Imaging trace gather q-value compensation processing method, device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of imaging trace gather Q value compensation processing method, device, equipment and storage medium, imaging trace gather Q value compensation processing method includes the following steps: obtaining imaging trace gather;With Hamming window, the seismic signal in the imaging trace gather is windowed;The imaging trace gather is grouped according to offset distance, and the relative Q value of different offset distance group corresponding time window position relative to the minimum offset distance group is determined based on mean spectrum ratio method;Based on stable anti-Q filter, it is compensated by relative Q value division.It is compensated relatively to trace gather according to the spectrum consistency of trace gather, the disadvantages that the propagation law of seismic wave is not considered in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm are solved, by the present application, the co-phasing of imaging trace gather can be effectively improved, and since relative Q value is used, it will not cause significant reduction of signal-to-noise ratio, finally can effectively improve imaging effect, imaging result is stable, imaging resolution is higher, and compensation precision is also relatively good.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method and device, computer equipment and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In seismic exploration, the imaging gather Q value is a parameter representing the energy of the seismic signal, which is used to describe the degree of energy attenuation of the seismic wave during propagation. The Q value is related to the frequency of the seismic wave, and generally refers to the degree of energy attenuation of the seismic signal during propagation, that is, the loss rate of signal energy. The higher the Q value, the slower the attenuation of the seismic signal energy, and vice versa. In seismic exploration, the estimation and application of the Q value are of great significance to the processing and imaging of seismic signals. By analyzing and calculating the Q value of the seismic wave, the properties, structure and physical characteristics of the underground rock layer can be more accurately evaluated and predicted, providing important reference for geologists and petroleum engineers. Therefore, the estimation and processing of the imaging gather Q value is an important link in seismic exploration. Seismic imaging is to generate images using seismic wave data to reveal the information of the internal structure and dynamic system of the earth. The influence of the Q value also needs to be considered in the process of seismic imaging. The Q value is directly related to the degree of attenuation of the seismic wave in the earth medium, and the degree of attenuation directly affects the acquisition and processing of the seismic wave data, thereby affecting the quality and accuracy of the seismic imaging.

[0003] The underground medium generally has viscoelasticity, and if it is not effectively compensated, it will cause the resolution of seismic imaging to decrease. The current compensation methods are divided into three categories. The first category is to compensate for the seismic data before stacking. This method generally compensates for single seismic signals, and the compensation accuracy is generally low because the actual propagation path of the seismic wave is not considered. The second category is to compensate for the seismic wave energy during imaging. This method has high theoretical accuracy and considers the actual propagation of the seismic wave, but compensation in strong attenuation areas will cause unstable growth of noise, leading to unstable imaging and pollution of the overall imaging result. The third category is to directly compensate for the imaging stacked data after stacking. The compensation is relatively rough, significantly reduces the imaging resolution, and has low recognition. In other words, in the prior art, in order to eliminate the influence of the viscoelasticity of the underground medium, the compensation accuracy of the data is low, the imaging result is unstable and easy to be polluted, and the imaging resolution is low. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to improve the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gather, and to provide a compensation processing method, device, computer equipment and storage medium based on the Q value of the imaging gather, which has relatively high compensation accuracy, stable imaging result and high imaging resolution.

[0005] In a first aspect, the application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtaining an imaging gather;

[0007] Determining the size of a Hamming window, and performing windowing processing on the seismic signals in the imaging gather with the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signals;

[0008] Grouping the imaging gather by offset distance, taking the minimum offset distance group as a reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on a mean spectrum ratio method;

[0009] Based on stable inverse Q filtering, compensating the seismic signals of the corresponding time window of the seismic traces of the offset distance groups other than the minimum offset distance group by the relative Q value.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, after the step of compensating the seismic signals of the corresponding time window of the seismic traces of the offset distance groups other than the minimum offset distance group by the relative Q value based on stable inverse Q filtering, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method further comprises the following steps:

[0011] Compensating the seismic signals in different offset distance groups and different time windows in the imaging gather respectively;

[0012] Stacking all the compensated seismic trace gathers to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, when the imaging gather is grouped by offset distance, every 3 seismic signals is a group.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, in the step of grouping the imaging gather by offset distance, taking the minimum offset distance group as a reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on a mean spectrum ratio method, the formula of the mean spectrum ratio method is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] wherein, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset distance group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset distance group, is a constant, is the frequency, is the relative Q value of the corresponding offset distance group corresponding to the time window.

[0018] In one of the embodiments, in the step of compensating the seismic signals of the corresponding time window of the seismic trace of each of the groups of offset distances other than the group of minimum offset distance based on the stable inverse Q filtering by the relative Q value, the following formula is used for compensation:

[0019]

[0020] wherein, , is the compensated amplitude spectrum, is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, is a very small positive number, is the tuning frequency, which is the main frequency of the explosive source.

[0021] In the second aspect, the application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, comprising:

[0022] an acquisition module, configured to acquire an imaging gather;

[0023] a Hamming window processing module, configured to determine the size of a Hamming window, and perform windowing processing on the seismic signals in the imaging gather by using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signals;

[0024] a grouping and relative Q value determination module, configured to group the imaging gather according to offset distance, take the group of minimum offset distance as a reference group, and determine the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of each group of offset distance relative to the group of minimum offset distance based on the mean spectrum ratio method;

[0025] a compensation module, configured to compensate the seismic signals of the corresponding time window of the seismic trace of each of the groups of offset distances other than the group of minimum offset distance based on the stable inverse Q filtering by the relative Q value.

[0026] In one of the embodiments, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing device further comprises:

[0027] an imaging gather compensation module, configured to compensate the seismic signals in different groups of offset distance and different time windows in the imaging gather by the grouping and relative Q value determination module and the compensation module;

[0028] a stacking module, configured to stack all the compensated seismic gathers to obtain a compensated imaging result.

[0029] In the third aspect, the application provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method in any one of the above embodiments.

[0030] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0031] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method described above, by first performing windowing processing on the seismic signals of the imaging gather, performing smoothing weighting on the signals, so as to obtain more accurate frequency domain information, then grouping the imaging gather according to offset distance, and determining the relative Q value of the time window position corresponding to different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectral ratio method, then according to the determined relative Q value, based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the corresponding time window of the seismic traces of the offset distance groups other than the minimum offset distance group are compensated by the relative Q value, in this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, and the drawback that the seismic wave propagation law is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved, by the present application, the compensation of the seismic data can effectively improve the coherency of the imaging gather, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is also relatively good.

[0032] The present application improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation effect of the underground medium can cause the resolution of the seismic data to be reduced, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present application effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatic compensation of the seismic imaging gather, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0033] In other embodiments, the present application is directed to the compensation problem of viscous-attenuating medium. The method adopted is: based on the imaging gather obtained by conventional processing, a Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually 300ms, which is the most adaptive. The imaging gather is classified according to offset distance, every 3 traces are taken as a group, the minimum offset distance is taken as the reference group, the relative Q value corresponding to different offset distances is calculated by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time window of different offset distances is compensated based on stable inverse Q filtering. In this way, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are stacked to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0034] The present invention provides an automatic Q-value compensation method based on imaging gathers. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages: it solves the Q-value calculation problem in conventional methods, performs relative compensation on gathers based on their spectral consistency, and overcomes the drawback of traditional single-channel compensation algorithms that fail to consider the propagation laws of seismic waves. By compensating seismic data, the present invention can effectively improve the in-phase of imaging gathers. Moreover, because relative Q values ​​are used, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, ultimately effectively improving imaging effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A diagram showing the steps of a Q-value compensation processing method for imaging gathers according to an embodiment;

[0036] Figure 2-1 This is an analysis spectrum diagram of seismic gathers classified according to offset distance in a Q-value compensation processing method for imaging gathers according to one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2-2 1. An imaging gather after compensation and frequency spectra corresponding to different offset groups in an imaging gather Q-value compensation processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2-3 The imaging result after stacking of the imaging gathers before compensation in a Q-value compensation processing method of an imaging gather in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2-4 The imaging result after the compensated imaging gathers are stacked in a Q-value compensation processing method for an imaging gather in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a module structure diagram of an imaging gather Q-value compensation processing device according to one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] For the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the present application, and in order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and comprehensible, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the specific embodiments disclosed below are intended to be illustrative only and not restrictive of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for the purpose of description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included at least one of the features. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] In a first aspect, the present application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method. In one embodiment, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method comprises the following steps:

[0045] S110: acquiring an imaging gather;

[0046] A seismic imaging gather refers to a group of seismic records obtained after processing in seismic exploration. These records come from the same reflection point underground and have the same underground offset distance. By analyzing and processing these seismic records, information about the structure and physical properties of the underground strata can be obtained. In seismic exploration, multiple geophones are usually used to receive seismic waves from underground reflection points. Each geophone records a seismic trace, so the records of multiple geophones constitute a seismic imaging gather. By processing and interpreting these seismic records, information about the structure and physical properties of the underground strata can be obtained, providing important basis for the exploration and development of oil, gas and other resources. In this embodiment, the imaging gather can also be referred to as a seismic imaging gather. In this embodiment, the imaging gather used can be a conventional processing-based imaging gather. The imaging gather usually includes multiple seismic signals.

[0047] S120: determining the size of a Hamming window and performing windowing processing on the seismic signals in the imaging gather with the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signals;

[0048] In the embodiment, the seismic signals in the imaging gather are windowed by using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signals; the signals are smoothed and weighted by first windowing the seismic signals in the imaging gather, so that more accurate frequency domain information is obtained. It should be noted that the size of the Hamming window is usually determined according to the length of the signal and the required processing effect. When performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), due to the limited length of the signal, leakage phenomenon will occur on the spectrum. In order to reduce such leakage, the original signal can be windowed by using the Hamming window. Its main function is to smooth and weight the signal in the time domain, suppress the end point leakage of the signal, reduce the leakage of the signal in the FFT process, and thus obtain more accurate frequency domain information. In actual application, the size of the Hamming window can be selected according to specific requirements and signal characteristics. A common method is to set the length of the window function to half of the length of the original signal, which can effectively reduce the leakage and retain important characteristics of the signal. At the same time, the optimal window function size can also be determined through experiments and simulations.

[0049] In the embodiment, the Hamming window can be selected from top to bottom. In one of the embodiments, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms. In this way, the applicant has found that the adaptability is the best when the time window length is usually selected as 300 ms.

[0050] In the embodiment, for the specific process of windowing the seismic signals in the imaging gather based on the Hamming window, reference can be made to the prior art, which will not be described herein again.

[0051] S130: Grouping the imaging gather by offset distance, taking the minimum offset distance group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the time window position corresponding to different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectral ratio method;

[0052] In the embodiment, the imaging gather is grouped by offset distance, taking the minimum offset distance group as the reference group, and the relative Q value of the time window position corresponding to different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group is determined based on the mean spectral ratio method. Specifically, the imaging gather is grouped by offset distance, and the smallest one is the minimum offset distance group. Specifically, the offset distance grouping is performed according to certain offset distance ranges, such as 10 meters to 20 meters, 20 meters to 30 meters, 30 meters to 40 meters, etc., and the smallest one is the minimum offset distance group.

[0053] In one embodiment, when grouping the imaging gathers by offset, the seismic signals of the imaging gathers are grouped by every 3 traces. That is, when grouping the imaging gathers by offset, every 3 traces of seismic signals are a group. In this way, it is convenient to subsequently determine the relative Q value, and the relative Q value can be used to better compensate the signals of the corresponding offset group, to ensure the compensation accuracy and improve the subsequent resolution.

[0054] In the embodiment, the minimum offset group is taken as the reference group, and the relative Q value of different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group is determined by the mean spectral ratio method.

[0055] In one embodiment, in the step of grouping the imaging gathers by offset, taking the minimum offset group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, the formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] wherein, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset group, is a constant, is the frequency, is the relative Q value of the corresponding offset group corresponding to the time window. In this way, by using the formula of the mean spectral ratio method as above and solving the formula, , the relative Q value of different offset groups (k groups) relative to the minimum offset group can be better determined.

[0058] It should be noted that the mean spectral ratio method is a method in seismic exploration, which is used to estimate the depth of the underground reflection interface. The method is based on the spectral analysis of seismic signals, and uses the ratio of the average spectrum of the reflection wave group to the average spectrum of the adjacent wave group to estimate the depth of the reflection interface. The general steps are as follows: Fourier transform is performed on the seismic signals to obtain the frequency spectrum of the seismic signals. The frequency spectrum of the seismic signals is divided into several segments, each segment corresponding to a reflection wave group. The average spectrum of each reflection wave group is calculated. A reference wave group is selected, and the ratio of the average spectrum of other wave groups to the average spectrum of the reference wave group is calculated. The ratio and the depth of the reference wave group are used to estimate the depth of the reflection interface corresponding to other wave groups. In the embodiment, by grouping the imaging gathers by offset, taking the minimum offset group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, it is convenient to subsequently compensate the signals of the corresponding kth offset group based on the relative Q value, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of the underground medium due to viscoelasticity.

[0059] S140: Based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic trace of each offset group except the minimum offset group are compensated by the relative Q value.

[0060] In this embodiment, the relative Q value of the offset group of the kth group relative to the minimum offset group is obtained, and then based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic trace of each offset group except the minimum offset group are compensated by the relative Q value, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of the underground medium due to viscoelasticity. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gather is relatively compensated according to the spectral consistency of the gather, and the disadvantage that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data by using the relative Q value, the coherence of the imaging gather can be effectively improved, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good.

[0061] In this embodiment, the stable inverse Q filtering is a signal processing method in seismic exploration, which is used for compensating for large absorption attenuation. This method has high requirements in stability and effectiveness. The traditional gain-limited inverse Q filtering method may amplify the noise excessively when processing the seismic signal, while the stable inverse Q filtering can better restore the attenuated seismic signal and automatically limit the excessive amplification of the noise. The implementation process of the stable inverse Q filtering includes the following steps: first, selecting appropriate filter parameters according to the characteristics of the seismic signal; then, processing the seismic signal by using the filter; finally, the underground formation structure and physical property information can be obtained by analyzing the processed seismic signal. It should be noted that in the process of stable inverse Q filtering, the influence of noise and gain limiting factor on the filtering result should be considered and properly processed.

[0062] In one embodiment, in the step of compensating the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic trace of each offset group except the minimum offset group by the relative Q value based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the following formula is used for compensation:

[0063]

[0064] wherein, , is the compensated amplitude spectrum, is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, is a very small positive number, is the tuning frequency, which is the main frequency of the explosive source.

[0065] In the embodiment, by using the above formula based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic traces of the other offset distance groups except the minimum offset distance group are compensated by the relative Q value, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, the disadvantage that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved, the coherence of the imaging gather is effectively improved by the compensation of the seismic data, the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, the imaging effect is effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good.

[0066] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method first performs windowing processing on the seismic signals of the imaging gather, performs smooth weighting on the signals, so that more accurate frequency domain information is obtained, then groups the imaging gather according to offset distance, determines the relative Q value of the time window position corresponding to different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectrum ratio method, then compensates the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic traces of the other offset distance groups except the minimum offset distance group based on stable inverse Q filtering according to the determined relative Q value, in this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, the disadvantage that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved, the coherence of the imaging gather is effectively improved by the compensation of the seismic data, the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, the imaging effect is effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good.

[0067] It should be noted that, in the above embodiment, the seismic signals of a group (the kth group) of offset distance groups are compensated, in order to better compensate multiple offset distance groups and the entire seismic gather, in one of the embodiments, after the step of compensating the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic traces of the other offset distance groups except the minimum offset distance group based on stable inverse Q filtering by the relative Q value, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method further includes the following steps:

[0068] The seismic signals in different offset distance groups and different time windows in the imaging gather are compensated respectively;

[0069] The compensated seismic gathers are stacked to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0070] In this embodiment, the relative Q value of the seismic signal in different offset distance groups and different time windows relative to the minimum offset distance group needs to be determined respectively, and then the seismic signal of the corresponding offset distance group is compensated according to the relative Q value, so as to reduce or eliminate the influence caused by the viscoelasticity of the underground medium. Then, all the compensated seismic gathers are stacked, and the compensated imaging result can be obtained.

[0071] It should be noted that how to stack all the compensated seismic gathers to obtain the compensated imaging result, please refer to the prior art, and the present application will not be repeated here.

[0072] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method first performs windowing processing on the seismic signal of the imaging gather, performs smoothing weighting on the signal, so as to obtain more accurate frequency domain information, then groups the imaging gather according to offset distance, and determines the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectral ratio method, and then compensates the seismic signal of the corresponding time window of the seismic trace of the offset distance group other than the minimum offset distance group based on the stable inverse Q filtering according to the determined relative Q value. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, the drawbacks of not considering the seismic wave propagation rule in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm are solved, the coherency of the imaging gather is effectively improved by compensating the seismic data, the relative Q value is used, which does not cause significant reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio, and finally the imaging effect is effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good.

[0073] The present application improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the reduction of the resolution of the seismic data, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present application effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatic compensation of the seismic imaging gather, and provides strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0074] In other embodiments, the present application aims at the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation medium. The method adopted is: based on the imaging gather obtained by conventional processing, a Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the length of the time window is usually 300ms, which is the most adaptive. The imaging gather is classified according to offset distance, every 3 traces are taken as a group, the minimum offset distance is taken as the reference group, the relative Q value corresponding to different offset distances is calculated by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time window of different offset distances is compensated based on the stable inverse Q filtering. In this way, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are stacked to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0075] The application provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gathers. Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gathers are relatively compensated according to the spectral consistency of the gathers, meanwhile, the drawback that the seismic wave propagation law is not considered in the traditional single-gather compensation algorithm is solved, the compensation of the seismic data by the application can effectively improve the in-phase property of the imaging gathers, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved.

[0076] Embodiment 2

[0077] The application provides an imaging gather Q value adaptive compensation method, and the purpose of the application is to improve the resolution of seismic imaging by automatic Q value compensation of imaging gathers, and to provide higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of underground medium can cause the resolution of seismic data to be reduced, and the resolution of seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The application effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatic compensation of the seismic imaging gathers, and thus provides strong technical support for the subsequent work. The application is aimed at the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation medium. The method adopted is that: based on the imaging gathers obtained by conventional processing, a Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually 300 ms, which is the most adaptive. The imaging gathers are classified according to the offset, and every 3 gathers are taken as a group. The minimum offset is taken as the reference group, the relative Q value corresponding to different offsets is respectively calculated by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time window of different offsets is compensated based on the stable inverse Q filter. In this way, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are stacked to obtain the compensated imaging result. The embodiment is realized by the following process:

[0078] 1) The size of the Hamming window is determined, and the seismic signals of the seismic gather are selected. The application adopts a fixed time window length of 300 ms;

[0079] 2) The seismic gathers are grouped according to the offset, every 3 gathers are taken as a group, and the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different seismic gather groups is calculated according to the mean spectral ratio method. The formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] wherein, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset group, is a constant, is a frequency, is the relative Q value of the corresponding offset group corresponding to the time window.

[0082] 3) Compensate the signal of the time window corresponding to the seismic trace of other offset groups except the minimum offset group by relative Q value, and the compensation algorithm is:

[0083]

[0084] Wherein, , is the compensated amplitude spectrum, is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, is a very small positive number, is a tuning frequency, and is the main frequency of the explosive source.

[0085] 4) Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and different time windows, automatically compensate all seismic trace sets, and finally stack all seismic trace sets to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0086] The application provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on an imaging trace set. Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the trace set is compensated according to the spectral consistency of the trace set, the disadvantage that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved, the seismic data is compensated through the application, the in-phase property of the imaging trace set can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved.

[0087] Embodiment 3

[0088] The following gives an actual data test to verify the imaging trace set Q value compensation processing method provided in the application. Figures 2-1 to 2-4 As shown in the figure, it is a processing diagram of a specific imaging trace set data in the embodiment. Figure 2-1 It is an analysis spectrum diagram of the seismic trace set after offset classification in the imaging trace set Q value compensation processing method of an embodiment; Figure 2-2 It is the compensated imaging trace set and the spectrum diagram corresponding to different offset groups in the imaging trace set Q value compensation processing method of an embodiment; Figure 2-3 It is the imaging result after stacking of the imaging trace set before compensation in the imaging trace set Q value compensation processing method of an embodiment; Figure 2-4 It is the imaging result after stacking of the imaging trace set after compensation in the imaging trace set Q value compensation processing method of an embodiment;

[0089] As Figure 2-1 shown, the seismic trace set is obtained by using the conventional processing, and the spectra of near offset, middle offset and far offset are analyzed, and it is found that: from near offset to far offset, the main frequency gradually decreases, which conforms to the basic rule of seismic wave propagation.

[0090] As Figure 2-2As shown, after the seismic trace set is relatively compensated by the method, the spectrum of near, middle and far offset is analyzed, and it is found that the resolution of the compensated trace set is effectively improved, and the main frequency tends to be consistent.

[0091] As shown, the imaging result obtained by stacking the trace set before compensation. Figure 2-3

[0092] As shown, the imaging result obtained by stacking the trace set after compensation. Figure 2-4 Figure 2-3 After relative compensation, the resolution of seismic imaging is significantly improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio is slightly reduced, which is consistent with the cognition of conventional processing.

[0093] It is shown that the present application performs Q value adaptive compensation on the seismic trace set by an automatic Q value compensation method based on the imaging trace set, avoids the calculation of Q value, and avoids the unstable growth of noise caused by small Q value. It is proved by actual data that the present application can effectively improve the resolution of seismic data, and reasonable use can provide strong technical support for exploration and development.

[0094] Embodiment 4

[0095] In a second aspect, the present application provides an imaging trace set Q value compensation processing device, please refer to Figure 3 The imaging trace set Q value compensation processing device comprises:

[0096] An acquisition module is configured to acquire an imaging trace set.

[0097] A Hamming window processing module is configured to determine the size of a Hamming window, and perform windowing processing on the seismic signals in the imaging trace set by using the Hamming window, so as to smooth the seismic signals.

[0098] A grouping and relative Q value determination module is configured to group the imaging trace set according to offset distance, take the minimum offset distance group as a reference group, and determine the relative Q value of different offset distance groups corresponding to the time window position relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectrum ratio method.

[0099] A compensation module is configured to compensate the seismic signals of the seismic trace corresponding to the time window of the offset distance group other than the minimum offset distance group based on stable inverse Q filtering and the relative Q value.

[0100] ​​The imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, by comprising an acquisition module, a Hamming window processing module, a grouping and relative Q value determination module, and a compensation module, firstly performs window processing on the seismic signals of the imaging gather, performs smooth weighting on the signals, so as to obtain more accurate frequency domain information, then groups the imaging gather according to offset distances, and determines the relative Q values of the time window positions of different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectrum ratio method, and then compensates the seismic signals of the time window of each seismic trace of the offset distance groups except the minimum offset distance group based on the stable inverse Q filtering according to the determined relative Q values, so that the resolution of seismic imaging is improved through automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation is performed on the gather according to the spectral consistency of the gather, meanwhile, the drawback that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved, the coherency of the imaging gather is effectively improved through the compensation of the seismic data according to the present application, the relative Q value is used, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, finally, the imaging effect is effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good. The present application improves the resolution of seismic imaging through automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium can cause the reduction of the resolution of seismic data, the resolution of seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data, the present application effectively improves the quality of the seismic data through automatic compensation of the seismic imaging gather, and thus provides strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0101] In one embodiment, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms. According to the research of the applicant, it is found that the adaptability is the best when the time window length is usually selected as 300 ms.

[0102] In one embodiment, when the imaging gather is grouped according to offset distances in the grouping and relative Q value determination module, the seismic signals of the imaging gather are grouped as one group every 3 traces. That is to say, the seismic signals of every 3 traces are grouped as one group when the imaging gather is grouped according to offset distances. In this way, the relative Q value can be determined and the signal compensation of the corresponding offset distance group according to the relative Q value is facilitated, so that the compensation precision is ensured and the subsequent resolution is improved.

[0103] In one embodiment, the formula of the mean spectrum ratio method of the grouping and relative Q value determination module is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] wherein, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset distance group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset distance group, is a constant, is a frequency, is a relative Q value corresponding to a time window corresponding to a group of offset distances. Thus, by using the formula of the mean spectral ratio method as above and solving the formula , the relative Q value of different groups of offset distances (k groups) relative to the minimum group of offset distances can be determined well.

[0106] In one of the embodiments, the compensation module compensates using the following formula:

[0107]

[0108] wherein, , is the compensated amplitude spectrum, is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, is a very small positive number, is a tuning frequency, which is the main frequency of the explosive source.

[0109] In this embodiment, by using the formula above based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the seismic trace corresponding time window of other groups of offset distances except the minimum group of offset distances are compensated by the relative Q value, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, the drawbacks of not considering the seismic wave propagation law in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm are solved, the coherency of the imaging gather is effectively improved by the compensation of the seismic data, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, the imaging effect is effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0110] In one of the embodiments, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing device further comprises:

[0111] an imaging gather compensation module, configured to compensate the seismic signals in different groups of offset distances and different time windows in the imaging gather respectively by the grouping and relative Q value determination module and the compensation module;

[0112] a stacking module, configured to stack all the compensated seismic gathers to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0113] In this embodiment, the relative Q value of the seismic signals in different groups of offset distances and different time windows relative to the minimum group of offset distances is determined respectively, and then the seismic signals of the corresponding groups of offset distances are compensated according to the relative Q value, so as to reduce or eliminate the influence caused by the underground medium viscoelasticity. Then all the compensated seismic gathers are stacked, and the compensated imaging result can be obtained.

[0114] It should be noted that how to stack all the compensated seismic gathers to obtain the compensated imaging result, please refer to the prior art, and the present application will not be repeated here.

[0115] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, by comprising an acquisition module, a Hamming window processing module, a grouping and relative Q value determination module, and a compensation module, first performs windowing processing on the seismic signals of the imaging gather, performs smooth weighting on the signals, so as to obtain more accurate frequency domain information, then groups the imaging gather according to offset distance, and determines the relative Q value of the time window position of different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectral ratio method, and then compensates the seismic signals of the time window of the seismic trace of other offset distance groups except the minimum offset distance group based on the stable inverse Q filtering according to the determined relative Q value. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, the disadvantage of not considering the seismic wave propagation rule in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved, the coherence of the imaging gather is effectively improved by compensating the seismic data, the relative Q value is used, and the signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly reduced, the imaging effect is finally effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good. The resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, and higher quality seismic data is provided for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium can cause the resolution of the seismic data to be reduced, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The quality of the seismic data is effectively improved by automatic compensation of the seismic imaging gather, and strong technical support is provided for subsequent work.

[0116] Embodiment 5

[0117] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method as described in any one of the above embodiments when executing the program.

[0118] In one embodiment, the internal structure diagram of the computer device can be as shown in Figure 4As shown in the figure. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, a display screen and an input device connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium to run. The network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with the server through the network connection. The computer program is executed by the processor to implement an imaging trace set Q value compensation processing method. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device can be a touch layer overlaid on the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad arranged on the shell of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0119] Those skilled in the art can understand that, Figure 4 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of part of the structure related to the scheme of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the scheme of the present application is applied. The specific computer device can include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0120] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:

[0121] Obtaining an imaging trace set;

[0122] Determining the size of a Hamming window, and windowing the seismic signals in the imaging trace set with the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signals;

[0123] Grouping the imaging trace set by offset distance, taking the minimum offset distance group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the time window position corresponding to different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectral ratio method;

[0124] Based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic traces of the offset distance groups other than the minimum offset distance group are compensated by the relative Q value.

[0125] In one of the embodiments, after the step of compensating the seismic signals of the time window corresponding to the seismic traces of the offset distance groups other than the minimum offset distance group by the relative Q value based on stable inverse Q filtering, the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:

[0126] Compensate the seismic signals in different offset distance groups and different time windows in the imaging trace set respectively;

[0127] Stacking all compensated seismic gathers to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0128] In one embodiment, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms.

[0129] In one embodiment, when the imaging gathers are grouped by offset, each group contains 3 seismic signals.

[0130] In one embodiment, when the imaging gathers are grouped by offset, the minimum offset group is taken as the reference group, and the relative Q value of the time window position of each offset group relative to the minimum offset group is determined based on the mean spectral ratio method.

[0131]

[0132] wherein, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset group, is a constant, is the frequency, is the relative Q value of the time window corresponding to the offset group.

[0133] In one embodiment, in the step of compensating the seismic signals of the time window of the seismic trace of each offset group other than the minimum offset group based on the stable inverse Q filtering and the relative Q value, the following formula is used for compensation:

[0134]

[0135] wherein, , is the compensated amplitude spectrum, is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, is a very small positive number, is the tuning frequency, which is the main frequency of the explosive source.

[0136] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method and device, by first performing windowing processing on the seismic signal of the imaging gather, performing smooth weighting on the signal, so as to obtain more accurate frequency domain information, then grouping the imaging gather according to offset distance, and determining the relative Q value of the corresponding time window position of different offset distance groups relative to the minimum offset distance group based on the mean spectrum ratio method, and then based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signal of the corresponding time window of the seismic trace of other offset distance groups except the minimum offset distance group is compensated through the relative Q value. In this way, by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gather, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, and the disadvantage that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved. Through the compensation of the seismic data by the present application, the in-phase property of the imaging gather can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved. The imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good. The present application improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gather, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the resolution of the seismic data to decrease, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present application effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gather, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work. In other embodiments, the present application is aimed at the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation medium. The method adopted is: based on the imaging gather obtained by conventional processing, a Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually 300ms, which is the most adaptive. The imaging gather is classified according to offset distance, every 3 traces are taken as a group, the minimum offset distance is taken as the reference group, the relative Q value corresponding to different offset distances is calculated by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time window of different offset distances is compensated based on the stable inverse Q filtering. In this way, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are stacked to obtain the compensated imaging result. The present application provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gather. Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the relative compensation of the gather is performed according to the spectral consistency of the gather, and the disadvantage that the seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in the traditional single trace compensation algorithm is solved. Through the compensation of the seismic data by the present application, the in-phase property of the imaging gather can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved.

[0137] Example 6

[0138] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of the preceding embodiments.

[0139] It is understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing relevant hardware, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided by the present application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration but not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM) and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM) and the like.

[0140] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined in any way. In order to make the description simple, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described, however, as long as the combination of the technical features does not exist contradictory, it should be considered as the scope of the present application. It should be noted that the present application is intended to illustrate the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the patent protection of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A Q-value compensation processing method for imaging gathers, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtain imaging gathers; Determining the size of a Hamming window, and performing windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signal; The imaging gathers are grouped according to offset, with the minimum offset group being the reference group, and relative Q values ​​of time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on the mean spectral ratio method; Based on the stable inverse Q filter, the seismic signals of the corresponding time windows of the seismic traces of the offset groups except the minimum offset group are compensated by the relative Q value. The formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows: in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset group, is a constant, is the frequency, is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the offset groups other than the minimum offset group by relative Q values ​​based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method further comprises the following steps: Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows in the imaging gathers respectively; All compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging results.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300ms.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that When the imaging gathers are grouped according to offset, three seismic signals form a group.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that In the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the offset groups other than the minimum offset group in the corresponding time windows by using relative Q values ​​based on the stable inverse Q filter, the following formula is used for compensation: in, , is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, is a small positive number. It is the tuning frequency and the main frequency for selecting the explosive source.

6. An imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, characterized in that: include: Acquisition module, used to obtain imaging gathers; A Hamming window processing module, configured to determine the size of a Hamming window and perform windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signal; a grouping and relative Q value determination module, configured to group the imaging gathers by offset, use the minimum offset group as a reference group, and determine the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on a mean spectral ratio method; A compensation module is used to compensate the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the offset groups except the minimum offset group for the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the offset groups corresponding to the time windows by using relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering; The formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows: in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the kth offset group, is a constant, is the frequency, is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The imaging gather Q value compensation processing device further includes: An imaging gather compensation module is used to compensate seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows in the imaging gathers through grouping and relative Q value determination modules and compensation modules; The stacking module is used to stack all compensated seismic gathers to obtain compensated imaging results.

8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

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