Mesoporous perovskite battery and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mesoporous perovskite battery and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of batteries, the mesoporous perovskite battery comprises a conductive substrate, and a mesoporous electron transport layer, an insulating layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially arranged on the conductive substrate; wherein the insulating layer at least comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, the first insulating layer is added with an electron transport material and is arranged close to the mesoporous electron transport layer, and the second insulating layer is added with a hole transport material and is arranged close to the electrode layer. The insulating layer at least comprises the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, the insulating layer is divided into two layers, and the upper and lower layered design is beneficial to conduction, blocking of electrons and holes and prevention of recombination of charges in long-distance transportation of the insulating layer; therefore, charge recombination is reduced, and the conversion efficiency of the battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a mesoporous perovskite cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have become a hot topic in the photovoltaic field in recent years due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low-cost preparation process and rich materials. Among the various structures of perovskite cells, mesoporous perovskite cells have broad application prospects due to their stability and excellent charge transfer properties.

[0003] At present, the structure of mesoporous perovskite cells generally includes a mesoporous electron transport layer, an insulating layer and an electrode layer. However, due to the presence of the insulating layer material, the transmission path of electrons and holes is extended, increasing the possibility of recombination, and the residence time of photogenerated carriers near the insulating layer is increased. During this period, charge recombination may occur, resulting in a decrease in the generated photogenerated current, thereby reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, due to the presence of insulating materials, the charge extraction efficiency is low, thereby reducing the open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the battery. These factors directly affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite cells and limit the further improvement of battery performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a mesoporous perovskite battery and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the problem that the charge transfer path generated by the perovskite in the existing mesoporous perovskite battery is too long due to the presence of insulating layer materials, and the resulting recombination directly affects the battery efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention proposes a mesoporous perovskite battery, comprising a conductive substrate and a mesoporous electron transport layer, an insulating layer and an electrode layer sequentially arranged on the conductive substrate; wherein the insulating layer comprises at least a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, the first insulating layer is added with an electron transport material and is arranged close to the mesoporous electron transport layer, and the second insulating layer is added with a hole transport material and is arranged close to the electrode layer.

[0006] In one embodiment, in the first insulating layer, the molar mass ratio of the electron transport material to the insulating material of the insulating layer is less than 1; and / or,

[0007] In the second insulating layer, a molar mass ratio of the hole transport material to the insulating material of the insulating layer is less than 1.

[0008] In one embodiment, the electron transport material comprises TiO 2 and SnO 2 At least one of; and / or,

[0009] The hole transport material includes NiOx, CuO 2 , CuI 2 and CuSCN; and / or,

[0010] The insulating material of the insulating layer includes ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 At least one of .

[0011] In one embodiment, the material of the first insulating layer and / or the second insulating layer further includes an additive:

[0012] The auxiliary agent includes ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride or ethyl cellulose; and / or,

[0013] The mass ratio of the auxiliary agent to the insulating material is 1-3%.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness of the insulating layer is 1 um-5 um; and / or,

[0015] The thickness of the first insulating layer is 0.5 μm to 3 μm; and / or,

[0016] The thickness of the second insulating layer is 0.5 μm to 3 μm; and / or,

[0017] The thickness of the mesoporous electron transport layer is 100nm-1um.

[0018] In one embodiment, the mesoporous perovskite cell further includes an electron selective layer, and the electron selective layer is disposed between the conductive substrate and the mesoporous electron transport layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the electron selective layer comprises TiO 2 Dense layer:

[0020] The TiO 2 The thickness of the dense layer is 10 nm to 100 nm; and / or,

[0021] The TiO 2 The materials of the dense layer include TiO 2 .

[0022] In one embodiment, the insulating layer further includes a third insulating layer, and the third insulating layer is disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

[0023] In one embodiment, the material of the third insulating layer includes ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2At least one of; and / or,

[0024] The thickness of the third insulating layer is 0.1-1 um.

[0025] In one embodiment, the electrode layer includes a mesoporous carbon layer or a metal electrode layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the electrode layer comprises a mesoporous carbon layer, and the thickness of the mesoporous carbon layer is 10 μm to 80 μm; and / or,

[0027] The electrode layer comprises a metal electrode layer, and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 10 μm to 80 μm.

[0028] In one embodiment, the electrode layer includes a metal electrode layer, and the mesoporous perovskite cell further includes a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer is disposed between the insulating layer and the electrode layer.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the mesoporous perovskite battery as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0030] providing a conductive substrate;

[0031] preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the conductive substrate;

[0032] preparing an insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer;

[0033] An electrode layer is prepared on the insulating layer, and a perovskite solution is filled at least in the mesoporous electron transport layer and the insulating layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery;

[0034] The insulating layer at least includes a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, the first insulating layer is filled with an electron transport material, and the second insulating layer is filled with a hole transport material.

[0035] The step of preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the conductive substrate comprises:

[0036] preparing an electron selective layer on the conductive substrate;

[0037] A mesoporous electron transport layer is prepared on the electron selective layer.

[0038] In one embodiment, the step of preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the electron selective layer comprises: coating TiO on the electron selective layer. 2 The slurry is heated and dried, and sintered into a mesoporous state to obtain a mesoporous electron transport layer;

[0039] Wherein, the temperature of the heating and drying is 80-130°C; and / or,

[0040] The sintering temperature is 400-500°C.

[0041] In one embodiment, the step of preparing an insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer includes: coating a material of a first insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer, sintering, and continuously coating a material of a second insulating layer to obtain an insulating layer.

[0042] In one embodiment, the sintering temperature of the first insulating layer is 80-150°C.

[0043] In one embodiment, the electrode layer includes a mesoporous carbon layer, the electrode layer is prepared on the insulating layer, and a perovskite solution is filled in at least the mesoporous electron transport layer and the insulating layer. The steps of obtaining a mesoporous perovskite battery include: preparing a mesoporous carbon layer on the insulating layer, and then filling the perovskite solution from the mesoporous carbon layer into the pores of each layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery.

[0044] In one embodiment, the electrode layer includes a metal electrode layer, an electrode layer is prepared on the insulating layer, and a perovskite solution is filled in at least the mesoporous electron transport layer and the insulating layer. The steps of obtaining a mesoporous perovskite battery include: coating the perovskite solution on the insulating layer, filling the pores of each layer, and then preparing a metal electrode layer on the insulating layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery.

[0045] In the technical solution of the present invention, the mesoporous perovskite battery includes a conductive substrate and a mesoporous electron transport layer, an insulating layer and an electrode layer sequentially arranged on the conductive substrate, wherein the insulating layer includes at least a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, which are at least divided into two layers. The upper and lower layered design can separate electrons and holes and provide a more efficient path for them to flow separately, avoiding them from meeting and compounding at the interface. Furthermore, the first insulating layer is added with an electron transport material and arranged near the mesoporous electron transport layer, so that the electron transport material quickly transports the electrons generated in the light absorption layer to the negative electrode, reducing their residence time near the insulating layer and avoiding meeting with holes. The second insulating layer is added with a hole transport material and arranged near the electrode layer, which can quickly transport holes to the positive electrode and avoid meeting with electrons. Through the above design, unnecessary compounding in the battery is reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is ultimately improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a mesoporous perovskite structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0049] 100. Mesoporous perovskite battery; 1. electrode layer; 2. insulating layer; 21. second insulating layer; 22. first insulating layer; 3. mesoporous electron transport layer; 4. electron selection layer; 5. conductive substrate.

[0050] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0053] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the "and / or" or "and / or" appearing in the full text include three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0054] Perovskite solar cells have become a hot topic in the photovoltaic field in recent years due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low-cost preparation process and rich materials. Among the various structures of perovskite cells, mesoporous perovskite cells have broad application prospects due to their stability and excellent charge transfer properties.

[0055] At present, the structure of mesoporous perovskite cells generally includes a mesoporous electron transport layer, an insulating layer and an electrode layer. However, due to the presence of the insulating layer material, the transmission path of electrons and holes is extended, increasing the possibility of recombination, and the residence time of photogenerated carriers near the insulating layer is increased. During this period, charge recombination may occur, resulting in a decrease in the generated photogenerated current, thereby reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, due to the presence of insulating materials, the charge extraction efficiency is low, thereby reducing the open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the battery. These factors directly affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite cells and limit the further improvement of battery performance.

[0056] In view of this, the present invention proposes a mesoporous perovskite battery 100, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mesoporous perovskite battery 100 includes a conductive substrate 5 and a mesoporous electron transport layer 3, an insulating layer 2 and an electrode layer 1 sequentially arranged on the conductive substrate 5; wherein the insulating layer 2 is filled with a first insulating layer 22 and a second insulating layer 21, the first insulating layer 22 is added with an electron transport material and is arranged near the mesoporous electron transport layer 3, and the second insulating layer 21 is added with a hole transport material and is arranged near the electrode layer 1.

[0057] In the technical solution of the present invention, the mesoporous perovskite battery 100 includes a mesoporous electron transport layer 3, and an insulating layer 2 and an electrode layer 1 sequentially arranged on the mesoporous electron transport layer 3, wherein the insulating layer 2 includes at least a first insulating layer 22 and a second insulating layer 21, which are divided into two layers, and the upper and lower layered design can separate electrons and holes, and provide a more efficient path for them to flow separately, avoiding them from meeting and compounding at the interface, and further, the first insulating layer 22 is added with an electron transport material, and is arranged near the mesoporous electron transport layer 3, so that the electron transport material quickly transports the electrons generated in the light absorption layer to the negative electrode, reducing their residence time near the insulating layer 2, and avoiding meeting with holes, and the second insulating layer 21 is added with a hole transport material, and is arranged near the electrode layer 1, which can quickly transport holes to the positive electrode to avoid meeting with electrons. Through the above design, unnecessary compounding in the battery is reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is finally improved.

[0058] It should be noted that in perovskite cells, recombination refers to the process in which electrons and holes (holes can be understood as places where electrons are missing) meet and recombine in the battery material. This recombination phenomenon reduces the number of free carriers that can generate current, thereby reducing the efficiency of the battery. Therefore, reducing the recombination of electrons and holes is the key to improving the efficiency of perovskite cells.

[0059] The electron transport material is mainly responsible for transporting photogenerated electrons and preventing the transport of holes. The electron transport material includes materials such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, and its purpose is to extract the photogenerated electrons from the insulating layer 2 and transport them to the electrode.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present invention, in the first insulating layer, the molar mass ratio of the electron transport material to the insulating material of the insulating layer is less than 1, and in the second insulating layer, the molar mass ratio of the hole transport material to the insulating material of the insulating layer is less than 1.

[0061] It is understandable that molecules with smaller molar mass usually have larger specific surface area, and are more likely to form closer interface contact and higher mobility with adjacent insulating layer molecules. Such contact helps to reduce interface energy, promote carrier transport, and improve carrier collection efficiency.

[0062] In one embodiment, the electron transport material comprises TiO 2 and SnO 2 At least one of the above, that is, the electron transport material can be TiO 2、 It can also be SnO 2 Or a mixture of the two, as long as the above requirements are met.

[0063] The main function of hole transport materials is to transport photogenerated holes (positive charges) and prevent electron transport. Hole transport materials include organic small molecules (such as Spiro-OMeTAD) and some inorganic materials, such as nickel oxide. In perovskite cells, hole transport materials are used to transport photogenerated holes from the insulating layer 2 to the electrode.

[0064] Specifically, in some embodiments, the hole transport material includes NiOx, CuO 2 , CuI 2 and CuSCN, the insulating material of the insulating layer 2 includes ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 At least one of the insulating layer 2, as a barrier, is mainly to prevent the electrons and holes from recombining during the transmission process, which will lead to a decrease in conductivity. Specifically, it can be ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2， It can also be a mixture of any of them.

[0065] In some embodiments, the material of the first insulating layer and / or the second insulating layer further includes an auxiliary agent: the auxiliary agent includes ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride or ethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the auxiliary agent to the insulating material is 1-3%. The material of the first insulating layer 22 and / or the second insulating layer 21 further includes an auxiliary agent, wherein the insulating material includes ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 At least one of the additives, wherein the additive comprises an inorganic volatile salt and an organic polymer compound, the inorganic volatile salt comprises ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride, and the organic polymer compound is ethyl cellulose.

[0066] It can be understood that the nanoparticles in the materials of the first insulating layer 22 and the second insulating layer 21 have a very high specific surface area, and the addition of additives is to form a pore structure. These pores can increase the specific surface area and transmission efficiency of the material. Specific additives include ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride or ethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the additive to the insulating material is controlled in this range of 1 to 3%, so that the prepared insulating layer material has better effect.

[0067] In some embodiments, the thickness of the insulating layer 2 is 1 μm to 5 μm. The insulating layer 2 is used to prevent leakage and inhibit carrier recombination. The thickness within the above range can ensure sufficient electrical insulation while avoiding excessive thickness causing series resistance of the device.

[0068] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first insulating layer 22 is 0.5 μm to 3 μm, and is close to the mesoporous electron transport layer 3 , which can optimize the electron transport path. Within the above range, it can reduce resistance, promote electron transport, and provide better isolation.

[0069] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second insulating layer 21 is 0.5 μm to 3 μm, and is close to the electrode layer 1 . Compared with the thickness of the first insulating layer 22 , a thickness ratio of 1:1 is better.

[0070] In some embodiments, the thickness of the mesoporous electron transport layer 3 is 100 nm to 1 um. Within the above range, while ensuring the reduction of resistance, it can also form a good interface contact with the perovskite layer to improve the electron collection efficiency.

[0071] In some embodiments, the mesoporous perovskite cell 100 further includes an electron selective layer 4 , and the electron selective layer 4 is disposed between the conductive substrate 5 and the mesoporous electron transport layer 3 .

[0072] Furthermore, the electron selective layer comprises TiO 2 Dense layer: the TiO2 The thickness of the dense layer is 10nm to 100nm. 2 The materials of the dense layer include TiO 2 .

[0073] TiO 2 The dense layer is mainly used as a barrier layer to prevent electrons from directly recombine from the conductive substrate to the oxidized species in the electrolyte, thereby improving the electron transfer efficiency and reducing energy loss, while also improving the interface contact.

[0074] It is understandable that TiO 2 It is an n-type semiconductor material with good electronic conductivity and dense TiO 2 The layer can provide an efficient electron transmission channel, so that the photogenerated electrons can be quickly transferred from the dye molecules or perovskite layer to the external circuit without excessive recombination losses. The thickness of the TiO2 dense layer affects its performance as a mesoporous electron transport layer 3. If the layer thickness is too thin, it may not be able to effectively block the transmission of holes; if the layer is too thick, it may increase resistance and reduce the transmission efficiency of electrons. Therefore, reasonably controlling the thickness of the dense layer within a certain range, that is, within 10nm to 100nm, can effectively balance the needs of charge blocking and charge transmission and optimize the efficiency of the device.

[0075] In one embodiment, the insulating layer 2 further includes a third insulating layer, and the third insulating layer is disposed between the first insulating layer 22 and the second insulating layer 21 .

[0076] The insulating layer 2 may include not only the first insulating layer 22 and the second insulating layer 21, but also a third insulating layer may be provided therebetween, wherein the thickness of the third insulating layer is 0.1um to 1um. Because the intermediate insulating layer 2 is very thin, with a thickness of 0.1um to 1um, the path is relatively short and the electron holes can be led out.

[0077] In order to make the insulation effect of the insulation layer 2 better, the material of the third insulation layer includes ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 At least one of the above insulating materials is selected mainly to prevent electrons and holes from recombining during the transmission process.

[0078] In some embodiments, the electrode layer comprises a mesoporous carbon layer or a metal electrode.

[0079] It is understandable that the method of filling the perovskite solution is different depending on the electrode. There are two ways to fill the perovskite solution, which is to be performed after or before preparing the electrode layer 1. These two methods will affect the preparation process of the electrode layer 1, so that two preparation methods of mesoporous perovskite batteries can be obtained, thereby broadening the application scope of mesoporous perovskite batteries. The electrodes generally use mesoporous carbon electrodes or metal electrodes. Usually, carbon electrodes may be preferred in environments that require long-term stability and corrosion resistance; while in situations where efficient charge transfer and high current carrying capacity are required, metal electrodes may be preferred.

[0080] In order to improve the battery performance, in some embodiments, the electrode layer includes a mesoporous carbon layer, and the thickness of the mesoporous carbon layer is 10μm to 80μm, or when the electrode layer includes a metal electrode layer, the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 10μm to 80μm. Within this range, sufficient mechanical strength and stability can be guaranteed while reducing the resistance of the battery and collecting more carriers.

[0081] Furthermore, the electrode layer 1 includes a mesoporous carbon layer, and the material of the mesoporous carbon layer includes a carbon-based material. The carbon-based material has good electrical conductivity and chemical stability, and is therefore suitable as a low-cost electrode material.

[0082] Furthermore, when the electrode layer 1 includes a metal electrode, in order to improve the performance of the battery, the mesoporous perovskite battery also includes a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer is arranged between the insulating layer 2 and the electrode layer 1.

[0083] Furthermore, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 10 to 50 nm. Within this thickness range, both hole transport can be guaranteed and the overall performance of the prepared perovskite battery can be maintained.

[0084] The hole transport layer is made of commonly used hole materials, including Spiro-OMeTAD, CuI 2 , CuSCN and NiOx.

[0085] In some embodiments, the present invention further provides a method for preparing the mesoporous perovskite battery as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0086] Providing a conductive substrate 5;

[0087] Preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer 3 on the conductive substrate 5;

[0088] Preparing an insulating layer 2 on the mesoporous electron transport layer 3;

[0089] An electrode layer 1 is prepared on the insulating layer 2, and a perovskite solution is filled at least in the mesoporous electron transport layer 4 and the insulating layer 2 to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery;

[0090] The insulating layer 2 at least includes a first insulating layer 22 and a second insulating layer 21 . The first insulating layer 22 is filled with an electron transport material, and the second insulating layer 21 is filled with a hole transport material.

[0091] Furthermore, the step of preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the conductive substrate 5 includes:

[0092] preparing an electron selective layer 4 on the conductive substrate 5;

[0093] A mesoporous electron transport layer 3 is prepared on the electron selective layer 4 .

[0094] It can be understood that the electron selective layer 4 can improve electron extraction and transmission, while blocking holes from passing through, thereby improving charge selectivity.

[0095] In some embodiments, the step of preparing the mesoporous electron transport layer 3 on the electron selective layer 4 comprises: coating TiO on the electron selective layer 4 2 The slurry is heated and dried, and sintered into a mesoporous state to obtain a mesoporous electron transport layer 3;

[0096] The temperature of the heating and drying is 80-130°C, and the temperature of the sintering is 400-500°C.

[0097] The appropriate heating temperature and sintering temperature affect the volatilization of the solvent in the slurry and the 2 The sintering behavior of the particles is controlled at a temperature of 80-130°C. The sintering temperature can be 80°C, 90°C, 110°C, 130°C, etc. The solvent can be completely volatilized. The sintering temperature is controlled at 400-500°C to ensure that the TiO 2 The formation of a mesoporous structure, while avoiding excessively high temperatures that would cause the grains to be too large and affect the structural integrity of the mesopores, controlling these temperature ranges ensures appropriate grain growth and the formation of a pore structure, improves the electrical conductivity and optical properties of the mesoporous electron transport layer 3, and ultimately improves the overall performance of the optoelectronic device.

[0098] Specifically, the step of preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the conductive substrate comprises:

[0099] TiO 2 The precursor liquid is sprayed or vacuum coated on the conductive substrate 5 to prepare TiO 2 Dense layer, also known as the electron selective layer;

[0100] TiO is coated on the electron selective layer.2 The slurry is heated and dried, and sintered into a mesoporous state to obtain a mesoporous electron transport layer;

[0101] Wherein, the temperature of the heating and drying is 80-130°C; and / or,

[0102] The sintering temperature is 400-500°C.

[0103] In this step, spray coating or vacuum coating can ensure that TiO 2 The dense layer has uniform thickness and density, which effectively improves the charge transfer efficiency, reduces the recombination probability of electron-hole pairs, improves the performance and stability of the device, and can selectively add elements such as Li or Mg to improve the TiO 2 The conductivity of the dense layer, in the TiO 2 A layer of TiO is prepared on the dense layer by printing or coating. 2 The slurry is heated and dried, and sintered into a mesoporous state to obtain a mesoporous electron transport layer 3. The heating, drying and sintering steps can form a porous structure. Heating and drying are used to remove the solvent and preliminarily solidify the material, and sintering further connects the particles to create a mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area. 2 The slurry can be made by yourself. The steps include: using 20-50nm TiO 2 Nanoparticles with ethyl cellulose, a small amount of ZrO 2 Mix well and prepare TiO 2 Slurry.

[0104] It should be noted that the mesoporous state means that the pore size of the mesoporous state is between 2 and 50 nm. The formation of the mesoporous structure is conducive to the transmission and diffusion of electrons, while increasing the surface area of ​​the material, thereby increasing the contact area between electrons and electrodes and improving the electrical performance of the device. This structure can also provide more adsorption sites for active materials in optoelectronic devices, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0105] In some embodiments, the step of preparing an insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer includes: coating the material of a first insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer, sintering, and continuously coating the material of a second insulating layer to obtain an insulating layer.

[0106] Here, the insulating layer 2 includes a first insulating layer 22 and a second insulating layer 21, but is not limited thereto. The preparation method of the two insulating layers 2 includes: firstly configuring the materials of each insulating layer 2, and then sequentially coating the mesoporous electron transport layer 3. Before coating each layer, sintering is performed to remove excess solvent.

[0107] In some embodiments, the sintering temperature of the first insulating layer 22 is 80-150° C. Within this temperature range, the coating can be firmly applied without affecting the performance of other layer materials.

[0108] In some embodiments, the electrode layer 1 includes a mesoporous carbon layer, the electrode layer 1 is prepared on the insulating layer 2, and the perovskite solution is filled in at least the mesoporous electron transport layer 3 and the insulating layer 2. The steps of obtaining a mesoporous perovskite battery include: preparing a mesoporous carbon layer on the insulating layer 2, and then filling the perovskite solution from the mesoporous carbon layer into the pores of each layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery.

[0109] The following is a specific description of the first mesoporous perovskite battery prepared with the electrode layer 1 including a mesoporous carbon layer, and the mesoporous perovskite battery 100: in the method of filling the perovskite solution after preparing the electrode layer 1, when the mesoporous battery frame is prepared, the perovskite solution is filled into the frame by coating or dispensing, and waits for it to penetrate into the pores of each layer. In this way, the electrode layer 1 generally includes a mesoporous carbon layer, and the mesoporous carbon layer is a carbon-based material, and the carbon-based material has good conductivity and chemical stability.

[0110] Specifically, the present invention provides a method for preparing a first mesoporous perovskite battery 100, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0111] Providing a conductive substrate 5;

[0112] preparing an electron selective layer 4 on the conductive substrate 5;

[0113] Preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer 3 on the electron selective layer 4;

[0114] Preparing an insulating layer 2 on the mesoporous electron transport layer 3;

[0115] An electrode layer 1 is prepared on the insulating layer 2, and a perovskite solution is filled into the pores of each layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery 100;

[0116] The electrode layer 1 includes a mesoporous carbon layer, and the insulating layer 2 includes at least a first insulating layer 22 and a second insulating layer 21 . The first insulating layer 22 is filled with an electron transport material, and the second insulating layer 21 is filled with a hole transport material.

[0117] The following is a second type of perovskite battery prepared for a metal electrode layer 1, the second mesoporous perovskite battery: when the perovskite solution is filled before the electrode layer 1 is prepared, the perovskite solution is directly dripped after the insulating layer 2 is prepared, and then the structure of the electrode layer 1 of the battery needs to be prepared, wherein the electrode layer 1 includes a metal electrode (such as gold, silver, aluminum and other metal materials), and the metal electrode is used to collect electrons. In addition, in order to improve efficiency, it is also necessary to add a hole transport layer (such as Spiro-OMeTAD or NiO). This is because the material of the hole transport layer only transports holes and cannot transport electrons. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with the metal electrode for effective charge collection to ensure that the holes can effectively migrate from the perovskite layer to the metal electrode.

[0118] Specifically, in some embodiments, the preparation steps of the second mesoporous perovskite cell include:

[0119] Providing transparent glass, on which a TCO transparent front electrode is prepared as a conductive substrate 5;

[0120] TiO 2 The precursor liquid is prepared on the conductive substrate 5 by ultrasonic spraying to form TiO 2 dense layer;

[0121] In the TiO 2 Preparation of TiO on dense layer 2 The slurry is heated and dried at 80-130° C., and then sintered at 400-500° C. into a mesoporous state to obtain a mesoporous electron transport layer 3;

[0122] Continue to apply the insulating layer 2 on the mesoporous transmission layer 3 by printing;

[0123] Spin coating a hole transport layer material on the insulating layer 2 to prepare a hole transport layer;

[0124] A layer of metal is evaporated on the hole transport layer as a metal electrode, namely, the electrode layer 1 .

[0125] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0126] Experimental Materials:

[0127] TiO 2 Precursor solution: bis(acetylacetonato) diisopropyl titanate (75% isopropanol solution);

[0128] ZrO 2 Slurry: Use 20-50nm TiO 2 Nanoparticles account for the TiO2 10% of the mass of the nanoparticles is ethyl cellulose and accounts for the TiO 2 1% ZrO by mass of nanoparticles 2 Mix well and prepare ZrO by ball milling or other methods. 2 Slurry;

[0129] ZrO 2 / TiO 2 Preparation method of mixed slurry:

[0130] Weigh TiO 2 Nanoparticles (size 20-50nm) and ZrO 2 Nanoparticles (particle size 20-50nm), ensuring the molar ratio of nZrO 2 / nTiO 2 Just meet the requirement of a ratio of less than 1. Place the two in a mixing container, add ethyl cellulose as a binder, and then add pineol and a certain amount of anhydrous ethanol as a solvent to obtain a mixture. Transfer the above mixture to a ball mill, add zirconium oxide grinding balls, and ball mill at a speed of 300-500rpm for 30 hours to ensure that the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed to form a slurry with good fluidity. After the ball milling is completed, filter through a 200-mesh sieve to remove large particles and impurities to obtain a fine and uniform mixed slurry. Use a rotary evaporator to evaporate the alcohol in the slurry to obtain a slurry for printing or coating. It can be diluted with solvents such as pineol according to the viscosity requirements to obtain a slurry for the required process.

[0131] Similarly, ZrO 2 The preparation method of the mixed slurry of TiO 2 The nanoparticles can be replaced with NiOx;

[0132] SnO 2 / ZrO 2 The preparation method of the mixed slurry is similar to the above, and TiO 2 Nanoparticles replaced with SnO 2 That's it;

[0133] ZrO 2 / CuO 2 The preparation method of the mixed slurry is similar to the above, and TiO 2 Nanoparticles replaced with CuO 2 That's it;

[0134] TiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 The preparation method of the mixed slurry is similar to the above, ZrO 2 Nanoparticles replaced with Al 2 O 3That's it;

[0135] Al 2 O 3 / NiO x The preparation method of the mixed slurry is similar to the above, ZrO 2 Nanoparticles replaced with Al 2 O 3， TiO 2 The nanoparticles can be replaced with NiOx;

[0136] TiO 2 / SiO 2 The preparation method of the mixed slurry is similar to the above, ZrO 2 Nanoparticles replaced with SiO 2， ;

[0137] SiO 2 The preparation method of the mixed slurry of ZrO 2 Nanoparticles replaced with SiO 2 TiO 2 The nanoparticles can be replaced with NiOx;

[0138] The composition of perovskite is FAC S PbI 3 .

[0139] Example 1

[0140] Provided is a mesoporous perovskite cell, the mesoporous perovskite cell comprising a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selective layer (TiO with a thickness of 80 nm) arranged in sequence from bottom to top 2 ), mesoporous electron transport layer (500nm thick mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer and an electrode layer (50 μm thick mesoporous carbon), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (2 μm thick TiO 2 / ZrO 2 Mix the slurry and TiO 2 With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.9) and the second insulating layer (2 μm thick ZrO 2 / NiO x Mix the slurry and NiO x With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.9), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0141] The preparation method of the mesoporous perovskite battery is as follows:

[0142] (1) providing transparent glass, preparing a TCO transparent front electrode on the transparent glass, obtaining a conductive substrate, and diluting TiO2 Precursor solution, wherein the alcohol and the TiO 2 The precursor solution was diluted at a ratio of 15:1 to obtain the diluted TiO 2 Precursor liquid, using a spraying method to apply the diluted TiO 2 The precursor liquid was prepared on a conductive substrate by ultrasonic spraying to form TiO 2 The temperature of the conductive substrate is kept at 400°C to prepare the TiO 2 The dense layer, with a thickness of 80 nm;

[0143] (2) Using coating or printing on TiO 2 TiO coating on the dense layer 2 The slurry is heated and dried at 100°C and then sintered at 450°C to form a mesoporous state, i.e., mesoporous TiO 2 , obtaining a mesoporous electron transport layer, wherein the thickness of the mesoporous electron transport layer is 500 nm;

[0144] (3) Preparation of TiO by printing 2 / ZrO 2 The mixed slurry was sintered at 80°C and the solvent evaporated to obtain the first insulating layer. ZrO was prepared by printing. 2 / NiO x Mixing the slurry to obtain a second insulating layer;

[0145] (4) Continue to prepare the carbon slurry by printing, and after printing or coating, sinter at 450° C. for 30 min to obtain a mesoporous carbon layer;

[0146] (5) adding a perovskite solution onto the mesoporous carbon layer by a coating method, allowing the perovskite solution to penetrate into the pores of each layer and crystallize at a temperature below 150° C., thereby preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery;

[0147] Among them, ZrO 2 / TiO 2 The preparation method of the mixed slurry is as follows:

[0148] Weigh 50g TiO 2 Nanoparticles (particle size 20-50nm) and 70gZrO 2 Nanoparticles (particle size 20-50nm), ensuring the molar mass ratio of nZrO 2 / nTiO 2The ratio of the nanoparticles is 0.9, and the ratio requirement of less than 1 is satisfied. The two are placed in a mixing container, 2g of ethyl cellulose is added as a binder, and then 10mL of pine oil and a certain amount of anhydrous ethanol are added as a solvent to obtain a mixture. The above mixture is transferred to a ball mill, zirconium oxide grinding balls are added, and the mixture is ball milled at a speed of 300-500rpm for 30 hours to ensure that the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed to form a slurry with good fluidity. After the ball milling is completed, it is filtered through a 200 mesh screen to remove large particles and impurities to obtain a fine and uniform mixed slurry, and the alcohol in the slurry is volatilized with a rotary evaporator to obtain a slurry for printing or coating. Solvents such as pine oil can be used for dilution according to viscosity requirements to obtain a slurry for the desired process.

[0149] Example 2

[0150] The difference from Example 1 is that the materials and / or thicknesses of the layers in the mesoporous perovskite battery are different, and the rest are similar, as follows:

[0151] Provided is a mesoporous perovskite cell, the mesoporous perovskite cell comprising a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selection layer (TiO2 with a thickness of 80nm), a mesoporous electron transport layer (mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer and an electrode layer (50 μm thick mesoporous carbon), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (0.5 μm thick SnO 2 / ZrO 2 Mix the slurry and SnO 2 With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.8 and the second insulating layer (0.5 μm thick ZrO 2 / NiO x Mix the slurry and NiO x With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.8), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0152] Example 3

[0153] The difference from Example 1 is that the materials and / or thicknesses of the layers in the mesoporous perovskite battery are different, and the rest are similar, as follows:

[0154] Provided is a mesoporous perovskite cell, the mesoporous perovskite cell comprising a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selection layer (TiO2 with a thickness of 80nm), a mesoporous electron transport layer (mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer and an electrode layer (50 μm thick mesoporous carbon), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (3 μm thick TiO 2 / ZrO 2Mix the slurry and TiO 2 With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.5) and the second insulating layer (3 μm thick ZrO 2 / CuO 2 Mix the slurry and CuO 2 With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.5), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0155] Example 4

[0156] The difference from Example 1 is that the materials and / or thicknesses of the layers in the mesoporous perovskite battery are different, and the rest are similar, as follows:

[0157] Provided is a mesoporous perovskite battery, the mesoporous perovskite battery comprising a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selection layer (TiO2 with a thickness of 80nm), a mesoporous electron transport layer (mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer and an electrode layer (mesoporous carbon with a thickness of 80 μm), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (TiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 Mix the slurry and TiO 2 With Al 2 O 3 The molar mass ratio is 0.5) and the second insulating layer (2 μm thick Al 2 O 3 / NiO x Mix the slurry and NiO x With Al 2 O 3 The molar mass ratio is 0.5), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0158] Example 5

[0159] The difference from Example 1 is that the materials and / or thicknesses of the layers in the mesoporous perovskite battery are different, and the rest are similar, as follows:

[0160] Provided is a mesoporous perovskite battery, the mesoporous perovskite battery comprising a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selection layer (TiO2 with a thickness of 80nm), a mesoporous electron transport layer (mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer and an electrode layer (mesoporous carbon with a thickness of 80 μm), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (TiO 2 / SiO 2 Mix the slurry and TiO 2 With SiO2 The molar mass ratio is 0.1) and the second insulating layer (2 μm thick SiO 2 / NiOx mixed slurry, and NiOx and SiO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.1), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0161] Example 6

[0162] Different from Example 1, the mesoporous perovskite battery further includes a third insulating layer, and the rest are similar, wherein the material and thickness of each layer are as follows:

[0163] Provided is a mesoporous perovskite cell, the mesoporous perovskite cell comprising a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selection layer (TiO2 with a thickness of 80nm), a mesoporous electron transport layer (mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer and an electrode layer (50 μm thick mesoporous carbon), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (2 μm thick TiO 2 / ZrO 2 Mix the slurry and TiO 2 With SiO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.9), the second insulating layer (2 μm thick ZrO 2 / NiOx mixed slurry, and NiOx and ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.9) and the third insulating layer (0.5 μm thick ZrO 2 ), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0164] Example 7

[0165] Since the filling method of perovskite is also different, the structure of the mesoporous perovskite battery is changed accordingly. This embodiment provides a mesoporous perovskite battery, which includes a conductive substrate (FTO conductive glass), an electron selective layer (TiO with a thickness of 80nm) arranged in sequence from bottom to top. 2 ), mesoporous electron transport layer (500nm thick mesoporous TiO 2 ), an insulating layer, a hole transport layer (10 nm thick Spiro-OMeTAD) and an electrode layer (50 μm thick aluminum), wherein the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer (2 μm thick TiO 2 / ZrO 2 Mix the slurry and TiO 2 With ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.9) into the second insulating layer (2 μm thick ZrO 2 / NiO x Mix the slurry and NiO xWith ZrO 2 The molar mass ratio is 0.9), and each layer is filled with perovskite.

[0166] Specifically, the preparation method of the mesoporous perovskite battery is as follows:

[0167] (1) providing transparent glass, preparing a TCO transparent front electrode on the transparent glass, obtaining a conductive substrate, and diluting TiO 2 Precursor solution, wherein the alcohol and the TiO 2 The precursor solution was diluted at a ratio of 15:1 to obtain the diluted TiO 2 Precursor liquid, using a spraying method to apply the diluted TiO 2 The precursor liquid was prepared on a conductive substrate by ultrasonic spraying to form TiO 2 The temperature of the conductive substrate is kept at 400°C to prepare the TiO 2 The dense layer, with a thickness of 80 nm;

[0168] (2) Using printing method on TiO 2 Preparation of TiO on dense layer 2 The slurry is heated and dried at 100°C and then sintered at 450°C to form a mesoporous state, i.e., mesoporous TiO 2 , obtaining a mesoporous electron transport layer, wherein the thickness of the mesoporous electron transport layer is 500 nm;

[0169] (3) Continue to print ZrO on the mesoporous transport layer 2 / TiO 2 The mixed slurry is sintered at 80°C to obtain a first insulating layer after the solvent evaporates. ZrO is then printed on the first insulating layer. 2 / NiOx mixed slurry, heated at 400°C to form a second insulating layer with pores; continued to use the slit coating method to infiltrate the perovskite solution into each porous layer, and then heated at 150°C for crystallization;

[0170] (4) Use IPA solvent to spin-coat Spiro-OMeTAD at a concentration of 1 mg / ml, and use a coating method to prepare a 10 nm hole transport layer;

[0171] (5) A layer of aluminum metal is magnetron sputtered on the hole transport layer using a PVD method as an electrode layer.

[0172] Comparative Example 1

[0173] The difference from Example 1 is the insulating layer, in which the insulating layer is only ZrO 2 Single layer, the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0174] Performance Testing

[0175] The performance of the mesoporous perovskite cells prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 was tested in accordance with the photovoltaic parameter test standard for solar cells, i.e., with reference to the test standard of ISO60904-3 and the test standard of IEC60904-1. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0176] Table 1 Photoelectric conversion efficiency of mesoporous perovskite cells of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1

[0177] (unit%) Example 1 16.43 Example 2 15.34 Example 3 15.74 Example 4 15.06 Example 5 15.37 Example 6 15.33 Example 7 17.5 Comparative Example 1 14.56

[0178] Compared with the single layer ZrO 2 Insulating structure, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Examples 1 to 7 is higher than that of Comparative Example 1. In Example 6, in order to save process, because of the mesoporous electron transport layer, holes can be effectively blocked. Therefore, Example 3 mainly adds a third insulating layer, which is more conducive to the transmission of holes and blocks the transmission of electrons to the carbon layer. Example 7 mainly uses the reason that the mesoporous layer under the carbon layer can be made relatively thick. The perovskite solution is filled first, and the hole transport layer and electrode layer can be made later. The efficiency prepared is higher than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0179] (2) The performance of the mesoporous perovskite cells obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1 was tested, and the key electrical parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0180] Table 2 Test results of mesoporous perovskite cells obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1

[0181]

[0182]

[0183] It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the comparative example, the embodiment has a 2 The insulating layer is divided into at least two layers, which reduces the charge recombination to a certain extent, so the short-circuit current increases significantly, thereby significantly improving the conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0184] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mesoporous perovskite battery, characterized in that: It includes a conductive substrate and a mesoporous electron transport layer, an insulating layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially arranged on the conductive substrate; wherein the insulating layer includes at least a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, the first insulating layer is added with an electron transport material and is arranged close to the mesoporous electron transport layer, and the second insulating layer is added with a hole transport material and is arranged close to the electrode layer.

2. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first insulating layer, the molar mass ratio of the electron transport material to the insulating material of the insulating layer is less than 1; and / or, In the second insulating layer, a molar mass ratio of the hole transport material to the insulating material of the insulating layer is less than 1.

3. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron transport material comprises at least one of TiO2 and SnO2; and / or, The hole transport material comprises at least one of NiOx, CuO2, CuI2 and CuSCN; and / or, The insulating material of the insulating layer includes at least one of ZrO2, Al2O3 and SiO2.

4. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first insulating layer and / or the second insulating layer further includes an auxiliary agent: The auxiliary agent includes ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride or ethyl cellulose; and / or, The mass ratio of the auxiliary agent to the insulating material is 1-3%.

5. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the insulating layer is 1 um to 5 um; and / or, The thickness of the first insulating layer is 0.5 μm to 3 μm; and / or, The thickness of the second insulating layer is 0.5 μm to 3 μm; and / or, The thickness of the mesoporous electron transport layer is 100nm-1um.

6. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesoporous perovskite cell further includes an electron selective layer, which is disposed between the conductive substrate and the mesoporous electron transport layer.

7. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron selective layer comprises a dense layer of TiO2: The thickness of the TiO2 dense layer is 10nm to 100nm; and / or, The material of the TiO2 dense layer includes TiO2.

8. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating layer further includes a third insulating layer, and the third insulating layer is disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

9. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material of the third insulating layer includes at least one of ZrO2, Al2O3 and SiO2; and / or, The thickness of the third insulating layer is 0.1-1 um.

10. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode layer includes a mesoporous carbon layer or a metal electrode layer.

11. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electrode layer comprises a mesoporous carbon layer, and the thickness of the mesoporous carbon layer is 10 μm to 80 μm; and / or, The electrode layer comprises a metal electrode layer, and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 10 μm to 80 μm.

12. The mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrode layer includes a metal electrode layer, and the mesoporous perovskite battery also includes a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer is arranged between the insulating layer and the electrode layer.

13. A method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: providing a conductive substrate; preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the conductive substrate; preparing an insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer; An electrode layer is prepared on the insulating layer, and a perovskite solution is filled at least in the mesoporous electron transport layer and the insulating layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery; The insulating layer at least includes a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, the first insulating layer is filled with an electron transport material, and the second insulating layer is filled with a hole transport material.

14. The method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to any one of claims 13, characterized in that: The step of preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the conductive substrate comprises: preparing an electron selective layer on the conductive substrate; A mesoporous electron transport layer is prepared on the electron selective layer.

15. The method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 14, characterized in that: The step of preparing a mesoporous electron transport layer on the electron selective layer comprises: coating TiO2 slurry on the electron selective layer, heating and drying, and sintering into a mesoporous state to obtain a mesoporous electron transport layer; Wherein, the temperature of the heating and drying is 80-130°C; and / or, The sintering temperature is 400-500°C.

16. The method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 13, characterized in that: The step of preparing the insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer includes: coating the material of the first insulating layer on the mesoporous electron transport layer, sintering, and continuously coating the material of the second insulating layer to obtain the insulating layer.

17. The method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 16, characterized in that: The sintering temperature of the first insulating layer is 80-150°C.

18. The method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 13, characterized in that: The electrode layer includes a mesoporous carbon layer, and the electrode layer is prepared on the insulating layer. A perovskite solution is filled in at least the mesoporous electron transport layer and the insulating layer. The steps of obtaining a mesoporous perovskite battery include: preparing a mesoporous carbon layer on the insulating layer, and then filling the perovskite solution from the mesoporous carbon layer into the pores of each layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery.

19. The method for preparing a mesoporous perovskite battery according to claim 13, characterized in that: The electrode layer includes a metal electrode layer, an electrode layer is prepared on the insulating layer, and a perovskite solution is filled in at least the mesoporous electron transport layer and the insulating layer. The steps of obtaining a mesoporous perovskite battery include: coating the perovskite solution on the insulating layer, filling the perovskite solution into the pores of each layer, and then preparing a metal electrode layer on the insulating layer to obtain a mesoporous perovskite battery.

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