Subway station spatial layout optimization method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit construction, and discloses a subway station spatial layout optimization method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining urban development planning and subway line network planning data, employing a passenger flow prediction algorithm, calculating long-term passenger flow data of different stations, and determining the scale grade of each station through a preset passenger flow threshold value; based on the scale level and the spatial layout of the stations, in combination with the functional positioning and transfer requirements of the stations, evaluating the layout schemes of station halls, stations, entrances and exits and channels by adopting an analogue simulation algorithm, and obtaining a layout scheme with the optimal passenger flow dispersion efficiency; according to the passenger flow volume change trend prediction data, elastic space analysis is carried out on the optimized layout scheme with the minimum occupied area and the lowest construction cost, the reserved space and the adjustable layout area of long-term reconstruction and extension of the station are determined, and an elastic space layout scheme is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transit construction, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing the spatial layout of a subway station. Background Art

[0002] The optimization of subway station spatial layout is a complex system project that requires comprehensive consideration of many factors. First, according to the urban development plan and subway network planning, the long-term passenger flow of different stations should be predicted, and the scale level of each station should be reasonably determined. Secondly, the geographical environment, surrounding building layout, road traffic organization and other factors of the station should be fully considered to coordinate the station layout with the urban spatial form. Thirdly, the functional positioning and connection and transfer needs of different stations should be taken into account, and the number and layout of station halls, platforms, entrances and exits, and passages should be optimized to improve the efficiency of passenger flow diversion. At the same time, the construction conditions such as the engineering geological conditions, construction difficulty, and investment scale of the station should also be considered. On the premise of meeting the use function, efforts should be made to save land area and reduce construction costs. Finally, the long-term renovation and expansion conditions of the station should be reserved to reserve flexible space to cope with changes in passenger flow. It can be seen that the optimization of subway station spatial layout involves multiple professional fields such as passenger flow forecasting, urban planning, traffic organization, architectural design, and engineering construction. It requires a lot of research and analysis, scheme comparison and repeated demonstration to find the optimal layout plan that takes into account safety, convenience, economy, scalability and other aspects, and provide a reliable spatial carrier for subway operation management. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a subway station spatial layout optimization method and system, which realizes the scientific, refined and dynamic optimization of the subway station spatial layout, and effectively improves the operation efficiency and service quality of the subway station.

[0004] The present invention also provides a method for optimizing the spatial layout of a subway station, the method comprising:

[0005] Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate long-term passenger flow data for different stations, and determine the scale level of each station by judging by preset passenger flow thresholds;

[0006] According to the scale and spatial layout of the station, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, a simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passage to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency;

[0007] According to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, the engineering geology and construction difficulty data of the station are obtained, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost is calculated through a multi-objective optimization algorithm while meeting the functional constraints;

[0008] Based on the passenger flow trend forecast data, a flexible space analysis is conducted on the optimized layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost, and the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion and reconstruction of the station are determined to form a flexible space layout plan;

[0009] Integrate the layout plans of each link to form an optimized spatial layout plan for the entire site.

[0010] Preferably, urban development planning and subway network planning data are obtained, and a passenger flow prediction algorithm is used to calculate the long-term passenger flow data of different stations. The scale level of each station is determined by judging by a preset passenger flow threshold, including:

[0011] Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, pre-process the planning data, and extract features related to passenger flow prediction;

[0012] According to the features related to passenger flow prediction, a passenger flow prediction model is established by using a time series prediction algorithm;

[0013] The passenger flow prediction model is applied to each subway station to predict the long-term passenger flow data of each subway station and obtain the predicted passenger flow of each station in different time periods in the future;

[0014] Based on the predicted passenger flow, the passenger flow level of each station in different time periods is determined by comparing it with the preset passenger flow threshold.

[0015] Preferably, the spatial layout determination method includes:

[0016] Step 1: According to the site scale, obtain the geographical environment, building layout and road traffic data around the site and build a three-dimensional space model;

[0017] Step 2: Based on the three-dimensional spatial model, the spatial analysis algorithm is used to calculate the coordination degree between the site layout and the urban spatial form to obtain the initial coordination degree value;

[0018] Step 3: Compare the initial coordination value with the preset threshold to determine whether the coordination requirement is met;

[0019] Step 4: If the initial coordination value is lower than the preset threshold, the site location or internal layout parameters that need to be adjusted are determined based on the spatial analysis results;

[0020] Step 5: Through the optimization algorithm, search for the optimal combination of site location and internal layout parameters to maximize the coordination value;

[0021] Step 6: According to the optimization results, adjust the site location or internal layout and update the 3D space model;

[0022] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 until the coordination value meets the preset threshold and determine the final site layout plan.

[0023] Preferably, according to the scale and spatial layout of the station, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, a simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passageway, and the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency is obtained, including:

[0024] Determine the functional positioning and transfer demand parameters of the station based on the station scale and spatial layout information;

[0025] The ant colony algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the station hall, platform, entrances and exits, and passages, and several candidate layout plans are obtained;

[0026] According to each candidate layout plan, the movement trajectory and guidance of passenger flow in the station are simulated by simulation algorithm to obtain the passenger flow guidance efficiency index;

[0027] Compare the passenger flow management efficiency indicators of each candidate layout plan and determine the layout plan with the best efficiency.

[0028] Preferably, according to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, the engineering geology and construction difficulty construction condition data of the station are obtained, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost is calculated through a multi-objective optimization algorithm while satisfying the functional constraints, including:

[0029] By analyzing and quantifying construction condition data such as engineering geology and construction difficulty, a construction condition evaluation model is established. Based on the construction condition evaluation model, the construction conditions of different layout plans are evaluated to obtain quantitative indicators of construction conditions for each layout plan.

[0030] According to the functional requirements, determine the various constraints that the layout plan needs to meet, including spatial layout constraints, traffic organization constraints, and equipment and facility configuration constraints, to form a set of layout plan constraints;

[0031] A multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the layout plan with the maximization of passenger flow efficiency and the minimization of construction cost as the optimization objectives and the minimization of floor space as the constraint condition, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest floor space and the lowest construction cost is obtained.

[0032] Preferably, according to the passenger flow change trend forecast data, a flexible space analysis is conducted on the optimized layout plan with the smallest floor space and the lowest construction cost, and the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion and reconstruction of the station are determined to form a flexible space layout plan including:

[0033] Based on passenger flow forecast data, flexible space analysis is performed on the selected layout plans with the smallest footprint and lowest construction cost;

[0034] Using simulation technology, a certain amount of flexibility is added to the layout plan to simulate the station operation under future passenger flow changes;

[0035] Determine the key areas in the layout plan through flexible space analysis;

[0036] Also identify non-critical areas in the layout;

[0037] Evaluate the results of the elastic space analysis and determine whether the elastic space of the current layout plan meets the needs of future site reconstruction and expansion by setting certain evaluation criteria. If not, further optimization of the layout is required.

[0038] Optimize the layout plan, reserve space in key areas, dynamically adjust the layout of non-key areas, and iterate and optimize multiple times until elastic requirements are met;

[0039] Integrate the optimized site layout plans to form a complete set of flexible space site layout plans.

[0040] Preferably, the layout plans of each link are comprehensively integrated to form a spatial layout optimization plan for the entire site, including:

[0041] Based on passenger flow forecast data and site surrounding environment information, an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to generate multiple site space layout plans that meet the constraints;

[0042] By building a three-dimensional model of the layout plan and using virtual reality technology, we simulated the evacuation effects under different passenger flow scenarios and evaluated the evacuation efficiency of each plan;

[0043] Based on the building information modeling technology, the building structure and equipment pipelines of each layout scheme are parametrically designed and linked with the cost database to estimate the construction cost of each scheme;

[0044] Taking into account multiple indicators such as traffic diversion efficiency, construction cost and land area, a comprehensive evaluation model for the layout plan is constructed, and a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal layout plan that balances various indicators.

[0045] The present invention also provides a subway station space layout optimization system, the system is used to implement any one of the methods described above, a passenger flow prediction and station scale determination module, a passenger flow diversion efficiency optimization module, a land occupation and cost optimization module, a flexible space layout module, and a comprehensive integration module;

[0046] The passenger flow prediction and site scale determination module is used to obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate long-term passenger flow data of different sites, and determine the scale level of each site by judging by preset passenger flow thresholds;

[0047] The passenger flow diversion efficiency optimization module is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passage according to the station scale level and spatial layout, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, using a simulation algorithm to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency;

[0048] The land occupation and cost optimization module is used to obtain the engineering geology and construction difficulty construction condition data of the station according to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, and calculate the optimized layout plan with the smallest land occupation and the lowest construction cost under the condition of satisfying the functional constraints through a multi-objective optimization algorithm;

[0049] The flexible space layout module is used to perform flexible space analysis on the optimized layout plan with the smallest floor space and the lowest construction cost according to the passenger flow change trend prediction data, determine the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future reconstruction and expansion of the station, and form a flexible space layout plan;

[0050] The comprehensive integration module is used to comprehensively integrate the layout plans of various links to form a spatial layout optimization plan for the entire site.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] The present invention discloses a method and system for optimizing the spatial layout of a subway station. The method determines the site scale level through a passenger flow prediction algorithm, uses a spatial analysis algorithm to evaluate the coordination between the site layout and the urban spatial form, uses a simulation algorithm to optimize the station layout to improve the efficiency of passenger flow diversion, and uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm to minimize the floor space and construction cost under the premise of meeting functional requirements. The present invention also takes into account future passenger flow changes and conducts flexible space analysis to reserve space for renovation and expansion. Finally, the present invention comprehensively integrates the optimization results of each link to form an overall optimization plan that takes into account passenger flow diversion efficiency, floor space, construction cost and flexible development. The plan is displayed through three-dimensional visualization technology and used to guide construction, and can also be continuously optimized and improved according to actual passenger flow data during the operation stage. The present invention realizes the scientific, refined and dynamic optimization of the spatial layout of subway stations, effectively improving the operating efficiency and service quality of subway stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0054] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the spatial layout of a subway station according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0057] First, some technical terms used in the present invention are explained:

[0058] The spatial layout of subway stations mainly involves the following aspects: 1 Passenger service facilities: including ticket offices, ticket gates, waiting areas, toilets, etc. The layout needs to consider the travel needs and convenience of passengers. 2 Station equipment: including power, lighting, ventilation, fire protection and other equipment, the layout needs to consider safety and energy saving needs. 3 Commercial facilities: such as convenience stores, fast food restaurants, cafes, etc., to meet the shopping and leisure needs of passengers. 4 Space composition: including operating space and passenger waiting space, the design should summarize the needs of different groups of people. 5 Streamline layout: according to market demand and operator requirements, it is divided into separate, central and mixed layouts to optimize passenger travel time. 6 Space integration and functional coordination: subway stations and various elements of the city are considered in a coordinated manner, and spatial integration, functional coordination, service integration and other methods are adopted to promote the close integration of rail transit and the city. The design of subway stations should not only meet the basic travel needs of passengers, but also pay attention to the comfort and psychological feelings of passengers, and improve the overall riding experience through reasonable space layout and facility configuration.

[0059] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0060] Embodiment 1

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for optimizing the spatial layout of a subway station, the method comprising:

[0062] Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate long-term passenger flow data for different stations, and determine the scale level of each station by judging by preset passenger flow thresholds;

[0063] According to the scale and spatial layout of the station, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, a simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passage to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency;

[0064] According to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, the engineering geology and construction difficulty data of the station are obtained, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost is calculated through a multi-objective optimization algorithm while meeting the functional constraints;

[0065] Based on the passenger flow trend forecast data, a flexible space analysis is conducted on the optimized layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost, and the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion and reconstruction of the station are determined to form a flexible space layout plan;

[0066] Integrate the layout plans of each link to form an optimized spatial layout plan for the entire site.

[0067] In this embodiment, the urban development plan and subway network planning data are obtained, and the passenger flow prediction algorithm is used to calculate the long-term passenger flow data of different stations. The scale level of each station is determined by judging by the preset passenger flow threshold, including:

[0068] Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, preprocess the planning data, and extract features related to passenger flow prediction. Based on the preprocessed planning data, use time series prediction algorithms, such as ARIMA model or LSTM neural network, to establish a passenger flow prediction model. Apply the passenger flow prediction model to each subway station to predict its long-term passenger flow data and obtain the predicted passenger flow of each station in different time periods in the future. According to the predicted passenger flow data, by comparing with the preset passenger flow threshold, the passenger flow level of each station in different time periods is determined. According to the passenger flow level of the station, combined with the urban development plan and subway network planning, the clustering algorithm is used to classify the station to obtain station groups of different scale levels. For station groups of different scale levels, formulate differentiated station planning strategies, such as large hub stations, medium-sized transfer stations, small ordinary stations, etc., to optimize the station layout. Generate a station planning plan report, including the scale level of each station, passenger flow forecast, layout optimization suggestions, etc., to provide decision support for urban subway planning and construction.

[0069] In this embodiment, the spatial layout determination method includes:

[0070] Step 1: According to the site scale, obtain the geographical environment, building layout and road traffic data around the site and build a three-dimensional space model;

[0071] Step 2: Based on the three-dimensional spatial model, the spatial analysis algorithm is used to calculate the coordination degree between the site layout and the urban spatial form to obtain the initial coordination degree value;

[0072] Step 3: Compare the initial coordination value with the preset threshold to determine whether the coordination requirement is met;

[0073] Step 4: If the initial coordination value is lower than the preset threshold, the site location or internal layout parameters that need to be adjusted are determined based on the spatial analysis results;

[0074] Step 5: Through the optimization algorithm, search for the optimal combination of site location and internal layout parameters to maximize the coordination value;

[0075] Step 6: According to the optimization results, adjust the site location or internal layout and update the 3D space model;

[0076] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 until the coordination value meets the preset threshold and determine the final site layout plan.

[0077] In this embodiment, according to the scale and spatial layout of the station, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, a simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the layout plans of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passageway, and the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency is obtained, including:

[0078] Determine the functional positioning and transfer demand parameters of the station based on the station scale and spatial layout information;

[0079] The ant colony algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the station hall, platform, entrances and exits, and passages, and several candidate layout plans are obtained;

[0080] According to each candidate layout plan, the movement trajectory and guidance of passenger flow in the station are simulated by simulation algorithm to obtain the passenger flow guidance efficiency index;

[0081] Compare the passenger flow management efficiency indicators of each candidate layout plan and determine the layout plan with the best efficiency.

[0082] Among them, the ant colony algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passage, and several candidate layout solutions are obtained, including:

[0083] According to the layout requirements of subway station halls, platforms, entrances and exits, and passages, the objective function and constraints of layout optimization are determined, and an improved ant colony algorithm model is constructed. For key parameters in the layout plan, such as passage width, entrance and exit location, a reasonable value range is set as the decision variable of the ant colony algorithm. A certain number of ant colony individuals are randomly generated, and each individual represents a feasible layout plan. The position information of the individual represents the value of the layout parameter. According to the objective function value of the layout plan, the fitness of each ant colony individual is calculated. The higher the fitness, the better the comprehensive evaluation index of the layout plan. Through the pheromone update and path selection mechanism of the ant colony algorithm, the ant colony individuals move towards the layout plan with high fitness, and the layout parameters are continuously optimized. It is judged whether the convergence conditions of the ant colony algorithm are met. If so, the current optimal layout plan is output; if not, iterative optimization continues until the maximum number of iterations is reached. Evaluate and compare the multiple candidate layout plans obtained by the ant colony algorithm, and comprehensively consider factors such as passenger travel efficiency and transfer convenience to select the optimal layout plan as the final plan.

[0084] Specifically, the specific process of the improved ant colony algorithm model is as follows: (I) Initialize the grid, including the starting point, target point, obstacles, etc., and set the pheromone concentration within a certain range; (II) Put m ants into n elements; (III) Select the next grid to go according to the transfer probability; (IV) Select the route of the only ant as the best path and update the taboo table; (V) Update the formula according to the new pheromone concentration; (VI) Determine whether the maximum number of iterations has been reached. If so, output the optimal result; if not, adaptively adjust the pheromone concentration and return.

[0085] In addition, in order to change the shortcoming of decreased convergence speed that may be caused by a wide distribution of solutions, the present invention adaptively adjusts the pheromone volatilization rate. The specific algorithm is as follows: (I) After each cycle is completed, the best solution that needs to be retained is confirmed; (II) The pheromone volatilization rate ρ value is adjusted in an adaptive manner. Pheromone volatilization will cause the concentration of undetected pheromones to drop to 0, thereby weakening the algorithm's exploration efficiency in the entire search domain; setting the ρ value too high will cause the previously explored solutions to be repeatedly selected, and at the same time will weaken the global search performance. Although the intensity of the global search can be improved by reducing the ρ value, it will also slow down the convergence process of the algorithm. Based on this, the present invention adjusts the ρ value according to the actual situation, that is, the initial ρ value is set to 1. If the algorithm does not significantly improve the optimization of the optimal solution after multiple rounds of iterations, the ρ value is appropriately lowered:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, ρ min is a lower bound for the parameter ρ.

[0088] In this embodiment, according to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, the engineering geology and construction difficulty construction condition data of the station are obtained, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest floor area and the lowest construction cost is calculated by a multi-objective optimization algorithm while satisfying the functional constraints. The plan includes:

[0089] According to the relationship between passenger flow diversion efficiency and layout scheme, a passenger flow diversion efficiency evaluation model is established. The simulation method is used to evaluate and compare the passenger flow diversion efficiency of different layout schemes, and the layout scheme with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency is obtained. Through the analysis and quantification of construction condition data such as engineering geology and construction difficulty, a construction condition evaluation model is established to evaluate the construction conditions of different layout schemes and obtain the quantitative indicators of construction conditions of each layout scheme. According to the functional requirements, the various constraints that the layout scheme needs to meet are determined, including spatial layout constraints, traffic organization constraints, equipment and facility configuration constraints, etc., to form a set of layout scheme constraint conditions. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is used, with the maximization of passenger flow diversion efficiency and the minimization of construction cost as the optimization goals, and the minimization of floor space as the constraint condition, to solve the layout scheme with multi-objective optimization, and obtain the optimized layout scheme with the smallest floor space and the lowest construction cost. Through the three-dimensional visualization design of the plane layout, spatial layout, traffic organization, etc. of the optimized layout scheme, a three-dimensional model of the optimized layout scheme is generated, and the optimized layout scheme is intuitively displayed and analyzed. Using simulation technology, we simulated the passenger flow diversion of the optimized layout plan, analyzed the passenger flow diversion effect under the optimized layout plan, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimized layout plan. Taking into account multiple factors such as passenger flow diversion efficiency, construction conditions, floor space, and construction costs, we comprehensively evaluated the optimized layout plan, determined the final site layout plan, and guided the planning, design, and construction implementation of the site.

[0090] Among them, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used, with the optimization objectives of maximizing passenger flow efficiency and minimizing construction costs, and the constraint condition of minimizing the floor area. The layout plan is optimized for multiple objectives, and the optimized layout plan with the smallest floor area and the lowest construction cost is obtained, including:

[0091] According to multiple optimization objectives such as passenger flow diversion efficiency, construction cost and floor area, a multi-objective optimization model is established, and the key parameters of the layout plan are used as decision variables to form a mathematical model for optimization solution. The simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization model. By setting parameters such as initial temperature and cooling coefficient, the convergence speed and global search ability of the algorithm are controlled to avoid the algorithm falling into the local optimum. In the iterative process of the simulated annealing algorithm, the weight coefficients of each optimization objective are dynamically adjusted according to the current temperature, so that the algorithm focuses on different optimization objectives at different stages, improving the efficiency and quality of the optimization solution. The penalty function is introduced to integrate the constraint condition of minimizing the floor area into the objective function. When the layout plan exceeds the constraint condition, the objective function value is penalized so that the algorithm automatically meets the constraint condition during the search process. In each iteration of the simulated annealing algorithm, the key parameters of the layout plan are perturbed to generate a new layout plan, and its comprehensive evaluation value under multiple optimization objectives is calculated as the basis for the algorithm to accept the new solution. When the simulated annealing algorithm reaches the termination condition, the current optimal layout plan is output as the result of multi-objective optimization. This plan achieves a balance between maximizing passenger flow diversion efficiency and minimizing construction costs while satisfying the constraint of minimizing the floor space. The layout plan obtained by multi-objective optimization is evaluated, and its passenger flow diversion effect and construction cost in actual application are analyzed through simulation and other methods. The layout plan is further revised and improved based on the evaluation results to obtain the final optimized layout plan.

[0092] Specifically, the present invention establishes a multi-objective optimization model through the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm based on the back propagation neural network. The data processing flow under this model is as follows: (1) Select the optimization target variable and determine the optimization strategy; (2) Determine the value range of the variable; (3) Determine the number of iterations and the population size, and generate the population O; (4) Encode the individuals in the population, and calculate the individual fitness through the back propagation neural network prediction model; (5) Transfer the individuals that meet the fitness requirements to the next generation population A, so as to perform crossover and mutation processing on them and then generate a new population B and re-evaluate its fitness until the preset number of iterations is reached, and finally the optimal solution set is obtained.

[0093]

[0094] Among them, T is the current temperature, X is the passenger flow diversion efficiency, and Y is in is the construction cost, Z in is the floor area, Z out is the minimum floor space, Y out For the lowest construction cost.

[0095] In this embodiment, based on the passenger flow change trend forecast data, a flexible space analysis is performed on the optimized layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost, and the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion and reconstruction of the station are determined to form a flexible space layout plan including:

[0096] Obtain historical passenger flow data and related influencing factors, use time series prediction algorithm to establish passenger flow prediction model, and obtain passenger flow change trend prediction data in the future. For each candidate site layout plan, calculate its floor area through CAD software, and obtain the estimated construction cost of each plan according to the construction cost estimation model, and select the layout plan with the smallest floor area and the lowest construction cost. According to the passenger flow prediction data, perform elastic space analysis on the selected site layout plan. Use simulation technology to add a certain elastic space to the layout plan to simulate the site operation under the condition of future passenger flow changes. Through elastic space analysis, determine the key areas in the layout plan, which need to reserve enough space in the future to meet the needs of site expansion. At the same time, determine the non-critical areas in the layout as adjustable layout areas when the passenger flow changes in the future. Evaluate the results of the elastic space analysis, and by setting certain evaluation criteria, judge whether the elastic space of the current layout plan meets the needs of future site renovation and expansion. If not, further optimize the layout. Optimize the layout plan, reserve more space in key areas, dynamically adjust the layout of non-critical areas, and iterate optimization multiple times until the elastic needs are met. In this process, it is necessary to take into account the reasonable layout of each functional area of ​​the site to ensure that the optimized layout plan is scientific and reasonable. The optimized site layout plan is integrated to form a complete set of flexible space site layout plans. On the basis of meeting the current passenger flow demand, this plan reserves sufficient flexible space for future site expansion and reconstruction, and can adapt to the dynamic changes in passenger flow.

[0097] In this embodiment, the layout plans of each link are comprehensively integrated to form a spatial layout optimization plan for the entire site, including:

[0098] Based on passenger flow forecast data and site surrounding environment information, an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to generate multiple site space layout plans that meet the constraints;

[0099] By building a three-dimensional model of the layout plan and using virtual reality technology, we simulated the evacuation effects under different passenger flow scenarios and evaluated the evacuation efficiency of each plan;

[0100] Based on the building information modeling technology, the building structure and equipment pipelines of each layout scheme are parametrically designed and linked with the cost database to estimate the construction cost of each scheme;

[0101] Taking into account multiple indicators such as traffic diversion efficiency, construction cost and land area, a comprehensive evaluation model for the layout plan is constructed, and a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal layout plan that balances various indicators.

[0102] Among them, the optimal layout plan is designed in detail, and through parametric modeling technology, multiple alternative spatial forms can be generated with one click to improve the flexibility and adaptability of the plan. The detailed design plan is converted into a three-dimensional visualization model, and combined with virtual reality, augmented reality and other technical means to generate an immersive plan display effect, which is convenient for all parties to understand and review. Using simulation analysis technology, the plan's passenger flow diversion, disaster prevention and risk avoidance, equipment operation and maintenance are simulated and analyzed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the plan, and targeted optimization of weak links.

[0103] Embodiment 2

[0104] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiments and methods, the present invention further provides a subway station space layout optimization system, the system is used to implement any of the methods described, a passenger flow prediction and station scale determination module, a passenger flow diversion efficiency optimization module, a land occupation and cost optimization module, a flexible space layout module, and a comprehensive integration module;

[0105] The passenger flow prediction and station scale determination module is used to obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate the long-term passenger flow data of different stations, and determine the scale level of each station by judging by the preset passenger flow threshold;

[0106] The passenger flow management efficiency optimization module is used to evaluate the layout of station halls, platforms, entrances and exits, and passages based on the station scale and spatial layout, combined with the station's functional positioning and transfer needs, using simulation algorithms to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow management efficiency.

[0107] The land occupation and cost optimization module is used to obtain the engineering geology and construction difficulty data of the station according to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency. Through the multi-objective optimization algorithm, it calculates the optimal layout plan with the smallest land occupation and the lowest construction cost while meeting the functional constraints.

[0108] The flexible space layout module is used to perform flexible space analysis on the optimized layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost based on the passenger flow trend forecast data, determine the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion and reconstruction of the station, and form a flexible space layout plan;

[0109] The comprehensive integration module is used to integrate the layout plans of each link to form a spatial layout optimization plan for the entire site.

[0110] The embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the spatial layout of a subway station, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate long-term passenger flow data for different stations, and determine the scale level of each station by judging by preset passenger flow thresholds; According to the scale and spatial layout of the station, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, a simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passage to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency; According to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, the engineering geology and construction difficulty data of the station are obtained, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost is calculated through a multi-objective optimization algorithm while meeting the functional constraints; Based on the passenger flow trend forecast data, a flexible space analysis is conducted on the optimized layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost, and the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion and reconstruction of the station are determined to form a flexible space layout plan; Integrate the layout plans of each link to form an optimized spatial layout plan for the entire site.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate long-term passenger flow data for different stations, and determine the scale level of each station by pre-setting passenger flow thresholds, including: Obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, pre-process the planning data, and extract features related to passenger flow prediction; According to the features related to passenger flow prediction, a passenger flow prediction model is established by using a time series prediction algorithm; The passenger flow prediction model is applied to each subway station to predict the long-term passenger flow data of each subway station and obtain the predicted passenger flow of each station in different time periods in the future; Based on the predicted passenger flow, the passenger flow level of each station in different time periods is determined by comparing it with the preset passenger flow threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spatial layout determination method comprises: Step 1: According to the site scale, obtain the geographical environment, building layout and road traffic data around the site and build a three-dimensional space model; Step 2: Based on the three-dimensional spatial model, the spatial analysis algorithm is used to calculate the coordination degree between the site layout and the urban spatial form to obtain the initial coordination degree value; Step 3: Compare the initial coordination value with the preset threshold to determine whether the coordination requirement is met; Step 4: If the initial coordination value is lower than the preset threshold, the site location or internal layout parameters that need to be adjusted are determined based on the spatial analysis results; Step 5: Through the optimization algorithm, search for the optimal combination of site location and internal layout parameters to maximize the coordination value; Step 6: According to the optimization results, adjust the site location or internal layout and update the 3D space model; Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 until the coordination value meets the preset threshold and determine the final site layout plan.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the scale and spatial layout of the station, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, a simulation algorithm is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passageway to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, including: Determine the functional positioning and transfer demand parameters of the station based on the station scale and spatial layout information; The ant colony algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the station hall, platform, entrances and exits, and passages, and several candidate layout plans are obtained; According to each candidate layout plan, the movement trajectory and guidance of passenger flow in the station are simulated by simulation algorithm to obtain the passenger flow guidance efficiency index; Compare the passenger flow management efficiency indicators of each candidate layout plan and determine the layout plan with the best efficiency.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, the engineering geology and construction difficulty data of the station are obtained. Through the multi-objective optimization algorithm, the optimal layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost is calculated under the condition of satisfying the functional constraints. The following are included: By analyzing and quantifying construction condition data such as engineering geology and construction difficulty, a construction condition evaluation model is established. Based on the construction condition evaluation model, the construction conditions of different layout plans are evaluated to obtain quantitative indicators of construction conditions for each layout plan. According to the functional requirements, determine the various constraints that the layout plan needs to meet, including spatial layout constraints, traffic organization constraints, and equipment and facility configuration constraints, to form a set of layout plan constraints; A multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the layout plan with the maximization of passenger flow efficiency and the minimization of construction cost as the optimization objectives and the minimization of floor space as the constraint condition, and the optimal layout plan with the smallest floor space and the lowest construction cost is obtained.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the passenger flow trend forecast data, a flexible space analysis is conducted on the optimized layout plan with the smallest footprint and the lowest construction cost to determine the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future expansion of the station, forming a flexible space layout plan including: Based on passenger flow forecast data, flexible space analysis is performed on the selected layout plans with the smallest footprint and lowest construction cost; Using simulation technology, a certain amount of flexibility is added to the layout plan to simulate the station operation under future passenger flow changes; Determine the key areas in the layout plan through flexible space analysis; Also identify non-critical areas in the layout; Evaluate the results of the elastic space analysis and determine whether the elastic space of the current layout plan meets the needs of future site reconstruction and expansion by setting certain evaluation criteria. If not, further optimization of the layout is required. Optimize the layout plan, reserve space in key areas, dynamically adjust the layout of non-key areas, and iterate and optimize multiple times until elastic requirements are met; Integrate the optimized site layout plans to form a complete set of flexible space site layout plans.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The layout plans of each link are integrated to form the spatial layout optimization plan of the whole site, including: Based on passenger flow forecast data and site surrounding environment information, an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to generate multiple site space layout plans that meet the constraints; By building a three-dimensional model of the layout plan and using virtual reality technology, we simulated the evacuation effects under different passenger flow scenarios and evaluated the evacuation efficiency of each plan; Based on the building information modeling technology, the building structure and equipment pipelines of each layout scheme are parametrically designed and linked with the cost database to estimate the construction cost of each scheme; Taking into account multiple indicators such as traffic diversion efficiency, construction cost and land area, a comprehensive evaluation model for the layout plan is constructed, and a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal layout plan that balances various indicators.

8. A subway station spatial layout optimization system, the system is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Passenger flow prediction and site scale determination module, passenger flow diversion efficiency optimization module, land occupation and cost optimization module, flexible space layout module, comprehensive integration module; The passenger flow prediction and site scale determination module is used to obtain urban development planning and subway network planning data, use passenger flow prediction algorithms to calculate long-term passenger flow data of different sites, and determine the scale level of each site by judging by preset passenger flow thresholds; The passenger flow diversion efficiency optimization module is used to evaluate the layout of the station hall, platform, entrance and exit, and passage according to the station scale level and spatial layout, combined with the functional positioning and transfer needs of the station, using a simulation algorithm to obtain the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency; The land occupation and cost optimization module is used to obtain the engineering geology and construction difficulty construction condition data of the station according to the layout plan with the best passenger flow diversion efficiency, and calculate the optimized layout plan with the smallest land occupation and the lowest construction cost under the condition of satisfying the functional constraints through a multi-objective optimization algorithm; The flexible space layout module is used to perform flexible space analysis on the optimized layout plan with the smallest floor space and the lowest construction cost according to the passenger flow change trend prediction data, determine the reserved space and adjustable layout area for the future reconstruction and expansion of the station, and form a flexible space layout plan; The comprehensive integration module is used to comprehensively integrate the layout plans of various links to form a spatial layout optimization plan for the entire site.

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