Processes and mechanisms for waking up narrowband multi-channel transmissions for radios

Abstract

Processes and mechanisms are disclosed for narrowband multi-channel transmissions for waking up radio (WUR) operations. A station (STA) operating in a WUR mode may turn off its primary connected radio (PCR) and turn off its WUR and operate according to previously negotiated WUR operating parameters. The STA may monitor WUR beacons and frames on the first WUR channel and determine that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmissions based on no beacon received for a first duration. The STA may turn off the WUR and turn on the PCR to transmit a first short WUR frame including a wake-up cause, and receive a second short WUR frame having a WUR channel allocation. The STA may turn off the PCR, turn on the WUR, and monitor the WUR signal on the second WUR channel according to the WUR channel allocation and previously negotiated WUR operating parameters.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese invention patent application with the application date of May 7, 2018, application number 201880044447.5, and invention name “Process and mechanism for narrowband multi-channel transmission for waking up radio”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 502,336 filed May 5, 2017, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 555,497 filed September 7, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 595,901 filed December 7, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0004] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communications. Background Art

[0005] Fixed or low mobility wireless communications for local area networks (LANs) utilize technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, or generally 802.11x (also commonly referred to as WiFi). These technologies involve media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for creating a wireless LAN (WLAN) between at least two points. As WLANs grow, it may be desirable to transmit signals in the same transport for multiple types of WLAN interfaces to achieve desired performance and spectral efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] A mechanism for narrowband multi-channel transmission for wake-up radio (WUR) operation is disclosed. A station (STA) may turn off its primary connection radio (PCR) and operate its WUR according to previously negotiated WUR operating parameters. The STA may monitor WUR beacons and WUR frames on a first channel WUR. The STA may determine the wake-up cause based on the WUR not successfully receiving a beacon within a first duration and set the cause to "the WUR channel may not support reliable transmission". The STA may turn off the WUR, and turn on the PCR to send a first short WUR frame including the wake-up cause, and receive a second short WUR frame with a WUR channel allocation. The STA may turn off the PCR, turn on the WUR, and monitor the WUR signal on the second WUR channel according to the WUR channel allocation and previously negotiated WUR operating parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] A more detailed understanding may be obtained from the following description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0009] Figure 1B is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system is shown;

[0010] Figure 1C is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within a communication system as shown in FIG.

[0011] Figure 1D It is shown that according to the embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of another example RAN and another example CN used within the communication system shown in;

[0012] Figure 2 is a signaling diagram of an example wake-up radio (WUR) negotiation process between an AP and a STA equipped with WUR and PCR;

[0013] Figure 3A is a signaling diagram of an example beacon / synchronization signaling process, and 300B has multiple WUR channels;

[0014] Figure 3B is a signaling diagram of another example beacon / synchronization signaling process, and 300B has multiple WUR channels;

[0015] Figure 4 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR channel switching process;

[0016] Figure 5 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR channel hopping process;

[0017] Figure 6 is a signaling diagram of another example WUR channel hopping process;

[0018] Figure 7 is a signaling diagram of another example WUR channel hopping process;

[0019] Figure 8 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR transmission process utilizing a primary channel;

[0020] Fig. 9 is a signaling diagram of an example short WUR negotiation procedure using a short WUR action frame;

[0021] Fig. 10AA state diagram illustrating an example radio operation transition process for a WUR-enabled STA;

[0022] Fig. 10B is a flow chart of an example WUR channel parameter renegotiation process that may be performed by a WUR-enabled STA when transitioning between a WUR mode and a transition mode; and

[0023] Fig.11 is a frequency allocation diagram of example frequency allocation for WUR-enabled STAs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0025] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless / wired transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a station (STA)) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0026] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (e.g., the CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112). By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a Next Generation Node B (e.g., a gNode B (gNB)), a New Radio (NR) Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0027] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrums. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0028] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0029] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0030] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0031] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0032] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions to / from multiple types of base stations, such as eNBs and gNBs.

[0033] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0034] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the example may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or a femtocell. Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0035] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A Although not shown, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and / or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0036] The CN 106 may also serve as a gateway to serve the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0037] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0038] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0039] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0040] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit or receive signals to or from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via an air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It should be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0041] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is Figure 1B Although depicted as a single element in the figure, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0042] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0043] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0044] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0045] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more neighboring base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0046] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connections. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensor may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a posture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor, etc.

[0047] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which reception or transmission of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with particular subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. A full-duplex radio may include an interface management unit that reduces and / or substantially eliminates self-interference via signal processing in hardware (e.g., chokes) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission or transmission of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with particular subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) or DL ​​(e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0048] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0049] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0050] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown in FIG. , the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0051] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0052] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0053] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102B, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102B, 102c, and the like.

[0054] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0055] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0056] Although the WTRU Figures 1A-1D Although described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal may use (eg, temporarily or permanently) a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0057] In a representative embodiment, other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0058] A WLAN in an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for a BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may access or dock to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that sends traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to a STA initiated from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic initiated from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where a source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be sent between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between a source STA and a destination STA) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11eDLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0059] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP can send beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can be a fixed width (e.g., a 20MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel can be an operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, such as in an 802.11 system, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA) including the AP can sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA can back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0060] A high throughput (HT) STA may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via combining a primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0061] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be subjected to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing respectively. The stream can be mapped onto two 80MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operation of the above 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the media access control (MAC).

[0062] The operation mode below 1 GHz (sub 1 GHz) is supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operation bandwidth and carrier are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to the channel operation bandwidth and carrier used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support meter type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, including limited capabilities for support of certain and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., only support for certain and / or limited bandwidths). MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0063] The WLAN system may support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, including channels that may be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA among all STAs operating in the BSS, which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) transmits to the AP, all available bands may be considered busy, even if most of the available bands remain idle.

[0064] In the United States, the available frequency band that 802.11ah can use is from 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. Depending on the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0065] Figure 1D A system diagram of the RAN 104 and the CN 106 is shown in accordance with an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116 using NR radio technology. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0066] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, but it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiment. Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to send signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit a plurality of component carriers (not shown) to the WTRU 102a. A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) techniques. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0067] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter configurations (numerology). For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or a continuously varying absolute time length).

[0068] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0069] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, interaction between DC, NR and E-UTRA, routing user plane data to a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing control plane information to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0070] Figure 1DThe CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possible data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although the aforementioned elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0071] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing to customize the CN support of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0072] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0073] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0074] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) or may communicate with an IP gateway that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0075] Given that Figures 1A-1D and Figures 1A-1D , one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the following items may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNodeB 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b and / or any (one or more) other devices described herein. The simulation device may be one or more devices configured to simulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0076] The simulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests on other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to another device for the purpose of testing and / or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0077] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions, including all functions, without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test lab and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test devices. The simulation device can use direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuits (e.g., which can include one or more antennas) to transmit and / or receive data.

[0078] The IEEE 802.11 High Efficiency WLAN (HEW) Study Group (SG) was created to explore enhancements to the Quality of Service (QoS) experienced by different types of wireless users in many usage scenarios, including high-density scenarios in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. For example, the HEW SG may consider use cases that support dense deployment of APs, STAs, and associated radio resource management (RRM) technologies. Example applications of HEW may include usage scenarios such as data delivery for stadium events and other high user density scenarios (e.g., train stations, enterprise / retail environments), video delivery, and wireless services for medical applications.

[0079] The IEEE 802.11 ax Task Group (TG) (TGax), approved by the HEW SG, has investigated and measured traffic for various use case scenarios and found that various applications may have a high probability for short packets and that certain network applications may generate short packets. Examples of network applications that may generate short packets include, but are not limited to, the following applications: virtual office, transmit power control (TPC) acknowledgement (ACK), video stream ACK, device / controller (e.g., mouse, keyboard, game control), access probe request / response, network selection probe request and ANQP, and / or control frames for network management. The 802.11ax standard may support multi-user (MU) features such as uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) OFDMA and / or UL and / or DL ​​MU-MIMO, which may benefit from UL multiplexing including UL random access multiplexing.

[0080] The IEEE 802.11ba Wake-up Radio (WUR) SG was created to explore and develop PHY and MAC protocols to provide enhanced low-power operation of 802.11 devices. The operating bands of the 802.11ba WUR may include 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz, and may be extended to below 1 GHz. In the example of an 802.11ba WUR, an 802.11 device may be equipped with a WUR and a primary connection radio (PCR). An AP and / or a non-AP STA may have a WUR as a companion radio to the PCR. The PCR may be used to transmit and receive conventional 802.11 packets (e.g., according to 802.11ac, 802.11af, 802.11ah, 802.11n, and / or 802.11ax), and the WUR may operate as a low-power companion radio to the PCR. The WUR may have at least the same coverage as a PCR operating over at least a 20 MHz payload bandwidth. Here, PCR may be interchangeably referred to as primary radio, main radio, 802.11 radio, WiFi radio, or primary transmission radio (PTR), and packets, frames, signals, signaling, and messages may be used interchangeably. Here, sleep, doze, or WUR mode (or state) may refer to a STA operating with its PCR turned off and / or its WUR turned on, so that less power is used to operate the WUR compared to the PCR. A STA operating in WUR mode and receiving a wake-up packet with a WUR may trigger or cause the corresponding PCR to wake up from a sleep state and power on. Here, a specific type of interframe space (IFS) may be given as an example; however, any other type of IFS (e.g., a reduced IFS (RIFS)) or any other time interval may be applied to the examples described herein.

[0081] In an example, the WUR may transmit and / or receive packets carrying control information. In an example, the WUR in the STA may be a one-way radio that is configured to receive messages, such as messages containing control information. The WUR may communicate on a narrowband channel (i.e., having a narrow frequency band) and / or may have an active receiver power consumption of less than 1 milliwatt (mW). In an example, the AP may operate on a 20 MHz PCR channel such that the 20 MHz PCR channel may include (i.e., within the 20 MHz frequency band) a 4 MHz WUR channel allocated for a WUR operating with a WUR-enabled (one or more) WTRUs. In another example, the AP may operate on a 20 MHz PCR channel such that the 20 MHz PCR channel may include and it includes more than one non-overlapping 4 MHz WUR channels allocated for a WUR operating with a WUR-enabled (one or more) WTRUs. In another example, an AP may operate on an 80 MHz PCR channel such that each 20 MHz PCR channel (within the 80 MHz channel) may include a 4 MHz WUR channel allocated for WUR operating with WUR-enabled WTRUs (for a total of four 4 MHz WUR channels).

[0082] Example applications of 802.11ba WUR may include, but are not limited to, the following applications: IoT devices, low power operation of smart phones, fast message / incoming call notification scenarios, fast status query / reporting applications, configuration change scenarios, and / or fast emergency / critical event reporting scenarios.

[0083] Figure 2 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR negotiation process 200 between an AP 201 and a STA 202, wherein the STA 202 is equipped with a WUR 204 and a PCR 206 (the STA 202 may include other components not shown, including Figure 1B102 components shown in ). PCR 206 may include a transceiver and may be an 802.11 radio operating according to an 802.11 protocol (e.g., 802.11n and / or 802.11ax). WUR 204 may include a transceiver or a receiver in the case where WUR 204 is configured for communication in one direction (i.e., reception). Example scenarios in which the WUR negotiation process 200 may be performed include, but are not limited to, the following scenarios: frequency band and channel negotiation; STA identifier (ID) allocation in a wake-up packet; an indication of the time required to turn on the 802.11 radio (i.e., PCR 206); and / or an indication of a periodic WUR 204 receiver on / off schedule. (One or more) WUR mode fields or (one or more) elements may be defined to provide information for WUR operation, including but not limited to: WUR establishment information, WUR channel information, WUR identity (ID), WUR duty cycle, and duration information for hopping or switching between PCR 206 and WUR 204. (One or more) WUR mode fields carrying WUR information may be included in any of the WUR negotiation frames (e.g., WUR request frame 210, WUR response frame 212, WUR signaling frame 214) and / or any other control or management frame (not shown, such as beacon frames, (re)association frames, and / or probe request / response frames).

[0084] The following time stages are shown in the example WUR negotiation process 200: stage 222, during which the WUR 204 is off and the PCR 206 is on; stage 224, during which the STA 202 is in a low power or WUR mode, wherein the WUR 204 is on and the PCR 206 is off; and stage 226, during which the WUR 204 is off and the PCR 206 is on. During stage 222, the STA 202 may send a WUR request message 210 to the AP 201 using the PCR 206. The STA 202 may receive a WUR response message 212 from the AP 201 using the PCR 206, which may include an indication that the STA 202 is authorized to use the WUR mode of operation. The STA 202 may send WUR signaling 214 (e.g., one or more messages) to the AP 201 using the PCR 206 to notify the AP 201 that the STA 202 is entering the WUR state and will use the WUR 204 and turn off the PCR 206. During phase 224, STA 202 is in a low power WUR state such that PCR 206 is turned off, and STA 202 may communicate with AP 201 using WUR 204. In an example, WUR 204 may operate in a unidirectional mode such that WUR 204 may receive packets from AP 201 and may not be used to send packets. During phase 224 when PCR 206 is turned off, STA 202 may receive a wake-up packet 216 from AP 201 using WUR 204, notifying STA 202 to turn on PCR 206. In response to the wake-up packet 216, STA 202 may turn on PCR 206 (e.g., after processing delay 228) and turn off WUR 204 in phase 226. During phase 226, STA 202 may exchange messages with AP 201. For example, STA 202 may send a power save poll (PS-Poll) and / or trigger frame(s) 218 ​​to AP 201 , and may receive data frame(s) 220 from AP 201 .

[0085] In an example, a STA supporting WUR (e.g., an AP or a non-AP STA) may use PCR to transmit an 802.11 signal on (one or more) wideband channels, and use WUR to transmit a WUR signal on (one or more) narrowband channels. For example, an 802.11 signal may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz, and 160 MHz. In contrast, the bandwidth of a WUR signal may be 4 MHz or 5 MHz. An 802.11 signal may be transmitted on a wideband channel that may or may not partially overlap with the WUR transmission signal. Narrowband transmissions may be more susceptible to channel fading than wideband transmissions. Therefore, even if the STA is very close to the transmitting STA (e.g., an AP), a STA experiencing deep channel fading may have difficulty receiving the WUR signal. Therefore, narrowband WUR transmissions may benefit from additional protection against channel fading.

[0086] In an example, WUR narrowband multi-channel transmission can be supported. For example, an AP can operate on an 802.11 wideband channel (e.g., a 20MHz channel) while supporting multiple non-overlapping narrowband WUR channels (e.g., 4 WUR channels at every 5MHz). The AP can use any of the following example methods to transmit multiple WUR signals concurrently on multiple WUR channels. In an example, a WUR channel (from multiple concurrent WUR channels) can be defined as a WUR primary channel, and a WUR beacon / synchronization signal can be transmitted on the WUR primary channel. All WUR STAs can monitor the WUR primary channel in order to receive the WUR beacon / synchronization signal. In another example, a WUR channel can be defined as a primary WUR channel, and a WUR beacon / synchronization signal can be sent in some or all of the WUR channels (i.e., not just the WUR primary channel). In another example, a WUR primary channel may not be defined, and a WUR beacon / synchronization signal may be transmitted on any or all of the WUR channels.

[0087] Figure 3A and 3B 304. FIG. 2 is a signaling diagram of an example beacon / sync signaling process 300A and 300B having multiple WUR channels 301, 302, 303, and 304. The example beacon / sync signaling process 300A and 300B may involve a beacon / sync signal transmitted by the WUR on all WUR channels 301-304. According to the example sync beacon / sync signaling process 300A, the WUR beacon / sync frame 306 1…4 The WUR beacon frame 310 may be transmitted concurrently on the channels 301-304 in a synchronized format, and the WUR beacon interval 308 may be the same for all WUR channels 301-304. According to the example offset beacon / synchronization signaling process 300B, the WUR beacon frame 310 1…4The WUR channel 302 may be transmitted on channels 301-304 with fixed offsets. For example, beacon / sync frame 3102 on WUR channel 302 may be transmitted on WUR channel 301 with a 1T offset duration after transmission of beacon / sync frame 3101. Beacon / sync frame 3103 on WUR channel 303 may be transmitted on WUR channel 301 with a 2T offset duration after transmission of beacon / sync frame 3101. Beacon / sync frame 3104 on WUR channel 304 may be transmitted on WUR channel 301 with a 3T offset duration after transmission of beacon / sync frame 3101. WUR beacon interval 312 1…4 Can have the same duration on all WUR channels 301-304.

[0088] According to an example, the AP may transmit beacon / sync frames on multiple channels (e.g., the WUR primary channel may or may not be used), and WUR channel switching or WUR channel hopping may be used during WUR operation. WUR channel switching may include renegotiating the WUR channel and / or WUR channel parameters with the AP each time the STA switches the WUR channel. For WUR channel hopping, the STA may change or hop between WUR channels according to a channel hopping pattern, where the AP and the STA already have information about the upcoming WUR channel. Examples of WUR channel switching and WUR channel hopping are described in detail below.

[0089] Figure 4 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR channel switching process 400. Figure 4 In the example of FIG. 4 , the AP 406 may transmit beacon / sync frames (not shown) on the plurality of WUR channels 401-404, for example, during the WUR channel establishment phase 415 and / or during the WUR channel monitoring phases 417 and 425. The WUR channels 401-404 may or may not include a WUR primary channel. During the WUR channel establishment phase 415, the AP 406 and the STA 408 may exchange WUR establishment information (e.g., WUR beacon / sync signal information, WUR duty cycle information, WUR channel information, and / or WUR rate information).

[0090] The STA 408 may transmit a WUR request frame 410 to its associated AP 406 on a primary channel 405 that may be associated with a primary operating radio (e.g., a PCR). The WUR request frame 410 may indicate the purpose of the STA 408 to enter a doze or sleep mode (i.e., by turning off the primary radio / PCR) on the primary channel 405 and to begin monitoring at least one WUR channel 401-404 (using one or more WURs). In the WUR request frame 410, the STA 408 may indicate (one or more) preferred WUR channels among multiple WUR channels 401-404. For example, the STA 408 may indicate a preferred channel index, a list of WUR channels in a preferred order, and / or a channel quality report for each WUR channel 401-404 in the WUR request frame 410 to the AP 406. For example, the channel quality report may include a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured on each WUR channel. In an example, a primary 802.11 channel (e.g., 20 GHz) may be comprised of WUR channels 401-404 such that a primary radio may be used to perform measurements on each WUR channel 401-404 (e.g., 4 GHz each with a guard band removed) by measuring signals transmitted on the primary 802.11 channel including WUR channels 401-404.

[0091] STA 408 may detect and receive a WUR response frame 412 from AP 406 on primary channel 405 (via primary radio). In an example, WUR response frame 412 may be received an IFS (e.g., x IFS) time after WUR request frame 410. WUR response frame 412 may indicate a WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 401) assigned to STA 408. WUR response frame 412 may indicate a WUR start time, which indicates a time when STA 408 may switch to WUR (e.g., the time may be set to x durations (x_duration) before the WUR beacon / sync frame, not shown, where x_duration may be a small duration that allows STA 408 to switch from the primary radio to the WUR radio). WUR response frame 412 may indicate other operating WUR channels of AP 406 (e.g., any of WUR channels 401-404).

[0092] The WUR response frame 412 may indicate a WUR beacon interval or synchronization signal periodicity. The WUR response frame 412 may indicate a maximum monitoring duration before the STA 408 switches the WUR channel. For example, if the STA 408 does not observe any valid WUR transmissions on the allocated WUR channel 401 during the maximum monitoring duration (e.g., equal to the monitoring phase 417), the STA 408 may attempt to switch to a different WUR channel (e.g., from the WUR channel 401 to the WUR channel 402). In another example, the maximum monitoring duration before switching may be predetermined or predetermined and may not be signaled by the AP 406. The WUR response frame 412 may indicate a maximum monitoring duration before the STA 408 switches from the WUR channel (e.g., the WUR channel 401) back to the primary radio (PCR) / primary channel 405. For example, if the STA 408 does not observe any valid WUR transmissions on the WUR channel 401 during the maximum monitoring duration, the STA 408 may attempt to switch back to the primary channel 405 / primary radio. In another example, the maximum monitoring duration before switching may be or may be predetermined and may not be signaled by the AP 406. The WUR response frame 412 may indicate a WUR STA ID assigned to the STA 408 (eg, for the WUR channel 401).

[0093] STA 408 may transmit a WUR signaling frame 414 on the primary channel 405, which may indicate that the WUR response frame 412 is received, and may indicate that the STA 408 is switching from the primary radio to the WUR after transmitting the WUR signaling frame 414. In an example, the STA 408 may transmit the WUR signaling frame 414 at an IFS time (e.g., y IFS) after receiving the WUR response frame 412. In an example not shown, the STA 408 may transmit the WUR signaling frame 414 in a transmission opportunity (TXOP) different from the TXOP during which the WUR request / response is exchanged (e.g., at a later time). The WUR signaling frame 414 may include an indication that the STA 408 will cut off the primary radio from the end of the transmission of the WUR signaling frame 414. The WUR signaling frame 414 may include an indication that the STA 408 will cut off the primary radio at the time indicated by the AP 406 as the WUR start time. The WUR signaling frame 414 may include an indication that the STA 408 turns on the WUR from the end of the transmission of the WUR signaling frame 414. The WUR signaling frame 414 may include an indication that the STA 408 switches off the primary radio during the time indicated by the AP 408 as the WUR start time. The WUR signaling frame 414 may include a WUR channel index and / or a WUR channel ID of the channel on which the STA 408 will operate (e.g., for WUR channel 401).

[0094] After the WUR signaling 414, the STA 408 may turn on the WUR and / or turn off the primary radio (e.g., from the end of the WUR signaling frame 414 transmission or at the time indicated by the AP 408 as the WUR start time). The STA 408 may monitor one or more of the allocated WUR channels 401-404 (e.g., the allocated WUR channel 401) at 416. For example, the STA 408 may monitor the WUR channel 401 for the maximum monitoring duration at 416. If the STA 408 does not observe any valid transmissions from the AP 406 during the maximum monitoring duration (e.g., the AP 406 does not transmit a wake-up STA packet 418 during the maximum monitoring duration equal to the monitoring phase 417), the STA 408 may transmit a WUR switch frame 420 to switch to a different WUR channel (e.g., from the WUR channel 401 to the WUR channel 402). The WUR switch frame 420 may carry the current WUR index / ID (eg, for WUR channel 401) and the WUR index / ID to be used (eg, for WUR channel 402).

[0095] To transmit the WUR switching frame 420, the STA 408 may turn on the primary radio and transmit the WUR switching frame 420 on the primary radio / primary channel 405 after monitoring the primary channel 405 for a predetermined or duration. The STA 408 may perform an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) backoff before the primary radio transmission of the WUR switching frame 420. In order to reduce power consumption on the primary radio, the STA 408 may use the EDCA parameters of the higher priority access category to transmit the WUR switching frame 420 on the primary channel 405. For example, the WUR switching frame 420 may be sent using a specific access category, such as AC_VI or AC_VO. The AP 406 may modify the EDCA access parameters by changing the EDCA parameter set elements in the beacon frame, the probe response frame, and the (re) association response frame (not shown). In the example, the WUR switching frame 420 may be a WUR request frame. The STA 408 may wait for the AP 406 to respond with a WUR response frame 412 on the primary channel 405, and then transmit another WUR signaling frame 420. The AP 406 and the STA(s) 408 may negotiate the WUR channel to be used using a WUR request and response frame exchange so that the STA 408 may use the agreed upon WUR channel (eg, WUR channel 402).

[0096] In another example not shown, STA 408 may determine an identification of an operating WUR channel based on a previous WUR request / response frame exchange, and STA 408 may determine a WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 401 or 402) that the WTRU should use to monitor and / or switch based on the identification. STA 408 may transmit information indicating the selected (one or more) WUR channels to AP 406 on primary channel 405. STA 406 may then switch to monitoring the WUR channel selected and indicated by STA 406.

[0097] In another example not shown, STA 408 may transmit a WUR switch frame 420 to AP 408 on a currently assigned WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 401). For example, STA 408 may wait for AP 406 to respond on the current WUR channel 401. STA 408 may then switch to a new WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 402). In another example, before switching, after STA 408 transmits a WUR switch frame 420 on the current WUR channel 401, STA 408 may switch to the new WUR channel 402. Once STA 408 switches to the new WUR channel 402, STA 408 may transmit a WUR switch channel frame (not shown) on the new WUR channel 402 to notify AP 406 about the WUR channel switch. STA 406 may expect to receive a confirmation from AP 408 on the new WUR channel 402.

[0098] Once STA 408 completes the switch to WUR channel 402, for example, STA 408 may monitor WUR channel 402 for a duration (e.g., a maximum monitoring duration) at 422, and may receive a wake-up STA frame 424 from AP 406. In another example not shown, STA 408 may continue to monitor the current WUR channel 401 without switching the WUR channel, even if STA 408 does not receive a frame while monitoring WUR channel 401 for the maximum monitoring duration at 416.

[0099] In an example of an AP-driven WUR triggering process, the AP may initiate a WUR request / response exchange with one or more STAs. For example, the AP triggers the WUR mode when any one or more of the following conditions are met: when the AP determines that (one or more) STAs are capable of WUR transmission; when the AP determines that (one or more) STAs intend to switch to WUR operation mode to save power; and / or when the AP does not have buffered data for (one or more) STAs.

[0100] For the AP-driven WUR trigger process, the AP may transmit a WUR trigger frame to one or more STAs via the main radio. The WUR trigger frame may carry the WUR operating channel, WUR start time, and / or WUR channel allocation for (one or more) STAs. The WUR trigger frame may be the same as the WUR response frame. Upon receiving the WUR trigger frame, the STA may check whether it is the intended recipient of the WUR trigger frame (e.g., whether the STA is identified in the WUR trigger frame). If the STA is the intended recipient, the STA may check whether it intends to turn on its WUR radio and / or cut off its main radio. If the WUR trigger frame is requested or allowed, the STA may transmit a WUR signaling frame (e.g., using a trigger-based PPDU). In the case where the WUR trigger frame is transmitted to multiple STAs, multiple STAs may respond simultaneously using OFDMA transmission. In each of the WUR signaling frames transmitted by (one or more) STAs, (one or more) STAs may indicate whether it will cut off the main radio and / or start using WUR. The WUR channel index that the STA can monitor may be included in the WUR signaling frame. The other elements of the AP driven WUR trigger process may be similar to the elements of the WUR STA process, such as those described above. Figure 4 Those elements described.

[0101] In an example, WUR channel hopping may be used as part of WUR operation. Figure 5 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR channel hopping process 500. Figure 5 In the example WUR channel hopping process 500, the AP 506 may transmit beacon / sync frames 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520 on one or more WUR channels 501, 502, 503, 504. The WUR channels 501, 502, 503, 504 may or may not include primary channels. Figure 5 The WUR beacon interval duration T is shown BI and WUR channel hopping duration T CH , which can be the duration that STA 508 monitors a particular or assigned WUR channel. For example, STA 508 can monitor a specific or assigned WUR channel from time T0 to time T0+T CH Monitor WUR channel 501 and can be started from time T0+T CH To time T0+2T CH Monitor the WUR channel 504. For example, the WUR channel hopping duration T CH It can be a beacon interval duration T BI The unit is the quantity.

[0102] The WUR channel hopping interval (HI), HI 522 and HI 524, may be defined as the interval between [t, t+T_CH], where t may be equal to the WUR start time (e.g., T0 for HI 522 and WUR channel 501), or an offset from the WUR start time (e.g., T0+T_CH for HI 524 and WUR channel 504). CH ). N may be an integer representing the number of channel hopping performed during the channel hopping interval HI 522. SW It may be the switching time for STA 508 to jump from one WUR channel to another WUR channel, and may be equal to or greater than 0. In the case of transmitting additional signaling to notify the WUR channel switching, the signaling time may be included in the switching time T SW In the example, the start time t of the WUR channel hopping interval HI can be generally defined by Equation 1:

[0103] t=T0+N*T CH +N*Tsw Equation 1

[0104] Figure 6 is a signaling diagram of an example WUR channel hopping process 600. AP 606 may transmit beacon / sync frames (not shown) on multiple WUR channels 601-604, such as during WUR channel establishment phase 615. WUR channels 601-604 may or may not include a WUR primary channel.

[0105] The STA 608 may transmit a WUR request frame 610 to its associated AP 606 on a primary channel 605 that may be associated with a primary operating radio (e.g., PCR). The WUR request frame 610 may indicate the purpose of the STA 608 to enter a doze mode (i.e., by turning off the primary radio / PCR) on the primary channel 605 and begin monitoring at least one WUR channel 601-604 (using one or more WURs). In the WUR request frame 610, the STA 608 may indicate a preferred (one or more) WUR channel among multiple WUR channels 601-604. For example, the STA 608 may send a preferred channel index, a list of WUR channels in a preferred order, and / or a channel quality report for each WUR channel 601-604. The channel quality report may include an SNR, SINR, or RSSI measured on each WUR channel 601-604.

[0106] STA 608 may detect and receive a WUR response frame 612 from AP 606 on the primary channel 605 (via the primary radio). In an example, the WUR response frame 612 may be received at an IFS (e.g., x IFS) time after the WUR request frame 610. The WUR response frame 612 may indicate a WUR channel hopping pattern to STA 608. In an example, the first WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 601) in the WUR channel hopping pattern may be used by STA 608 as the first WUR channel to be monitored. The WUR channel hopping pattern may pass through all available WUR channels operated by AP 606. For example, the AP may operate four WUR channels 601-604, and the hopping pattern may be indicated as a hopping order of [601, 604, 603, 602]. In another example, the WUR channel hopping pattern may pass through a selected subset of the WUR channels 601-604. For example, the hopping pattern may be [601, 604, 603] such that the STA 608 may not use the WUR channel 602. The WUR channel drop-down selection may depend on the WUR channel quality report and user density on each WUR channel 601-604. The WUR channel quality report may be explicitly provided to the AP 606 from the STA(s) 608, or may be implicitly obtained through bidirectional communication.

[0107] The WUR response frame 612 may indicate a starting WUR channel, which may be a field indicating a WUR channel to which the STA 608 switches after the WUR request / response is exchanged between the AP 606 and the STA 608. In an example, the starting WUR channel field may not be included in the WUR response frame 612, and the WUR starting channel may be determined according to the WUR channel hopping pattern. The WUR response frame 612 may indicate a WUR hopping periodicity or a WUR hopping duration (T CH ). The WUR hopping periodicity or duration field may indicate the duration that the STA 608 monitors (remains on) the WUR channel. The WUR response frame 612 may indicate the WUR start time. The WUR start time field may indicate the time when the STA 608 should switch to the WUR channel. For example, the WUR start time may be set to x_duration before the WUR beacon / sync frame, where x_duration may be a small duration that allows the STA 608 time to switch from the primary radio to the WUR radio. The WUR response frame 612 may indicate the WUR beacon interval or sync signal periodicity (T BI). The WUR response frame 612 may indicate a maximum monitoring duration. The maximum monitoring duration field may be in units of beacon intervals (BI) or hopping intervals (HI). In an example, the maximum monitoring duration may be long enough to cover channel hopping on all WUR channel candidates (e.g., WUR channels 601-604). The WUR response frame 612 may indicate a WUR STA ID assigned to STA 608 (e.g., for WUR channel 601).

[0108] The STA 608 may transmit a WUR signaling frame 614 on the primary channel 605, which may indicate that the WUR response frame 612 is received, and may indicate that the STA 608 is switching from the primary radio to the WUR after transmitting the WUR signaling frame 614. In an example, the STA 608 may transmit the WUR signaling frame 614 at an IFS time (e.g., y IFS) after receiving the WUR response frame 612. In an example not shown, the STA 608 may transmit the WUR signaling frame 614 in a TXOP different from the TXOP during which the WUR request frame 610 and the WUR response exchange 612 are exchanged. The WUR signaling frame 614 may include an indication that the STA 608 will disconnect the primary radio from the end of the transmission of the WUR signaling frame 614. The WUR signaling frame 614 may include an indication that the STA 608 will disconnect the primary radio at the time indicated by the AP 606 as the WUR start time. The WUR signaling frame 614 may include an indication that the STA 608 is turning on the WUR from the end of the transmission of the WUR signaling frame 614. The WUR signaling frame 614 may include an indication that the STA 608 switches off the primary radio at a time indicated by the AP 608 as the WUR start time. The WUR signaling frame 614 may include a WUR channel index and / or a WUR channel ID of the channel on which the STA 608 will operate (e.g., for WUR channel 601).

[0109] After the WUR signaling 614, the STA 608 may turn on the WUR and / or turn off the primary radio (e.g., from the end of the WUR signaling frame 614 transmission or at the time indicated by the AP 608 as the WUR start time). The STA 608 may monitor a WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 601) on the WUR channel hopping list in the WUR HI 617 at 616. If the STA 608 observes one or more WUR beacon / sync frames during the WUR HI 617, the STA 608 may adjust its timer based on the timing synchronization function (TSF) or partial TSF defined in the WUR beacon / sync frame. If a WUR packet (e.g., a WUR beacon / sync frame) arrives during the boundary of two HIs (e.g., HI 617 and HI 625), the STA 608 may continue to receive the WUR packet on the WUR channel it is currently monitoring (e.g., WUR channel 601), and then switch to the next WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 604 in HI 625) after receiving the WUR packet. This may cause a delay in the channel hopping, however, the delay may not affect the HI portion. In an example, the start time t of the WUR channel hopping interval HI (eg, the start time of HI 617 and HI 625) may be defined by Equation 1.

[0110] In the example WUR channel hopping process 600, the STA 608 may monitor the WUR channel 601 during the HI 617, and then the STA 608 may hop to the next WUR channel 604 as defined by the WUR channel hopping pattern. Once the STA 608 completes the hop to the WUR channel 602, the STA 608 may then monitor the WUR channel 604 for a duration HI 625 (e.g., which may be equal to the maximum monitoring duration) at 622 and may receive a wake-up STA frame 624 from the AP 406 during the HI 625. In an example, if the wake-up STA frame 624 is expected to cross the HI 625 time boundary, the wake-up STA frame 624 may be truncated to conform to the current HI 625. In an example not shown, if the STA 608 does not receive any valid transmissions during the maximum monitoring duration during the HI 625, the STA 608 may turn on its primary radio and / or associate with a new AP different from the AP 606.

[0111] Figure 77 is a signaling diagram of another example WUR channel hopping process 700. The example WUR channel hopping process 700 may operate similarly to the example WUR channel hopping process 600; specifically, the WUR channel establishment phase 715, the WUR request 710 / response 712 exchange, the WUR signaling 714, the WUR channel monitoring 716 for duration / HI 717 on the WUR channel 701, the WUR channel monitoring 722 for duration / HI 725 on the WUR channel 704, and the AP 706 sending the wake-up STA packet 724 to the STA 708 may be similar to the example WUR channel hopping process 600; Figure 6 The equivalent signaling and monitoring described in the example WUR channel hopping process 600. However, Figure 7 The example WUR channel hopping process 700 may also include a step in which the STA 708 may switch to the primary radio and the primary channel 705 between the HI 717 and the HI 725 in order to transmit the WUR switching signaling 728 and then switch back to the next WUR channel 704. For example, the WUR switching signal 728 may include the STA ID of the STA 708 that is switching its WUR channel, and / or may indicate the next WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 704) of the STA 708. In an example not shown, the STA 708 may transmit the WUR switching signaling 728 on the WUR channel 701 used during the last time slot in the HI 717. In another example not shown, the STA 708 may switch to the next WUR channel 704 to transmit the WUR switching signal 728 on the next WUR channel 704 at the beginning of the next HI 725.

[0112] exist Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the WUR channel hopping process 600 and 700, a STA driven WUR request / response exchange is shown, however, an AP driven WUR negotiation exchange as disclosed herein may also be used. For WUR channel hopping and retransmission, the AP may transmit a WUR packet to the STA on one of the WUR channels. If the AP determines that the WUR packet transmission is unsuccessful, it may hold the WUR packet retransmission and wait for a channel hop before retransmitting the packet. The AP may perform a WUR retransmission after the STA hops to another WUR channel.

[0113] An example WUR transmission process may employ a primary WUR channel. For example, a primary WUR channel may be defined or selected from available WUR channels, and a beacon / synchronization signal may be transmitted on the primary WUR channel. Figure 8801 acts as a primary channel. The WUR transmission process 800 may begin with STA 808 transmitting a WUR request frame 810 to its associated AP 806 on the primary operating radio and primary channel 805 to indicate that STA 808 intends to enter doze mode (i.e., by turning off the primary radio PCR) on the primary channel 805 and start monitoring on at least one WUR channel 801-804. The WUR request frame 810 may indicate the preference of STA 808 among multiple WUR channels 801-804. For example, STA 808 may send a preferred WUR channel index, a list of WUR channels in order of preference, and / or a channel quality report for each WUR channel 801-808. The channel quality may be the SNR, SINR, and / or RSSI measured from each WUR (e.g., on the primary channel).

[0114] STA 808 may detect and receive a WUR response frame 812 from AP 806 on primary channel 805 (via primary radio). In an example, WUR response frame 812 may be received an IFS (e.g., x IFS) time after WUR request frame 810. WUR response frame 812 may indicate a primary WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 801) by, for example, a WUR channel index or WUR channel ID. WUR response frame 812 may indicate any one or more of the following information to STA 808: an allocated WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 804); a WUR start time, which indicates a time when STA 808 may switch to WUR (e.g., x_duration before a WUR beacon / sync frame, where x_duration may be a small duration that allows STA 808 to switch from the primary radio to the WUR radio); other operating WUR channels; a WUR beacon interval or sync signal periodicity; and / or a maximum monitoring duration before STA 808 returns to the primary radio. For the maximum monitoring direction, if the STA 808 does not observe any valid WUR transmission during the maximum monitoring duration, the STA 808 may attempt to switch back to the primary radio (PCR). The maximum monitoring duration may be predetermined and may not be signaled by the AP 806.

[0115] STA 808 may transmit a WUR signaling frame 814 on the primary channel 805, which may indicate that the WUR response frame 812 is received and may indicate that the STA 808 is switching from the primary radio to the WUR after transmitting the WUR signaling frame 814. In an example, the STA 808 may transmit the WUR signaling frame 814 a specific number of IFS times after receiving the WUR response frame 812. In an example not shown, the STA 808 may transmit the WUR signaling frame 814 in a TXOP different from the WUR request / response exchange TXOP. The WUR signaling frame 814 may include an indication that the STA 808 will disconnect the primary radio from the end of the transmission of the WUR signaling frame 814. The WUR signaling frame 814 may include an indication that the STA 808 will disconnect the primary radio at the time indicated by the AP 806 as the WUR start time. The WUR signaling frame 814 may include an indication that the STA 808 is turning on the WUR from the end of the transmission of the WUR signaling frame 814. The WUR signaling frame 814 may include an indication that the STA 408 switches off the primary radio at a time indicated by the AP 808 as the WUR start time. The WUR signaling frame 814 may include a WUR channel index and / or a WUR channel ID of the channel on which the STA 808 will operate (e.g., for WUR channel 801).

[0116] After the WUR signaling 814, the STA 808 may turn on the WUR and / or turn off the primary radio (e.g., from the end of the WUR signaling frame 814 transmission or at the time indicated by the AP 806 as the WUR start time). The STA 808 may monitor the WUR primary channel 801 at 816. After detecting the beacon / sync signal 818 transmitted on the WUR primary channel 801, the STA 808 may determine the WUR group (e.g., based on the WUR channel allocation element or field that may have been provided in the beacon / sync signal 818 or the WUR response frame 812). The STA 808 may determine its allocated (one or more) WUR channels (e.g., WUR channel 803) by examining the elements / fields in the beacon / sync signal 818 and / or the WUR response frame 812 that contain the STA ID to WUR channel index (or ID) mapping. After determining the allocated WUR channel 803, the STA 808 may monitor the allocated WUR channel 803 after receiving the WUR beacon / sync signal 818 at 820.

[0117] STA 808 may switch back to the WUR primary channel 801 x_duration before the boundary of the WUR BI 825. STA808 may monitor 824 the WUR primary channel 801 and detect a beacon / sync signal 822 transmitted on the WUR primary channel 801. STA 808 may determine its assigned (one or more) WUR channels (e.g., WUR channel 804) by checking an element / field containing a STA ID to WUR channel index (or ID) mapping (e.g., in the beacon / sync signal 818 and / or 822). After determining the next assigned WUR channel 804, STA 808 may monitor the assigned WUR channel 804 after receiving the WUR beacon / sync signal 822 at 826, and may receive a wake-up STA frame 828 from AP 806 during BI 825. In an example not shown, if STA 808 does not observe a WUR beacon / sync signal on the primary WUR channel 801 during the maximum monitoring duration / BI 825, STA 808 may switch back to the primary radio. STA 808 may retransmit a WUR report frame, which may indicate that STA 808 failed to receive a WUR beacon / sync signal on the current primary WUR channel 801. In another example not shown, WUR channel allocation for STA 808 may be performed on the primary channel 805 using WUR establishment (re)negotiation, so that STA 808 may monitor the WUR beacon / sync signal on the primary WUR channel 801 to confirm connectivity and obtain timing information.

[0118] In an example, a WUR transmission may involve a subset of WUR channels from a larger set of possible resource units (RUs) and / or subchannels. The AP may define a subset of RUs (and / or subchannels) as WUR channels for the AP's BSS (which may be referred to as a WUR BSS). For example, a subset of RUs in the main channel of the AP's BSS may be defined as a set of WUR channels for the AP's BSS. In another example, a subset of RUs (and / or subchannels) of the AP's operating channel may be considered a set of WUR channels for the BSS. A subset of RUs and / or subchannels may be selected to minimize the correlated fading on each of the WUR channels. For example, if the WUR channel is 4 MHz wide, subchannel 1 and subchannel 3 in the main 20 MHz channel may be considered a set of WUR channels for the BSS. In another example, subchannel 1, subchannel 3, channel 5, and channel 7 in the main 40 MHz channel may be considered a set of WUR channels for the BSS. In an example, the WUR channel set may be indicated to the STA by the AP using a bitmap. In an example, the indication of the WUR channel set may also include an indication of the WUR channel width and / or an indication of a starting frequency or offset for a primary channel.

[0119] An indication of a WUR channel set may be included in an information element (IE), for example in a management, control, data, extended, or null data packet (NDP) frame. For example, a WUR channel setup indication may be provided in a (short) beacon frame, a probe response frame, a (re) association response frame, and / or a fast initial link establishment (FILS) discovery frame. A WUR channel setup indication may be included in a wake-up STA request and / or a wake-up STA response frame.

[0120] The WUR channel set indication and WUR channel change process may include the AP determining a WUR channel set and including one or more subchannels / RUs in the WUR channel set (e.g., (one or more) primary channels and / or its operating channels from the AP). For example, the AP may indicate to (one or more) STAs that the WUR channel is set in a (short) beacon, a probe response, a (re)association response, and / or a fast initial link establishment (FILS) discovery frame. The STA may send a WUR request frame to the AP before the STA goes to sleep (i.e., powers off its PCR and turns on its WUR). The WUR request frame may include a set of one or more preferred WUR channels for the STA. The preferred WUR channel set may be determined based on the WUR channel set announced by the AP and may be a subset of the WUR channel set. In an example, the preferred WUR channel set sent by the STA may include a preferred index based on measurements (e.g., SNR, SINR, RSSI) made by the STA on the WUR channel.

[0121] The WUR channel change process may include the AP responding to the STA with a WUR response frame after receiving a preferred WUR channel set from the STA. The WUR response frame may include a preferred WUR channel set, which may be the same as or different from the preferred WUR channel set sent by the STA. After receiving the WUR response frame, the STA may enter a doze state (PCR off, WUR on) and may monitor one or more agreed WUR channel sets. For example, the STA may monitor only the preferred WUR channel set, which may be agreed upon by the AP and the STA, or indicated by the AP. The AP may regularly transmit WUR beacons / synchronization signals on one or more of the WUR channels in the (one or more) WUR channel set, and the AP announces and / or agrees with the STA associated with the AP that is currently monitoring the WUR channel. The AP may transmit WUR beacons / synchronization signals on all WUR channels (e.g., subchannels) that are part of the announced or agreed (one or more) WUR channel sets. These transmissions of WUR beacons / synchronization signals by the AP may be concurrent or interleaved.

[0122] The WUR channel change process may include the STA switching to the next preferred WUR channel (e.g., subchannel) in the agreed WUR channel set after not detecting any WUR beacon / sync signal within a predetermined time interval (e.g., the duration of the maximum missed WUR beacon interval (Max_Missed_WUR_Beacon_Interval)). If the STA detects a WUR beacon / sync signal on the current WUR channel within the predetermined interval, the STA may continue to monitor the same WUR channel. The STA may send a WUR packet and / or a PCR packet to alert the AP of its new WUR channel. The WUR packet may simply include a WUR channel index and an identifier of the STA and an identifier of the AP for this purpose. If the WUR beacon / sync signal cannot be detected, the STA may switch to the next preferred WUR channel that is part of the agreed WUR channel set. If the STA fails to detect a WUR beacon / sync signal on one or more WUR channels that are part of the agreed WUR channel set, the STA may turn on its primary radio and renegotiate the WUR channel set with the AP, which may include one or more subchannels or RUs.

[0123] In certain scenarios, the STA may request the WUR AP to perform channel sounding. For example, if any advertised WUR channel (e.g., subchannel) of the WUR channel set is not suitable for the STA, the STA may request the AP to perform WUR channel sounding. As part of the WUR channel sounding, the AP may transmit NDP frames and / or WUR sounding frames concurrently or continuously on one or more or all available WUR channels. The STA may provide feedback based on the WUR sounding frames transmitted by the AP and received by the STA. The AP may adjust the advertised WUR channel set for the STA, and / or the STA may renegotiate a new agreed WUR channel set with the AP (e.g., using a WUR request / response frame exchange sequence). In an example, a WUR request frame sent from a STA to an AP may include a sounding request for a WUR channel.

[0124] The process for WUR transmission may include the use of a WUR trigger frame. The following description of the WUR trigger frame may apply to the WUR response frame, or the WUR response frame described herein may be a WUR trigger frame. The AP may transmit a WUR trigger frame (or WUR response frame) that may carry information about WUR channel operation and allocation. The AP may transmit the WUR trigger frame via the primary radio. In an example, the WUR trigger frame may be a unicast frame to one STA. In another example, the WUR trigger frame may be a broadcast or multicast frame to more than one STA. In the case of a multicast frame, the WUR trigger frame may have a trigger frame format and may include a trigger type field / value (e.g., in a common information field) that may be set to a "WUR trigger" type. An example of a WUR trigger frame format (which may also be a WUR response frame format) is shown in Table 1.

[0125]

[0126] Table 1: Example WUR trigger frame format

[0127] The fields that may be included in the WUR trigger frame (or response frame) format include, but are not limited to, the following fields: a frame control field, which may indicate that the frame type is a WUR trigger frame; a duration field, which may indicate the duration of the TXOP; a receiver address (RA) field; a transmitter address (TA) field; a common information (info) field; one or more user information fields; padding; and / or a frame check sequence (FCS) field for cyclic redundancy check. The RA field may be the address of the STA that receives the WUR trigger frame, and may be a group MAC address (e.g., for multiple STAs). The TA field may include the address of the AP / STA that transmits the WUR trigger frame. The common information field may include any one or more of the following example subfields. For example, the common information field may include a WUR operating channel field and / or a WUR primary operating channel field. The common information field may include a WUR beacon / synchronization mode field, which may indicate whether the WUR beacon / synchronization signal will be transmitted on each WUR channel or the primary WUR channel. The common information field may include a WUR beacon interval or synchronization signal interval field, which may define the periodicity of the WUR synchronization signal. The common information field may include a WUR beacon offset, which may indicate whether a particular offset may be applied across multiple WUR channels operated by the same AP (e.g., this may be used in a scenario where a WUR beacon / sync signal is transmitted on each WUR channel). The common information field may include a WUR channel switching allowed field, which may indicate whether WUR channel switching is allowed. The common information field may include a WUR channel hopping allowed field, which may indicate whether WUR channel hopping is allowed. In an example, the WUR channel switching allowed field and / or the WUR channel hopping allowed field may be included in the user information field of the WUR trigger frame. The common information field may include a maximum monitoring duration, which may be the maximum duration that a STA may monitor a WUR channel before switching or hopping to a different WUR channel, or switching to the primary radio.

[0128] Each user information field may include any one or more of the following example subfields. For example, the user information field may include an association identifier (AID) or WUR_ID that identifies a STA in a WUR BSS. The user information field may include a WUR channel allocation field, a WUR channel hopping mode field, and / or a WUR start time field. The WUR start time field may indicate the time when the STA can switch to the WUR (e.g., the start time may be set to x_duration before the WUR beacon / sync frame, where x_duration may be a small segment duration that allows the STA to switch from the primary radio to the WUR).

[0129] In some scenarios, as described above, the full WUR negotiation process between the AP and (one or more) STAs may not be used or required, but as described below, a short WUR negotiation process (or short WUR negotiation signaling) may be used. For example, using a WUR channel switching operation, the AP and the STA may negotiate the use and settings of the WUR channel before the STA enters WUR mode (i.e., when the STA is on the primary radio / primary channel). Once the STA is in WUR mode using WUR operation and the primary radio is turned off (i.e., sleep mode), the STA may wake up its primary radio and transmit on the primary radio / primary channel at intervals to request a switch to other WUR channels. In these cases, the AP and the STA may not renegotiate the use and / or settings of (one or more) WUR channels, but may communicate only about the next WUR channel of the WUR channel switch. Therefore, in this case, the information exchanged between the AP and the STA may be "short", so that only a subset of the parameters included in the initial WUR establishment negotiation is exchanged, and a short WUR negotiation may be used. Similarly, the channel hopping process and other WUR negotiation processes may use short WUR negotiations, as described below.

[0130] In an example, a trigger frame may be used to trigger multiple STAs (multi-STA) to transmit short WUR signaling. In another example, the STA may transmit short WUR signaling, and the AP may reply or respond with short WUR signaling with or without the AP sending a trigger frame. The STA may then return to WUR mode using the updated WUR settings renegotiated using short WUR signaling.

[0131] Fig. 9 900 is a signaling diagram of an example short WUR negotiation process 900 using short WUR action frames. The AP 906 and the STA 908 may negotiate and exchange WUR establishment information during a WUR channel establishment phase 915, such as via an exchange of WUR request frames 910, WUR response frames 912, and / or WUR signaling frames 914. The WUR establishment information may include, but is not limited to, any of the following information: WUR beacon / synchronization information, WUR duty cycle information, WUR channel information, WUR data rate information, and / or short WUR negotiation information. The short WUR negotiation information may indicate that the STA 908 and / or the AP 906 may transmit (one or more) short WUR action frames over the primary radio (PCR) during a stage in the WUR process when the STA 908 temporarily turns on its PCR in order to receive updated WUR establishment information.

[0132] Based on the WUR establishment information, STA 908 may switch to WUR channel 901 (or multiple WUR channels) during stage 917 to monitor WUR beacon frames and / or wake-up packets transmitted from AP 906 on WUR channel 901 at 916. STA 908 may not receive a signal (e.g., wake-up STA frame 918) from the AP during interval 917. STA 908 may follow the WUR duty cycle establishment and periodically switch between the WUR duty on phase and the WUR duty off phase to further save power. For example, when STA 908 is in WUR duty off mode, STA 908 may not monitor WUR channel 901 and save more power (e.g., by turning off WUR in addition to turning off the main radio) or the STA may monitor WUR channel 901 but only monitor WUR beacon / sync frames (without monitoring other frames, such as wake-up STA frames). When STA 908 is in WUR duty on mode, the STA may monitor any frame on WUR channel 901.

[0133] STA 908 may switch to the primary radio to monitor the primary channel 405 during WUR operation, such as during time phase 920, in any of the following example scenarios. In an example scenario, STA 908 may maintain a timer for the last received packet on WUR channel 901 during phase 917. If the timer exceeds a maximum monitoring duration (e.g., a maximum monitoring duration as / pre-specified / negotiated), STA 908 may wake up its primary radio and switch to the primary channel 405. In another example scenario, STA 908 may maintain a WUR beacon count or a count of lost WUR beacons. If the number or percentage of lost WUR beacons exceeds a parameter (e.g., a maximum number of lost WUR beacons (MaxNumberMissedWURBeacons)) during a time phase (e.g., phase 917), STA 908 may turn on its primary radio and monitor the primary channel 405. In another example scenario, if the number or percentage of WUR beacons received in a time period (e.g., period 917) is lower than another parameter (e.g., a minimum number of received beacons (MinNumberReceivedBeacons)), the STA 908 may turn on its primary radio and monitor the primary channel 405.

[0134] In another example scenario, STA 908 may switch to the primary radio because STA 908 detects a signal on WUR channel 901 having an energy level below a threshold energy level that STA 908 cannot decode. In another example scenario, STA 908 may switch to the primary radio because STA 908 requests (e.g., suggests) use of a higher data rate on the currently allocated WUR channel 901. STA 908 may decide to request a higher rate because STA 908 successfully decoded a plurality / predetermined number of WUR packets when STA 908 was operating below a maximum rate. In another example scenario, STA 908 may switch to the primary radio because STA 908 requests (e.g., suggests) use of a lower rate on the currently allocated WUR channel 901. STA 908 may decide to request a higher rate because STA 908 detected a transmission failure due to a low SNR when STA 908 was operating above a minimum rate. In another example scenario, the STA 908 may switch to the primary radio because the STA 908 may periodically wake up to report information to the AP 906. Examples of information reported by the STA 908 to the AP 906 may include, but are not limited to, WUR channel conditions and / or interference on current or desired WUR channels (e.g., WUR channel 901, WUR channel 902). The AP 906 and the STA 908 may negotiate the wake-up periodicity of the primary radio during WUR operation during the initial WUR setup frame exchange (e.g., exchanging WUR request frames 910, WUR response frames 912, and / or WUR signaling frames 914 during stage 915).

[0135] When the STA 908 turns on its primary radio, the STA 908 may send a short WUR action frame 922 on the primary radio on the primary channel 905 to update the WUR setup information. In an example, the transmission of the short WUR action frame 922 may be determined and / or negotiated in a previous WUR setup frame exchange on the primary channel 905 (e.g., the WUR request frame 910, the WUR response frame 912, and / or the WUR signaling frame 914 exchanged during stage 915). The short WUR frame 922 may include any of the following example information: a short WUR indication indicating that the WUR frame 922 is a short WUR frame; a reason for the current wake-up of the primary radio of the STA 908 (e.g., a maximum monitoring duration (MaxMonitoringDuration) timeout, exceeding too many missing WUR beacons (TooManyMissedWURBeacons), rate adaptation, channel switching, or channel hopping); and / or a short WUR request indicating that the STA requests a short WUR action frame from the AP to change the WUR setting.

[0136] The WUR signaling frames 922, 924, and 926 transmitted between the two WUR switching or hopping intervals HI 917 and HI 932 may be simplified frames or short frames. For example, the WUR signaling frames 922, 924, and 926 may be frames of the same or different frame type as that transmitted during the initial WUR negotiation and establishment phase (e.g., the WUR request frame 910). For example, the WUR signaling frame 922 may be a WUR request NDP frame, which may include a field indicating an NDP media access control (MAC) frame (e.g., in a signal (SIG) or SIG-A / B field), and / or a field indicating the type of NDP frame (e.g., a value may be set to indicate a WUR request NDP frame). For example, once the NDP MAC frame field is set, the SIG field and / or the SIG-A / B field may indicate a wake-up cause.

[0137] In another example, the WUR signaling frame 922 may be a WUR response NDP frame, which may include a field indicating an NDP MAC frame (e.g., in a SIG or SIG-A / B field), and / or a field indicating the type of the NDP frame (e.g., a value may be set to indicate a WUR response NDP frame). For example, once the NDP MAC frame field is set, the SIG field and / or the SIG-A / B field may include any of the following information: updated WUR channel allocation (e.g., channel index or channel bitmap); updated WUR primary channel (e.g., channel index or channel bitmap); updated WUR rate setting (e.g., rate index); and / or updated duty cycle setting. In another example, instead of using the NDP MAC frame format for the short WUR action frame 922, a short WUR MAC frame may be designed using a QoS null frame or MAC frame.

[0138] The AP 906 may receive the short WUR frame 922 from the STA 908, and may determine to transmit a short WUR action frame 924 to the STA 908 in response, for example, if a response was negotiated in a previous WUR setting, and / or the reason for the wakeup was indicated in the received short WUR frame 922. In an example not shown, the AP 906 may respond to the short WUR action frame 922 with a full WUR action frame (i.e., non-short). The short WUR action frame 924 transmitted by the AP 906 may include any of the following information (fields): a short WUR indication field, which may indicate that the WUR action frame 924 is a short WUR action frame; a WUR setting update field, which may indicate an updated WUR channel allocation; an updated WUR primary channel field; an updated WUR rate setting field; and / or an updated duty cycle setting field.

[0139] STA 908 may receive a short WUR action frame 924 from AP 906 and may respond to AP 906 with a WUR signaling frame or a short WUR action frame 926 on the primary channel 905 to indicate that STA 908 will switch back to the WUR channel (e.g., WUR channel 902) and / or confirm the updated WUR settings based on the short WUR action frame exchange during phase 920. During the WUR phase 932, STA 908 may monitor WUR channel 902 at 928 and receive a wake-up STA frame 930 from AP 906.

[0140] The process may be used to update a subset of existing WUR operating parameters in a WUR-enabled STA using WUR transit mode. In WUR transit mode, signals may be transmitted over the primary radio and the negotiated WUR parameters may remain valid until they are modified or updated, for example, via a short WUR frame or other control / management frame that may be used to update one or more of the WUR parameters. For example, the transit mode may be used to efficiently perform channel and / or rate adaptation. Fig. 10A A state diagram of an example radio operation transition process 1000A for a WUR-enabled STA is shown. In PCR mode 1030 and transition mode 1034, the STA turns the PCR on and turns the WUR off, and in WUR mode 1032, the STA turns the PCR off (e.g., in a sleep or doze state) and turns the WUR on. In PCR mode 1030, the STA may operate according to non-WUR 802.11 operation (e.g., according to 802.11AC or 802.11n). When the STA transitions between PCR mode 1030 and WUR mode 1032, the STA may complete a full WUR parameter negotiation 1038 (from PCR 1030 mode to WUR mode 1032) and / or a full WUR teardown (from WUR mode 1032 to PCR mode 1030). The WUR teardown may include a frame exchange between the STA and the AP on the PCR, which indicates that the STA stops the current WUR mode and that the current WUR parameters are no longer valid. When the STA switches between WUR transition mode 1034 and WUR mode 1032, the STA may use the short WUR negotiation process 1040 as described herein (e.g., as described in Fig. 9 described), so that the STA can maintain some, most or even all previously negotiated WUR parameters the next time the STA enters WUR mode 1032.

[0141] Fig. 10B1000B is a flow chart of an example WUR channel parameter renegotiation process 1000B, which may be performed by a WUR-enabled STA when switching between a WUR mode and a transition mode. Short WUR frames may be used for parameter renegotiation. At 1002, the STA may monitor WUR beacons (and / or WUR frames) on the allocated WUR channel. At 1004, the STA may determine whether the STA successfully receives any WUR beacons (or WUR frames) within a duration (e.g., a time period maximum beacon monitoring duration (MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration)).

[0142] If the STA does not receive a WUR beacon (or WUR frame) within the duration, this may be because the WUR channel conditions may not support reliable transmission, and the STA may perform any of the following actions. At 1010, the STA may switch to a PCR with a WUR transition mode and may set the wakeup cause to "WUR channel quality may not support reliable transmission". At 1012, the STA may wake up / switch to the primary radio (PCR) and may send a short WUR request frame including the wakeup cause to the AP and / or the STA may send a control / management frame including the wakeup cause and the WUR parameters to be updated (e.g., WUR channel allocation). At 1014, the STA may receive a short WUR response frame or any other control / management frame over the primary radio, which may include a new WUR channel allocation (e.g., the channel allocation may be indicated by a WUR channel index, a PCR channel index, or a channel bitmap). At 1016, the STA may send a WUR signal indicating that the STA is switching to WUR (and dozing the primary radio) based on the new WUR channel allocation and based on any updated WUR parameters. WUR parameters that are not updated may remain the same as previously negotiated.

[0143] If the STA has successfully received the WUR beacon within the duration, then at 1006, the STA may determine whether the STA has received the WUR frame within the duration (e.g., the maximum WUR frame monitoring duration MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration). If the STA receives some WUR beacon frames, but does not receive any or enough WUR frames within the duration (as determined at 1006), then at 1018, the STA may determine whether the STA is operating at the lowest WUR data rate. If the STA is already operating at a lower WUR rate, it may be because the WUR channel conditions cannot support reliable transmission, and the STA may continue to proceed to each of 1010-1016 as described above.

[0144] If the STA is not operating at the minimum WUR rate, then at 1020, the STA may switch to a PCR with a WUR transition mode and set the wakeup cause to "WUR data rate too high". At 1022, the STA may switch to the primary radio and send a short WUR request frame including the wakeup cause, and / or the STA may send a control / management frame including the wakeup cause and the WUR parameters to be updated. At 1024, the STA may receive a short WUR response frame or any other control / management frame, which may include a new WUR rate allocation for the STA. At 1026, the STA may send a WUR signal indicating that the STA is switching to WUR (and dozing the primary radio) based on the new WUR rate allocation and based on any updated WUR parameters. WUR parameters that are not updated may remain the same as previously negotiated.

[0145] If it is determined at 1004 and 1006 that the STA successfully receives a sufficient number of WUR beacons and WUR frames within a certain time period (for example, compared to one or more thresholds), then at 1008, the STA may follow the instructions based on the received (one or more) WUR frames and may continue to use the previously negotiated WUR parameters.

[0146] The above examples relate to exemplary predetermined durations MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration and MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration. MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration can be the maximum duration for which a STA uses PCR to monitor beacon frames. If no beacon frame is detected during MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration, the STA can switch to the PCR mode or the WUR transition mode. MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration can be set according to the WUR beacon interval. For example, MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration can be set to M times the WUR beacon interval, where M or MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration can be a certain / predetermined / preconfigured integer. In the case where M or MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration is configurable, it can be signaled in a WUR action frame or other control / management frame carrying WUR parameters and transmitted via PCR. MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration can be determined by the STA category or STA type. For example, a table can be defined and each STA category can have its own default MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration. Thus, through STA capability exchange, MaxBeaconMonitoringDuration can be determined explicitly or implicitly. For example, the STA categories can be defined as follows (where X1, X2, and T can be preconfigured or predefined): On average, a STA can expect a minimum traffic exchange (<X1 Mbits) with the AP within a duration of T; On average, a STA can expect an intermediate traffic exchange (>=X1Mbits and <X2Mbits) with the AP within a duration of T; On average, a STA can expect a high traffic exchange (>=X2 Mbits) with the AP within a duration of T.

[0147] MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration can be the maximum duration that a STA can monitor WUR frames. If no WUR frames are detected during the MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration, the STA can switch to PCR mode or WUR conversion mode. MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration can be a certain / predetermined / preconfigured number. In the case where MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration is configurable, it can be signaled in a WUR action frame or other control / management frame carrying WUR parameters and transmitted via PCR. MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration can be determined by STA category or STA type. For example, a table can be defined and each STA category can have its own default MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration. Therefore, the MaxWURFrameMonitoringDuration can be determined explicitly or implicitly through STA capability exchange.

[0148] In the example, a duration "MaxMonitoringDuration" can be defined / configured, which can be used as the maximum duration for WUR beacon monitoring and WUR frame monitoring. If the STA does not detect any WUR packet (beacon or WUR frame) at MaxMonitoringDuration, the STA can enter PCR mode or WUR transition mode. MaxMonitoringDuration can be a certain / predetermined / preconfigured number. When MaxMonitoringDuration is configurable, it can be signaled in a WUR action frame or other control / management frame carrying WUR parameters and transmitted via PCR. MaxMonitoringDuration can be determined by STA category or STA type. For example, a table can be defined and each STA category can have its own default MaxMonitoringDuration. Therefore, the MaxMonitoringDuration can be determined explicitly or implicitly through STA capability exchange.

[0149] To simplify 802.11ba WUR-enabled STAs, 802.11ba WUR signals (e.g., transmitted by an AP) may be limited to a certain frequency band. However, in the event that the WUR receiver experiences fading due to a multipath channel, the WUR signal may not be successfully demodulated at the WUR receiver. In order to prevent multipath channel fading experienced on any one frequency band, the WUR receiver may periodically monitor different frequency bands. According to an example process for configuring the frequency bands / channels monitored by a WUR receiver in an 802.11ba WUR-enabled STA, the AP may send an indication or signaling to the primary radio (PCR) of the WUR-enabled STA to indicate (one or more) frequency bands. The PCR of the WUR-enabled STA may configure its WUR receiver so that the WUR receiver may periodically monitor 802.11ba signals from the indicated frequency bands / channels. For example, the AP may transmit the WUR signal by periodically using the negotiated frequency band / channel, and the WUR receiver may accordingly be periodically tuned to the indicated frequency band to receive the 802.11ba signal from the indicated frequency band.

[0150] In another example, the primary radio (e.g., an 802.11ax radio) of a WUR-enabled STA may indicate the frequency band of an 802.11ba signal to the AP. For example, the frequency band may be part of a radio capability setting and may be transmitted to the AP based on a request from the AP. In response, the AP may indicate to the primary radio of the WUR-enabled STA that the frequency band of the 802.11ba signal may be included before the primary radio enters sleep mode. In another example, the AP may confirm the frequency band indicated for the 802.11ba signal by sending a confirmation signal to the primary radio of the WUR-enabled STA. Once the frequency band of the 802.11ba signal is negotiated for the STA and the AP, the STA may adjust the settings of the WUR receiver (e.g., an 802.11ba receiver) to scan on the indicated frequency band. The AP may transmit the 802.11ba signal by periodically using the negotiated frequency band. The WUR receiver in the STA may periodically tune to receive signals from the indicated frequency band. In another example, the frequency band that may include the 802.11ba signal may be directly indicated to the STA's WUR through the WUR primary channel via the 802.11ba signal. In another example, a WUR channel set may be defined as a primary WUR frequency band.

[0151] Fig.111 is a frequency allocation diagram of an example frequency allocation 1100 for a WUR-enabled STA 1102. The frequency allocation 1100 may include an 802.11ax allocation of a frequency band 1106 to be used by the primary radio (PCR) of the STA 1102. The frequency allocation 1100 may also include frequency locations / channels / bands 1108 and 1110 as default frequency bands to be used by the WUR of the STA 1102 to monitor for WUR signals. The frequency bands 1108 and 1110 may be indicated to the STA 1102, for example, by an AP (not shown). The WUR of the STA 1102 may scan the frequency bands 1108 and 1110, and when performing a WUR frequency scan, the STA 1102 may skip frequency bands, such as frequency band 1112. The WUR channel of the STA 1102 may be changed so that the WUR may scan the newly indicated frequency bands (e.g., the WUR frequency bands may be changed to frequency bands 1108 and 1112).

[0152] Although the embodiments and examples described herein consider 802.11 specific protocols, it should be understood that the schemes described herein are not limited to these scenarios and may also be applied to other wireless systems.

[0153] Although the features and elements are described above in specific combinations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware that is incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. A station (STA), the STA comprising: Primary Connection Radio (PCR); Wake-up Radio (WUR); as well as A processor, wherein: The PCR is configured to send a first WUR frame including an indication of a request to enter WUR mode, WUR duty cycle information, WUR channel information, and WUR data rate information to an access point (AP), wherein the WUR channel information includes a preferred channel index indicating a recommended WUR channel; The PCR is configured to receive, from the AP in response to the first WUR frame, a second WUR frame including WUR channel allocation information and an indication of a WUR beacon interval, the WUR channel allocation information including a WUR channel index allocated to the STA; and The WUR is configured to turn on and monitor the wireless medium for a WUR signal from the AP on a first WUR channel based on the WUR channel allocation information and the indicated WUR beacon interval.

2. The STA according to claim 1, wherein: The WUR and the processor are configured to determine that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission based on the WUR not successfully receiving a WUR frame within a first time duration while operating at a minimum channel rate; as well as Based on the determination that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission: The processor is configured to set the wakeup reason to a first reason; The WUR is configured to be closed; The PCR is configured to turn on and send a second WUR frame including at least the wake-up reason to the AP; The PCR is configured to receive from the AP a third WUR frame having at least a second WUR channel assignment; The PCR is configured to be off; and The WUR is configured to turn on and monitor the wireless medium for a WUR signal from the AP on a second WUR channel according to the second WUR channel assignment.

3. A STA according to claim 1, wherein the WUR is configured to monitor the wireless medium for a WUR signal from the AP on the first WUR channel using a set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters, wherein the WUR channel allocation information covers the WUR channel allocation in the set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters.

4. The STA according to claim 1, wherein the first WUR channel has a narrow frequency bandwidth.

5. The STA according to claim 1, wherein: the WUR and the processor configured to determine that a data rate of WUR transmissions on the first WUR channel is too high based on the WUR not successfully receiving WUR frames within a first time duration while operating above a minimum data rate; Based on a determination that the data rate of the WUR transmission on the first WUR channel is too high: The processor is configured to set the wakeup reason to a second reason; The WUR is configured to be closed; The PCR is configured to turn on and send a second WUR frame including at least the wake-up reason to the AP; The PCR is configured to receive from the AP a third WUR frame having at least a first WUR data rate allocation; The PCR is configured to be off; and The WUR is configured to turn on and monitor the wireless medium for WUR signals from the AP based on the first WUR data rate allocation and a set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters, wherein the first WUR data rate allocation overrides the WUR data rate allocation in the set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters.

6. The STA according to claim 1, wherein: The WUR and the processor are configured to determine that the first WUR channel supports reliable transmission based on the WUR successfully receiving a beacon within a first duration and successfully receiving a WUR frame within a second duration; as well as Based on a determination that the first WUR channel supports reliable transmission, the processor is configured to follow instructions in at least one received WUR frame.

7. The STA of claim 1, wherein the set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters was previously negotiated during an exchange of WUR setup information between the STA and the AP.

8. A STA according to claim 7, wherein the set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters includes at least one of the following: WUR channel allocation; WUR data rate; WUR channel hopping mode; WUR start time; operating WUR channel set; WUR beacon information; WUR synchronization information; WUR maximum monitoring duration; WUR station identity (ID), which is assigned to the STA; WUR duty cycle information; or short WUR negotiation information.

9. The STA according to claim 1, wherein: The WUR is also configured to periodically power down and power up according to a WUR duty cycle and have an active receiver power consumption of less than 1 milliwatt (mW).

10. The STA of claim 1, configured as an 802.11 station (STA).

11. A method performed by a station (STA), the method comprising: sending a first WUR frame including an indication of a request to enter WUR mode, WUR duty cycle information, WUR channel information, and WUR data rate information to an access point (AP) using a primary connection radio (PCR), wherein the WUR channel information includes a preferred channel index indicating a recommended WUR channel; receiving, from the AP using the PCR, a second WUR frame including WUR channel allocation information and an indication of a WUR beacon interval in response to the first WUR frame, the WUR channel allocation information including a WUR channel index allocated to the STA; as well as Using a wake-up radio (WUR), the wireless medium is monitored on a first WUR channel for a WUR signal from the AP according to the WUR channel allocation information and the indicated WUR beacon interval.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: determining that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission based on the WUR not successfully receiving a WUR frame within a first duration while operating at a minimum channel rate; as well as Based on the determination that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission: Set the wakeup reason as the first reason; Closing said WUR; Starting the PCR; Sending a second WUR frame including at least the wake-up reason to the AP using the PCR; receiving, from the AP, a third WUR frame having at least a second WUR channel assignment using the PCR; closing the PCR; Open the WUR; as well as Using the WUR, the wireless medium is monitored on a second WUR channel for a WUR signal from the AP according to the second WUR channel assignment.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The monitoring of the wireless medium for a WUR signal from the AP on a first WUR channel using the WUR is based on a previously negotiated set of WUR operating parameters, wherein the WUR channel allocation information overrides the WUR channel allocation in the previously negotiated set of WUR operating parameters.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first WUR channel has a narrow frequency bandwidth.

15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: determining that a data rate of the WUR transmissions on the first WUR channel is too high based on the WUR not successfully receiving WUR frames within a first duration while operating at above a minimum data rate; Based on a determination that the data rate of the WUR transmission on the first WUR channel is too high: Set the wakeup reason to the second reason; Closing said WUR; Starting the PCR; Sending a second WUR frame including at least the wake-up reason to the AP using the PCR; receiving, from the AP, a third WUR frame having at least a first WUR data rate allocation using the PCR; closing the PCR; Open the WUR; as well as The wireless medium is monitored for WUR signals from the AP based on the first WUR data rate allocation and a previously negotiated set of WUR operating parameters, wherein the first WUR data rate allocation overrides the WUR data rate allocations in the previously negotiated set of WUR operating parameters.

16. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: Determining that the first WUR channel supports reliable transmission based on the WUR successfully receiving a beacon within a first duration and successfully receiving a WUR frame within a second duration; as well as Based on a determination that the first WUR channel supports reliable transmission, instructions in at least one received WUR frame are followed.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters was previously negotiated during an exchange of WUR setup information between the STA and the AP.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the set of previously negotiated WUR operating parameters includes at least one of the following: WUR channel allocation; WUR data rate; WUR channel hopping mode; WUR start time; operating WUR channel set; WUR beacon information; WUR synchronization information; WUR maximum monitoring duration; WUR station identity (ID), which is assigned to the STA; WUR duty cycle information; or short WUR negotiation information.

19. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: The WUR is periodically powered off and on according to a WUR duty cycle, wherein the WUR has an active receiver power consumption of less than 1 milliwatt (mW).

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the STA is configured as an 802.11 station (STA).

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