 4mm thick. At the same time, the position is adjusted to ensure that the mining vehicle can pass through the laser surface completely when moving. The high-speed camera has an exposure time of 3000μs per frame, and the acquisition frame rate is controlled to be 100Hz. The shooting time of each group of high-speed cameras is 100s.

[0051] Preferably, the tracer particles of the experimental device are polystyrene with a particle size of 50 μm and a density of 1.04 g / cm 3 .

[0052] Accordingly, the experimental method for conducting an environmental disturbance plume of a deep-sea mining vehicle using the above device mainly includes the following steps:

[0053] a. Set up the deep sea real terrain environment.

[0054] First, a hard deep-sea terrain model 16 is placed at the bottom of the test tank 12, and sediment particles 15 are laid on top, a mining vehicle model 13 is placed on the sediment particles 15, and a hollow capillary 17 is fixed to the mining vehicle model 13. The specific seabed topography can refer to the seabed topographic map of the corresponding test area.

[0055] b. Build a mining vehicle motion simulation system.

[0056] The first electric slide rail 18 is mounted on the experimental water tank 12, and the hollow capillary 17 is connected to the first electric slide rail 18. The movement speed, movement direction, etc. of the first electric slide rail 18 are initially set using the dual-axis controller 19. The first electric slide rail 18 is powered on to move to determine the movement stability of the hollow capillary 17 and the mining vehicle model 13, and then the dual-axis controller 19 is turned off.

[0057] c. Build an environmental disturbance plume observation system.

[0058] A laser 21 is placed on the top of the fixed steel frame 20, a turbidity meter 23 is evenly arranged on the sediment particle layer, a Doppler flow meter 22 is fixed in the test water tank, a second electric slide 25 is built on the front, and a high-speed camera 24 is fixed on the second electric slide 25. The second electric slide 25 is controlled by a dual-axis controller 19, and power is turned on to ensure that the movement mode (movement speed, movement direction, etc.) of the second electric slide 25 is synchronized with the first electric slide 18.

[0059] d. Preparation of linear stratified water bodies.

[0060] Pour the colorless high-density solution and low-density solution with tracer particles into the high-density solution water tank 1 and the low-density solution water tank 2 respectively, turn on the first agitator 3 and the second agitator 4 to mix the solutions in the two tanks evenly, then open the first water outlet valve 8, the second water outlet valve 9, the first peristaltic pump 5 and the second peristaltic pump 6, set the flow rate of the second peristaltic pump 6 to twice that of the first peristaltic pump 5, so as to pump the high-density solution into the low-density solution water tank 2, and the mixed solution is fully stirred by the second agitator 4 and then pumped into the test water tank 12 to generate a linear stratification environment that conforms to the actual marine conditions.

[0061] e. Turn on the first electric slide 18, the second electric slide 25, the laser 21 and the high-speed camera 24, and after confirming that the movement mode is appropriate, start the dual-axis controller 19 to allow the hollow capillary 17 to drive the mining vehicle model 13 to move.

[0062] f. Use high-speed cameras 24, Doppler flowmeters 22 and turbidity meters 23 to record the process of disturbance plume hoisting and the mixing of disturbance and stratified water. By calibrating the actual size, using methods such as image cross-correlation, the vertical and lateral flow patterns, displacement distance, velocity field, and vorticity field of the disturbance plume can be quantitatively determined to determine the head position, head speed, turbidity, turbulent energy dissipation, etc. at different times, so as to quantitatively determine the key influencing factors of the disturbance plume (such as the moving speed, motion trajectory, sediment particle density and particle size of the mining vehicle, etc.) on the diffusion rate of the disturbance plume and the impact on environmental pollution.

[0063] g. Repeat the above experimental steps, change the movement speed and movement mode of the mining vehicle model 13, the stratification degree of the stratified water body, the particle size and density of the bottom sediment particles 15, etc. through the dual-axis controller 19, and repeat the above disturbance plume observation and quantitative analysis method to determine a more scientific and environmentally friendly mining method for the mining vehicle.

[0064] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion is characterized by: It includes an environmental disturbance plume observation system, a mining vehicle motion simulation system, and a stratified environmental water body generation device; The mining vehicle model in the mining vehicle motion simulation system is located in a test water tank, the bottom of which is paved with a hard deep-sea terrain model and sediment particles; the mining vehicle model moves on the sediment particles; The stratified environment water body generating device is used to prepare a linear stratified water body that conforms to the actual background environment of the ocean; The environmental disturbance plume observation system observes the disturbance plume generated by the winch when the mining vehicle model moves, or observes the environmental disturbance plume caused by the moving winch of the mining vehicle model and the tailings fluid discharged from the hollow capillary at the tail of the mining vehicle model; by calibrating the actual size, using image cross-correlation to quantitatively determine the vertical and lateral flow states, displacement distance, velocity field and vorticity field of the disturbance plume, so as to determine the head position, head speed, turbidity, and turbulent energy dissipation at different times, thereby quantitatively judging the key influencing factors of the disturbance plume on the diffusion rate of the disturbance plume and the impact on the environmental pollution situation.

2. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mining vehicle motion simulation system also includes a first electric slide rail, the mining vehicle model in the test water tank is connected to one end of the hollow capillary, and the other end of the hollow capillary is fixed on the first electric slide rail.

3. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The hollow capillary tube is made of salt-resistant 316 stainless steel, with an inner diameter of 5 mm-9 mm and an outer diameter of no more than 10 mm.

4. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The environmental disturbance plume observation system includes a laser, a high-speed camera, a Doppler flow meter and a turbidity meter; The laser source, Doppler flow meter and high-speed camera jointly measure the flow field and profile flow velocity of the environmental water body; The turbidity meters are evenly arranged in the test water tank and on both sides of the mining vehicle model, and are used to measure the turbidity of the disturbance plume at different times and locations; The high-speed camera is mounted on the second electric slide rail, and the second electric slide rail and the first electric slide rail are synchronously controlled by a dual-axis controller.

5. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second electric slide rail carries the high-speed camera via a shock-absorbing plate.

6. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for the motion of a deep-sea mining vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The hard deep-sea terrain model is made of ABS resin, and the particle size of the sediment is between 5-500 μm.

7. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exposure time of each frame of the high-speed camera in the environmental disturbance plume observation system is 3000 μs, the acquisition frame rate is 100 Hz, and the shooting time of each group of experiments with the high-speed camera is 100 s.

8. The environmental disturbance plume experimental device for deep-sea mining vehicle motion according to claim 7, characterized in that: The total exposure time experienced in taking multiple photos is controlled to be greater than 10 cycles of the inherent vibration frequency of the stepping motor in the second electric slide rail, thereby eliminating the error of shooting in a moving background environment.

9. A method for experimental environmental disturbance plume of deep sea mining vehicle motion, using the device described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step a. Set up the deep sea terrain environment A hard deep-sea terrain model is placed at the bottom of the test tank and sediment particles are laid on top; placing a mining vehicle model on sediment particles, and fixing the hollow capillary tube to the mining vehicle model; Step b. Build a mining vehicle motion simulation system The first electric slide rail is mounted on the test water tank, and the hollow capillary is connected to the first electric slide rail. The movement speed and movement direction of the first electric slide rail are initially set using a dual-axis controller. The first electric slide rail is powered on to move to determine the movement stability of the hollow capillary and the mining vehicle model, and then the dual-axis controller is turned off. Step c. Build an environmental disturbance plume observation system A laser was placed on top of a fixed steel frame, turbidity meters were evenly distributed on the sediment particle layer, and a Doppler flow meter was fixed in the test flume; A second electric slide is built on a side perpendicular to the first electric slide, and a high-speed camera is fixed on the second electric slide; the second electric slide is controlled by the dual-axis controller, and power is turned on to ensure that the movement of the second electric slide is synchronized with the first electric slide; Step d. Preparing a linear stratified water body; Step e. Turn on the first electric slide rail, the second electric slide rail, the laser and the high-speed camera, and after confirming that the movement mode is appropriate, start the dual-axis controller to allow the hollow capillary to drive the mining vehicle model to move; Step f. Using a high-speed camera, a Doppler flow meter and a turbidity meter to record the disturbance plume hoisting process and the mixing of the disturbance and the stratified water body; By calibrating the actual size, the image cross-correlation is used to quantitatively determine the vertical and lateral flow patterns, displacement distance, characteristic length, velocity field, vorticity field, and turbulent kinetic energy of the disturbance plume, so as to determine the head position, head speed, and turbidity at different times; thus, the key influencing factors of the disturbance plume on the diffusion rate of the disturbance plume and the impact on the environmental pollution are quantitatively determined; Step g. By changing the movement speed and movement mode of the mining vehicle model, the stratification degree of the stratified water body, the particle size and density of the bottom sediment particles through the dual-axis controller, repeating the disturbance plume observation and quantitative analysis, a more scientific and environmentally friendly mining method for the mining vehicle is determined.

Images