Broadband low-loss phase shifter based on hybrid orthogonal generator structure

Abstract

The invention provides a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure, and relates to the technical field of phase shifters. The output end of a first-order II-type PPF orthogonal generator of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of a second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator, and the output end of the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator is connected with the input end of a digital control vector synthesis adder; a first differential signal input by the hybrid quadrature generator can perform amplitude characteristic compensation on the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator through the first-order II-type PPF quadrature generator so as to output an ultra-wideband quadrature signal with balanced amplitude and phase; the digital control vector synthesis adder can carry out vector synthesis on input orthogonal signals. And each path of second differential signal is a constant-amplitude signal with a 180-degree phase difference. The generator can effectively reduce the insertion loss of the phase shifter, so that the output signal has the advantages of ultra wide band, high precision and low error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present specification relates to the technical field of phase shifters, and in particular to a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure. Background Art

[0002] In modern radar and wireless communication systems, phased array technology plays a vital role. Phase shifters, as key components for realizing signal phase modulation in phased array systems, need to have excellent performances such as broadband, low loss, high precision, and low error to ensure signal quality and reliability. They play a vital role in the signal transmission process. Among them, the orthogonal generator in the phase shifter, as a key module for generating orthogonal signals in the phase shifter, has a direct impact on the bandwidth, loss, and error of the phase shifter.

[0003] The orthogonal signal generation module in the existing phase shifter only uses a polyphase filter (PPF) structure orthogonal generator (including type I and type II) or only uses a hybrid structure orthogonal generator. The phase shifter using only the type I PPF structure orthogonal generator has the defect of poor amplitude characteristics; the orthogonal signal generated by only using the type II PPF structure orthogonal generator has the defect of poor phase characteristics; the two PPF orthogonal generators need to adopt a high-order form under broadband conditions, which has the disadvantage of large loss. The hybrid structure orthogonal generator also has the disadvantage of large amplitude error under broadband conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this specification is to provide a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure, which can overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing phase shifters.

[0005] The embodiments of this specification are implemented as follows:

[0006] A broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure comprises a one-to-two power divider, a hybrid orthogonal generator, a digitally controlled vector synthesis adder and a two-in-one power combiner connected in sequence;

[0007] The hybrid orthogonal generator is formed by a first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator and a second-order hybrid orthogonal generator, and the input end of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator is connected to the one-to-two power divider, the output end of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator is connected to the input end of the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator, and the output end of the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator is connected to the input end of the digital control vector synthesis adder;

[0008] The one-to-two power divider is capable of converting the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal;

[0009] The first differential signal input by the hybrid orthogonal generator can be used to perform amplitude compensation on the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator through the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator to output an orthogonal signal;

[0010] The digitally controlled vector synthesis adder can input the orthogonal signal to output a second differential signal, and each of the second differential signals is an equal-amplitude signal with a specific phase difference; the two-in-one combiner can synthesize the input second differential signals into one output signal.

[0011] The embodiments of this specification have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the broadband low-loss phase shifter based on the hybrid orthogonal generator structure is composed of a cascaded first-order II-type PPF orthogonal generator and a second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator to form the hybrid orthogonal generator. The first-order II-type PPF orthogonal generator is used to compensate the amplitude characteristics of the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator, and the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator is used to compensate the phase characteristics of the first-order II-type PPF orthogonal generator. The hybrid orthogonal generator can effectively reduce the insertion loss of the phase shifter, so that the output signal of the broadband low-loss phase shifter has the advantages of ultra-wideband, high precision and low error. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present specification and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure provided in this specification;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hybrid orthogonal generator provided in this manual.

[0016] Icons: 1. One-to-two power divider; 2. 1st-order type II PPF orthogonal generator; 3. 2nd-order Hybrid orthogonal generator; 4. Digitally controlled vector synthesis adder; 5. Two-in-one power combiner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this specification more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of this specification described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present specification provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present specification claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present specification. Based on the embodiments in the present specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present specification.

[0019] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this specification, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of this specification is usually placed when used. It is only for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this specification. In addition, if the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. appear, they are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In addition, the use of terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", and "overhanging" does not mean that the components must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of this specification, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the words "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this specification can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure provided in an embodiment of the present specification mainly comprises a one-to-two power divider 1, a hybrid orthogonal generator, a digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4 and a two-in-one power combiner 5 connected in sequence;

[0024] The hybrid orthogonal generator is formed by a first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 and a second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3, and the input end of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 is connected to the one-to-two power divider 1, the output end of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 is connected to the input end of the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3, and the output end of the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3 is connected to the input end of the digital control vector synthesis adder 4;

[0025] The one-to-two power divider 1 is capable of converting an input single-ended signal into a first differential signal;

[0026] The first differential signal input by the hybrid orthogonal generator can be used to compensate the amplitude characteristics of the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator 3 through the first-order II-type PPF orthogonal generator 2 to output an orthogonal signal;

[0027] The digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4 can input the orthogonal signal to output a second differential signal, and each of the second differential signals is an equal-amplitude signal with a specific phase difference; the two-in-one combiner 5 can synthesize the input second differential signals into one output signal.

[0028] Specifically, the broadband low-loss phase shifter is composed of a cascaded first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 and a second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3 to form the hybrid orthogonal generator. The first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 compensates for the amplitude characteristics of the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3, and the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3 compensates for the phase characteristics of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2, so that the output signal of the broadband low-loss phase shifter has the advantages of ultra-wideband, high precision and low error. At the same time, the hybrid orthogonal generator can effectively reduce the transmission loss of the phase shifter.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 is composed of a plurality of resistor and capacitor units connected in parallel; the resistor and capacitor unit is composed of a first resistor and a first capacitor connected in parallel.

[0030] In this embodiment, there are two first differential signals, and the phase difference between the two first differential signals is 180°. The number of the resistor and capacitor units is four. Two adjacent resistor and capacitor units can input one first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°. In addition, two adjacent resistor and capacitor units can input another first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0031] In this embodiment, the one-to-two power divider 1 can convert the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal with the same amplitude, a phase of 0° and a phase of 180°.

[0032] In this embodiment, the one-to-two power divider 1 adopts a transformer balun structure, which can output a low-error first differential signal under the current bandwidth by transformer coupling and adjusting the number of turns of the transformer coil.

[0033] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned resistor and capacitor unit can convert the first differential signal with a phase of 0° into two groups of equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°, namely, an equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and an equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°, and can convert the first differential signal with a phase of 180° into an equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and an equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R2 and the first capacitor C2, the first resistor R3 and the first capacitor C3, and the first resistor R4 and the first capacitor C4 are respectively connected in parallel to form the four resistor-capacitor units mentioned above.

[0035] In the present embodiment, the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3 includes a multi-stage Hybrid orthogonal generator arranged in cascade, and each stage of the Hybrid orthogonal generator includes four groups of Hybrid coupler unit structures arranged in parallel, and the four groups of Hybrid coupler unit structures can respectively input the equal-amplitude orthogonal signals to output four ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°. In the present embodiment, by cascading the second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator 3 after the first-order Type II PPF orthogonal generator 2, the insertion loss of the phase shifter can be effectively reduced, and the effect of expanding the bandwidth can be achieved, so that the output signal of the phase shifter has the advantages of wide bandwidth and small error.

[0036] In this embodiment, the two input ends of the one-to-two power divider 1 are respectively connected to the two input ends of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2, the four output ends of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator 2 are respectively connected to the four input ends of the hybrid orthogonal generator, the four output ends of the hybrid orthogonal generator are respectively connected to the four input ends of the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4, the two output ends of the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4 are connected to the two input ends of the two-in-one power combiner 5, and the output end of the two-in-one power combiner 5 serves as the output end of the signal.

[0037] In this embodiment, the hybrid coupler unit structure is composed of a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor. The first inductor is coupled with the second inductor. The second capacitor is arranged between the positive end of the first inductor and the negative end of the second inductor or between the negative end of the first inductor and the positive end of the second inductor. The third capacitor is arranged between the negative end of the first inductor and the positive end of the second inductor or between the positive end of the first inductor and the negative end of the second inductor.

[0038] In this embodiment, the input equal-amplitude orthogonal signal can be phase-adjusted by setting the above-mentioned Hybrid coupler unit structure, so as to obtain an output signal with better phase characteristics. In this embodiment, the four resistors and capacitors are distinguished as a first resistor and capacitor unit, a second resistor and capacitor unit, a third resistor and capacitor unit, and a fourth resistor and capacitor unit. The four groups of Hybrid coupler unit structures of the first-level Hybrid orthogonal generator are distinguished as a first Hybrid coupler unit structure, a second Hybrid coupler unit structure, a third Hybrid coupler unit structure, and a fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure.

[0039] The first resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the second Hybrid coupler unit structure, the second resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the first Hybrid coupler unit structure, the third resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure, and the fourth resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the third Hybrid coupler unit structure.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first Hybrid coupler unit structure includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C5 and a third capacitor C6; the second Hybrid coupler unit structure includes a first inductor L3, a second inductor L4, a second capacitor C7 and a third capacitor C8; the third Hybrid coupler unit structure includes a first inductor L5, a second inductor L6, a second capacitor C9 and a third capacitor C10; the fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure includes a first inductor L7, a second inductor L8, a second capacitor C11 and a third capacitor C12.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the positive end of the first inductor L1 is grounded, a second capacitor C5 is arranged between the negative end of the first inductor L1 and the positive end of the second inductor L2, a third capacitor C6 is arranged between the positive end of the first inductor L1 and the negative end of the second inductor L2, and a common end of the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C5 is connected to a common end of the first resistor R2 and the first capacitor C1.

[0042] In this embodiment, a common end of the first inductor L3 and the second capacitor C7 is connected to a common end of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C4, and a common end of the second inductor L4 and the third capacitor C8 is grounded.

[0043] In this embodiment, a common end of the first inductor L5 and the third capacitor C10 is grounded, and a common end of the second inductor L6 and the second capacitor C9 is connected to a common end of the first resistor R4 and the first capacitor C3.

[0044] In this embodiment, a common end of the first inductor L7 and the second capacitor C11 is connected to a common end of the first resistor R3 and the first capacitor C2, and a common end of the second inductor L8 and the third capacitor C12 is grounded.

[0045] In this embodiment, the four groups of the hybrid coupler unit structures of the secondary hybrid orthogonal generator are distinguished as a fifth hybrid coupler unit structure, a sixth hybrid coupler unit structure, a seventh hybrid coupler unit structure and an eighth hybrid coupler unit structure;

[0046] The first Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively;

[0047] The second Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively;

[0048] The third Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively;

[0049] The fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively.

[0050] In this embodiment, the common end of the first inductor L1 and the second capacitor C5 is connected to the common end of the first inductor L15 and the second capacitor C19, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180°, and the common end of the second inductor L2 and the third capacitor C6 is connected to the common end of the second inductor L10 and the second capacitor C13, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°.

[0051] In this embodiment, the common end of the first inductor L3 and the third capacitor C8 is connected to the common end of the first inductor L11 and the second capacitor C15, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0°, and the common end of the second inductor L4 and the second capacitor C7 is connected to the common end of the second capacitor C13 and the second inductor L10, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°.

[0052] In this embodiment, the common end of the first inductor L5 and the second capacitor C9 is connected to the common end of the first inductor L11 and the second capacitor C15, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0°, and the common end of the second inductor L6 and the third capacitor C10 is connected to the common end of the second inductor L14 and the second capacitor C17, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

[0053] In this embodiment, the common end of the first inductor L7 and the third capacitor C12 is connected to the common end of the first inductor L15 and the second capacitor C19, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180°, and the common end of the second inductor L8 and the second capacitor C11 is connected to the common end of the second inductor L14 and the second capacitor C17, so as to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

[0054] In this embodiment, the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180°; the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°; the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°; the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder 4;

[0056] The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder 4;

[0057] The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder 4;

[0058] The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder 4.

[0059] In this embodiment, through the above-mentioned setting method of inductance and capacitance, different pole positions can be obtained by selecting different inductance values ​​and capacitance values, thereby expanding the bandwidth, and then outputting equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with consistent phases to obtain four orthogonal signals I+, I-, Q+, and Q- with ultra-wideband, low error, consistent amplitude, and a phase difference of 90°.

[0060] In this embodiment, the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4 synthesizes the output four ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signals into two orthogonal signals with specific phases through the control of digital signals.

[0061] In this embodiment, the above four orthogonal signals I+, I-, Q+, Q- are input to the digital control vector synthesis adder 4, which uses the adder and digital control method to perform vector synthesis of the signal, that is, the digital signal is converted into a corresponding analog signal to control the synthesis of the adder. The adder obtains signals with consistent phase difference values ​​under adjacent phase shift states through the control of multiple groups of digital signals, and then obtains a signal with a specific phase under the control of a specific digital signal. Therefore, the four orthogonal signals can be synthesized by this module to output two second differential signals with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 180°. The module performs vector synthesis of orthogonal signals by digital control, and has the characteristics of high precision.

[0062] In this embodiment, the two second differential signals with a phase difference of 180° are synthesized and outputted through the two-in-one combiner 5 to output a signal with a specific phase under the control of a specific digital signal, thereby achieving a phase shifting effect.

[0063] The above are only preferred embodiments of this specification and are not intended to limit this specification. For those skilled in the art, this specification may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this specification shall be included in the protection scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure, characterized in that: It includes a one-to-two power divider, a hybrid orthogonal generator, a digitally controlled vector synthesis adder and a two-in-one power combiner connected in sequence; The hybrid orthogonal generator is formed by a first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator and a second-order hybrid orthogonal generator, and the input end of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator is connected to the one-to-two power divider, the output end of the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator is connected to the input end of the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator, and the output end of the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator is connected to the input end of the digital control vector synthesis adder; The one-to-two power divider is capable of converting the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal; The first differential signal input by the hybrid orthogonal generator can be used to perform amplitude compensation on the second-order hybrid orthogonal generator through the first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator to output an orthogonal signal; The digitally controlled vector synthesis adder can input the orthogonal signal to output a second differential signal, and each of the second differential signals is an equal-amplitude signal with a specific phase difference; the two-in-one combiner can synthesize the input second differential signals into one output signal.

2. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-order type II PPF orthogonal generator is composed of a plurality of resistor and capacitor units connected in parallel; the resistor and capacitor unit is composed of a first resistor and a first capacitor connected in parallel.

3. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on the hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are two first differential signals, and the phase difference between the two first differential signals is 180°. The number of the resistor and capacitor units is four. Two adjacent resistor and capacitor units can input one first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°. In addition, two adjacent resistor and capacitor units can input another first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°.

4. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second-order Hybrid orthogonal generator includes two stages of cascaded Hybrid orthogonal generators, each stage of the Hybrid orthogonal generator includes four sets of Hybrid coupler unit structures arranged in parallel, the four sets of Hybrid coupler unit structures can respectively input the equal-amplitude orthogonal signals to output four sets of orthogonal signals, and can output four ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90° according to the four sets of orthogonal signals.

5. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hybrid coupler unit structure consists of a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor. The first inductor is coupled with the second inductor. The second capacitor is arranged between the positive end of the first inductor and the negative end of the second inductor or between the negative end of the first inductor and the positive end of the second inductor. The third capacitor is arranged between the negative end of the first inductor and the positive end of the second inductor or between the positive end of the first inductor and the negative end of the second inductor.

6. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The four resistor and capacitor units are distinguished as a first resistor and capacitor unit, a second resistor and capacitor unit, a third resistor and capacitor unit, and a fourth resistor and capacitor unit. The four groups of hybrid coupler unit structures of the first-level hybrid orthogonal generator are distinguished as a first hybrid coupler unit structure, a second hybrid coupler unit structure, a third hybrid coupler unit structure, and a fourth hybrid coupler unit structure. The first resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the second Hybrid coupler unit structure, the second resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the first Hybrid coupler unit structure, the third resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure, and the fourth resistor and capacitor unit is connected to the third Hybrid coupler unit structure.

7. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The four groups of the hybrid coupler unit structures of the secondary hybrid orthogonal generator are distinguished as a fifth hybrid coupler unit structure, a sixth hybrid coupler unit structure, a seventh hybrid coupler unit structure and an eighth hybrid coupler unit structure; The first Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively; The second Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively; The third Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively; The fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure respectively.

8. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180°; the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°; the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°; the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure is capable of outputting a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

9. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder; A first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder; A first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder; The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° are combined and output to the digital control vector synthesis adder.

10. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid orthogonal generator structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The digitally controlled vector synthesis adder synthesizes the output four-way ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signals into two-way orthogonal signals with specific phases through the control of digital signals.

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