System and method for meteorological modeling

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for meteorological modeling. The method comprises performing a data exchange in an infrastructure network, receiving, in an infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), a navigation satellite system signal (5) from a navigation satellite (2) of a global navigation satellite system, and controlling operation of the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the received navigation satellite system signal (5). The method further comprises determining an atmospheric delay of the navigational satellite system signal (5) and calculating an amount of air between the navigational satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigational satellite system signal (5).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for meteorological modeling, more particularly to a system according to the preamble of claim 1. The present invention relates to a method for meteorological modeling, more particularly to a method according to the preamble of claim 22. Background Art

[0002] Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) meteorology is a concept in which the GNSS signal delay between the navigation satellite and the GNSS receiver is calculated and used to derive atmospheric quantities. In typical cases, water vapor causes the largest variation in this signal delay. Moreover, temperature and pressure variations also contribute to variations in GNSS signal delay. In the case of the application of the GPS satellite navigation system, GNSS meteorology is referred to as GPS meteorology.

[0003] In the prior art, meteorological calculations of atmospheric quantities (such as atmospheric refractive index, humidity, temperature or pressure) based on navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites are usually performed at GPS / GNSS ground stations or dedicated meteorological base stations or other GNSS reference networks with very limited range. These GNSS receiver networks are configured to receive navigation satellite system signal raw data. As GNSS receivers become cheaper and more ubiquitous, many potential navigation satellite system raw signal data are currently seriously underutilized and are not even usually stored. In typical cases, navigation output messages including time and position data are stored and used, while satellite system raw data including more detailed information about GNSS signals is only used as intermediate data in GNSS receivers for more processed navigation output messages and is immediately discarded thereafter. By storing and utilizing detailed signal data from the raw data, global navigation satellite systems can be used for meteorology, beyond their primary purpose of positioning and timing. Code and carrier phase measurements of signals from specific navigation satellites can be used in conjunction with external correction data to assess details of atmospheric refractive index and meteorological parameters (such as water vapor, temperature and pressure).

[0004] One problem associated with the prior art is that weather forecasting, typically using digital weather prediction models, requires a large amount of meteorological data from a large number of local meteorological sensors and atmospheric weather sondes in addition to navigation satellite system signals in order to generate weather forecasts with sufficient skill. The meteorological data derived from current GNSS meteorology is not sufficient to efficiently and accurately determine three-dimensional meteorological models and forecasts and local forecasts due to limited geographic coverage. In other words, GNSS meteorology remains an input among many other measurements, and its benefits are currently limited for this reason. Summary of the invention

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for meteorological modelling in order to solve or at least alleviate the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0006] The object of the invention is achieved by a system for meteorological modeling, characterized by what is stated in independent claim 1. The object of the invention is also achieved by a method for meteorological modeling, characterized by what is stated in independent claim 22.

[0007] Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0008] The invention is based on the idea of ​​providing a system for meteorological modelling, the system comprising a global navigation satellite system comprising: - the space segment, which has navigation satellites; - a control section having ground-based satellite stations; and - A client part, which has a plurality of navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes.

[0009] The client portion includes an infrastructure network that includes a plurality of separate infrastructure network nodes provided over a geographical area. The infrastructure network nodes include: - an infrastructure network communication module configured to perform data exchange in an infrastructure network; - a navigation satellite system module having a navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of a global navigation satellite system; and - an infrastructure network control module configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module and to control the operation of the infrastructure network nodes based on the received navigation satellite system signals.

[0010] The system also includes a meteorological modeling module configured to: - Determine the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite signals between navigation satellites and infrastructure network nodes; and - calculating an atmospheric quantity in a direction between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node.

[0011] In this application, the term atmospheric delay includes ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, or both ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay.

[0012] In the context of this application, tropospheric delay includes tropospheric delay and lower stratospheric delay due to dry air and water vapor and clouds.

[0013] The lower stratospheric delay is much smaller than the tropospheric delay.

[0014] It should be noted that the present invention does not involve the calculation of the atmospheric delay, tropospheric delay, ionospheric delay and / or stratospheric delay per se. The calculation of delays is generally known.

[0015] The present invention enables the provision of three-dimensional local weather forecasts and measurements by utilizing navigation satellite systems and infrastructure networks.

[0016] In some embodiments, the system includes two or more different navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module includes a multi-system navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the two or more navigation satellite systems.

[0017] In other embodiments, the system includes two or more different navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module includes: a first navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the first navigation satellite system; and a second navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the second navigation satellite system.

[0018] Better coverage is achieved using two or more different navigation satellite systems.

[0019] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a fixed infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographic locations.

[0020] Fixed infrastructure networks enable accurate local forecasts.

[0021] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations.

[0022] In other embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile telecommunication network comprising mobile telecommunication network base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations.

[0023] In other embodiments, the infrastructure network is a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or 7G telecommunications network, which includes telecommunications network base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations.

[0024] Telecommunication networks provide wide area coverage as well as dense networks with a large number of infrastructure nodes or base stations.

[0025] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is an energy infrastructure network including energy control base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations, or a road or railway infrastructure network including road control base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations, or a lighting infrastructure network including lighting control base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations.

[0026] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile-client infrastructure network including mobile infrastructure network nodes, or a vehicle infrastructure network including vehicle infrastructure network nodes.

[0027] The mobile client infrastructure network also provides variable coverage in areas of the graph that do not have a fixed infrastructure network.

[0028] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network that includes fixed infrastructure network nodes and mobile infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographic locations.

[0029] A multi-client infrastructure network enables the utilization of both fixed and mobile infrastructure nodes.

[0030] In some embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is a single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from a navigation satellite on one frequency.

[0031] In other embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal having a first frequency and a navigation satellite system signal having a second frequency.

[0032] In other embodiments, the GNSS receiver is a multi-frequency GNSS receiver configured to receive GNSS signals on a plurality of different frequencies.

[0033] In yet other embodiments, the navigation satellite system module includes: a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal having a first frequency; and a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal having a second frequency.

[0034] Utilizing two or more frequencies enables theoretical calculation of the ionospheric delay in dependence on the signal frequency.

[0035] Ionospheric delay is closely related to the electron count of space plasma in the ionosphere. By determining the electron count by processing the ionospheric delay, the ionospheric delay can be used to monitor space weather.

[0036] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite signal having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal having the second frequency.

[0037] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite signal between a navigation satellite and an infrastructure network node based on navigation satellite system signals having different frequencies.

[0038] In some embodiments, an infrastructure network control module configured to control timing or synchronization or timing and synchronization of infrastructure network nodes in the infrastructure network is based on received navigation satellite system signals.

[0039] In other embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is configured to generate a navigation output message, and the infrastructure network control module is configured to control the timing or synchronization or the timing and synchronization of infrastructure network nodes in the infrastructure network based on the generated navigation output message generated by the navigation satellite system receiver.

[0040] Therefore, infrastructure networks make use of the time and position information provided by GNSS signals.

[0041] In some embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is configured to generate a signal characteristic output message, and the meteorological modeling module is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on the signal characteristic output message generated by the navigation satellite system receiver.

[0042] Therefore, the weather modeling module is configured to utilize signal characteristics or raw data of navigation satellite system signals.

[0043] Therefore, the infrastructure network and weather modelling modules utilize different elements of the GNSS signal or different output messages or output data of the GNSS receiver.

[0044] In some embodiments, the weather modeling module is provided to an infrastructure network node.

[0045] In other embodiments, the system comprises an external meteorological modeling server arranged to be in data exchange connection with an infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network, and the meteorological modeling module is provided to the external meteorological modeling server.

[0046] In other embodiments, the system is provided as a distributed system, wherein the meteorological modeling module and its operations are distributed between the infrastructure network nodes and an external meteorological modeling server arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes of the infrastructure network.

[0047] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is distributed among the infrastructure network nodes such that the GNSS signal delays of interest are calculated in the infrastructure network nodes and one or more atmospheric quantities are derived or calculated in the external meteorological modeling module.

[0048] The ionosphere is a dispersive medium for electromagnetic radiation of related frequencies. Different GNSS signal frequencies experience different signal delays according to well-known frequency correlation formulas. Therefore, if a GNSS receiver forming part of a navigation satellite system module is receiving GNSS signals of two or more frequencies, the ionospheric delay can be removed from the calculation. This allows the calculation of GNSS signal delays in the troposphere. These delays are called tropospheric delays. Zenith tropospheric delay is the delay experienced by a GNSS signal from a navigation satellite in the zenith above the GNSS receiver. On the other hand, tilt delay refers to the GNSS signal delay where the signal path between the navigation satellite and the GNSS receiver is tilted.

[0049] GNSS tomography or Global Navigation Satellite System Tomography refers to a method in which multiple tilt delays are used in an algorithm to derive a three-dimensional field of one or several atmospheric quantities. Typically, such algorithms apply mathematical inversion. The atmospheric region of interest (whether geographically restricted or global) can be divided into a grid, for example, and when enough tilt delays are known, the atmospheric refractivity at each grid point can be derived by mathematical inversion methods. These methods usually employ some form of optimization. Since water vapor causes the largest variation in GNSS signal delay over time, a common approach is to use meteorological surface data from measurements or modeling, and assume a standard atmosphere in terms of pressure and humidity, and then use the refractivity field obtained from GNSS tomography to derive the water vapor field. This so-called tropospheric wet delay can also contain components from liquid and / or solid water (ice). In the case of looking at the contribution of water vapor to the zenith signal delay, it is called the zenith wet delay. Liquid water and ice can also be solved in the algorithm by using, for example, radar, satellite or radiosonde data in combination with GNSS tomography algorithms. Three-dimensional temperature and pressure distributions can also be derived if additional measurement data and / or assumptions are applied, and winds can be derived by tracking the time movement of features seen in the derived atmospheric refractive index, water vapor, temperature, and pressure fields.

[0050] In typical applications, the zenith tropospheric delay is derived from multiple slant delays by a dedicated algorithm. This is because there are usually no navigation satellites directly above the GNSS receiver in the zenith. Therefore, multiple slant delays need to be used to calculate the zenith tropospheric delay, which is the delay calculated for a hypothetical satellite in the zenith above the GNSS receiver at a given point in time.

[0051] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a tropospheric delay of a navigation satellite signal between a navigation satellite and an infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0052] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine tropospheric delays of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0053] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module, and further determine the wet delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0054] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module, and further determine the wet delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0055] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the signal delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node using radio occultation based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module during the movement of the navigation satellite relative to the one or more infrastructure network nodes. Radio occultation can be used, for example, with mobile infrastructure nodes at high altitudes, such as aircraft. Radio occultation can also be used, for example, with fixed infrastructure nodes set at high altitudes with good horizontal visibility, such as mountainous areas, tall buildings, or coastal areas. In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to perform global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes based on the navigation satellite system signal received in the one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0056] In some alternative embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to perform global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network nodes based on navigation satellite system signals received in the one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0057] In some embodiments, global navigation satellite system tomography includes determining an atmospheric delay between two or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between the two or more navigation satellites and the one or more infrastructure network nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay.

[0058] In other embodiments, global navigation satellite system tomography includes determining an atmospheric delay between two or more navigation satellites and an infrastructure network node, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the determined atmospheric delay.

[0059] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signals received from two or more navigation satellites in the navigation satellite system modules of the one or more infrastructure network nodes by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0060] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signals received from two or more navigation satellites in the navigation satellite system module of the infrastructure network node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0061] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations, and the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signals received from two or more navigation satellites in a navigation satellite system module of the fixed infrastructure network nodes by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0062] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0063] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional atmospheric refractive index distribution in the atmosphere based on determined slant delays of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0064] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more atmospheric sensors arranged to be communicatively connected to the meteorological modeling module. The meteorological modeling module is configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors. The meteorological modeling module is further configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signal and the atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors.

[0065] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more of the following atmospheric quantities: atmospheric refractive index, water vapor, liquid water, ice, temperature, pressure, and wind based on determined tilt delays of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and infrastructure network nodes via global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0066] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on determined tropospheric delay or wet delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0067] In some embodiments, the atmospheric quantity is one or more of: water vapor, liquid water, atmospheric refractive index, ice, temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind.

[0068] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the two or more infrastructure network nodes, and calculate an atmospheric volume between the navigation satellite and the two or more infrastructure network nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the two or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0069] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between two or more navigation satellites and an infrastructure network node, and calculate an atmospheric volume between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node.

[0070] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between two or more navigation satellites and two or more infrastructure network nodes, and calculate an atmospheric volume between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more infrastructure network nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0071] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between one or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes located in a predetermined geographic area, and calculate an atmospheric volume between one or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes located in the predetermined geographic area based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0072] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more fixed infrastructure network nodes located in the predetermined geographic area, and calculate the atmospheric volume between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more fixed infrastructure network nodes located in the predetermined geographic area based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more fixed infrastructure network nodes.

[0073] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay includes ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay.

[0074] In other embodiments, the atmospheric delay includes only tropospheric delay.

[0075] In other embodiments, the atmospheric delay includes only ionospheric delay.

[0076] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to calculate a theoretical ionospheric delay based on a navigation satellite system signal having a first frequency and a navigation satellite system signal having a second frequency received in the infrastructure network node from a navigation satellite.

[0077] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a total atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite signal between a navigation satellite and an infrastructure network node, calculate a theoretical ionospheric delay based on a navigation satellite system signal having a first frequency and a navigation satellite system signal having a second frequency received in the infrastructure network node from the navigation satellite, subtract the theoretical ionospheric delay from the total atmospheric delay to generate a navigation satellite system signal without ionospheric delay, and determine a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal based on the navigation satellite system signal without ionospheric delay.

[0078] In other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a total atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite signal between a navigation satellite and an infrastructure network node, calculate a theoretical ionospheric delay based on a navigation satellite system signal having a first frequency and a navigation satellite system signal having a second frequency received in the infrastructure network node from the navigation satellite, subtract the theoretical ionospheric delay from the total atmospheric delay to generate a navigation satellite system signal without ionospheric delay, determine a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal based on the navigation satellite system signal without ionospheric delay, and determine an effective ionospheric delay by subtracting the determined tropospheric delay from the total atmospheric delay.

[0079] The invention is also based on the idea of ​​providing a method for meteorological modeling, characterised in that the method is performed in conjunction with an infrastructure network comprising a plurality of individual infrastructure network nodes arranged over a geographical area. The method comprises: -Perform data exchange in infrastructure networks; - receiving, in the infrastructure network node, a navigation satellite system signal from a navigation satellite of the global navigation satellite system; and - controlling the operation of infrastructure network nodes based on received navigation satellite system signals, The method also includes: - determining an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between a navigation satellite and an infrastructure network node based on the received navigation satellite system signal; and - calculating an atmospheric volume between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on a determined atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node.

[0080] In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, in an infrastructure network node, navigation satellite system signals from two or more navigation satellites respectively; or In other embodiments, the method includes receiving, in two or more infrastructure network nodes respectively, a navigation satellite system signal from a navigation satellite; or In other embodiments, a method includes receiving, in two or more infrastructure network nodes, navigation satellite system signals from two or more navigation satellites.

[0081] In some embodiments, a method includes receiving, in an infrastructure network node, navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of two or more global navigation satellite systems.

[0082] In some embodiments, a method includes receiving a navigation satellite system signal from a navigation satellite in at least two different frequencies.

[0083] In some embodiments, a method includes determining a tropospheric delay of a navigation satellite signal between a navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite system signal received in the infrastructure network node.

[0084] In other embodiments, the method includes determining a tropospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite system signal received in the infrastructure network node; or In other embodiments, the method includes determining a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the infrastructure network node, and further determining a wet delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node based on the determined tropospheric delay; or In yet other embodiments, the method includes determining a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the infrastructure network node, and further determining a wet delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0085] In some embodiments, a method includes determining a three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signals received in an infrastructure network node from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0086] In other embodiments, the method includes determining a three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on a determined tropospheric delay or wet delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and an infrastructure network node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0087] In some embodiments, a method includes determining an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between a navigation satellite and two or more infrastructure network nodes, and calculating an atmospheric volume between the navigation satellite and the two or more infrastructure network nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the two or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0088] In other embodiments, the method includes determining an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between two or more navigation satellites and an infrastructure network node, and calculating an atmospheric volume between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the two or more navigation satellites and the infrastructure network node.

[0089] In other embodiments, the method includes determining an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between two or more navigation satellites and two or more infrastructure network nodes, and calculating an atmospheric volume between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more infrastructure network nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0090] In some embodiments, a method includes determining an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal between one or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes located in a predetermined geographic area, and calculating an atmospheric volume between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more infrastructure network nodes located in the predetermined geographic area based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0091] In other embodiments, the method includes determining an atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more fixed infrastructure network nodes located in a predetermined geographic area, and calculating an atmospheric volume between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more fixed infrastructure network nodes located in the predetermined geographic area based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more fixed infrastructure network nodes.

[0092] In some embodiments, a method includes performing global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes based on navigation satellite system signals received in the one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0093] In other embodiments, the method includes performing global navigation satellite system tomography, the global navigation satellite system tomography including: determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between the two or more navigation satellites and the one or more infrastructure network nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays; or In other embodiments, the method includes determining a three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere by global navigation satellite system tomography based on navigation satellite system signals received from two or more navigation satellites in a navigation satellite system module of one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0094] In some embodiments, the method is performed using the system disclosed above. Thus, the operation of the system and the method and its method steps are interchangeable.

[0095] An advantage of the system and method of the present invention is that the accuracy of digital weather predictions and forecasts and global weather analysis is likely to be improved. When infrastructure network nodes with GNSS receivers for primary network control purposes are utilized in GNSS meteorology, significantly increased coverage and availability of atmospheric data collected from GNSS receivers is achieved. The increased coverage and availability have a significant impact on weather forecasting and climate monitoring in all areas covered by the infrastructure network, especially when they are telecommunication networks such as 5G or future telecommunication networks. This significantly increased coverage and availability will enable hyperlocal weather forecasting for any area where GNSS meteorology measurements are available via the infrastructure network and its nodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0096] The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by means of specific embodiments, in which: Figure 1 A basic global navigation satellite system is schematically shown; Figures 2 to 4 Different embodiments of the present invention are schematically shown; Figures 5 to 7 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a hardware configuration of a system according to the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a software module of an operating system according to the present invention; Fig. 9 A navigation satellite system receiver is schematically shown; and Figures 10 to 12 A method for determining atmospheric meteorological conditions is schematically illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0097] The systems and methods described in the context of the present application include and utilize a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for meteorological modeling and calculations. In the context of the present application, the GNSS may be a known GNSS such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the European Satellite Navigation System (Galileo), Immarsat, the Chinese Navigation Satellite System (Beidou), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Multi-Function Satellite Augmentation System (MTSAT or MSAS), and the Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) and the Regional Satellite System. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented by utilizing existing and future GNSS.

[0098] Figure 1 The general GNSS architecture is schematically shown. The GNSS architecture includes three main components: the space part, the control part and the client part.

[0099] The client part may also be represented as the user part. Different navigation satellite systems may also be represented as different navigation satellite constellations.

[0100] The space segment includes Global Navigation System satellites (GNSS satellites) 2 orbiting approximately 20,000 km above the Earth's surface. Each GNSS satellite broadcasts a Global Navigation Satellite System signal (GNSS signal) 5 that identifies the GNSS satellite and provides its time, orbit and status.

[0101] The control part includes a ground-based network of master control stations 6, data upload stations 8 and monitoring stations 4. For example, in the case of GPS, the system includes two master control stations 6, four data upload stations 8 and 16, and monitoring stations 4 located around the world.

[0102] In each GNSS system, the master control station 6 adjusts the orbital parameters and onboard high-precision clocks of the satellites 2 when necessary to maintain accuracy.

[0103] The monitoring stations 4 are usually installed over a wide geographical area, monitor the signals and status of the satellites 2, and send this information to the main control station 6. The main control station 6 analyzes the signals and then sends orbit and time corrections to the satellites 2 via the data upload station 8.

[0104] The client part consists of equipment, devices and systems 10, 20, 22, 24, 26 that process navigation satellite system signals 5 received from GNSS satellites 2 and use them to derive and apply position and time information. Equipment, devices and systems include smartphones and other mobile devices and handheld devices 10 that include GNSS receivers. Equipment, devices and systems also include vehicles such as aircraft 22, cars 24 and ships 26 that are equipped with GNSS receivers. Equipment, devices and systems also include fixed ground-based infrastructure networks 20, which include infrastructure network nodes equipped with GNSS receivers. Fixed ground-based infrastructure networks 20 include, for example, telecommunication networks, power and electricity networks, road and railway infrastructure networks, lighting networks, district heating and cooling networks, etc.

[0105] The fixed infrastructure network 20 and the mobile or transportable equipment and devices 10, 22, 24, 26 provide an infrastructure network comprising an infrastructure network node provided with a navigation satellite system module having a navigation satellite system receiver. The infrastructure network node also comprises an infrastructure network communication module configured to perform data exchange in the infrastructure network.

[0106] Figure 2A fixed telecommunication network is schematically shown, comprising a telecommunication network base station 20 as an infrastructure network node at a fixed geographical location. The telecommunication network base station 20 has a fixed geographical location and associated GNSS coordinates. Thus, the geographical location of the fixed telecommunication network base station 20 in the GNSS system is known.

[0107] In some embodiments, the telecommunication network is a mobile telecommunication network comprising mobile telecommunication network base stations 20 as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations. The mobile telecommunication network may be a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or 7G telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations 20 at fixed geographical locations.

[0108] The telecommunication network may also be a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Local Area Network (LAN) or any other fixed telecommunication network comprising interconnected fixed infrastructure network nodes.

[0109] The telecommunication network base station 20 is provided with a node element 100 for operating the telecommunication network base station 20. The node element 100 is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites, perform data exchange and communication 7 in the telecommunication network and between the base stations 20, and control the operation of the telecommunication network and the base stations 20 based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0110] Figure 3 A fixed power network is schematically shown, which includes power network stations 21, 23, 25 as infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographical locations. The power network stations may include power plants, power grid stations 23 and power user stations 25 connected to each other by power lines 9. The power network stations 21, 23, 25 have fixed geographical locations and associated GNSS coordinates. Thus, the geographical locations of the fixed power network stations 21, 23, 25 in the GNSS system are known.

[0111] The power network stations 21, 23, 25 are provided with node elements 100 for operating or controlling the fixed power network and the power network stations 21, 23, 25. The node elements 100 are configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites, perform data exchange and communication in the power network and between the power network stations 21, 23, 25, and control the operation of the power network and the power network stations 21, 23, 25 based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0112] The node element 100 may also be configured to connect to the telecommunication network 7 and its telecommunication network base station 20 in order to perform data exchange and communication in the power network and between the power network stations 21 , 23 , 25 .

[0113] The general structure of a fixed electricity network can also be applied to district heating and cooling networks with similar fixed infrastructure network nodes.

[0114] The general structure of fixed electricity networks can also be applied to road and rail infrastructure networks with fixed infrastructure network nodes such as cameras and sensors, like temperature sensors or motion sensors.

[0115] The general structure of a fixed electricity network can also be applied to a lighting network with fixed lighting devices as nodes of the fixed infrastructure network.

[0116] Figure 4 A vehicle infrastructure network is shown that includes a vehicle infrastructure network node 24. The vehicle infrastructure node 24 is a mobile infrastructure node that does not have a fixed geographic location and GNSS coordinates. The vehicle infrastructure node 24 is provided as a vehicle. Thus, the geographic location of the vehicle infrastructure node 24 changes, and the geographic location is determined and updated by using the navigation satellite system signal 5.

[0117] The vehicle infrastructure node 24 may be, for example, Figure 4 In some embodiments, the transportation infrastructure network includes fixed road or railway nodes.

[0118] The transport infrastructure node 24 is provided with a node element 100 for operating or controlling the transport infrastructure network and the transport infrastructure node 24. The node element 100 is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites, perform data exchange and communication 6 in the transport infrastructure network and between the transport infrastructure nodes 24, and control the operation of the transport infrastructure network and the transport infrastructure node 24 based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0119] The node element 100 may also be configured to connect to the telecommunication network 7 and its telecommunication network base stations 20 in order to perform data exchange and communication in the vehicle infrastructure network and between vehicle infrastructure nodes 24 .

[0120] Thus, in some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a fixed infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographic locations. In alternative embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile client infrastructure network comprising mobile infrastructure network nodes, or a vehicle infrastructure network comprising vehicle infrastructure network nodes. In other embodiments, the infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network comprising both fixed infrastructure network nodes at fixed geographic locations and mobile or vehicle infrastructure network nodes.

[0121] Figure 5 The physical structure of the node element 100 is schematically shown. The node element 10 comprises an antenna unit 150 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 .

[0122] In some embodiments, antenna unit 150 is configured to transmit and receive data in an infrastructure network and / or between infrastructure network nodes.

[0123] The node element 100 comprises an operating unit 120. The operating unit 120 is connected to an antenna unit 150 in order to perform data exchange to and from the operating unit and to receive navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0124] The operating unit 120 is also connected to a network core or control centre 130 at least in the telecommunications network.

[0125] The node element 100 further includes a power supply unit 140 connected to a power supply 142. The node element 100 further includes a battery connected to the power supply unit 140 for backup. The battery 144 may also be omitted. The power supply unit 140 is connected to the operating unit 120 to supply power to the operating unit 120.

[0126] The operation unit 120 includes an infrastructure network communication module 122 configured to perform data exchange in the infrastructure network.

[0127] The infrastructure network communication module 122 includes, for example, a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G or higher core or any other telecommunication core configured to perform data exchange in an infrastructure network.

[0128] The operating unit 120 comprises a navigation satellite system module 124 having a navigation satellite system receiver 160 , 162 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of a global navigation satellite system.

[0129] The operating unit 120 further comprises an infrastructure network control module 123 configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module 122 and control operation of the infrastructure network nodes 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5 .

[0130] In an infrastructure network, it is often necessary to coordinate and control the operations of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 so that the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 operate together efficiently and in a correct manner in the infrastructure network. Therefore, timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 in the infrastructure network is required.

[0131] The infrastructure network control module 123 is configured to control the timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network nodes 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 in the infrastructure network using the navigation satellite system module 124 based on the navigation satellite system signals 5 .

[0132] GNSS satellites provide x, y, z coordinates and precise time information to the receiver. The basic principle of any GNSS system is that all satellite clocks are synchronized with precise time. The navigation satellite 2 broadcasts the encoded navigation satellite system signal 5 at the exact time, and the receiver 160, 162 estimates the exact time taken for each navigation satellite system signal 5 to travel from the navigation satellite 2 to the receiver 160, 162. Then, the position of the GNSS receiver 160, 162 is calculated based on the flight time of each navigation satellite system signal 5 from the navigation satellite 2 to the receiver 160, 162. Therefore, the navigation satellite system signal 5 is used for the timing and synchronization of the operation of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 in the infrastructure network. Thus, the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 in the infrastructure network are configured to utilize the navigation satellite system signal 5 to operate the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and the infrastructure network in an efficient manner, so that errors can be prevented.

[0133] Fig. 9 Schematically shown are GNSS receivers 160, 162. The GNSS receivers are configured to generate navigation output messages 30 having position information and precise time information. The infrastructure network control module 123 is configured to control the timing or synchronization or timing and synchronization of infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 in the infrastructure network based on the navigation output messages 30 generated by the navigation satellite system receivers 160, 162. The navigation output message means navigation output data including position and time data.

[0134] The navigation satellite system receivers 160, 162 are also configured to generate signal characteristic output messages 32. The signal characteristic output messages include information about the navigation satellite signals 5 themselves received from the respective navigation satellites at the respective frequencies. The signal characteristic output messages include, for example, carrier phase information, code phase information, pseudorange information, and pseudorange rate information. The meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on the signal characteristic output messages 32 generated by the navigation satellite system receivers 160, 162. The signal characteristic output messages refer to the navigation satellite system raw signal data.

[0135] The system of the present invention further comprises a meteorological modeling module 128. The meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. The meteorological modeling module 128 is further configured to calculate the atmospheric amount in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0136] like Figure 5 As shown, a meteorological modelling module 128 is provided to the node element 100 of the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. The meteorological modelling module 128 is arranged to receive a navigation satellite system signal 5 or data representing the navigation satellite system signal 5 from the navigation satellite system module 124.

[0137] Figure 7 An alternative embodiment is shown, in which the system comprises an external meteorological modelling server 129 arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 of the infrastructure network. A meteorological modelling module 128 is provided to the external meteorological modelling server 129. The external meteorological modelling server 129 is connected to the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 via a telecommunication network. The external meteorological modelling server 129 is connected to the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 via the infrastructure network communication module 122.

[0138] Thereby, the external meteorological modelling server 129 is connected to the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 via the telecommunication network and is arranged to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 or data representing navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellite system modules 124 of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0139] In a further alternative embodiment, the system is provided as a distributed system wherein the meteorological modeling module 128 and its operations are distributed between the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and an external meteorological modeling server 129 arranged to be connected for data exchange with the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 of the infrastructure network.

[0140] In one embodiment, the first submodule of the meteorological modeling module 128 is provided to and executed in the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. The first submodule of the meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0141] The second submodule of the meteorological modeling module 128 is provided to and executed in the external meteorological modeling server 129. The second submodule of the meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to calculate the atmospheric quantity in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0142] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module 128 is further configured to generate a meteorological model based on the calculated atmospheric quantities.The meteorological model includes the calculated atmospheric quantities.

[0143] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module 128 is further configured to determine the geographic location of each of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 based on the navigation satellite signals 5 received in each of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, respectively. The meteorological modeling module 128 is further configured to associate the determined geographic location of the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 with the calculated atmospheric quantity. The meteorological model includes the calculated atmospheric quantity associated with the geographic location information. Thus, a location-based meteorological model is generated.

[0144] In an alternative embodiment, the system includes one or more predetermined weather models, and the weather modeling module 128 is further configured to update the one or more predetermined weather models based on the calculated atmospheric quantities.

[0145] The geographic location information is associated with one or more predetermined weather models and is also associated with the calculated atmospheric quantities such that location-based updating is performed.

[0146] Generating a meteorological model or updating one or more meteorological models is performed in the meteorological modeling module 128 in the operating unit 120 of the node element 100 , or in the external meteorological modeling server 129 , or in a second submodule of the meteorological modeling module 128 .

[0147] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an apparatus for implementing the operation unit 120 of the node element 100 . Figure 6The device illustrated in the figure includes components from a central processing unit (CPU) 401 to an I / F 407. The CPU 401 directly or indirectly controls various devices (read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), etc.) connected through an internal bus, and executes programs and instructions for implementing the present invention. A basic input and output system (BIOS) is stored in the ROM 402.

[0148] The RAM 403 is used as a work area of ​​the CPU 401 or as a temporary storage device for loading a software module for implementing the present invention. The hard disk drive (HDD) 404 stores an operating system (OS) as basic software or a software module. A solid state drive (SSD) may be provided instead of the HDD 404.

[0149] The input device 405 inputs data from the antenna unit 150 and via the infrastructure network communication module 122 and the navigation satellite system module 124. The input device 405 includes a receiver of the infrastructure network and the navigation satellite system receivers 160, 162. The output device 406 outputs data. The output device includes a transmitter of the infrastructure network or the telecommunication network. The I / F is an interface for connecting to the infrastructure network or the telecommunication network. After activating the device, the CPU 401 executes the BIOS and loads the OS from the HDD 404 to the RAM 403 so that the OS is executable. The CPU 401 loads various software modules from the HDD 404 to the RAM 403 at any time according to the operation of the OS so that the software modules are executable. The CPU 401 executes and operates various types of software modules. In addition, the CPU 401 controls the I / F 407 according to the operation of the OS, and the I / F implements communication with the infrastructure network or the telecommunication network.

[0150] The software modules include at least an infrastructure network control module 123 .

[0151] As disclosed above, in some embodiments, the software modules include at least the infrastructure network control module 123 and the meteorological modeling module 128 or a first submodule thereof.

[0152] The navigation satellite system signal 5 travels from the navigation satellite 2 through space to the navigation satellite system receiver 160, 162. Most of space is close to a vacuum. In order to calculate an accurate position, the receiver needs to know the length and direct path of the navigation satellite system signal 5 from the navigation satellite 2 to the navigation satellite system receiver 160, 162 and the infrastructure network node. Radio waves do not travel in a straight path. The navigation satellite system signal 5 traveling from the navigation satellite 2 to the navigation satellite system receiver 160, 162 bends as it passes through different layers during travel. This bending has an impact and increases the amount of time it takes for the navigation satellite system signal 5 to travel from the navigation satellite to the navigation satellite system receiver 160, 162.

[0153] By comparing the straight line of sight to the actual path the signal traveled, it can be determined how much the atmosphere and different atmospheric variables affect the navigation satellite system signal 5. The meteorological modeling module 128 uses the characteristics of the navigation satellite system signal 5 to calculate the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, pressure, and temperature.

[0154] Figure 8 1 shows a schematic configuration example of the weather modeling module 128. The weather modeling module 128 includes components from the input unit 101 to the output unit 107.

[0155] The input unit 101 is configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal 5 or data representing a navigation satellite system signal 5 .

[0156] The zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 is configured to determine the zenith tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 based on the navigation satellite system signal 5 received in the navigation satellite system module 124 .

[0157] The zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 includes a zenith tropospheric delay calculation algorithm, which is configured to calculate the zenith tropospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal 5. The navigation satellite system signal 5 is input to the zenith tropospheric delay calculation algorithm. The output of the zenith tropospheric delay calculation algorithm is the zenith tropospheric delay between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0158] In some embodiments, the zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 is further configured to calculate a zenith wet delay of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between two or more navigation satellites 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 based on the determined zenith tropospheric delay.

[0159] The navigation satellite system signal 5 is refracted non-dispersively by the atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere) where the signal delays for specific elevation and azimuth angles are mapped to form the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). The ZTD can be attributed to the hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic components of the atmosphere, which are mapped to the zenith using separate hydrostatic and wet mapping algorithms. Due to the well-mixed nature of the hydrostatic gases in the atmosphere, the zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) can be accurately calculated using local surface pressure and temperature measurements. The additional delay due to water vapor is the zenith wet delay (ZWD). Therefore, the zenith wet delay is calculated by subtracting the zenith hydrostatic delay from the zenith tropospheric delay.

[0160] Fig.10The bending of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 is schematically shown. The straight line 5' represents the straight line from the navigation satellite 2 to the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and the curve 5 represents the actual path of the navigation satellite system signal 5.

[0161] The atmospheric mass unit 104 is configured to calculate the atmospheric mass in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0162] The atmospheric quantity unit 104 comprises an atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm configured to calculate one or more atmospheric quantities based on determined atmospheric delays of navigation satellite signals between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 .

[0163] Atmospheric quantities are one or more of temperature, pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere.

[0164] The atmospheric volume unit 104 includes an atmospheric temperature calculation algorithm configured to calculate the atmospheric temperature. In another embodiment, the atmospheric volume unit 104 includes an atmospheric pressure calculation algorithm configured to calculate the atmospheric pressure. In another embodiment, the atmospheric volume unit 104 includes an atmospheric humidity calculation algorithm configured to calculate the atmospheric humidity.

[0165] In yet another embodiment, the atmospheric quantity unit 104 includes an atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm configured to calculate one or more of atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric wind.

[0166] The determined atmospheric delay is input to an atmospheric mass calculation algorithm. The output of the atmospheric mass calculation algorithm is a value representing the atmospheric mass in the atmosphere in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node 20,21,22,23,24,25,26.

[0167] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm is a zenith wet delay or a zenith tropospheric delay. In other embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm includes both a zenith wet delay and a zenith tropospheric delay.

[0168] The tomography unit 105 is configured to determine a three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals 5 received in the navigation satellite system module 124 from two or more navigation satellites 2 .

[0169] The tomography unit 105 comprises a tomography calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric water vapor between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node based on the navigation satellite signal 5 received in the infrastructure network node.

[0170] In some embodiments, the determined atmospheric delay is input to a tomography computation algorithm.The output of the tomography computation algorithm is a three-dimensional water vapor model representing the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere.

[0171] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the tomography computation algorithm is a zenith wet delay or a zenith tropospheric delay. In other embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the tomography computation algorithm includes both a zenith wet delay and a zenith tropospheric delay.

[0172] In another embodiment, the output of the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm is input to the tomography calculation algorithm. The output of the tomography calculation algorithm is a three-dimensional water vapor model representing the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere. Thus, the input is a value representing the atmospheric quantity in the atmosphere in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

[0173] The modeling unit 106 is configured to generate a meteorological model based on the calculated atmospheric quantities, or to update a predetermined meteorological model, as disclosed above. The meteorological model includes one or more calculated atmospheric quantities. In some embodiments, the meteorological model includes one or more of the atmospheric quantities calculated based on the tomography unit 105 and / or a three-dimensional water vapor model representing the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere.

[0174] The output unit 107 is configured to output the generated meteorological model from the meteorological modeling module 128 .

[0175] The weather modeling module 128 includes a database 110 .

[0176] The database 110 comprises a navigation satellite system signal database 111 which is configured to store raw signal data received in the infrastructure network nodes 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 .

[0177] The database 110 includes a process database 112 configured to store outputs of one or more of the zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 , the atmospheric volume unit 104 , and the tomography unit 105 .

[0178] The database 110 includes a model database 113 configured to store weather models and / or predetermined weather models.

[0179] The system of the present invention may include one or more different global navigation satellite systems. Therefore, the navigation satellite system module 124 includes multi-system navigation satellite system receivers 160, 162, which are configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of two or more global navigation satellite systems. Alternatively, the navigation satellite system module 124 includes: a first navigation satellite system receiver 160, which is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of a first global navigation satellite system; and a second navigation satellite system receiver 162, which is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of a second global navigation satellite system.

[0180] The navigation satellite 2 transmits a navigation satellite system signal 5 at a plurality of different frequencies.

[0181] In some embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver 160 , 162 is a single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive the navigation satellite system signal 5 from the navigation satellite 2 on one frequency.

[0182] In some preferred embodiments, the GNSS receivers 160, 162 are dual-frequency GNSS receivers configured to receive GNSS signals 5 having a first frequency and GNSS signals 5 having a second frequency.

[0183] In other preferred embodiments, the GNSS receivers 160, 162 are multi-frequency GNSS receivers configured to receive GNSS signals 5 at a plurality of different frequencies.

[0184] In some other preferred embodiments, the navigation satellite system module 124 includes: a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver 160, 162, which is configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal 5 having a first frequency; and a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver 160, 162, which is configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal 5 having a second frequency.

[0185] In some embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module is configured to receive GPS signals having at least two of frequency bands L1, L2, and L5.

[0186] In some other embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module is configured to receive a Glonass system signal having at least two of the frequency bands G1, G2, and G3.

[0187] In other embodiments, the GNSS module is configured to receive Galileo system signals having at least two of the frequency bands E1, E5a, E5b and E6.

[0188] In a further embodiment, the GNSS module is configured to receive frequency bands L1, L2 and L5.

[0189] In other embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module is configured to receive a Glonass system signal having at least two of the frequency bands G1, G2, G3, E1, E5a, E5b, E6, L1, L2, and L5.

[0190] In some other embodiments, the navigation satellite system module is configured to receive a QZSS system signal having at least two frequency bands L1 and L5.

[0191] The delay of a navigation satellite system signal typically includes an ionospheric portion and a tropospheric portion. Using a multi-frequency or dual-frequency receiver or two or more receivers, the ionospheric portion of the delay can be removed. The ionospheric delay varies with frequency, so it affects various GNSS signals differently. By comparing the delays of two or more different frequencies, the ionospheric portion of the delay can be removed. Thus, the atmospheric quantities can be calculated more accurately. In the context of this application, atmospheric quantities and atmospheric delays refer to tropospheric quantities and tropospheric delays.

[0192] Fig.11 It is schematically shown that each infrastructure network node 20 is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from a plurality of navigation satellites 2. Thereby, atmospheric quantity and meteorological modelling is performed in a plurality of directions of the infrastructure network node 20.

[0193] Fig.12 Also schematically shown are a plurality of infrastructure network nodes 20, each node being configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from a plurality of navigation satellites 2. Thus, a three-dimensional distribution of atmospheric quantities is determined and a three-dimensional meteorological model is also generated.

[0194] Fig.12 It is also disclosed that the system comprises one or more atmospheric sensors 200 arranged to be communicatively connected with the meteorological modeling module 128. The sensor 200 may be a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, etc. The sensor 200 may be connected with the meteorological modeling module 128, for example, via a telecommunication network.

[0195] The meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from one or more atmospheric sensors 200 and determine a three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals 5 and the atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors 200 .

[0196] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to receive precise orbital data or ephemeris from an external ephemeris server, such as an IGS. The ephemeris server is configured to determine or calculate precise orbital data for navigation satellites. The orbital data received with the navigation satellite system signal has small inaccuracies that are eliminated by calculations performed by the ephemeris server. The meteorological modeling module 128 is configured to receive precise orbital data from the ephemeris server and determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signal 5 and the ephemeris data and possibly also using atmospheric measurement data from the sensor 200.

[0197] The invention has been described above with reference to the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the invention is by no means limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A system for meteorological modeling, the system comprising a global navigation satellite system, the global navigation satellite system comprising: - a space segment having navigation satellites (2); - a control section having ground-based satellite stations (4, 6, 8); and - a client part, which has a plurality of navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes (10, 20, 22, 24, 26), Characterized in that the client part comprises an infrastructure network, which comprises a plurality of separate infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) provided over a geographical area, wherein the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprise: - an infrastructure network communication module (122) configured to perform data exchange in said infrastructure network; - a navigation satellite system module (124) having a navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) from said navigation satellite (2) of said global navigation satellite system; and - an infrastructure network control module (123) configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module (122) and to control the operation of the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5), The system also includes a meteorological modeling module (128) configured to: - determining an atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); and - calculating an atmospheric volume between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system comprises two or more different global navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module (124) comprises: - a multi-system navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from said navigation satellites (2) of two or more navigation satellite systems; or - a first navigation satellite system receiver (160) configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) from said navigation satellite (2) of a first global navigation satellite system; and - a second navigation satellite system receiver (162) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from said navigation satellites (2) of a second global navigation satellite system.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The infrastructure network is a fixed infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The infrastructure network is: - a fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as said infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; or - a mobile telecommunication network comprising mobile telecommunication network base stations as said infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; or - A 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or 7G telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as said infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The infrastructure network is: - an energy infrastructure network comprising an energy control base station as said infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at a fixed geographical location; or - a road or railway infrastructure network comprising a road control base station as said infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at a fixed geographical location; or - A lighting infrastructure network comprising lighting control base stations as said infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations.

6. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The infrastructure network is: - a mobile client infrastructure network comprising mobile infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or - A transport infrastructure network comprising transport infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

7. The system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that The infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network comprising: - Fixed infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; and - Mobile infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

8. The system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that - the navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) is a single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) from a navigation satellite (2) at one frequency; or - the navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) having a first frequency and a navigation satellite system signal (5) having a second frequency; or - the navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) is a multi-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) at a plurality of different frequencies; or - The navigation satellite system module (124) comprises: a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) having a first frequency; and - A second frequency navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) having a second frequency.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite signal (5) having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal (5) having the second frequency; or The meteorological modeling module (128) is configured to determine an atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) having different frequencies.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that - the infrastructure network control module (123) is configured to control the timing or synchronization or the timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in the infrastructure network based on the received navigation satellite system signal (5); or - the navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) is configured to generate a navigation output message (30), and the infrastructure network control module (123) is configured to control the timing or synchronization or the timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in the infrastructure network based on the navigation output message (30) generated by the navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162).

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162) is configured to generate a signal characteristic output message (32), and the meteorological modeling module (128) is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on the signal characteristic output message (32) generated by the navigation satellite system receiver (160, 162).

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that - the meteorological modelling module (128) is arranged in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or - the system comprises an external meteorological modelling server (129) arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) of the infrastructure network, the meteorological modelling module (128) being arranged to the external meteorological modelling server (129); or - The system is provided as a distributed system, wherein the meteorological modelling module (128) and its operation are distributed between the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) and an external meteorological modelling server (129) arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) of the infrastructure network.

13. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The meteorological modeling module (128) is configured to: - determining a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite signal (5) received in the navigation satellite system module (124); or - determining a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the two or more navigation satellites (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) received in the navigation satellite system module (124).

14. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that The meteorological modeling module (128) is configured to perform global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites (2) and the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received in the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or - the meteorological modeling module (128) is configured to perform global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites (2) and the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received in the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that - the GNSS tomography comprises: determining an atmospheric delay between two or more navigation satellites (2) and one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between the two or more navigation satellites (2) and the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delay; or - The GNSS tomography comprises: determining an atmospheric delay between two or more navigation satellites (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between the two or more navigation satellites (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delay.

16. The system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received from two or more navigation satellites (2) in the navigation satellite system modules (124) of the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) by global navigation satellite system tomography; or - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received from two or more navigation satellites (2) in the navigation satellite system module (124) of the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) by global navigation satellite system tomography.

17. The system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that - said infrastructure network is said fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as said infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; and - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received from two or more navigation satellites (2) in the navigation satellite system module (124) of the fixed infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) by global navigation satellite system tomography.

18. A system according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that The system comprises one or more atmospheric sensors (200) arranged in communication connection with the meteorological modeling module (128), the meteorological modeling module (128) being configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors (200), and the meteorological modeling module (128) being configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) and the atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors (200).

19. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that The atmospheric volume is one or more of the following: - atmospheric refractive index; -water vapor; -temperature; -pressure; -humidity; -liquid; - ice; and -wind.

20. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that - the atmospheric delay includes ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay; or - the atmospheric delay comprises only tropospheric delay; or -The atmospheric delay includes only the ionospheric delay.

21. The system according to claim 20, characterized in that - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to calculate a theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) with the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal (5) with the second frequency received in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) from the navigation satellite (2); or - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to: determine a total atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), - calculating a theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) with the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal (5) with the second frequency received in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) from the navigation satellite (2), - subtracting the theoretical ionospheric delay from the total atmospheric delay to generate an ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal, and - determining the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) based on the navigation satellite system signal without ionospheric delay; or - the meteorological modelling module (128) is configured to: determine a total atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), - calculating a theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) with the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal (5) with the second frequency received in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) from the navigation satellite (2), - subtracting the theoretical ionospheric delay from the total atmospheric delay to generate an ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal, - determining the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) based on the ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal, and - determining an effective ionospheric delay by subtracting said determined tropospheric delay from said total atmospheric delay.

22. A method for meteorological modeling, characterized in that: The method is performed in conjunction with an infrastructure network comprising a plurality of separate infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) arranged over a geographical area, the method comprising: - performing data exchange in said infrastructure network; - receiving, in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), a navigation satellite system signal (5) from the navigation satellite (2) of the global navigation satellite system; and - controlling the operation of the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5), The method further comprises: - determining an atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the received navigation satellite system signal (5); and - calculating an atmospheric volume between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The method comprises: - receiving navigation satellite system signals (5) from two or more navigation satellites (2) in the infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), respectively; or - receiving a navigation satellite system signal (5) from a navigation satellite (2) in two or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), respectively; or - Receiving navigation satellite system signals (5) from two or more navigation satellites (2) in two or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that The method comprises receiving, in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of two or more global navigation satellite systems.

25. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that The method further comprises receiving a navigation satellite system signal (5) from the navigation satellite (10) in at least two different frequencies.

26. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that The method comprises: - determining a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) received in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or - determining a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between two or more navigation satellites (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) received in the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

27. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that The method comprises: - performing global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites (2) and said one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on said navigation satellite system signals (5) received in said one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or - performing global navigation satellite system tomography, the global navigation satellite system tomography comprising: determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites (2) and one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between the two or more navigation satellites (2) and the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delays; or - determining a three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere by means of global navigation satellite system tomography based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received from two or more navigation satellites (2) in the navigation satellite system modules (124) of the one or more infrastructure network nodes (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

28. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that The method is performed using a system according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

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