Green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter element extension model

Abstract

The invention relates to a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on a matter-element extension model, and the method comprises the steps: determining a criterion layer of the evaluation index elements of a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system through determining the evaluation dimension of a green building evaluation index system and combining the evaluation elements of the green building evaluation index systems of America and British; determining a first-level index layer and a second-level index layer of the evaluation index element of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system according to the criterion layer of the evaluation index element, and forming the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system; designing an AHP-entropy weight method according to an AHP method and an entropy weight method, and determining a combined weight of each green building evaluation index element; and finally, establishing a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on a matter-element extension evaluation model, and determining a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade. According to the invention, the comprehensive benefit grade of the green building can be quantified, and the accuracy and reliability of the comprehensive benefit evaluation result of the green building can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on a matter-element extension model, and belongs to the technical field of green building comprehensive benefit evaluation. Background Art

[0002] As global awareness of environmental protection increases, green buildings have become a key development direction in the modern construction industry and have won wide attention around the world. Its goal is sustainable development, aiming to reduce adverse impacts on the environment and improve resource efficiency. By adopting technical measures such as environmental protection, energy conservation and resource recycling, green buildings achieve the dual benefits of ecological compatibility and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0003] Following the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development, the construction industry in most regions is currently actively adopting energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials. This practice helps to reduce the negative impact on the natural environment and improve the overall quality of construction projects. In current practice, the field of energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials mainly includes the efficient use of resources and the adoption of innovative processes, technologies and materials. It is in line with the country's strategic needs for energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development. Since the beginning of the promotion of the concept of green buildings in China, relevant government departments have introduced a series of policies and measures to promote the sustainable development of this field. In addition, China has also established a complete green building evaluation and labeling mechanism, which provides clear standards for the evaluation of green buildings and encourages the participation and construction of more projects.

[0004] Although the development of green buildings in China has made significant progress, there are still many challenges. For example, the concept and practice of green buildings have not been widely disseminated, resulting in a lack of sufficient understanding among the public and some enterprises. The uneven economic development between regions and the imbalance of market information have also hindered the popularization of green buildings across the country. In addition, some construction industry companies have reservations about the high initial investment without fully realizing the long-term economic, environmental and social benefits of green buildings, which has inhibited the active adoption of green building technologies. At the same time, existing research mainly focuses on exploring the positive impact of green buildings on the environment, and the analysis of their comprehensive benefits in the social and economic fields is relatively scarce, lacking a comprehensive evaluation mechanism to measure their multi-dimensional value. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on the matter-element extension model, which can quantify the comprehensive benefit level of green buildings and improve the accuracy and reliability of the comprehensive benefit evaluation results of green buildings.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a technical solution: a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Determine the evaluation dimensions of the green building evaluation index system, including building energy conservation, effective land use, reasonable water resource consumption, economical use of building materials and environmental protection, referred to as "four savings and one environmental protection";

[0008] S2. According to the five evaluation dimensions determined in step S1, the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system is determined in combination with the evaluation elements of the green building evaluation index system of the United States and the United Kingdom, including economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits; then, according to the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements, data of green buildings are collected from the three aspects of economy, environment and society, and the first-level index layer and the second-level index layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system are determined to form a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system;

[0009] S3. Design the AHP-entropy weight method based on the AHP method and the entropy weight method, and then use the AHP-entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each green building evaluation index element;

[0010] S4. According to the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system, the physical element extension model is used as the evaluation tool, the comprehensive benefit of green buildings is defined as the core physical element, and its economic, environmental and social benefits are defined as sub-physical elements. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade standard is set, and a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on the physical element extension evaluation model is established. Then, the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade is determined through the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model.

[0011] Further improvements to the above technical solution are:

[0012] The building energy conservation, effective land use, reasonable water resource consumption, economical use of building materials and environmental protection in step S1 are as follows:

[0013] (1) The purpose of building energy conservation is to reduce the energy demand of buildings, reduce the adverse impact on the environment, and achieve the effect of saving energy costs; the measures mainly include the use of high-efficiency insulation materials, optimizing the building layout to maximize the use of natural light and ventilation, introducing efficient HVAC systems, and using renewable energy;

[0014] (2) Effective land use, i.e. land conservation in construction, promotes efficient and rational land use through land resource management; protects and conserves land resources while ensuring that the basic requirements of human habitation and work are met;

[0015] (3) Reasonable consumption of water resources, namely building water conservation, aims to reduce the pollution caused by buildings in the use of water resources, protect water resources, and reduce water resource costs; the main methods include adopting water-saving equipment and technology, optimizing the use of water resources, reducing water waste, and collecting and reusing rainwater;

[0016] (4) Efficient use of building materials, i.e., saving materials in construction, including using renewable materials, optimizing design to reduce material waste, and actively promoting recycling and reuse;

[0017] (5) The objectives of environmental protection include reducing the release of pollutants, ensuring the health of ecosystems, promoting the sustainable use of resources, and improving the overall quality of the environment.

[0018] The evaluation factors of the green building evaluation index system of the United States and the United Kingdom in step S2 are specifically:

[0019] (1) The LEED rating system in the United States, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a green building certification program launched by the U.S. Green Building Council. It includes six products: New Construction (LEED-NC), Operation and Maintenance (LEED-EB), Interior Decoration (LEED-CI), Co-development (LEED-CS), Residential (LEED-H) and Community Development (LEED-ND). It covers the evaluation index elements of energy conservation, use of renewable energy, efficient use of water resources, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, improvement of indoor environmental quality, resource recycling and use of environmentally sensitive land;

[0020] (2) The UK BREEAM rating system determines the sustainability level of a building by evaluating its design, construction, use and management, covering such evaluation indicators as energy use, water resource management, material selection, health and comfort, sewage treatment, transportation, land use and ecosystem protection;

[0021] In step S2, the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system is divided into four index levels: target level, criterion level, primary index level and secondary index level; the target level is the comprehensive benefit of green buildings, and the benchmark level of the target level is the economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit;

[0022] (1) The first-level indicator layer of economic benefits is energy-saving benefits, water-saving benefits and material-saving benefits; the second-level indicator layer of energy-saving benefits is high-performance building envelopes, high-efficiency equipment and systems, and the use of renewable energy; the second-level indicator layer of water-saving benefits is water-saving appliances and equipment and the use of non-traditional water sources; the second-level indicator layer of material-saving benefits is local materials and high-performance materials;

[0023] (2) The first-level indicators of environmental benefits are pollutant reduction, health benefits and building life extension benefits; the second-level indicators of pollutant reduction are CO2 reduction and sewage treatment; the second-level indicators of health benefits are building greening rate, green building materials and resident health; the second-level indicators of material saving benefits and building life extension benefits are building maintenance costs and outdoor environmental quality;

[0024] (3) The first-level indicator level of social benefits is regional economic growth benefits and residents’ livable welfare; the second-level indicator level of regional economic growth benefits is the increase in the driving rate of related industries and the saving of fiscal expenditure; the second-level indicator level of residents’ livable welfare is the residents’ annual income level and the improvement of work efficiency; the second-level indicator level of material saving benefits and building life extension benefits is the maintenance cost of buildings and the quality of the outdoor environment.

[0025] The specific steps for determining the combined weights of various green building evaluation index elements in step S3 are as follows:

[0026] (1) The weight w1 obtained by the AHP method and the weight w2 obtained by the entropy weight method are used to construct a vector set w = {w1, w2} consisting of two weights. All linear combinations of this vector set are expressed as:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, λ i For this vector set of linear combination coefficients, λ i >0, i=1,2;

[0029] (2) Find a set of λ based on game theory i Make i The deviation from w is the smallest, and its expression is:

[0030]

[0031] (3) Use the matrix differential principle to obtain the linear combination coefficient λ i , for the formula The expression for the first-order partial derivative is:

[0032]

[0033] (4) Obtain (λ1, λ2) and normalize it to obtain:

[0034]

[0035] (5) The final comprehensive weight of the evaluation index is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, wt It is a vector set composed of the combined weights of various green building evaluation index elements.

[0038] The establishment of a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on the matter-element extension evaluation model in step S4 includes the following steps:

[0039] (1) Determine the classical domain and the node domain. The specific formula is:

[0040]

[0041] Where N j is the jth evaluation type; C i is the i-th evaluation index; V ij = ij , b ij > for N j Corresponding to C i The specified domain; P is the totality of evaluation types; V ip = ip , b ip > for P about C i The section domain taken;

[0042] (2) Determine the evaluation value of the secondary indicator layer, perform numerical calculations on each secondary indicator layer according to the national standard "Green Building Evaluation Standard", and obtain quantitative data. The quantified data are the actual measured values ​​of each secondary indicator layer;

[0043] (3) Determine the object element R to be evaluated based on the measured value obtained to represent the object to be evaluated p. R is called the object element to be evaluated with respect to p. The specific formula is:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, v i For p, C i The measured value of; the evaluation object p includes the primary indicator layer, the criterion layer and the target layer;

[0046] (4) Determine the weight coefficient and determine the C of each secondary indicator layer i The weight μ i , μ i ∈w t And the sum of all weights is 1;

[0047] (5) Calculate each secondary index layer C i Regarding the relevance of level j, according to indicator C i The optimal point v0 is in the section interval V ip The midpoint, left side or right side of the , select the correlation function formula to calculate each secondary indicator layer C i The relevance k of level j j (v​​i ), the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] In the formula, k j (v i ) reflects the degree to which the evaluation object belongs to a specific green building grade. The larger the value, the greater the correlation. i Green building evaluation index secondary indicator level C i The measured value of V ji is the value range of each green building benefit evaluation index in the classic domain, that is, the interval [a ji ,b ji ];ρ(v i ,V ji ) is v i With V ji The distance between pi is the value range of the i-th green building evaluation index domain, that is, the interval [a pi ,b pi ];ρ(v i ,V pi ) is v i With V pi The distance between

[0051] (6) Determine the correlation between the object to be evaluated p and the benefit evaluation level j. The specific formula is:

[0052]

[0053] The corresponding benefit evaluation levels in the formula are k1 for poor, k2 for poor, k3 for medium, k4 for good, and k5 for excellent;

[0054] (7) The maximum membership principle is used to determine the comprehensive benefit evaluation index value K of green buildings. The specific formula is:

[0055] K=maxk j (p0) (j=1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

[0056] The corresponding benefit evaluation levels are k1 for poor, k2 for poor, k3 for medium, k4 for good, and k5 for excellent; the object to be evaluated p0 is the target layer of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system; the benefit evaluation level K corresponding to the index value K is j Determine the final benefit evaluation result of the evaluation project.

[0057] According to the above technical scheme, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the comprehensive benefits of green buildings based on a matter-element extension model. By determining the evaluation dimensions of the green building evaluation index system, the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system is determined in combination with the evaluation elements of the green building evaluation index systems of the United States and the United Kingdom. Then, the first-level index layer and the second-level index layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system are determined according to the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements to form a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system; then, the AHP-entropy weight method is designed according to the AHP method and the entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each green building evaluation index element; finally, a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on a matter-element extension evaluation model is established to determine the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation level. The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0058] (1) The technical solution adopted by the present invention defines the concept of green building from five dimensions, namely, building energy conservation, effective land utilization, reasonable consumption of water resources, economical use of building materials and environmental protection, which is referred to as "four savings and one environmental protection". It forms a comprehensive evaluation system, making the evaluation results more comprehensive and accurate, and can truly reflect the comprehensive benefits of green buildings.

[0059] (2) The technical solution adopted by the present invention uses the object-element extension model as an evaluation tool, defines the comprehensive benefits of green buildings as the core object element, and defines its economic, environmental and social benefits as sub-object elements, making the evaluation process more scientific and objective.

[0060] (3) The technical solution adopted by the present invention adopts the AHP method and the entropy weight method to design the AHP-entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each green building evaluation index element, which takes into account both subjective opinions and the objectivity of the data, making the evaluation results more accurate and reliable.

[0061] (4) The evaluation method and steps of the technical solution adopted in the present invention are clear and easy to understand and operate. By establishing a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on the physical element extension evaluation model, the comprehensive benefit evaluation level of the green building can be determined quickly and accurately. Moreover, the evaluation results can provide decision-making basis for the government and enterprises, thereby promoting the development and application of green buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 Flowchart of the comprehensive benefit evaluation method of green buildings based on the matter-element extension model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0064] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0065] S1. Determine the evaluation dimensions of the green building evaluation index system, including building energy conservation, effective land use, reasonable water resource consumption, economical use of building materials and environmental protection, referred to as "four savings and one environmental protection";

[0066] The details of building energy conservation, effective land use, rational consumption of water resources, economical use of building materials and environmental protection are as follows:

[0067] (1) The purpose of building energy conservation is to reduce the energy demand of buildings, reduce the adverse impact on the environment, and achieve the effect of saving energy costs; the measures mainly include the use of high-efficiency insulation materials, optimizing the building layout to maximize the use of natural light and ventilation, introducing efficient HVAC systems, and using renewable energy;

[0068] (2) Effective land use, i.e. land conservation in construction, promotes efficient and rational land use through land resource management; protects and conserves land resources while ensuring that the basic requirements of human habitation and work are met;

[0069] (3) Reasonable consumption of water resources, namely building water conservation, aims to reduce the pollution caused by buildings in the use of water resources, protect water resources, and reduce water resource costs; the main methods include adopting water-saving equipment and technology, optimizing the use of water resources, reducing water waste, and collecting and reusing rainwater;

[0070] (4) Efficient use of building materials, i.e., saving materials in construction, including using renewable materials, optimizing design to reduce material waste, and actively promoting recycling and reuse;

[0071] (5) The objectives of environmental protection include reducing the release of pollutants, ensuring the health of ecosystems, promoting the sustainable use of resources, and improving the overall quality of the environment.

[0072] S2. According to the five evaluation dimensions determined in step S1, the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system is determined in combination with the evaluation elements of the green building evaluation index system of the United States and the United Kingdom, including economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits; then, according to the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements, data of green buildings are collected from the three aspects of economy, environment and society, and the first-level index layer and the second-level index layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system are determined to form a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system;

[0073] The evaluation elements of the green building evaluation index system in the United States and the United Kingdom are as follows:

[0074] (1) The LEED rating system in the United States, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a green building certification program launched by the U.S. Green Building Council. It includes six products: New Construction (LEED-NC), Operation and Maintenance (LEED-EB), Interior Decoration (LEED-CI), Co-development (LEED-CS), Residential (LEED-H) and Community Development (LEED-ND). It covers the evaluation index elements of energy conservation, use of renewable energy, efficient use of water resources, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, improvement of indoor environmental quality, resource recycling and use of environmentally sensitive land;

[0075] (2) The UK BREEAM rating system determines the sustainability level of a building by evaluating its design, construction, use and management, covering such evaluation indicators as energy use, water resource management, material selection, health and comfort, sewage treatment, transportation, land use and ecosystem protection;

[0076] The comprehensive benefit evaluation index system of green buildings is shown in Table 1, which is divided into four index levels: target level, criterion level, primary index level and secondary index level. The target level is the comprehensive benefit of green buildings, and the benchmark level of the target level is the economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit.

[0077] (1) The first-level indicator layer of economic benefits is energy-saving benefits, water-saving benefits and material-saving benefits; the second-level indicator layer of energy-saving benefits is high-performance building envelopes, high-efficiency equipment and systems, and the use of renewable energy; the second-level indicator layer of water-saving benefits is water-saving appliances and equipment and the use of non-traditional water sources; the second-level indicator layer of material-saving benefits is local materials and high-performance materials;

[0078] (2) The first-level indicators of environmental benefits are pollutant reduction, health benefits and building life extension benefits; the second-level indicators of pollutant reduction are CO2 reduction and sewage treatment; the second-level indicators of health benefits are building greening rate, green building materials and resident health; the second-level indicators of material saving benefits and building life extension benefits are building maintenance costs and outdoor environmental quality;

[0079] (3) The first-level indicator level of social benefits is regional economic growth benefits and residents’ livable welfare; the second-level indicator level of regional economic growth benefits is the increase in the driving rate of related industries and the saving of fiscal expenditure; the second-level indicator level of residents’ livable welfare is the residents’ annual income level and the improvement of work efficiency; the second-level indicator level of material saving benefits and building life extension benefits is the maintenance cost of buildings and the quality of the outdoor environment.

[0080] Table 1 Green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] S3. Design the AHP-entropy weight method based on the AHP method and the entropy weight method, and then use the AHP-entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each green building evaluation index element; the specific steps are as follows:

[0084] (1) The weight w1 obtained by the AHP method and the weight w2 obtained by the entropy weight method are used to construct a vector set w = {w1, w2} consisting of two weights. All linear combinations of this vector set are expressed as:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, λ i For this vector set of linear combination coefficients, λ i >0, i=1,2;

[0087] (2) Find a set of λ based on game theory i Make i The deviation from w is the smallest, and its expression is:

[0088]

[0089] (3) Use the matrix differential principle to obtain the linear combination coefficient λ i , for the formula The expression for the first-order partial derivative is:

[0090]

[0091] (4) Obtain (λ1, λ2) and normalize it to obtain:

[0092]

[0093] (5) The final comprehensive weight of the evaluation index is:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, w t It is a vector set composed of the combined weights of various green building evaluation index elements.

[0096] S4. Based on the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system, the object-element extension model is used as an evaluation tool, the comprehensive benefit of green buildings is defined as the core object-element, and its economic, environmental and social benefits are defined as sub-object-element. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade standard is set, and a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on the object-element extension evaluation model is established. Then, the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade is determined through the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model. The specific steps are as follows:

[0097] (1) Determine the classical domain and the node domain. The specific formula is:

[0098]

[0099] Where N j is the jth evaluation type; C i is the i-th evaluation index; V ij = ij , b ij > for N j Corresponding to C i The specified domain; P is the totality of evaluation types; V ip = ip , b ip > for P about C i The section domain taken;

[0100] In this embodiment, the classical domain and the section domain of the comprehensive benefit evaluation index of green buildings are determined by combining the actual environment and consulting industry experts. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0101] Table 2 Classical domains and segmental domains

[0102]

[0103] (2) Determine the evaluation value of the secondary indicator layer, perform numerical calculations on each secondary indicator layer according to the national standard "Green Building Evaluation Standard", and obtain quantitative data. The quantified data are the actual measured values ​​of each secondary indicator layer;

[0104] In this embodiment, numerical calculations are performed in accordance with the Green Building Evaluation Standards to obtain quantitative data; relative to qualitative evaluation indicators, a questionnaire is formulated based on the use of green technology in this embodiment, and experts are invited to score and evaluate. After removing the highest and lowest scores, the mean of the remaining scores is calculated to quantify the qualitative indicators. The quantitative results are shown in Table 3.

[0105] Table 3 Quantitative values ​​of the secondary indicator layer

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] (3) Determine the object element R to be evaluated based on the measured value obtained to represent the object to be evaluated p. R is called the object element to be evaluated with respect to p. The specific formula is:

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, v i For p, C i ​​The measured value of; the evaluation object p includes the primary indicator layer, the criterion layer and the target layer;

[0111] In this embodiment, the specific matter-element matrix is ​​as follows:

[0112]

[0113] (4) Determine the weight coefficient and determine the C of each secondary indicator layer i The weight μ i , μ i ∈w t And the sum of all weights is 1;

[0114] (5) Calculate each secondary index layer C i Regarding the relevance of level j, according to indicator C i The optimal point v0 is in the section interval V ip The midpoint, left side or right side of the , select the correlation function formula to calculate each secondary indicator layer C i The relevance k of level j j (v i ), the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] In the formula, k j (v i ) reflects the degree to which the evaluation object belongs to a specific green building grade. The larger the value, the greater the correlation. i Green building evaluation index secondary indicator level C i The measured value of V ji is the value range of each green building benefit evaluation index in the classic domain, that is, the interval [a ji ,b ji ];ρ(v i ,V ji ) is v i With V ji The distance between pi is the value range of the i-th green building evaluation index domain, that is, the interval [a pi ,b pi ];ρ(v i ,V pi ) is v i With V pi The distance between

[0117] According to the specific calculation formula, the correlation degree of the secondary indicator layer is calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 4.

[0118] Table 4 Correlation of secondary indicators

[0119] index Difference Poor medium good excellent grade <![CDATA[C1]]> -0.6600 -0.6111 -0.5625 0.7143 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C2]]> -0.6200 -0.5556 -0.5000 0.5714 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C3]]> -0.9200 -0.8750 -0.8571 -0.7778 0.5000 excellent <![CDATA[C4]]> -0.6500 -0.5467 -0.4769 0.5429 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C5]]> -0.7000 -0.6471 -0.6000 0.8000 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C6]]> -0.9000 -0.8333 -0.7500 -0.6000 0.6667 excellent <![CDATA[C7]]> -0.8800 -0.8737 -0.8400 -0.7000 0.6000 excellent <![CDATA[C8]]> -0.7600 -0.4667 0.6000 -0.4419 -0.5000 medium <![CDATA[C9]]> -0.5500 -0.3571 0.5000 -0.3077 -0.5000 medium <![CDATA[C 10 ]]> -0.6400 -0.5765 -0.5200 0.6333 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 11 ]]> -0.6500 -0.6111 -0.5333 0.6000 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 12 ]]> -0.6800 -0.5077 0.9000 -0.2727 -0.5000 medium <![CDATA[C 13 ]]> -0.7000 -0.6250 -0.5714 0.8333 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 14 ]]> -0.8500 -0.7692 -0.7000 0.8000 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 15 ]]> -0.8900 -0.8429 -0.7800 0.9333 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 16 ]]> -0.8200 -0.7231 -0.6727 0.8500 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 17 ]]> -0.6800 -0.6000 -0.5077 0.9000 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[C 18 ]]> -0.8200 -0.7778 -0.7500 0.8571 -0.5000 good

[0120] (6) Determine the correlation between the object to be evaluated p and the benefit evaluation level j. The specific formula is:

[0121]

[0122] The corresponding benefit evaluation levels in the formula are k1 for poor, k2 for poor, k3 for medium, k4 for good, and k5 for excellent;

[0123] The corresponding first-level indicator layer correlation value is calculated using the calculated second-level indicator correlation results and calculation formula. The calculation results are shown in Table 5.

[0124] Table 5 Correlation of first-level indicators

[0125] index Difference Poor medium good excellent grade <![CDATA[B1]]> -0.6695 -0.6310 -0.5846 0.5095 -0.3821 good <![CDATA[B2]]> -0.6700 -0.5718 -0.5077 0.6071 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[B3]]> -0.8950 -0.8434 -0.7725 -0.6250 0.6500 excellent <![CDATA[B4]]> -0.6550 -0.4119 0.5500 -0.3748 -0.5000 medium <![CDATA[B5]]> -0.6682 -0.5318 0.4555 0.0076 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[B6]]> -0.7750 -0.6971 -0.6357 0.8167 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[B7]]> -0.8725 -0.8129 -0.7532 0.9125 -0.5000 good <![CDATA[B8]]> -0.7041 -0.6356 -0.5562 0.8914 -0.5000 good

[0126] The corresponding criterion layer correlation value is calculated using the calculated first-level indicator correlation results and calculation formula. The calculation results are shown in Table 6.

[0127] Table 6 Criteria level correlation

[0128] index Difference Poor medium good excellent grade <![CDATA[A1]]> -0.6992 -0.6473 -0.5944 0.3800 -0.2699 good <![CDATA[A2]]> -0.6732 -0.4723 0.3768 -0.1455 -0.5000 medium <![CDATA[A3]]> -0.7462 -0.6799 -0.6054 0.8967 -0.5000 good

[0129] The corresponding target layer correlation value is calculated using the calculated criterion layer correlation result and the calculation formula. The calculation results are shown in Table 7.

[0130] Table 7 Target layer association values

[0131] Things to be evaluated Difference Poor medium good excellent grade S -0.6990 -0.6169 -0.4076 0.3334 -0.3389 good

[0132] (7) The maximum membership principle is used to determine the comprehensive benefit evaluation index value k of green buildings. The specific formula is:

[0133] K=maxk j (p0) (j=1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

[0134] The corresponding benefit evaluation levels are k1 for poor, k2 for poor, k3 for medium, k4 for good, and k5 for excellent; the object to be evaluated p0 is the target layer of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system; the benefit evaluation level k corresponding to the index value K is j The final benefit evaluation result of the evaluation project is determined. According to Table 7, K = k3 = 0.3334, that is, the result of the comprehensive benefit evaluation level of the green building is good.

[0135] In summary, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the comprehensive benefits of green buildings based on a matter-element extension model, which comprehensively evaluates the overall benefits of green buildings from multiple perspectives such as economy, environment and society, so as to support scientific decision-making for the development of green buildings. The present invention can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of green buildings. The results of the present invention show that the comprehensive benefit evaluation model of green buildings constructed by combining combined weights and extension methods is not only scientific, widely applicable and feasible.

Claims

1. A green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model, characterized by The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the evaluation dimensions of the green building evaluation index system, including building energy conservation, effective land use, reasonable water resource consumption, economical use of building materials and environmental protection, referred to as "four savings and one environmental protection"; S2. According to the five evaluation dimensions determined in step S1, combined with the evaluation elements of the green building evaluation index system in the United States and the United Kingdom, determine the criterion layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system, including economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits; Then, according to the criteria layer of the evaluation index elements, data on green buildings are collected from the three aspects of economy, environment and society, and the first-level index layer and second-level index layer of the evaluation index elements of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system are determined to form a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system; S3. Design the AHP-entropy weight method based on the AHP method and the entropy weight method, and then use the AHP-entropy weight method to determine the combined weights of each green building evaluation index element; S4. According to the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system, the physical element extension model is used as the evaluation tool, the comprehensive benefit of green buildings is defined as the core physical element, and its economic, environmental and social benefits are defined as sub-physical elements. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade standard is set, and a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on the physical element extension evaluation model is established. Then, the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation grade is determined through the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model.

2. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model according to claim 1 is characterized in that The building energy conservation, effective land use, reasonable water resource consumption, economical use of building materials and environmental protection in step S1 are as follows: (1) The purpose of building energy conservation is to reduce the energy demand of buildings, reduce the adverse impact on the environment, and achieve the effect of saving energy costs; the measures mainly include the use of high-efficiency insulation materials, optimizing the building layout to maximize the use of natural light and ventilation, introducing efficient HVAC systems, and using renewable energy; (2) Effective land use, i.e. land conservation in construction, promotes efficient and rational land use through land resource management; protects and conserves land resources while ensuring that the basic requirements of human habitation and work are met; (3) Reasonable consumption of water resources, namely building water conservation, aims to reduce the pollution caused by buildings in the use of water resources, protect water resources, and reduce water resource costs; the main methods include adopting water-saving equipment and technology, optimizing the use of water resources, reducing water waste, and collecting and reusing rainwater; (4) Efficient use of building materials, i.e., saving materials in construction, including using renewable materials, optimizing design to reduce material waste, and actively promoting recycling and reuse; (5) The objectives of environmental protection include reducing the release of pollutants, ensuring the health of ecosystems, promoting the sustainable use of resources, and improving the overall quality of the environment.

3. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model according to claim 1 is characterized in that The evaluation factors of the green building evaluation index system of the United States and the United Kingdom in step S2 are specifically: (1) The LEED rating system in the United States, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a green building certification program launched by the U.S. Green Building Council. It includes six products: New Construction (LEED-NC), Operation and Maintenance (LEED-EB), Interior Decoration (LEED-CI), Co-development (LEED-CS), Residential (LEED-H) and Community Development (LEED-ND). It covers the evaluation index elements of energy conservation, use of renewable energy, efficient use of water resources, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, improvement of indoor environmental quality, resource recycling and use of environmentally sensitive land; (2) The UK BREEAM rating system determines the sustainability level of a building by evaluating its design, construction, use and management. It covers evaluation indicators such as energy use, water resource management, material selection, health and comfort, sewage treatment, transportation, land use and ecosystem protection.

4. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S2, the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system is divided into four index levels: target level, criterion level, primary index level and secondary index level; the target level is the comprehensive benefit of green buildings, and the benchmark level of the target level is the economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit; (1) The first-level indicator layer of economic benefits is energy-saving benefits, water-saving benefits and material-saving benefits; the second-level indicator layer of energy-saving benefits is high-performance building envelopes, high-efficiency equipment and systems, and the use of renewable energy; the second-level indicator layer of water-saving benefits is water-saving appliances and equipment and the use of non-traditional water sources; the second-level indicator layer of material-saving benefits is local materials and high-performance materials; (2) The first-level indicators of environmental benefits are pollutant reduction, health benefits and building life extension benefits; the second-level indicators of pollutant reduction are CO2 reduction and sewage treatment; the second-level indicators of health benefits are building greening rate, green building materials and resident health; the second-level indicators of material saving benefits and building life extension benefits are building maintenance costs and outdoor environmental quality; (3) The first-level indicator level of social benefits is regional economic growth benefits and residents’ livable welfare; the second-level indicator level of regional economic growth benefits is the increase in the driving rate of related industries and the saving of fiscal expenditure; the second-level indicator level of residents’ livable welfare is the residents’ annual income level and the improvement of work efficiency; the second-level indicator level of material saving benefits and building life extension benefits is the maintenance cost of buildings and the quality of the outdoor environment.

5. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model according to claim 1 is characterized in that The specific steps for determining the combined weights of various green building evaluation index elements in step S3 are as follows: (1) The weight w1 obtained by the AHP method and the weight w2 obtained by the entropy weight method are used to construct a vector set w = {w1, w2} consisting of two weights. All linear combinations of this vector set are expressed as: In the formula, λ i For this vector set of linear combination coefficients, λ i >0, i=1,2; (2) Find a set of λ based on game theory i Make i The deviation from w is the smallest, and its expression is: (3) Use the matrix differential principle to obtain the linear combination coefficient λ i , for the formula The expression for the first-order partial derivative is: (4) Obtain (λ1, λ2) and normalize it to obtain: (5) The final comprehensive weight of the evaluation index is: In the formula, w t It is a vector set composed of the combined weights of various green building evaluation index elements.

6. The green building comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on matter-element extension model according to claim 1 is characterized in that The establishment of a green building comprehensive benefit evaluation model based on the matter-element extension evaluation model in step S4 includes the following steps: (1) Determine the classical domain and the node domain. The specific formula is: Where N j is the jth evaluation type; C i is the i-th evaluation index; V ij = ij , b ij > for N j Corresponding to C i The specified domain; P is the totality of evaluation types; V ip = ip , b ip > for P about C i The section domain taken;​​ (2) Determine the evaluation value of the secondary indicator layer, perform numerical calculations on each secondary indicator layer according to the national standard "Green Building Evaluation Standard", and obtain quantitative data. The quantified data are the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator layer; (3) Determine the object element R to be evaluated based on the measured value obtained to represent the object to be evaluated p. R is called the object element to be evaluated with respect to p. The specific formula is: In the formula, v i For p, C i The measured value of; the evaluation object p includes the primary indicator layer, the criterion layer and the target layer; (4) Determine the weight coefficient and determine the C of each secondary indicator layer i The weight μ i , μ i ∈w t And the sum of all weights is 1; (5) Calculate each secondary index layer C i Regarding the relevance of level j, according to indicator C i The optimal point v0 is in the section interval V ip The midpoint, left side or right side of the , select the correlation function formula to calculate each secondary indicator layer C i The relevance k of level j j (v i ), the specific calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, k j (v i ) reflects the degree to which the evaluation object belongs to a specific green building grade. The larger the value, the greater the correlation. i Green building evaluation index secondary indicator level C i The measured value of V ji is the value range of each green building benefit evaluation index in the classic domain, that is, the interval [a ji ,b ji ];ρ(v i ,V ji ) is v i With V ji The distance between pi is the value range of the i-th green building evaluation index domain, that is, the interval [a pi ,b pi ];ρ(v i ,V pi ) is v i With V pi The distance between (6) Determine the correlation between the object to be evaluated p and the benefit evaluation level j. The specific formula is: The corresponding benefit evaluation levels in the formula are k1 for poor, k2 for poor, k3 for medium, k4 for good, and k5 for excellent; (7) The maximum membership principle is used to determine the comprehensive benefit evaluation index value K of green buildings. The specific formula is: K=mask j (p0)(j=1,2,3,4,5) The corresponding benefit evaluation levels are k1 for poor, k2 for poor, k3 for medium, k4 for good, and k5 for excellent; the object to be evaluated p0 is the target layer of the green building comprehensive benefit evaluation index system; the benefit evaluation level K corresponding to the index value K is j Determine the final benefit evaluation result of the evaluation project.

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